📚｜english-questions

[boreal ingot]

I'm the one asking the question ??

[dense oasis]

that's so confusing somehow. I guess language

I have to read this many times to actually understand what I'm reading

yeah probably language. New paths to expression are chaotic and just, new, maybe this is the meaning

And they still are haunted by the old forms that kinda disappeared but kinda didnt

I think it's just language

[boreal ingot]

Thank youuu

Good kitty

[turbid bridge]

Language. This is because "a difficulty" cant show ingenuity but a language can

[acoustic geyser]

should I use collective nouns or plural form to talk about the whole people in a country?

like the British or Britishs?

[boreal ingot]

You can use either. Using 'the + [adjective]' is more formal, though.

Note, a lot of countries/ethnicities have a special word for someone who is/is from them: you can't say 'Britishes'; you have to say 'Brits'. You can't say 'Frenches'; you have to say 'Frenchmen/Frenchwomen'. You can't say 'Spanishes'; you have to say 'Spaniards'. 'Arabics' -> 'Arabs'. 'Scottishes' -> 'Scots'.

So, if you're going to use the plural, know the correct form. This mainly applies to the '-ish' ones.
Formally, you can't use the '-ese' ones as nouns at all. No 'A Chinese' or 'A Taiwanese'. You can say 'A Taiwanese person' or 'The Taiwanese', though.

The British are coming. = formal and refers to all the kingdom as one
The Brits are coming. = informal and may refer to the whole kingdom or to a specific group of Brits

[dense oasis]

mrrrrr, meow

[toxic timber]

Hi

[acoustic mica]

At 2 p.m., we have toenail masks. At 3, fortunes with the spa guide. At 4, toenail art.
I come across the sentence and don’t know what does the phrase”fortunes with” mean. I have googled but found nothing.

Another sentence like it: A bar. They do terrible fortunes, but the people are fun.

[acoustic geyser]

Is * I'm reckoning of moving out * the same as * I'm thinking of moving out * or is it incorrect?

[boreal ingot]

To reckon means to count or to calculate:

1. I reckoned about 240 coins in that bag.
2. I reckoned its worth at 200 thousand dollars.

The above usages are formal. There is an informal sense of 'deduce/predict with high confidence (as by calculation, though not necessarily anymore)':

• I reckon it would sell for 300 pounds.
• I reckon he'll find her a hard nut to crack.

The way you've used it doesn't fall into the above senses and is incorrect.

[acoustic geyser]

I thought it was often used that way in England?

[boreal ingot]

Not that I'm aware

Others may know

[celest condor]

I think so also southern US

[lament locust]

eh? isnt it an alternative to "I think"?

or "Im guessing"

[boreal ingot]

You can look up the definition of the word lol

The informal meaning I gave is the one you're thinking of, maybe, but that isn't the same as 'think'. It's like 'predict'

[lament locust]

reckon
verb
us /ˈrek.ən/ uk /ˈrek.ən/
reckon verb (THINK)
Add to word list
B2 [ I ] informal
to think or believe:

[boreal ingot]

I reckon he'll be very mad when he sees this.
But 'think' can also be used for guesses/predictions, so it works in this context

[lament locust]

yeah the one you gave is just wrong. its not to count or calculate

wait lemme go back i may wrong

[lament locust]

theres 2 reckons

[lament locust]

1 is to think and the other is Uk

lemme send tye link where im getting at. can linsk be sent here?

[boreal ingot]

yeah

[lament locust]

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/reckon

either way looks like there is two reckons in two different use cases.

one is guessing, and the other is calculating

-"Reckon" can mean both to think or believe and to calculate an amount

[boreal ingot]

I would like to clarify that both 'think' and 'reckon' can mean 'predict/guess'. But there are meanings of 'think' that 'reckon' does not have. One of those is the meaning of 'consider':

I've been considering moving out. ✅
I've been thinking of moving out. ✅
I've been reckoning of moving out. ❌
As far as I'm aware, 'reckon' can't mean 'consider', while 'think' can

That's the meaning they were asking about originally

[lament locust]

that last one just sounds wrong.

[lament locust]

ah k

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, here is the question that started all this:

[plucky void]

Further, its grammatical use case within a sentence is not the same as either of its use cases just as Scella depicted.

[light sonnet]

One question is it that Duolingo is good for learning ?

[forest solar]

I suspect, they are telling fortunes, which is a way of passing the time while doing their beauty therapy. Telling fortunes is mystically predicting the future of a person. Typically just having a laugh.

[forest solar]

The first phrase is not well structured and not likely to be heard spoken. It would be more typical to hear it said as "I reckon I'll move out" (just plain present tense, not present continuous)

[forest solar]

yes.

[forest solar]

When the person used 'reckon' they are basically saying, I have run some ideas and maybe thought about outcomes, and come to a conclusion based on what I have thought. (to move out). Its used in informal conversation and the thinking and calculating that may have gone into the decision may be based on a 1 second passing moment, not necessarily a comprehensive scientific calculation, rather a fleeting thought over a sip of beer.

[forest solar]

If you can't get real life practice on a daily basis, then these type of apps can give you a daily dose of practice, but you would be best using it in conjunction with other material, videos, books, grammar texts etc, or you may end up progressing slower than you want or should be.

I would usually use the statement if the price was too high, and take the product without comment if too low.

[stoic mauve]

Are there real natives in the chat right now that can answer a question?

[surreal coral]

i'm aware that i'm not a native , but i'll try to assist you !!

[limber parrot]

idk if you're online, but yes

[boreal ingot]

When people say 'work in progress', are they thinking of 'work' as meaning 'piece/work of art' or as meaning 'labour'? I can see either one working when an artist labels a drawing as 'wip' in a post. In one sense, it can be like saying 'art is under way/artwork is progressing towards a state of completion'. However, 'work is in progress' can mean 'work (on the art) is currently happening', sort of like saying 'labour is under way and the drawing shall soon be complete (cuz, again, labour/work is happening)'. Which one is it?

[agile crow]

The "work" part of "work in progress" usually refers to the thing being worked on. @boreal ingot (but not necessarily)

[celest condor]

I'm half guessing here. I think this phrase works as double speak and has elements of both. I would put it closer to labor. The message it's communicating is that the labour is in process, the labour process has an end, and the work itself (the art) cannot be accessed until it's finished.
"work (on the art) is currently happening" is accurate, but may miss the meaning that it cannot be accessed yet, and that there is an end goal.
Without going into semantic spaghetti, any piece of work (noun) requires work (verb: change in position or state) to be completed, so these two concepts are joined pretty tightly.

[agile crow]

I've been writing this book for years, off and on, and it's still a work in progress. <-- work is the book

There's a construction site across the street, and there is work in progress <-- work is the labor performed by the construction crew

[bitter hill]

Partially finished goods still in the manufacturing process 😂

[surreal coral]

i think we can also say instead of "process" , "operation" !

[boreal ingot]

@celest condor @agile crow @bitter hill Thank you three dearly

[young hinge]

In the digitalization age, when a screen take account for most, the value of reading books likely seem spur. However, the immerse of paper book pages or even an is e-books still bring numerous benefits that not replace, nurturing deepen human intelligent and the soul.
Firstly, reading books expands our knowledges and perspectives. Each book is a repository of information, from history, science, psychology to culture and society. Through books, we can travel to far places, explore the ancient cultures, or understand the complex idea that can not step out of the house.
Secondly, reading books help develop critical thinking, and analyzing ability. When reading books, we not only accept information but also have to thinking, evaluating, and connecting ideas. It train the brain more versatile and sharpen, help us realize problem from multiple perspectives and make an inform decision.
Furthermore, reading books is not only a habit but also an investment for yourself. It not just provide information but also sharping character, honing minds and enriching our life.
-> Can someone correct me, please?

[boreal ingot]

Goodness, many mistakes:

In the digital age, when a screen accounts for most of our time, the value of reading books likely seems sparse. However, immersion in the pages of a book or even in an e-book still brings numerous benefits that cannot be replaced, nurturing and deepening the human intelligence and soul.

Firstly, reading books expands our knowledge and perspectives. Each book is a repository of information, from history, science, and psychology to culture and society. Through books, we can travel to far places, explore ancient cultures, and understand complex ideas without having to step out of our houses.

Secondly, reading books helps develop critical thinking and analytical abilities. When reading books, we not only receive information**,** but also have to think, evaluate, and connect ideas. It trains the brain to be more versatile and sharpens it, and it helps us see problems from multiple perspectives and make an informed decision.

Furthermore, reading books is not only a habit**,** but also an investment for yourself. It doesn't just provide you with information**; it also sharpens your** character, honing your mind and enriching your life.

Note: while I'm guessing you meant 'sparse' when you said 'spur' in the first line, 'sparse' itself doesn't quite work there. I'd replace it with 'diminished' or 'to lessen'.

@young hinge

[slow saffron]

hi guys so um what does "seminar" means?

[rose tartan]

Hi everyone, I’m trying to understand some details about the “th” sounds in connected speech.
Sometimes I hear /θ/ or /ð/ sounding more like t or d, for example in “something” (it sounds like “somethin” or “somptin”). Is that just casual speech or a normal reduction?
When th comes after s or z, it feels almost invisible, like in “was that” or “is this”. Do natives really pronounce the “th” there, or does it just blend?
After d or t, like in “get the” or “had the”, it seems to merge with those sounds. Is it more like a quick stop than a separate “th”?
With n + the, like in “in the” or “on the”, I often hear it reduced to a schwa, almost like “inna” or “onna”. Is that a common thing?
I’d love to know if these are real reductions that natives use every day, or if I’m just mishearing. Any extra examples would help a lot!

[young hinge]

oh my god. Thanh you so much

[boreal ingot]

/θ/ -> [t̪]/[t] and /ð/ -> [d̪]/[d] (known as th-stopping) are pretty common informally. They are a feature of fast casual speech, mainly. Some accents have them always, though (Like in Irish accnts). You can read more about this in the linked wiki article.

The th sound assimilate in both place and manner of articulation when after mainly /n/, /d/, /t/, and /z/.
/n/, /d/, and /t/ become dental (pronounced with the tongue agianst the teeth) and geminated (long). Check this.

1. In the -> inne (not with normal n, but with n that has the tongue against the teeth).
2. With that widdat (first th [in 'with'] becomes [d̪], then the th after it assimlates to it and also become [d̪]).
3. it then -> itten (dental t, /ð/ -> [t̪])
4. Geminated dental d [long d with tongue against the teeth]]).
   Was this -> wazzis (/ð/ -> [z], so two [z] next to eachother is just a geminated [z]).
   etc.

It's very common for th sounds to assimilate like this ^ and not particularly informal

Here is a little clip where I try to implement as many of these as I can:

Normally natives would just go with what feels right, not force every single possible one

Alright so, it then (1) did that (2) in the (3) quickest way possible, and then (4) it thought (5) to escape, making us say, upon its leaving, 'What was that? (6)'.

[late sail]

What's the difference of make visits and pay visits? And which of them is more suitable for a sentence like this "The minister..... in London".

[young hinge]

how to apply grammar into essay, dear teacher?

I am trying to learn grammar but it doesnt work

I don't know how to apply in essay

[rose tartan]

Thanks a bunch 😊🙏🏽
Is it normal to use in standard English like interviews or anything that requires formal English?

[forest solar]

omg, I could barely understand any of that except the last three words. English is tough.

[boreal ingot]

I mean, people wouldn't really connect everything like this normally. They'd just say it in the way that is natural for them, but this was a demonstarion of how the th sounds can merge with a bunch of other sounds

[forest solar]

I'll start with "somethin". Missing the g is heard in some versions of English and is not uncommon. Somptin -> the p may be in some peoples pronunciation, but the t is always th, so sompthin is a possibility.

For the rest of the examples, I think the issue is that fluent people do pronounce the 'th' in each of these word combinations, but the sound is difficult for a microphone to pick up or for it to be perceived by a listener in quick speech, but the person making the sound will generally hear it themselves as they make the sound. Because its a soft sound words might sound like they run together without the 'th' sound' but it is there. Best if you practice all words with the 'th' always. Similarly its always best to learn to pronounce the words correctly and use them as originally defined, rather than trying to learn slang or local accents, which rarely work, because you are using them in the incorrect region of the planet, or the people you need to communicate with won't understand, or worse will look down on your poor use of English (job related, for example).

[boreal ingot]

It's just natural shortcuts people take when speaking. Nothing particularly informal about them. It's just easier to pronounce them that way for natives. In very careful speech (like in a speech or class) you wouldn't do this, but generally it's okay

[forest solar]

Is that what you said in the clip?

yes

tongue twister

That is how I would say that

That man said, that that that that that man had written was wrong

[boreal ingot]

Yup. I was demonstrating the fact th is often merged with other sounds. Like when 'did that' is said as 'diddat'. This would be represented thus in the IPA: [did̪ːæʔ]. In reality, you're not really pronouncing the th at all; you're turning it into a dental d. This isn't how you think of it as a native, cuz that's just a shortcut you naturally take, but it is how it's often realised (when not spoken carefully). The learner was asking about these instances of th changing based on the surrounding sounds, which is quite common. Check out the 'assimilation' section of this Wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_of_English_⟨th⟩#Assimilation

[forest solar]

(I was going to post the examples) anyways.

[forest solar]

Indeed. But it should also be said that there are many voices speaking English and we all hear them and can generally understand all of them, but we all speak our own way, and those voices range from slow and clear to fast and conjoined, or anywhere in between.

[boreal ingot]

That is 100% true, yeah. I generally don't speak so quickly, so recording that example was quite the challenge

[forest solar]

May I use some English English here with you?

[boreal ingot]

Sure thing

[forest solar]

Your voice and mine, are like my ||bollocks|| after my skiing accident. They are two completely different things.

(jk)

[boreal ingot]

😭 Yeah, never the twain shall meet. They're as different as any two could be

[late sail]

?

[severe arch]

Hello, guys. What's the difference between 'on my own' and 'by myself'?

[daring river]

İdk

[signal shell]

It seems that they may be interchangeably in some circumstances. However, not always. "On my own" often implies some degree of independence, without the aid or support of others. "By myself" often implies solitude or without the company of others.

Does this make sense?

[forest solar]

I pretty much agree with Ross. I've run through a few uses I could think of, and both would be interchangeable for each scenario I could think of. I've used both in the past, and while there may be some subtle definition or derivative, I don't think it's worth mentioning. Use whatever comes to mind at the time you want to convey that message.

[forest solar]

I feel the form 'pay a visit' is used when one wished to say they will drop in quickly or make a detour to visit something or someone. This could be an unexpected, or an opportunity visit.

When one plans to visit a place, like including it on a European tour, it is usually referred to as "I will visit London on my trip" without the 'pay a' inclusion. I will visit..., I plan to visit....

However I can't recall anyone ever saying 'make a visit to...' so don't use this form.

@late sail

[severe arch]

@forest solar @signal shell Thank you for your replies.

[boreal ingot]

It seems fairly in use

[forest solar]

None of those make any sense. I still feel I would never hear anyone say that or any of thos examples

It must be some regional usage

UK?

Look at those references. They are newspaper excerpts

It may be a form of writing

[boreal ingot]

Some people seem not to mind it (imgs 1-3), others, like you, do mind it (4-5), but it's certainly not entirely incorrect. It has some appreciable presence in the English language (6-8). 'Pay' is certainly more common, though (6-8).

To me they generally mean the same thing, but there could be a slight difference I suppose

@late sail, they both are in use but 'pay' is much commoner than 'make' in this case

they both imply the visit is short and/or unplanned

[forest solar]

I think the usage graph says it all.

I personally just use the verb form. I'll visit London, I will visit Japan next year. I visited granma yesterday

[late sail]

@forest solar @boreal ingot Thanks a lot.

[wicked pivot]

Hm

[flat rune]

Hi , is it correct to use burger and fries is my favorite food or are my favourite food? I am practicing grammar and facing a lot of difficulty in this particular rule

[tidal lily]

Are

If you have two subjects then use are

[flat rune]

but arent the 2 subjects sharing the same idea ?

[boreal ingot]

You can use 'is'

But I'd say 'meal' not 'food'

You're right that we use singular verbs when we regard two things as closely connected/one idea

[forest solar]

'are' should be used in your example, and as described by Choco. However if the two or more separate items form a singular item, then 'Is' should be used. The difficulty is then to recognise when you are speaking of a singular item. An example of this would be when you are reading this from a menu and one choice is "Burger and fries' . A normal order is 'I'll have the burger and fries', but to show the example, you can say 'burger and fries is my selection'. because we are speaking about the '(burger and fries) menu line item' as the noun, and it is a singular so uses 'is' . You may come across this situation when reading texts or manuals, when a paragraph title is being referred to in its entirety as a paragraph 'item' rather than referring to the words that form that title or heading.

If you are referring to the items in the title/message, then use 'are' if there are more than 1, but if you are referring to the message or title itself, (and only one message/title) then the 'is' is used.

[flat rune]

Thankyou

[flat rune]

Hello

[robust rock]

hello if anyone interested in practicing contact me

[hard agate]

hello there

[lament agate]

If i said to somebody that they deserved better
Would that be considered an advice?

[daring cipher]

Where is that practice section for words and idioms,? anyone pls tell me

[shell raven]

It's a statement of support and empathy

[lament agate]

@flat rune

See

[acoustic geyser]

which dictionary is better?

Oxford or Cambridge

[forest solar]

Hi. Here is another example I just found while reading a medical study today. The original text is as follows:

"In the study, of 700 subjects 10 to 76 years of age, 79% were White, 21% were Black, and 1% were Asian. "

In this example the plural past form of the verb is being used, as it is referring to the individuals (the people) within each group. You can see in the last category, that even though 1% is used, it is still using the plural form. However if instead of referring to the people in each category of the study, we refer to the categories as parts of the sample instead, then we can say we have 3 parts of the sample. Each part can then be referred to singularly as:

"In the study, of 700 subjects 10 to 76 years of age, 79% (of the sample) was White, 21% was Black, and 1% was Asian. "

There is no change in any part of the sentence that forces the sentence to be treated one way or the other, except for how the writer was thinking at the time. When the reader, reads this as sees a plural form, it is then up to the reader to understand the writer is speaking of the individuals in the categories. When the reader sees the singular form, it is then up to the reader to interpret that the writer was referring to the categories.

As a writer (you), it is therefore your choice, but you need to be consistent throughout the list. Use the plural form for the category contents, or use the singular form if referring to the categories themselves.

🧜‍♀️

[forest solar]

Yes. I would consider that advice.

[forest solar]

https://discord.com/channels/801609515391778826/1042403091850473483

https://discord.com/channels/801609515391778826/1128259000086052946

[boreal ingot]

It depends on the context. If you're telling them that they deserve better as a way to urge them to go find better, then it's advice:

You deserve better, girl. Leave those 'friends'.

If you're saying it as an expression of your empathy, then it's just a supportive statement:

I can't believe they would pay you so little. You deserve better, girl!

[lament agate]

I see, thank you very much

[forest solar]

Both are good dictionaries for English English

Merriam Webster for US English

[shell raven]

I think they're both great. Google search uses the Oxford Dictionary to define words. If you try searching on Google and then highlight a word, a "Define" option will pop up.

For more information, you can check here:
https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/

[strange sinew]

Perhaps a bit caught up in semantics, but I might consider advice something that leads to, furthers, or seeks to concretize a goal or outcome. If one said,

"You should leave him; you deserve better."
I would only consider the first clause to be advice, seeing as it's the clause that provides that deontic flavor and can rightly have an ("or else [x]") added on, whereas with the second clause, neither of the aforementioned things are really true of it.

[flat rune]

Hi! I have a learning routine for English where I try to do these 7 activities every day: listening (30 min), reading (30 min), writing (10 min), vocabulary (20 min), grammar (10 min), pronunciation (10 min), and speaking (10 min). In total, that’s 2 hours a day.

The problem is, I don’t really know what exactly I should do in each part. I feel like just following this routine every day doesn’t help me see real progress. I also find it hard to plan my learning for a day because I don’t know what resources to use. It’s hard to focus when it feels like I’m not really improving. I don’t like boring lessons; I want to feel that I’m truly learning something.And I also need to learn British English not American or other, I know that they share a lot of the same words, but it makes it harder to find resources.I also feel that when I write or speak in English ,I only use simple , really boring and always the same words , I want to sound a bit more advanced, but not overdo it. Incidentally I have written this with using chat gbt, I write this only to mark that it's not my own English writing skills.I need a strong English learning plan, because when I don't have it, I don't know what completely do, and then even when I've realised my English language for some day, I feel that I I didn't do anything

[forest solar]

UK and US English are basically the same, apart from spelling for certain parts of some words (z vs s) for the majority and things like (er vs re) for some other words. Also the accent is the biggest difference when spoken, and spelling doesn't make much impact when spoken or listened to.

I understand the difficulty of using the same simple vocabulary when practicing. You need to pick a scenario each day or few days and learn some new words that fit that scene. For example, going shopping for clothes, or working on a construction site. But pick things you do in your life. Especially learn the vocabulary of your trade, profession or career path.

Join the voice chats and practice listening, and also introducing the others to your topic of interest and talk about it, and use your words.

There is nothing wrong with using your faithfull common phrases over and over, but try and one or two each day. Listen to others, and if you hear something you could use, write in down or type it into a phone list so you can read through it each day. I used to keep a list of 'power words' which were interesting phrases or words, and tried to find points in my day when I could throw then into the conversation. Just as regular English speakers, my friend and I at work would pick a strange word before attending a meeting, and see how many times we could use that word. And the words were not something one would typically hear in a business meeting, so for example 'Giraffe' would be hard to sneak into the discussion, but we would do it, and the harder thing was we both had to use the word and use it multiple time. If you try this during your practice conversations it will make you think hard. Pick a few words that are off topic, and try and put them into the conversation when in a VC. Its a good exercise.

[flat rune]

Thanks 😊

[rapid bison]

cambrige,,,

a rare counterexample being https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/

[flat rune]

Any book recommendations please
Novels or something like that

[dire kernel]

You can read Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Or Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle

[flat rune]

Thanks 🌹

[boreal ingot]

Hello, how common is it to use 'what' as a relative pronoun like 'which' and 'who'? And where is it done?

Now, I knew that them two houses in Lauriston Gardens was empty on account of him that owns them who won't have the drains seen to, though the very last tenant what lived in one of them died o' typhoid fever.
^ (Book) A Study in Scarlet by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

So he built these wonderful automaton blokes and a very big steam[-]powered giraffe what smokes.
^ (Song) Brass Goggles by Steam Powered Giraffe

[signal shell]

I've never actually seen it used this way. The examples you found do strike me as odd, but perhaps I can shrug it off as an older usage that we just don't utilise anymore. But maybe I could look into it more.

[boreal ingot]

Oh, I guess you can't tell me much about where it's used, then, but I suppose it's good to know it's uncommon and maybe old-fashioned

[dense oasis]

can not talk about how common it is, because I have no clue, seems very very rare to me personally. But this exact thing reminds me of polish, which is also Indo-European, the same broader language family, and it has this behaviour

it is used to replace which/who and to sound kinda more informal than them/show disrespect towards the described thing

this is the mechanic in polish, I can not really say whether or not this would make sense in english

"The last tenant what lived..."
"Ostatni najemca co żył..."
English what and Polish co are the same thing in this context

and the polish sentence sounds as if someone purposefully used "what" instead of "who" to sound more informal and perhaps show some disrespect

@signal shell commented that in English this just looks odd, but in Polish in my case this is used commonly to imply such things (informality, disrespect)

so maybe English also used to behave this way

Maybe... doesn't have to be the case cuz these languages are not closely related anyway

[dense oasis]

I'd give an example from german but my german proficiency is not high enough for me to just comment on such implications

[bitter hill]

https://www.arrantpedantry.com/2012/08/29/relative-what/#:~:text=Other interrogatives became pressed into,in the Midland and South.

Seems to be for the most part archaic

https://varieng.helsinki.fi/series/volumes/04/chapter7_5.html

There are sociolects that relax this rule, but they are stigmatized.
https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/530068/can-we-use-what-as-a-relative-pronoun-in-formal-english

Rip John Lawler 😭

[celest condor]

I've never seen a modern case, but I know it's worked it's way into some small local dialects that develop their own slang. Usually more rural farming towns. My theory is that's it's a slang contraction of "which" and "that" in situations where both can be correct

[boreal ingot]

Interesting, the comments under that post (blog post?) mention it as being used in informal British English, particularly Cockney

I'll keep this in mind if ever I should write a British chav sort of character

[boreal ingot]

Thank you for this source; I'll get around to reading it later 💜

(meant to reply to the message right abive that one, ops)

[clear berry]

Is it really true "making positive influence on others" is better than "creating positive influence on others"?

[dense oasis]

the most frequent usage is having positive influence on others

[clear berry]

But.... it's not there....to answer...

[bitter hill]

https://www.reddit.com/r/SPG/s/XSvKEWmprl

[boreal ingot]

you make a positive impression but are or have a positive influence

Hey, American English speakers, would you say 'I was admitted into casualty' meaning you were put in the emergency department of a hospital? I hear 'casualty' in this sense is British, so I want to know how Americans feel about it

I'm also curious how you would feel about 'accident and emergency' (for the same meaning) as in:

The patient is followed from prehospital care (air ambulance) to resuscitation in accident and emergency and through the first stages of reconstructive surgery.

---

Facial gunshot injuries are rare in the UK, which dilutes expertise and makes their management more challenging.

What do they mean by 'dilutes expertise'?

[trail slate]

What does it mean?
"i wont pull what he did"

[bitter hill]

Wiktionary:

To do or perform, especially something seen as negative by the speaker.

Simply saying "I will not do the same thing that he did"

[bitter hill]

Basically, because gunshot injuries are rare, the corresponding expertise for those injuries is also rare/sparse/diluted

[boreal ingot]

thank youuu

you're american, right? Would you please comment on the question before that one? Jus mainly 1. does either feel odd? 2. Would the avrg Amerincan understand both? 3. Would any American use them?

[bitter hill]

People say ER (emergency room) for emergency department

[boreal ingot]

Understood, thank you 💜

[bitter hill]

Sounds weird

We also don't say 'in hospital'

To my knowledge

[boreal ingot]

oh ye, of the latter point I was aware

thank you for confirming it's odd to Americans

I guess lastly I'd like to know if you'd understand it were you to hear it in the wild, or if you'd ask the speaker to clarify

[bitter hill]

Would probably need clarification for those

[boreal ingot]

Thank you so muchh

[celest condor]

I've seen emergency room, ER, urgent care, or ED. I know casualty to mean death. Your second example I could figure out what you mean, but I'm not familiar with the phrase.

[forest solar]

That's old cockney style poor English. Still can be heard in England by the 'roughians'. But I wouldn't recommend picking it up or even speaking it in jest, if you are trying to learn English, proper, what.

[boreal ingot]

Thank youuu

[forest solar]

Now I read this, but confirms...

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, understood

thank you

[forest solar]

There are few experts in the country due to the low incidence, and so if they exist, they will be spread far apart (diluted accros the country). In USA there would be more victims, therefor more doctors with experience, and so more of a concentration.

[boreal ingot]

Oh, now that it's been explained as 'diluted accros the country', it makes a lot more intuitive sense than it did before! Thank you so much

[flat rune]

I've ever heard if we say number one, we can't say "number one" only, but it should be "it's number one". Could you please help me why and the valid resource for the explanation?

if there is an analogy to teach my 6y.o nieces, please help as well

[bitter hill]

Is there some sort of context or...

[thorny oyster]

Does American join here?

[boreal ingot]

I find the way in which he said 'vision' quite queer. To my understanding, that ought to be a schwa, /ə/, yet he much too clearly pronounces it as strut, /ʌ/ (as in 'dull')

What is there to be made of this pronunciation? Is it regional? Old-fashioned, perhaps?

[lilac ether]

https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=x5kooKVN9Vs&si=qhAzcdJ3Pl1YM6Yb

I couldnt understand the first talk at the start bc he talked so fast can someone explain it

[boreal ingot]

He said:

[crowd cheering]
Thank you so much, thank ya. This next song.. is about, uh, just going through- [sigh] going through life and becoming numb to it all, just going through so much that you just shut down and you become numb, and you're no longer angry or depressed or anxious or anything like that; you're just numb to everything. It's called I'm Still Fine. I hope you all like it.
[crowd cheering]
[song start]

[neat bone]

"Upon conclusion of the Purchase Agreement, the Supplier
waives the application of its own general terms and conditions
(if any)."

Can anybody explain the meaning of this phrase?

[signal shell]

Yeah I think this person is trying to sound old-fashioned and also dramatising his accent. I don't know if this word was ever pronounced in such a fashion, but he may have his own mental theory about how the schwa and strut are related and just made the substitution to have the effect he wanted.

https://www.englishspeechservices.com/blog/strut-ʌ-schwa-ə-and-american-english/

[neat bone]

Can anybody answer this?

[forest solar]

The most common reference I know of for "Number one" is referencing yourself, and its part of the idiom "Look after number one" meaning look after yourself, usually in conjunction with first. "You've got to look after number one first". It can be in reference to safety or just generally where there is a crowd and you are being a little impolite in your behaviour. Like grabbing 2 or 3 of the best dessert dishes at a restaurant buffet, or jumping into a lifeboat after a sinking ship before letting the children in. It typically used as an excuse for being selfish, be it justified, jokingly or plain selfish.

[teal sonnet]

It means that after purchasing something the “supplier” gives up the right to use their own terms and conditions. I can explain further if you need. Hope this helps. My general take away is that whoever the supplier is can’t try to enforce their own terms and conditions, they yield to the others

[forest solar]

This is Kenneth Williams, an actor through the 50s - 80s who used this voice a lot. In this extract he talks about the voice type and why/how he acquired/had it. I believe its 'gay' cockney. Potentially something you would hear in British theatre of that time also.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbEWR9__qU4

[neat bone]

The word conclusion in this context throws me off

[teal sonnet]

Ah. It means at the end of the purchase agreement. So probably a box to check at the end, implied by scrolling to the bottom, or by completing the purchase.

[neat bone]

So does this mean after the expiration of the purchase agreement the supplier gives up the rights

As a supplier do I have the right to apply my own terms during this agreement?

[teal sonnet]

By agreeing to the purchase agreement you give up your rights to have your own terms and conditions. As far as I can tell it’s during the full duration of the agreement or permanently.

[neat bone]

Alright, that's exactly the answer I was looking for

Thank you very much

[teal sonnet]

Sorry I did not get your answer immediately. Hope I helped!

[forest solar]

I suspect it means on the finish of writing the agreement and signing it between the purchaser and supplier, the terms of that agreement take effect, and the standard terms and conditions the supplier would normally have are no longer enforceable.

(a little too slow typing)

[languid silo]

I have a question, how do you actually have a fluent accent of english? im still trying to be fluently in english but i dont know where to start.

[forest solar]

Fluency is just speaking correctly and knowing the vocabulary when you need it. The accent comes from living in a location and picking up that area's pronunciation of those words. You really need to live somewhere, to start picking up those accents. The general accent you hear (US/UK/AUS) is a blend of many accents and a learned appreciation for where a sound comes from.

[boreal ingot]

I mean, I watched Dr Lindsey's video about the schwa-strut merger. Normally Strut becomes Schwa, not the other way around (which is what has happened here). I suppose in an unlearned affectation one wouldn't take care to lack this merger properly and would just throw in Strut wheresoever they thought sounded fancy

[boreal ingot]

Whilst I quite love this accent this fellow has got, I can't quite see how it relates to the pronunciation of the word 'vision' in the clip I sent. They both share in being a wee flamboyant in manner and fairly British in sound, I suppose, but, beyond that, I cannot see a link

[forest solar]

Its the flamboyance That has been added for theatrical enhancement, but unlikely to have been used without the excitement.

[signal shell]

Yeah that's basically the idea I'm thinking. Just trying to sound fancy by working the merger in reverse wherever they see fit

[boreal ingot]

Hello, humans. What does 'dispense' mean here? It sounds like he's saying she couldn't deal with so short a time, but I don't think 'dispense' can mean 'deal/manage'. Please help

[teal sonnet]

I believe it means that he could not “give up” or “distribute” time from his schedule because there wasn’t enough time to react to the invitation. In short the knight could not give up/dispense the time because of the short notice.

[signal shell]

I believe it means to "make an allowance" or to "grant an exemption"

It's archaic now though

[teal terrace]

This is archaic English (dispence). Nowadays dispense means to distribute, before it meant something like "to excuse oneself"

[forest solar]

The Lady was invited that eveening, to come and dine with the Knight. She refused his sudden invite with disdain, and returned his message again, because with so short notice, she could not prepare(dispense).

[hybrid cobalt]

Hi , is there someone here who achieved a C1 English level with a certificate? I want to ask something related to vocabulary.

[agile crow]

I think the jist of it is this: a scornful lady was invited to dine the next day. Since this was before email, by the time she received and sent a reply, she could not "dispence" (manage it), because that day is now 12 months hence (next year).

[summer isle]

Does anyone know what is different between mixed 1 conditional and mixed 2 conditional?
I'm so confused.
I have been trying to understand for 5 days

[boreal ingot]

Honestly, these replies, while appreciated, are all over the place. I have no idea which could be right (although I'm less inclined to believe the word of those who've misinterpreted the epigram).

@signal shell's answer leaves me wondering whom is being, and wherefrom they are being, expemted. I also can't find 'dispense' really listed as meaning 'exempt' anywhere, except maybe in the phrase 'dispense with [x]' (meaning 'do without [x]'). But that would mean she couldn't do without so little time, which doesn't make much sense.

@teal sonnet's answer misinterprets the epigram as the knight being who has to go over to dine, so it starts off shaky, but, while that may be the case, 'dispensing' time as in 'giving it up' or 'distributing it' would make a lot of sense. Except, it seems not to have been said that she's dispensing 'time' in particular

Since with so short time she could not dispense,
To me, 'with so short time' means 'having so little time (to do the dispensing)', not 'dispense with [so short a time]'.
If 'dispense' really means 'give up', there, it would follow to ask 'give up what'? I can see that being an elision of the wiord 'time', so to that theory I would ask this: is 'time' elided from the following for metric reasons?
Since with so short time she could not dispense [the time [to come over and dine]],
Since[,] [having] so short [notice/time][,] she could not [give up/spare] [the time [to come over and dine]],

@teal terrace's answer doesn't really make sense, given 1. she has already excused, so it wouldn't make sense to say that 'with so short time she could not [excuse herself]', and 2. no citation for the 'excuse' meaning has been given. (That you answered at all is appreciated, however.)

@forest solar, I understood the overall meaning of the epigram, but thank you for confirming my understanding of the first part. However, do any dictionaries list a meaning of 'prepare' for 'dispense'? I've not been able to find such a meaning.

@agile crow, I don't think 12 months had passed since the message was sent, to be honest (this is supported by his having invited her 'ouer night', meaning she got the message by morning). She refused him, so to her (in the text it's said as 'to whom', referring to the 'scornful dame') he returned a message, whose content was 'Since with so short time you can't dispense, please come upon this same day 12 months from now'. That is my understanding. I do find you agree with my initial assessment of 'manage' as the meaning of 'dispense'. My initial thought was that she couldn't manage/deal with having so little time 'till it was the time to go dine with the fellow (that same evening), so she sent him a refusal. But I couldn't find any dictionaries listing 'dispense' as meaning 'manage', wheresoever I looked.

Either way, whether you choose to further expound upon your points or support them with citations or to leave this conversation, your answers are appreciated.

[signal shell]

Can we rephrase it like this, "since she could not dispense with so short time"? Would this help to make sense of it?

Maybe it means that she couldn't fit him into her busy schedule on such short notice

The wait list is twelve months

Or... Maybe having an overnight notice isn't sufficient time for her to make the journey herself, like this isn't enough time to find a suitable babysitter for the kids

[agile crow]

I think it's meant to be a humorous rejection. She can't possibly manage it, because that day has passed. She could have gone if she wanted to; instead, she sent a message saying that she can't manage it, because that day has passed (and the next occurrence will be 12 months from now) knowing that that will be true by the time the knight receives the reply. But, it's just a guess from this modern english speaker trying to parse an amusing old timey poem. I'm certainly not going to extensively research it or provide citations, so feel free to dispense with my take on it

[signal shell]

Yeah, like, "try again next year, buddy"

[boreal ingot]

I mean, I think this doesn't make sense. When you dispense with something, you don't use it, you do fine without it. When you can't dispense with something, then you need it, you are not okay without it.
She's not okay without so short time? That does not make sense, as I'm reading it.

[signal shell]

No, like, she needed that time for something else that was already planned. Her other plans couldn't be dispensed with on this short notice.

[boreal ingot]

So you're going with the 'elided word' theory, but instead of the elided word being 'time', it's 'plans'?

That's something I didn't consider

[signal shell]

I suppose that's a way of looking at it

[boreal ingot]

1. Having so little time, she couldn't dispense time [to go over]
2. Having so little time, she couldn't dispense with her other plans [and go over]

I feel the second works less tbh

I'm paraphrasing 'with' as 'having'

So the second would need the original to have had two withs

Since with so little time she could not dispense with [her plans]

@signal shell or do you think that only saying

Dispense her plans
Would work?

If that is an option, it would greatly strengthen that theory, I suppose

[agile crow]

Have you looked in wiktionary? "To apply, as laws to particular cases; to administer; to execute; to manage; to direct. quotations ▼to dispense justice"

[boreal ingot]

Oh, I mean, that definition only has examples with 'dispense justice', but it does say 'manage' so maybe

If the word can mean manage then yeah I'd count the problem solved

I'd have wished for it to be a wee more conclusive, but eh, this works well enough

[agile crow]

It probably was used that way more often in the old days

Who knows for sure, though

[flat rune]

yo

[signal shell]

Hmm, no I think some sort of proposition is required here. Dispense with or dispense of.

I was hoping your linguistically inclined brain would settle on a solution without me having to do all that work tbh.

I don't really have a phrasing figured out on this idea just yet

[boreal ingot]

Hmm

I've got this to share @signal shell

Middle English dictionary

That was probably written 200 years before the epigram I shared

Dispense there is also used without an object

It just seems to mean 'give out (something good/beneficial)

I believe that God dispenses.

[signal shell]

I see

Very good

[bitter hill]

Could mean 'to manage'

[boreal ingot]

Maybe he's saying she couldn't bestow aught upon him with so little time to do so

[boreal ingot]

Does any place list it as meaning thaat! It's so logical yet I can't find evidence of such a meaning

[bitter hill]

From the Latin meaning

https://latinlexicon.org/definition.php?p1=1004827&p2=d

[boreal ingot]

Oo

In the 1600s they were fond of Latin, I mean

And the author of the epigram seems a learned man

Goodness, I didn't think I'd ever find a source for the manage meaning

[bitter hill]

Considering the top is a Latin phrase i wouldn't be surprised

[boreal ingot]

Thank you Akumaa 💜 You always are a saving grace when I've given up hope of a question being solved

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, the title is in Latin, that went over my head

[bitter hill]

Your understanding should be correct

1. A knight invited a Dame for dinner the next day
2. She refused the invitation with disdain (and presumably the reason she gave is that she couldn't come on such short notice)
3. She received another message in response to that rejection, asking her to come on the same day one year later (knight is very petty)

[agile crow]

Yep, I think this is the actual meaning now. Nicely done.

[teal terrace]

The line:
Since with so short time she could not dispence,

means roughly:

Since she could not excuse herself with so little notice
or
Since she could not make do with so short a time (of warning).

In other words, the lady refused the knight’s invitation because it came too suddenly, and she could not reasonably accommodate it on such short notice.

In this case, excuse means:

to allow oneself not to follow a rule or obligation;

to release oneself from a requirement.

[teal terrace]

It's basically like: she could not make an exception for herself with so little time.

[lusty shore]

I heard that you gotta be an old guy to say "when I was young"... is that true?

Is it awkward for young people(around 18) to say that?

[teal terrace]

Not for me, no

Actually...I think it's better to say "when I was younger" because 18 is still considered young.

[agile crow]

They might be talking about when they were children. It is kind of amusing to old people like me when teenagers say that, though.

[lusty shore]

Ok

Thank you guys

[boreal ingot]

As a teenager, I opt for 'when I was little' or 'when I was very little' for that exact reason 😅

[agile crow]

You're a teenager? Amazing

[boreal ingot]

Oh, yeah, I'm [redacted]

[agile crow]

Wow. You seem extremely mature for your age.

[boreal ingot]

Oh, thank you!

[slim spear]

Anyone can tell me your experience learning another language and what was the strategy who made you a better speaker in that language?

[acoustic geyser]

whats different between this?

The continuous infinitive refers to the same time as that of the preceding verb and expresses an action in progress or happening over a period of time:

The perfect continuous infinitive refers to a time before that of the preceding verb and expresses an action in progress or happening over a period of time:

[teal terrace]

Basically, the Continuous Infinitive (to be + ing) means the action was going on at the same time as the other verb.
Ex: He seemed to be sleeping (while I looked at him, the sleeping was happening right then.

On the other hand, the Perfect continuous infinitive(to have been + ing) means the action had been going on before the other verb.
Ex: He seemed to have been sleeping (before I looked at him, he had already been sleeping for a while, and I could tell from his messy hair, etc.).

[forest solar]

I always say "When I was little". And I still refer to friends of my grown kids, as "Your little friends" (Are you having your little friends over today). I would recommend saying it with an old person's voice for impact if you are doing it at 18. I think its an ageless comeback, unless you're 5.

Use of young doesn't have the same impact, cause it may be interpreted as something you are seriously speaking about.

[forest solar]

Agreed (Now that I've reached this point in the posts)

[boreal ingot]

Unless my 5 what

(sorry, I had to point out the 'your' 😔)

[forest solar]

I learned French in school. Marks got lower each year I did it. Never had any opportunities to use it, not that I wanted to. 14 years later I got to use it full on in Europe. Random trips in french speaking countries, then about a year of constant use with a friend over there. I started to remember all of it quite quickly and improved on it because I was basically having to speak it constantly, and reading signs and labels in my daily activities. I can also say that I start to actually learn and remember languages once I go to countries, reading signs, labels and using the language in the context of the situations I am in every 15 minutes of the day. My Japanese is bad at home, and almost none existent, but When I am in Japan, it starts to get used and improves daily. I went to Vietnam in December and had only learned Vietnamese for about 3 months prior to the trip (count to 10, left,right, straight ahead, yes,no, thanks). But in the 2 weeks I was there I started to know /learn the common signs, and picked up a bunch of extra phrases that I was abole to use every day. So I guesss the main answer is, go to the places where the language is spoken and it will improve quickly when forced to use it.

[forest solar]

What about it?

my your?

[boreal ingot]

I think its an ageless comeback, unless your [sic] 5.

Just silly pedantry on my part

[forest solar]

Oh that one. I missed it

💀

2 of 3 ain't bad

[forest solar]

Its my bug bear as well. Criticism accepted

Not acceptable in English Hub. Ban me

[boreal ingot]

To the gallows with you who cannot abide by grammatical propriety

[forest solar]

🦐

[lusty shore]

Impressive

[unkempt badger]

Hey. I’m british and a teacher in training for English so if anyone has any questions or needs some help just add me or text me or smth since I have work soon and won’t see any messages for a few hours. Always happy to help anyone:)

[slim spear]

Thanks for yours tips

[acoustic geyser]

hello

[forest solar]

Hello to you too

[acoustic geyser]

I see that we can use will and present simple to talk about what is true, what is different about it\

[forest solar]

I am not sure what you are asking. Can you give an example?

Of both forms you speak of.

[acoustic geyser]

used for stating what is generally true
If it's made of wood it will float.
Engines won't run without lubricants

if its made of wood it floats

Engines doesnt run without lubricants

the earth goes around the sun

[forest solar]

Ok

[acoustic geyser]

the earth will goes around the sun

[forest solar]

The difference is just the timing of your sentences. Will is a future indication of something happening, meaning, it's going to do that in the future moment, after you perform your action. The other form is present indicative, telling you that it happens when you do it.

With your wood example, "f its made of wood it floats" Typically is used when something already is made of wood (The object exists now) and you are asking a question about it, but do not know what will happen. It is wood, so it can float now, so you say "...it floats" . With the second part of the example "If it's made of wood it will float" Youi are speaking about something that has not been made at this moment (or that you are not certain of ), and are telling the person, that if you make it from wood, then when it is finished it 'will' float (future).

The use of will or not using will, is not related to truth as such, rather the time you are speaking of, present or future or even past "If it was made of wood, it would have floated"

[surreal coral]

i think there is a time markers for each tence

future simple : By the end of a + year/month ... etc
present continuos : at the moment
simple past : recently

[acoustic geyser]

is this stronger than should?

used to give advice or recommend something
You simply have to get a new job.
You've got to try this recipe—it's delicious.

I found it on Oxford dictionary about the modal verb have to

[forest solar]

As you have found, should is a suggestion/recommendation. Will is basically a command to others or self, must/shall.

[forest solar]

The tenses imply the time (of past, present, future) on their own, but adding a temporal clause can give better definition of when the action happens.

[surreal coral]

Thank you !

[surreal coral]

is "employment" much better then saying "job" ?

[quasi plume]

Hi i am new

I came here to improve my English

Help me

[forest solar]

When speaking, in most cases 'job' is fine. It's also fine for most general writing. You may wish to use 'employment' in slightly more formal writing such as a government study or research article, but I've seen plenty of these also that just use 'job'. I would rate both as being formal enough for written articles, but would probably stick to 'job' in spoken speech.

If you had no job, you would probably say you were unemployed, but would not say jobless. However on the news stories here in Australia (at least) they use the word 'jobless' when referring to the group of people without jobs.

[vocal fjord]

I strugle English how can I get better?

[shut plover]

@quasi plume @vocal fjord https://dontasktoask.com/

[vocal spoke]

speak it everyday

[lusty shore]

How can the expression "to have someone over" mean "to invite someone"?
I mean, literally, how?...

[lofty plume]

cool

[lusty shore]

cool

[boreal ingot]

It's this meaning of 'over', just indicating movement. However, it's become okay to elide the 'to my house'

[lusty shore]

hmm

interesting

[boreal ingot]

It's only okay to elide 'to my house' with''come', though (probably because of frequent use of 'over to my house' with 'come'). So you can't say 'go over' meaning 'go over to my house', you have to say 'go over to my house'

[lusty shore]

I thought that the word over only means above, upon

[boreal ingot]

it has quite a few meanings

[boreal ingot]

check out the Wiktionary entery!
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/over

[lusty shore]

cheers

[dense oasis]

there is no reason, it just means this. For example "to put up with someone/something" doesn't really make sense either but it's very common

[lusty shore]

That's so English... Okay

[dense oasis]

I don't think it really is, every language has some weird expressions. But yeah these look weird at first 😔

[bitter hill]

Its main definition is to host

You could frame it as an invitation if you said something like

We would love to have you over for dinner

[lusty shore]

never knew that

[forest solar]

I think the main definition is the transition from one place/state to another (or above or on top of). The verb 'invite' corresponds to the hosting part of the sentence. Even in your example "have you over" indicates you as the guest, not the host.

[bitter hill]

It involves movement but that's not the focus

[forest solar]

generally, or with regard to "Come on over"?

[bitter hill]

"I had Tom over for dinner."
"We're having them over for dinner."
'Tom' and 'them' are necessarily changing location (similar to 'come over') to the speaker's home, but the main idea is that the speaker is hosting with 'Tom' and 'them' as guests, resulting from some prior invitation

[hollow night]

Question. Is it grammatically correct for a person to refer to himself as "we" when talking to himself?

[forest solar]

It is meant to be a dereferencing to a general case rather than the specific situation. An implied group. As in we the organization, or we the population or we the family, etc. If it is being used to refer to the speak alone, then its bad English

However it also gets used by many (incorrectly) to refer to 'you', as in "How are we?". This is called the Royal 'We'.

[hybrid cobalt]

I'm learning Web Developing already and I came across with these two words : ''layout'' and ''responsive''. I just hope for a basic answer tho. But if you feel like it to answer it extensively go ahead xd. Greetings :v.

[neat bone]

"The Service Provider will not be entitled to reimbursement for any cost or expense" what does reimbursement mean here?

[teal sonnet]

It means the “Service Provider” will not seek reimbursement (money from you to cover their expenses). That means they won’t seek extra money for the money they spent on supplies or travel or other things. The agreed amount of money will already be thought about to help the business pay for those things. No extra money is needed from you.

[boreal ingot]

Check https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_we

[teal sonnet]

A "layout" is the way in which parts of something are arranged. A layout of a website would be where all the different elements (search bar, ways to get to different pages, pictures, and more) are placed. "Responsive" refers to something being able to respond or adapt. If it can respond it is considered responsive. In a website I believe that would be either how quickly the app responds to user input, or how well the app can adapt to different screen sizes.

[civic field]

Hello, I have a question regarding relative pronouns

[unreal matrix]

hm

[civic field]

...the people who I expected to be intelligent.
...the people whom I expected to be intelligent.

It seems that the former is correct because who relates to 'the people' which is the subject of the infinitive clause 'to be intelligent'. But some others say *whom * is correct because 'the people' is acting as the object of 'expected'

[unreal matrix]

Both are technically fine, but “Whom I expected” is the grammatically strict version since “the people” are the object of the verb expected. But in normal everyday English, almost everyone just says “who I expected.” Using whom sounds more formal or old-school, while who is natural and casual. So if you’re just chatting, go with who, but if you’re writing something formal or academic, whom is the one that’s technically correct.

But in strict traditional grammar, “who” there is incorrect because it’s acting as the object of expected, and the object form should be “whom.”

[civic field]

I don't agree at all.
"...the people [subject] who I expected to be intelligent."
This can be rewritten like this: I expect something: that the people are intelligent.

Whom would be correct if the people were the object of the infinitive clause.
E.g - "...the people whom I expected to be invited"

[bitter hill]

People is the subject of the infinitival in your example

I expected [the people] to be invited

[bitter hill]

Oh I didn't read context

[boreal ingot]

'whom' would be the object of 'expected' and 'to be [x]' is the object complement. The noun phrase headed by 'The people' is unspecified in role/function, given the sentence isn't complete

(Subject: 'The people whom I expected to be intelligent were stupid.' / Object: 'I killed the people whom I expected to be intelligent.')

It might help to analyse the relative clause that's within the noun phrase on its own.

Whom I expected to [x]
I expected whom to [x]

The pronoun 'whom' is the object of 'expect'. Cf.

I expected her to eat it.
I expected him to be taller.

There, the infinitive phrases are just adding to the object to complete the sentence.

I expected him.
You expected him what?
To be taller.

Whom I expected.
Whom you expected what.
To be intelligent.

[neat bone]

So can I say "The Service Provider shall not be entitled to compensation for any cost or expense." instead of "The Service Provider will not be entitled to reimbursement for any cost or expense"??

[unreal matrix]

I’d agree with that. Basically, ‘whom’ is technically correct because ‘the people’ are the object of ‘expected,’ and the ‘to be…’ part just describes them. The examples show how it works for both subject and object sentences

[teal sonnet]

No, because paying compensation would be the payment for the service, while reimbursement would be paying for expenses that have already been paid for by the provider (such as paying them extra after they have already paid for gas or tools)

[neat bone]

Okay new question "The Service Provider will not be entitled to reimbursement for any cost or expense unless the cost or expense is detailed on the corresponding invoice and accompanied by supporting documentation" what's the meaning of corresponding here?

[teal sonnet]

Corresponding in this case means something similar to paired. In this case it means the expense written on the invoice about the expense or for that particular service.

[neat bone]

So I could say that the expense written on the invoice is related to the expense mentioned

I don't get it exactly

Could you write down examples?

[teal sonnet]

“Each question has a corresponding answer” “On a map the blue lines correspond to rivers” “the red button turns on the corresponding light” do those help?

[neat bone]

Yes

[placid citrus]

I had a questions.If this "+" call "plus",then "5:1" call "five ? one"?

[teal sonnet]

You’d say “five to one” if it’s a ratio. But if it’s a time like 5:10 you’d say “five ten” so it depends on the context

[boreal ingot]

':' is called 'colon'
However, when used between two numbers to represent a ratio, it's as Suna said, 'to'

[boreal ingot]

Does he sound Geordie by any chance?
https://youtu.be/NYQzVIJExwY?t=181
https://youtu.be/s5GTnqOxe8k?t=1273

The way he says 'do', 'two', 'numbers', 'stuff' sounds kiinda Geordie to me

His vowel in 'roots' is also pretty far back, a feature of the Geordie accent

But I haven't got a good ear for accents in general

So I'd appreciate a hand (or an ear, lol)

[last patio]

Hello everyone

I'm very far from northern england

[last patio]

So i don't know if he sounds geordie or not but i have a question of my own

[boreal ingot]

yea?

[tranquil dome]

This isn't Geordie

[boreal ingot]

Any ideas on whereabouts he may be from?

[tranquil dome]

My guess somewhere south

[boreal ingot]

As I said, I haven't a good ear for this sort of thing. So I ask about people's accents sometimes to get better at it

[tranquil dome]

Its quite a generic southern accent

Its ok Im here to help :)

[last patio]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJEAFBaJPKk

I can't understand what they say between 0:06 - 0:09

[boreal ingot]

Oh alright, maybe midlands? I think his vowels in words like 'stuff' and 'put' is a bit northern But I do see what you mean, it's a pretty generic accent, aye

[tranquil dome]

I dont think Midlands, Maybe anywhere South of Birmingham I'd guess

[boreal ingot]

Really can't help, sorry

Hard to make out what they're saying since they're laughing

[last patio]

They say something like ''beside sea of'' but i can't find something that makes sense

[tranquil dome]

Besides CF?

[boreal ingot]

Understood, thank you!

[tranquil dome]

You're welcome Scella

[boreal ingot]

Her About Me does say she has 'Cystic fibrosis', which is genetic, and that's her mum, so it would make sense @last patio

[tranquil dome]

Good work

[last patio]

That is some detective work. Thank you

[boreal ingot]

An accurate transcription of that bit might look like this

Both: [laughing]
Her: 'It's funny because-'
Her mother: [whispers] 'Besides CF' [laughs]
Her: [laughing] 'Besides CF hahahaha'

[last patio]

I knew she had cystic fibrosis but never thought about giving it an abbreviation. Native speakers think different

[boreal ingot]

Normally you'd only abbreviate these things if you've either already introduced the abbreviation or if you use the abbreviation super regularly and know the people around you would understand (though the latter is more casual).

In a paper, for example, you might have something like

In the United Kingdom, facial gunshot wounds (GSWs) are rare, which makes expertise on proper care for patients presenting with such injuries scarce. We will cover several cases of suicidal facial GSWs and how each was handled.

^ You don't use it unless you've already introduced it

Most natives wouldn't abbreviate cystic fibrosis, but since it's a part of her every day life and the family is used to speaking of it often, it's natural for them to pick up the medical abbreviation

[last patio]

what a cute selection of an example😆 facial GSW

I see a lot of comments on the internet like:

-omg i'm crazy about hp!
-ikr

[boreal ingot]

It popped into my head since it's the most recent one I've seen

[last patio]

and try to make sense out of it

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, these are much, much more informal abbreviations. They're mainly used in texting. It's not expected that they be defined beforehand since everyone is expected to know them

Normally people explain if you ask, though

It's also easy to find them online by looking up 'mlm slang meaning' or 'mlm texting meaning' or something along those lines (replace 'mlm' with whatever abbreviation)

[last patio]

Yes, urban dictionary and google help a lot

Also you helped a lot. Thanks again

[boreal ingot]

Npp

[simple ridge]

native arabic _ seeking english hi everyone , i hope all of you're doing well . i'm an arabic girl . i'm searching about a learning partner "girl"

[boreal ingot]

Could someone help me with understanding the bits I've marked with question marks? (and correct me if I've misunderstood any bits)

A-And the [?] of care that they have on Britain's Got Talent for the contestants is- is very high. Th-[?]- There's somebody who's constantly there for them. But, she found it hard, just being in London, being away from Scotland and her [?], and also on that one level you're not even putting into the mix global fame and YouTube hits and all that kinda stuff, so she did find it tough. And you know what? Most people would.

My best guesses are that the first one 'duty', second I have no idea (maybe just a stutter?), and third is 'cat'??

[boreal ingot]

Hey, I was wondering if the fact he said 'North Wales' is up means he's somewhere South of it It's the same fellow I thought was Geordie

Is it the case that when natives say 'up' they mean to the North? In which case, if he's north of North Wales, he'd say 'down in North Wales', right?

okay he's from Southeast England lol, I was way off with Newcastle One day I'll get a good grasp over these accents

[boreal ingot]

(Still curious about the 'North' and 'Up' thing, though. Separate English question)

[teal sonnet]

It can mean multiple things. It can mean going north, going higher up, going towards a central or important place (like going up to the city), or moving physically closer (“the child went up to the dog”)

[boreal ingot]

hmm, so I could say I'm heading up to Dublin even if I'm north of Dublin? (basing it off the 'important place' bit)

I suppose that makes sense

[teal sonnet]

The 2nd is a stutter like you guessed and the 3rd does appear to be cat. It seems a bit silly but that person may really care about their cat. The 1st is “duty of care” that one was really tough though. I had to listen to it a lot

[boreal ingot]

So I guess in that post, when he says 'up in North Wales', it couldn't be assumed that he is south of North Wales with certainty based on the fact he said 'up'? It would be a faulty guess?

[boreal ingot]

Thank youuu 💜

[teal sonnet]

Since it's in a geographic context, it probably does mean north. But there is no way to confirm that.

[boreal ingot]

Understood

My many thanks to you, sir or madam :3

[teal sonnet]

Happy to help.

[forest solar]

Reimbursement related to actual expenses related to the work being carried out under the contract. Compensation usually relates to additional expenses that are incurred following the failure of something as a result of your fault, such as delays to them starting when it was agreed to or finishing or not having your preliminaries ready as contacted. An example telling the contractor that there can start their work on Monday. The contractor prepared and ordered services for Monday, but you have to cancel as you are not ready. The additional costs incurred by the contractor in cancelling their helpers or deliveries or parts etc that have been booked for Monday, would not be normal reimbursement for the service, rather as a result of them not being able to do the work. This would be a compensation cost.

[forest solar]

What they do not want is an invoice from you with just a total amount. Each of the expenses must have a detail line on that invoice(that is the corresponding invoice to the detail lines) showing how the total has been derived. Then In addition to the detail lines provide copies of the documentation from sub suppliers showing those individual expenses.

[forest solar]

I was going to say he sounds definitely southern. His YouTube profile says he's from Cardiff.

So South West

[forest solar]

Yes, duty, Stutter, car

[boreal ingot]

Ohh I checked and didn't see that. Thank youu

[boreal ingot]

Car, not cat?

I suppose that makes more sense lol

Thank you

[forest solar]

One would never say going north if they literally had to travel south. But one does say up to the city, regardless of the direction of travel, being the important location (as. Scella mentioned next)

@boreal ingot

[boreal ingot]

My question is mainly this. If I say 'Oh, is that the nice bridge up in North Wales', would that at all imply I'm located somewhere southward of North Wales? Or can I say 'up in North Wales' when I'm further north than North Wales (so I have to travel down south to get to North Wales), or would I Have to say 'down in North Wales' in that case? I'm sorry if I'm explaining badly

[shut plover]

on sb's behalf/ on behalf of sb
-# If you do something on someone's behalf, you do it for that person as their representative. The form in someone's behalf is also used, mainly in American English.

Source: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/on-someones-behalf-on-behalf-of-someone
Could I say like,
"Would you vote for Diaz? I'm on his behalf."?

[boreal ingot]

I normally make the distinction that 'on his behalf' means I'm representing him, while 'in his behalf' means I'm acting for his behoof, with his interest in mind.

So, if you mean you're a representative of him, gathering votes as an official, you can say

I'm here on Diaz's behalf. Will you vote for him?

While if you're not officially acting as his proxy, but still are acting in his best interest, you could say

Would you please vote for Diaz? I'm gathering votes in his behalf. (For his benefit)

('on behalf' is slowly taking on the meaning of 'in behalf' as well)

But yeah, your sentence could work, depending on what you mean and the context

I'd cite Garner's usage dictionary with a screenshot, but I'm on phone right now

[shut plover]

Thank you. Also, if you vote for him, I would kindly appreciate your helps. #1418848496500473926 message

Would you please vote for Diaz? I'm gathering votes in his behalf.

[boreal ingot]

That's beyond the point of this channel, dear

[shut plover]

👉 👈

[boreal ingot]

This is for help with English

Pat pat

Good luck on your endeavours, hehe

[shut plover]

Thank you!!!

I understand it's beyond the point of this channel, but at least it's worth a try.

[forest solar]

Up is usually only used for major towns cities in your area. Like it would be in to say, see the br8dge up in London, even if you are in the North of England. But you would not use it for regions like North Wales. Your sentence implies you are south of 'North Wales'. But you would also not usually say down south in North Wales, rather just that's a nice bridge in North Wales.
🧜‍♀️
Also if you live in Australia, you are all down in the North, at the bottom of the planet. Where we head down north for the winter to keep warm.

[civic field]

I don't see how this is relevant

[civic field]

Yet the more natural and common pronoun would be 'who' over 'whom' because it's more logical to use the relative pronoun related to the embedded clause (the subject of to be intelligent) rather than using 'whom' to denote the object of I expected. This is called subject raising, rather than object raising which Akuma referenced.

So while 'whom' is grammatically defensible, 'who' is preferred.

[forest solar]

But what Scella has said is correct, as are you. Whom is related to the relative noun clause, which must be grammatically correct in its own right. "The people whom I expected to be intelligent" is the correct version of the noun phrase as I is the subject of this phrase and the people are the object. The noun phrase in itself can then be subject to the same rules again, depending on if it is used as a subject or an object or indirect object within the containing sentence.

Subject : "The people whom I expected to be intelligent are the ones who surprised everyone with their lack of knowledge."

Indirect Object: "The committee decided to whom I should address my concerns as being the people whom I expected to be intelligent."

Object: "The teacher praised the people whom I expected to be intelligent and whom she had previously overlooked."

[civic field]

Then how do you explain who being more natural?

[forest solar]

It isn't unless used correctly

Ther is a time and place for both who and whom

For whom the bell tolls

[civic field]

This is much more natural:

She's the woman who I expected to win.

Than:

She's the woman whom I expected to win.

[forest solar]

Thats just plain wron

g

[civic field]

This is irrelevant to relative clauses

[forest solar]

ok

I didnt say it was,

...

Just rings a bell, in my mind

[civic field]

Why do you think it's wrong?

[forest solar]

Well, if we are trying to teach people English to preserve its syntax, then we should teach the correct forms first, then let people mellow down to informal structures

[civic field]

Studies in several languages have shown that subject-relative clauses are easier to process than object-relative clauses. Mak, Vonk, and Schriefers (2006) have proposed the topichood hypothesis to account for the preference for subject-relative clauses. This hypothesis claims that the entity in the relative clause that is most topicworthy will be chosen as the subject. By default, the antecedent of the relative clause will be chosen as the subject of the relative clause, because it is the topic of the relative clause.

[forest solar]

I was beaten with a strap for saying 'ain't'.

We should just use simple language then.

internet speak will be the language that people know, in 20 years time, and it will bear little relation to Chaucer or Shakespeare.

[civic field]

In the sentence:

These are the people who I expected to be intelligent

It's clear that the "the people" as the subject of to be intelligent is the most topicworthy

[forest solar]

It will be a mix of Eng, Japanese, Arabioc, Spanish, German, French, Ukrainian, Swedish, Chinese, and 150+ other languages mixed and merged into one common language

[civic field]

With this example, using who as the relative pronoun is not 'informal'. It's preferred as it's more logical and easier to understand.

[forest solar]

I always reduce the long noun phrases down to a single word/noun and then read the sentence again. Is it correct or not? If not then I fix it.

[civic field]

Be back later

[forest solar]

an example, please (please point me to the example you are speaking of)

in the context of that post.

[tranquil dome]

Its ok, theres 3498 accents in the UK

He sounds like the Posh version of me

[boreal ingot]

Thank youuu

[boreal ingot]

Wow I didn't think he sounded posh at all

[boreal ingot]

You seem to be conflating the syntactic and symantic roles of 'who(m)' there

That's why what Akuma sent is relevant

It dives into the syntax of such sentences as this while emphasising it as distinct from the semantics. Read the last paragraph of the second screenshot. It acknowledges that the object of 'expected' in [ii] belongs with the infinitival, 'to begin at six' (or, in our case, 'to be intelligent'), while still syntactically being the object of the matrix clause (the object of the verb 'expected' in the main clause).

I would agree if we're going merely off of what is natural that 'who' works better than 'whom'. We have forsaken 'whom'; it's no more used as it once was. Therefore, 'who', but in a very few cases, would be more natural. However, syntactically, 'whom' is the correct form, since, within the relative clause, the relative pronoun is acting as a direct object. I wouldn't call 'who' wrong from a general perspective, but, when under syntactic scrutiny, if we do agree that the concept of 'whom' being the oblique case of 'who' is correct, it doesn't hold up

[wispy egret]

are there exercises here?

[forest solar]

No, We just aswer questions people may have.

[wispy egret]

Ok thanks

[boreal ingot]

Miscapitalisation spotted

[simple moat]

hi guys

can i say somthing

??

[tranquil dome]

He does compared to me lol

[edgy kiln]

Hi chat

[boreal ingot]

if this something is related to language/linguistics/the English language/language learning/learning the English language, then sure

[boreal ingot]

lol

[edgy kiln]

Guuyyysss I just took an English test level and I got b1 in reading and a2 in listening 😭😭😭 can u give me any advice to improve my level cus I need to write a good paragraph in my international exam 😭

[simple moat]

yeah its in language

peaples says if you want to learne englich you dont need to grammar

[vestal nova]

SOMEONE WHO HELPED ME TO DEVELOP THIS QUESTION

Bob is running _____ the park.

between

Opción B
across

Opción C
next

Opción D
in

[boreal ingot]

If you want to learn casual/informal English, then, yeah, generally you won't need to get into the nitty-gritty of grammar. It can greatly help you, but it's not needed. If you just listen to a lot of natives and do as they do, you'll osmose the language

[vestal nova]

please

[boreal ingot]

A - between 'between' needs two things to be listed ('between [x] and [y]'/'between the park and the store').
B - across He is running from one side to the other side.
C - next 'next' needs to be followed by 'to'.
D - in He is running in the area of the park.

Either B or D could be correct depending on the context.

[vestal nova]

thank u

[hybrid cobalt]

@boreal ingot hey Scela, how did you overcome the phrasal verbs? I mean, when you had to lead with them and you knew some basic PV but it wasn't enough to have a wide range of PV in order to understand almost all of them (the most known). Did you do some specific kind of hard study? I'm asking to you because I have seen you are already a good english speaker and I note you have got a good wide vocabulary. Greetings.

[boreal ingot]

Hey, I never really rigorously studied phrasal verbs. It's merely that when I happen upon one and like the sound of it, I choose to incorporate it into my own speech; thereby, over time, it becomes natural to me. I would generally recommend that you learn the common senses of the most common phrasal verbs, and decipher others as they come, rather than try to memorise a large collection of phrasal verbs and their many meanings. Over time, the common ones should stick. They're quite confusing, I understand, but the context should almost always prove sufficient to understand their meaning. (A good example is when a character describes that they were 'knocked up in the morning' by their flatmate to play video games. You should be able to note 'knock up' means 'awaken', there.) It's as with any other word you'd like to learn: 1. Use it as often as possible, and 2. Learn it within context, not as merely a dictionary definition (a small note below). Good luck on your learning journey.

Note: You've misused 'lead with' as meaning 'start to do something', when, in reality, it means 'Start [an event/book/paper/something] by presenting [something]'.

They led the paper with the story of the recent murder.
They led the show with their most famous song.
This bears out that one should learn phrasal verbs in context ^

[boreal ingot]

What are the linguistic 'evils' in the title besides its improperly not pluralising 'Jukes'?

[signal shell]

I don't see any other linguistic evils there

But there does seem to be a list of evils in that title

[boreal ingot]

Could you explain further? 😅

[signal shell]

The new title should be
The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease, Heredity, and Poor Editing

No wait

I fixed it

[signal shell]

Is this sufficient explanation?

[boreal ingot]

hmm, are the listed things the 'evils', I see

[boreal ingot]

yes makes sense

Why is a usage dictionary being so witty 😭

[signal shell]

Why not

[boreal ingot]

cuz I'd expect them to be formally treating of proper language, not to be throwing shade

[signal shell]

Sometimes the shade is too perfect not to be thrown

[forest solar]

Incorrect spelling also noticed

[boreal ingot]

oo, what did I misspell lol

[forest solar]

What are we going to do, I have triggered a disaster

[boreal ingot]

I suck at spelling

[boreal ingot]

A wee unsure what disaster you've triggered lol

They misspelt 'something' 😔

[forest solar]

May I ask, for future reference, what your base region for English is? I am just curious so I can research your regional specific words, phrases and idioms, such as "knock up". I have never heard that used here in AUS or US for that interpretation, as it means make someone pregnant (impregnate) in its most common interpretation here. (Probably why I don't hear it used as awaken.) I suspect it's Britain.

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, that usage is British. I'm mainly a learner of British English, but I sometimes throw in americanisms, scotticisms, and archaisms lol. It's a typical behaviour of learners', like me, to intermix dialects so

[forest solar]

Capitalisation?

[boreal ingot]

They seem to have properly capitalised everything?

Is it the 'A' wherewith you take issue?

I think at the start of titiles, 'a' is capitalised, normally

But I'm not sure how it works after colons, as is the case in that title

[forest solar]

Not you, me.

[boreal ingot]

Oh, I didn't even notice that, haha

[forest solar]

capitalisation

[boreal ingot]

What a great misdeed

[boreal ingot]

I just heard someone say this idiom with 'on' instead of 'with'. Was this just a slip of the tongue or is it correct but less common? Or is there a difference in meaning?

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/be-cooking-with-gas

[signal shell]

I've never heard anyone say this with 'on'

[hazy igloo]

Never heard of someone use 'on' with that idiom either

[native forge]

Not sure if this is the best place to ask but I'll go ahead to anyways. If I have a game library sorted alphabetically, what do I do with games that begins with "the?" For example
"The upturned"
"The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon"
and so on. Do I simply put them in the T section as the starting letter, or do rewrite them as
"Upturned, the"
"Legend of Spyro, the: Dawn of the dragon"
And sort them that way?

[cyan lynx]

Rewrite, too many games with The , the sorting would become meaningless

[signal shell]

Do what makes the most sense in your mind. Ignoring "the" is quite common. But if it helps you find it by thinking of "Spyro" rather than "Legend", then you can sort it like "Spyro, the Legend of: Dawn of the Dragon"

It's totally up to you

[boreal ingot]

Understood

Thank you

[vestal nova]

In irregular verbs, in simple past tense, we don't add the verb: the suffix "-d", "-ed", "-ied".

its true or false

please someone help me

[tepid bough]

technically no

[vestal nova]

its false ?

[tepid bough]

you dont add those suffix to irregular verbs in past tense

however, in normal conversation (usually between kids), irregular verbs with -ed are accepted.

keep in mind that in standard english, no irregular verbs can be added the suffix -ed, -d and -ied

wait i think i missed smth

some irregular verbs, such as spell or learn, can be written as spelled or learned in american english

[vestal nova]

ok

Put the words in order:

didn't/ my / last / do / homework / I / night

[tepid bough]

i didn't do my homework last night

use your brain bro. you can ask the question that you are struggle in this question but not seeking for the answer

that's not how you learn english

[signal shell]

True. Using these suffixes for the past tense is basically the definition of a regular verb

So irregular verbs don't use them

[tepid bough]

In some cases, yes

But it’s just quite informal

As i said above

[drifting silo]

Why the preposition for "night" is "at night", while "morning" will be "in morning"

[tepid bough]

interesting question

at night is actually refers to any night in general

according to cambridge dictionary

[tepid bough]

also, we use in the morning, not in morning

in the night, however, refers to a specific night

in short, just bear in mind that at night and in the night can be used grammatically correct. But they have the different meanings

[drifting silo]

Aaa, i see. Thanks Nott

[civic acorn]

[tepid bough]

u're welcome

[forest solar]

It's up to you. But be consistent so you know your own rule. I have 3000 movie titles on my recorders, and the titles are automatic. Titles with The are sorted together, but it means I have to check the individual letter, and the 'the' section, because sometimes I don't know if a title starts with 'the' or not. Personally I would use the <Name, the> format for large numbers of titles.

[forest solar]

When one learns the UK vs the US version of a verb, the children/learner will not call it an irregular verb, if that version follows the standard form rule. So a us teacher would call "to spell" a regular verb and a UK teacher would say it's irregular.

On a side note, I can't recall ever hearing my little kids or any of their friends running around putting -ed on an irregular verb form. (Like spelted). However they may use the verb stem with -ed when the verb has an irregular form and they may not have learned it yet. (Eg singed). But parents typically correct such words early, and I really can't even remember words like this being heard that often.

@vestal nova

[forest solar]

Do 'you' say 'in the night', or actually say 'in the evening'?

I don't hear people say in the night, unless night is being used as an adjective to a noun such as sky. Most commonly it's at night or during the night (eg we go fishing at night, or we go fishing during the night, but not in the night.) Maybe it's regional if you do.

@drifting silo

[drifting silo]

I think "at night" used for something that is general

[forest solar]

Yes it is. For today's night we say. this evening or tonight.

other examples: "I work long hours at night". "The moon comes out at night". But , "There will be a lunar eclipse this evening/tonight"

Your original question shows the same form for morning and evening. In the evening, or In the morning

[tepid bough]

mostly in the evening. but still in the night is valid

[tepid bough]

oh ur damn right. ty for that information

[dusk pebble]

Hii. I want to write this sentence correctly "Leonardo wasn't a human whose sole purpose was painting or sculpting, as was in case with Raphael or Michelangelo." Is this okay?

[dense oasis]

*as it was in Raphael's and Michelangelo's case

but don't do "as was in case with", because there is nothing like "in case with"

like, "in case with" just does not exist

"in someone's case" makes sense, but "in case with someone" does not make sense

and the rest makes sense

[dusk pebble]

thank you very much!

[dense oasis]

i was wondering where you took that "as was in case with" from, but I have no idea at all, cuz in polish (you probably are polish like me) it's just "jak było w czyimś przypadku", "w" just like english "in"

[dusk pebble]

google translate and gpt fusion in my interpretation. I mean chaos

[dense oasis]

ahhh alright makes sense. glad to have helped of course 🥺

[surreal coral]

Thank you !

[hybrid cobalt]

Meaning of: ''liabilities & assets'' their diferences and comparisons.

[bitter hill]

An asset is something you or an entity owns that has value

A liability is the opposite of an asset, it's when you owe money

[celest condor]

These are usually used to find net worth. Assets minus liabilities gives a total for what you're worth.

[hybrid cobalt]

Thanks guys.

[hybrid cobalt]

excuse me again, the word ''minus'' how common is that word in english? It interested me, because it seems to be used as the spanish word ''menos'' as well.

Sorry I didn't make the question well. ¿ How can I use ''minus'' word in good context?

[celest condor]

I only see it as the written or spoken version of subtract (x-y). I used it because it seemed easier to read. If I wrote "liabilities-assets" it could be confused for a dash.

but you would say it just as the math expression is written. x-y+2 is "x minus y plus two"

[hybrid cobalt]

Thank you very much.

[celest condor]

You can also use it to say that something is negative in general. "I have a crush on this girl, but she has a bad attitude. That's a minus" as in her 'score' goes down

[flat rune]

Are jobs related to languages well-paid, honestly? If yes, could you list which ones exist apart from being a teacher or a translator?

[dense oasis]

this is very much dependant on your region of the world, cuz if you're idk, in the middle of Russia, then knowing some additional languages is not a great advantage I'd imagine. Many people don't learn languages just to learn languages, they use them as tools, additional skills, because they work in the corporate world and some companies cooperate with others from neighbouring countries

for many people it's not like the only thing they know are languages and that's it, it's more like, they work somewhere and their work is likely related to some other country and therefore they need some other languages

from my experience here in the EU it's a great advantage to have, many jobs require you to speak at least your native language + english, and having more may often result in better pays

office workers or accountants or any other white collar workers often benefit from knowing more languages, cuz now they can do the job of like 2-3 people and their boss does not need to hire an additional person to work with an additional language

[dense oasis]

any job can be related to languages at this point, if companies/customers from different countries are involved, so it's impossible to say they are always well-paid or something lol

I think there is way more to language learning than only careers and jobs, people study languages for their relatives or partners, and for many other purposes

[flat rune]

But still, people study languages at university, and I’m wondering what directions such studies can take, and which ones are actually worth studying.

[muted hearth]

hey everyone,im new here😞

[flat quail]

Hi everyone i am new here

[kind fiber]

why is it so hard to learn the tenses

is there any tips

[boreal ingot]

you could also saay 'as was the case with [x] and [y]'

besides whaat cat suggested

[boreal ingot]

I've always wondered if it's okay to say 'minus ten' for 'negative ten'

-10 + 3 = -7
Can I saay this ^ as
Minus twn plus three equals minus seven
or must I say
Negative ten plus three equals negative seven

[celest condor]

Yes, minus is fine there

[dense oasis]

I've heard minus too, somewhere lol. But not sure where

[boreal ingot]

Besides the great point Black Cat has made, one can become a speech pathologist, a forensic linguist, a translator, an interpreter, etc. One can be a teacher or (for better pay) a university professor (many subjects: semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, phonetics, etymology, etc.). One could probably be a historian. One could certainly be a lexicographer. Computational linguistics is a good field as well. One could work as a researcher in any of the many sub-fields under linguistics or the interdisciplinary fields involving linguistics (like corpus linguistics, sociolinguistics, graphemics, psycholinguistics, etc.)

Check this video out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YySb1cxmu4&ab_channel=TheLingOtter

[shut plover]

TheLingOtter mentioned :O

[summer bone]

Could someone clarify what is meant by "the substitution of X for Y"? Does it imply that X is replacing Y, or the other way around?

[bitter hill]

https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/substitute#Verb

[tawdry mason]

ı have a simple homework. who can help me

[dense oasis]

regarding this uni professor aspect, in reality it's extremely difficult to become one, usually

[boreal ingot]

I did list like 15 things

[dense oasis]

yeah but that's the best one

🥺

[dense oasis]

it does imply that, yes. you take Y and replace it with X

[flat rune]

A forensic linguist sounds really interesting

[boreal ingot]

cool

[waxen cradle]

Yes, X is replacing Y. "For" is the word to pay attention to here. Confusingly, if you use "with" in this type of sentence, you can create the opposite meaning!

"I'm substituting apples for pears in this recipe" = Apples will replace pears. X is replacing Y.
"He substituted the rum with vodka in his drink" = Instead of using rum, he used vodka. Y is replacing X!

[boreal ingot]

What does 'fellow' mean here? There are a billion academic senses listed on Wiktionary. I can't really make sense of it. At first I thought it was just the normal sense of 'bloke/guy', but that's too informal. Could someone ELI5 😅

Dr. Phillips is a board-certified forensic pathologist. He completed his medical school and pathology residency training at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and trained as a fellow in forensic pathology at the Bexar County Medical Examiner’s Office from 2014 to 2015. Following his training, he worked for six years as an Assistant Medical Examiner at the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences before returning to Bexar County, where he is currently the Deputy Chief Medical Examiner. His study of firearms and gunshot wounds, as well as his career path, began when he inherited a Japanese Arisaka rifle from his grandfather, a veteran of the Second World War, and his interest led him to Dr. DiMaio’s classic text on gunshot wounds. Dr. Phillips has provided training on firearms and gunshot wounds to forensic pathology fellows in both Houston and San Antonio, presented a firearm lecture in the National Association of Medical Examiners’ Medical Student Webinar series, and edits the “Forensic Pathology of Firearm Wounds” article for Medscape.

[bitter hill]

5

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellowship_(medicine)

[boreal ingot]

thaank you AAkuuu :DD

[late crest]

what do you call a book that is basically used by students for solving questions ?

from my language the direct translation is basically “question bank” but i cant rlly find anything abt it

[boreal ingot]

answer key?

[late crest]

NO LIKE

[late crest]

A book containing questions in it. for students to solve. paired with an answer key

srry i wasnt clear enough 😭

[boreal ingot]

exercise book or workbook then?

Although, looking it up, 'exercise book' has a meaning more like 'notebook' in the UK

So you'd best stick to 'workbook'

No ambiguity

If you would rather be descriptive, say 'a book full of exercises'

'exercise' in this sense:

[late crest]

GASP.

THUS is it i think!!!!! thank you so much 😭😭

[boreal ingot]

If a bullet has passed through an intermediary target before striking the decedent, fragments of that target may be adherent to clothing or the surface of the body.

Should this not be 'adhering'?

[dense oasis]

you can also say a textbook

like, a textbook is a book that contains exercises and instructions and stuff

for example a math textbook

but like

I think the proper meaning of "textbook" would be a book with primarily instructions and explanations rather than primarily exercises, while "workbook" would mostly contain exercises

(honestly I definitely have seen people using these two interchangeably so I don't think you need to be very strict)

[signal shell]

Akuma's response was very accurate and precise, but I thought you might be interested in seeing a more general meaning of the word used in academia as a whole
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow

[boreal ingot]

Thank youuu

Could you also take a look at my other question pretty please

[boreal ingot]

I don't think they're used interchangeably at all, really. 'Workbook' would always mean a book of exercises to me, while 'textbook' would always primarily be a book of exposition/elucidation, with some exercises here and there (optionally)

[drifting silo]

Guys, is the conjunction in this sentence wrong?

"I was very tired because i went to the party"

[boreal ingot]

The sentence seems fine

No mistakes

'because' was used correctly

Only 'mistake' is that 'I', qua the nominative first person singular pronoun, isn't capitalised

[drifting silo]

Righttt, but my English teacher said to me it was wrong. So i was very perplexed

[boreal ingot]

What was the reason given?

[drifting silo]

Cause i actually pretty sure it was right

[boreal ingot]

Did he make a correction?

We can tell you if it's, excuse me, bullshit or not

hmm, I've got an idea as to what an English teacher might point out

you didn't use the past perfect

Now, in American English, even formally, that is correct

Likewise is the case in British English, often

However, in textbook English, the past perfect must be used in your sentence

I was very tired because I had gone to the party.

Your teacher is being very nitpicky, but that is what standard textbook English would dictate

[signal shell]

Either way, I guess

[boreal ingot]

So, for tests and suchlike, you had best go with what your teacher says (using the past perfect), but for day-to-day conversation and even proper events and what have you, what you've got (without using the past perfect) is perfectly fine

[boreal ingot]

Oh, understood!

Many thanks!!

[drifting silo]

So basically, there's a question that told us to choose the correct conjunctions for the sentence:

"I was tired, .... i didn't go to the party"

And the following answers that are given on the book is: and, because, although, therefore, and so.

The right answer for this question will be "therefore and "so". But then i asked to my teacher, "if i were about to the change to context of the sentence to become 'i was tired, ... i went to the party', then we can actually use the because conjunction"

But then she said it was wrong

[boreal ingot]

Hmm, in the original sentence, the answer would be 'so', not 'therefore' (without a change of punctuation).

However, in the changed sentence (where you did go, not did not go), only 'because' would be correct. However, you would use the past perfect, not the past simple

That is the only thing your teacher could have called a mistake

It's best that you ask her why the sentence is wrong, if it matter enough to you

Only she could tell you why she thinks it's wrong

But we can tell you it's right

[dense oasis]

I absolutely think they are used interchangeably. I remember when I used to study japanese and I just kept on noticing "a textbook for japanese" and so on, even though the actual book was often mostly just exercises. And sometimes not, sometimes mostly explanations

[boreal ingot]

Might it have been a mistranslation from Japanese to English?

Our experiences seem to differ. It would be best to ask several natives' opinions upon the matter

[drifting silo]

Nope, it's an example for the exam questions

[boreal ingot]

Oh, no, you seem to have got confused between out own conversation and my own conversation with Black Cat

That comment was directed at him

Unrelated to our conversation

[boreal ingot]

@drifting silo This was the last message I directed at you ^

My apologies, I ought to have been clearer

[turbid bridge]

Adherent is better because “Adherent” refers to the state of the fragments being stuck. “Adhering” means they are in the act of sticking, which is slightly worse because “Adhering” is the language you would use if the bullets are actively still trying to attach. “Adherent” in this case clarifies that the action is complete.

[boreal ingot]

I guess that makes sense, yeah

[drifting silo]

Thanksss

[turbid bridge]

Technically both are valid but forensic language tends to stay clear of action words

[tawdry mason]

guys ı have a simple homework. who can help me plss

[boreal ingot]

@tawdry mason ^

[tawdry mason]

yes

[boreal ingot]

We won't do it for you, but, if you have any particular questions or things you don't understand, we can help by explaining how they work and such

[tawdry mason]

realy ı know the answer but ı want to be sure

[boreal ingot]

Alrighty then, post the question and you answer here. People will tell you if it's wrong or right

[tawdry mason]

ım sory ıf ı disturbed anyone

[boreal ingot]

Not at all, it's just best to ask right away, rather than asking to ask

Feel free to put your question here

[tawdry mason]

ı cant uploud photos here

[boreal ingot]

Ah, makes sense

DM the photo to me and I'll post it here

You need to be active to unlock photos in this server

[tawdry mason]

okey

[boreal ingot]

@tawdry mason's questions:

[acoustic geyser]

What's different between say and think to talk about an opinion?

[waxen cradle]

Can you give an example of what you mean?

[misty terrace]

Amazing people still reference my message from two years ago

[boreal ingot]

I'm not sure exactly what you mean but I've got a slight idea.

I say he's cheating.
Vs
I think he's cheating.

First and foremost, 'say' in that sense can only be used in the first person. 'We say you're cheating!' or 'I say you're cheating!' (particularly common in the first person singular).

When one says 'she/he/they/it/you/y'all say(s) he's cheating', the phrase stops being an accusation or statement of opinion and just becomes reported speech about what the other person says.

That said, the difference between 'I say he's cheating' and 'I think he's cheating' is that the former ('I say') is much more accusatory than the latter ('I think'). 'I say' is a direct assertion that you are highly certain the person is cheating. It's a very strong guess. And it can sound very attacking or assertive.

'Think', on the other hand, is much more cushioned a claim. It's not strong. You acknowledge that you are not of a high degree of certainty in your statement of 'he's cheating' but still do make it. It, while still to a degree so, sounds less accusatory than the other, largely thanks to it being so much less confident.

You can think of it like this:

• Say: 'I'm so sure about my opinion/guess that I don't even need to speak it as a guess; I will speak it as a statement with no hedging'.
• Think: 'I am not so confident in this guess of mine, so I will make it evidently clear that it is merely that, a guess'.

[forest solar]

I addition to what Miss Scella has just said, you can look at it from the perspective of a person you are talking about. For yourself you can state that you think something, because you know what you are thinking. However you cannot say that about another person. You do not know what they think. You can only surmise that their opinion is something based on what they have said in the past. Therefore you can use 'say' for another person related to an opinion they have given, but you 'should' not say to someone "you think" something, because you cannot read their mind. But colloquially as usual people use 'think' when surmising or summarizing a person's opinion.

[flat rune]

Is it worth to learn "feel dry " vocabulary? Another word with the same translation is be thirsty. I have this in my English textbook.

[forest solar]

I like to use "I'm parched" when I'm with friends and decide to go get a drink somewhere. Reflects our desert country.

But I wouldnt use 'feel dry'. I dont think I hear anyone use those words for thirsty. As a simple understandable phrase, just use "I'm feeling thirsty" as being a little subtle rather than "I'm thirsty".

I'm thirsty is what the kids say in the back of the car when they are really saying give me a drink. I'm feeling thirsty is a hint to another (friend) that maybe a drink stop is warranted.

[boreal ingot]

I have much need for drink, might we cease our journeying for but a moment, that I may abate my thoroughly whetted wanting of water.

[hybrid cobalt]

Hi ¿Is it possible reaching a C1 in less than 2 years FROM knowing 3000 words and being aware of them in context, also having a basic A2-B1 speaking skill?
If so ¿What would you do to boost your progress if you were in that case?
What shouldn't you do and what should you do;
At reading
At listening
At speaking
At writing.

Another question: ¿What do you think about what it really means to be C1? (This specific question is made because companies are always requesting you to be C1 rather than B2,B1).

By the way, if you want to know how I study English, this is what I do;

Play a video on YouTube, turn on the subtitles, pick up words, take them to google translator and do a little bit of shadowing while the narrator reproduce the word out loud ,write them up on my vocabulary list and try to comprehend them when I come across with them when reading or listening to.

I do the same mentioned above with Phrasal Verbs.

¿Is it correct not to be learning words escalatingly but picking up words whether be tough or easy to understand or should I go from easy to advanced?

[lusty shore]

Americans, do you think that B and V have similar pronunciations?

[boreal ingot]

They can sound similar in some languages (e.g., Japanese, Spanish) because of a process called lenition, but, in English, they are 100% distinct from one another

[forest solar]

They are close, but no. I hear a distinction.

I know that my south American friends used to have a heard time making the sound correctly, so I was always arguing with them about this issue. I know it is probably hard to price the difference, but the v has more vibration on the lower lip, and the b needs more air blown out when it is made without the lower lip vibration. V is said with a lower tone.

[lusty shore]

ok

thanks

[celest condor]

When I make a V sound I hold my bottom lip to my top teeth, more similar to F. B is a lot closer to P. It helps to put air pressure in your mouth before the sound.

[lusty shore]

nice

[tidal glade]

can anyone help me to solve this general sentence structure test

a baby's first teeth .... are normally the lower teeth
a. appearence
b. appear
c. in appearing
d. to appear

I thought the true answer is B, because the subject (a baby first teeth...) need a verb one, which is appear.

But when I ask AI, the true answer is D. To Appear

which one is true?

[boreal ingot]

If you want a bit more detail aabout ho they're articulated:

/v/: Voiced labiodental fricative
/b/: Voiced bilabial plosive

Voiced = you make your vocal cords vibrate while you make the sound (put your hand on your throat and say /s/ then /z/ to feel the difference between voiceless and voiced)

labiodental = your bottom lip and upper teeth together (like /f/ and /v/)
bilabial = your bottom and upper lips together (like /p/, /b/, and /m/)

fricative = you have a small opening through which you can push out air, but cuz it's small, the air bounces around and makes a harsh sound (like /s/, z/, /f/, /v/)
plosive = you close your mouth fully, you build up air behind the closure, then you release all of it in a sort of small 'explosion'

By mix-and-matching these, you can make the sounds

[lusty shore]

nice tip, I appreciate it.

[boreal ingot]

The AI is right. The answer is D.
https://www.grammaring.com/the-to-infinitive-in-non-finite-relative-clauses

Ordinals normally use a 'to' phrase after them

First to eat
Last to see
Third to reach
etc.

[bitter hill]

You already have 'are'

[lusty shore]

GPT says:

Your Example: "a baby's first teeth appear are normally the lower teeth"
✅ Corrected Sentence: "A baby's first teeth to appear are normally the lower ones."

📌 Fixes:

Grammar:

❌ "appear are" → ✅ "to appear are" because you need an infinitive structure here (first teeth to appear).

Word choice:

❌ "the lower teeth" → ✅ "the lower ones" to avoid repeating teeth.

[tidal glade]

ahh I get it now, so the problem is not about noun. But I should fix the subject with "to
infinitive".

much appreciate everyone!
-# @boreal ingot @bitter hill @lusty shore

[lusty shore]

[forest solar]

back to bed

[warped tendon]

Anyone fluent in english willing to teach english for 5 hours on thursdays it doesn't need to be a qualified english teacher just someone who is fluent and knows how to teach and what price do you ask for ?

[tidal glade]

is someone ghost tag me?

-# annoying

[stone jackal]

@gusty cape Sorry to bother you but I don't know where to put this tip that I think others might find useful if they read ebooks. Can you help me know which channel is suited for this type of thing? Thanks in advance. #🗃｜resources message

[native flare]

You posted in the right place

All good 👍

[acoustic geyser]

Hello, I was just looking at the Oxford dictionary and I found that Must is a strong word than have to, is that true?

[boreal ingot]

Do natives regard the expression ‘a [person] to be reckoned with' as an idiom, or do they understand it in connection to the 'consider' sense of 'reckon with'?

It is, after all, a very literal expression: when one ‘reckons with something’, one takes it into consideration in whatever calculations one is carrying out or plans one is forming (as opposed to reckoning without something, which means to omit it from consideration). ’We ought to reckon with the fact that Tim won’t be on the team.’ Thus, if a man is to be reckoned with, he is to be considered as a factor at play in any plans that are to be devised. Why would a man need be considered so? Likely because of the breadth of his power or influence. It is a quite literal expression.

The question, then, is this: do natives think of 'a man to be reckoned with' in that literal manner elucidated hereinbefore, or do they view it more as an idiomatic turn with the meaning of 'a powerful man' and no such logic underlying it?

[celest condor]

Not an idiom, not sure what to call it exactly. The 'not to be reckoned with' quality itself is already decided and has a passive infinitive relation to the subject (person). I read it as a warning that any further challenge, testing, or opposition to it's power will put you in some form of danger. It seems more like metaphorically thinking about power dynamics. There isn't a literal measurement for human power, but there are metaphorical ways of thinking about it that make comparisons easier for safer future decisions.

[boreal ingot]

I'm sorry, but are you sure you're not confusing '[someone] not to be trifled with' with '[someone] to be reckoned with'?

[celest condor]

Hmm I consider them very similar, I've never used the phrase trifled with. I am talking about reckoned

[boreal ingot]

I've not heard of such a phrase as 'not to be reckoned with'. I've only knowledge of 'to be reckoned with'

[celest condor]

I view trifled as to interrupt or disrupt. I see reckoned as to calculate or strategize, which means involvement.

Huh I didn't realize, Im tempted to say they're the same with or without "not"

[agile crow]

This native does not regard it to be an idiom. However, I can't speak for all natives.

[celest condor]

I have a running theory that idioms don't exist

[boreal ingot]

I think the version with 'not' is a malaphor of 'not to be trifled with' with 'to be reckoned with'

To trifle with something or someone is to treat them with little seriousness (as though they were a trifle, something unimportant). Thus, if someone is not to be trifled with, that means they must be treated seriously and not taken lightly. Why? Likely because of the breadth of their power or influence

You can see how 'to be reckoned with' and 'not to be trifled with' arrive at the same meaning through different paths. I would imagine the similarity of the two expressions has led you to combine them

[celest condor]

Trifled is also very uncommon where I'm from

[boreal ingot]

That's fair enough, of course

But I see both of you natives hesitate to call

A man to be reckoned with
An idiom

I suppose that answers my initial question. It's still to an extent regarded as something that logically follows from the word 'reckon' rather than just a phrase that makes no sense and is just used (idiom)

Thank you both sincerely
@celest condor @agile crow

[agile crow]

I mean, it's possible someone might mean something other than the literal meaning when using the expression.

[boreal ingot]

I used to think of it as a set phrase meaning 'is powerful/dangerous' until I went through the logic behind the words that make it up

Maybe it's better to call it a collocation than an idiom, though

[agile crow]

I think people most often use it as "someone powerful" bit it doesnt necessarily have to mean that

Tim could be a poor player who commits too many turnovers. If he's not on the team, we have to reckon with that, and maybe play a more aggressive offense

[forest solar]

Yes. 'Have to' is used to indicate what needs to be done, but it's not necessarily commanding you to do it. 'Must', tells the person that it is essential. Mandatory.

[boreal ingot]

@molten venture these people have sent some links ^

[bitter hill]

I mean, Cambridge labels it as an idiom so

[agile crow]

Really? Interesting

[somber mango]

Hello

Is it dead chat

I think so

Bruh

[real wedge]

Bruh

[tidal lily]

Bruh

[boreal ingot]

It's for asking questions about the English language, not for chatting

[candid charm]

/START

[boreal ingot]

[boreal ingot]

Does he sound Irish?

https://youtu.be/Dj6uTqPHdi0?t=955

[soft sun]

i was searching about the word 'coherent' and i'm confused where can i use it

i found some examples like this

"When she calmed down, she was more coherent"

but can i use like this?

"maybe i was not coherent with that example"

[boreal ingot]

Seems alright, yeah

the word just means 'logical and well-organised'

[soft sun]

yeah makes sense, thanks for the help

[unreal moat]

Hello I can help you humanize your work

If you have typed and used AI i help in getting rid of the AI

[signal shell]

I could believe it, but I feel uncertain honestly. I don't know why.

[boreal ingot]

oo :0

I thought for sure he'd be Irish

How queer this is

[signal shell]

I found this on his profile, if that means anything

[boreal ingot]

I mean, he could just live there

[signal shell]

Very true. Honestly, his accent does sound somewhat Irish

But also very transatlantic, if that's the right word to describe it

[grim panther]

Is there anyone Vietnamese here?

[forest solar]

There is an undertone of Irish probably Cork area, but it seems to be wrapped in an English accent, possibly mid west.

[flat rune]

second version, is it correct? - According to my research, since 2020, your clients have written a number of significant movies, including "title", "title" and "title".

[cobalt geyser]

Can someone teach me English please?

[near crescent]

and me i want like u

[viral horizon]

I want to ask a question that, what is the difference between happy and thrill, is there any core differences or any psychological phenomena between them, please help me in understanding this.

[grim panther]

Happiness is a response to something that has happened or is happening well.

Nervousness is a response to something that is about to happen, but is still uncertain.

[viral horizon]

Thanks, but I have asked question between happiness and thrillness

[forest solar]

Thrill is like the 'happy' feeling you may get going down a vertical 300m rollercoaster. Happy is everything else that does not make you sad.

Thrill is almost gaining pleasure from danger

[viral horizon]

Thanks peo, but as a student my opinion is that the thrillness is an extraordinary situation which makes you happy and your brain can't understand it quickly but after 2 to 5 seconds, when your brain process the situation makes you happy.
Like when someone got a good news which is extremely excited, sometimes we started crying because our brain is not processing it quickly.

[somber mango]

I asked for help but no one answered that's why I said dead chat

[forest solar]

That works also

[viral horizon]

Thank you

[forest solar]

Where was the question?

[viral horizon]

Can we discuss more like that, to increase our knowledge

[forest solar]

I'm sure someone answers most questions here

[viral horizon]

What is the difference between could, would and should. And usage for each of them in sentence

[signal shell]

I mean, clearly "want feet?" is a valid English question. Idk why you guys wouldn't reply to that. (I'm being sarcastic)

[signal shell]

Maybe this helps
https://7esl.com/would-should-could/

[grim panther]

can you tell me the difference between have been and have had,i don't know how to use it

[foggy tinsel]

Search on youtube there are many teachers on YouTube and you can find natives teachers American English and they have already explained these on Thier channels

[rapid bison]

least useful clarification 😭

[tulip perch]

I agreen't

[verbal fiber]

both “have had” and “have been” are in the present perfect tense.

• “Have been” is used when you are telling of a past action that continues into the present.

Ex. “I have been a student.” In this example the person states they “have been” a student, indicating a past action of being a student.

[there are many more ways to use “have/has been,” I just stated one.]

• “Have had” is used when you have possession of something in the past which continues into the present.

Ex. “I have had a car for three years.” In this example, the car is possessed by the speaker and is still owned in the present.

[there are many more ways to use “have had,” I just stated one.]

[cunning arch]

how to open a webcam on the chats?

[flat rune]

Just after reading for a few minutes, I’ve been intrigued by the book.
is the grammar correct?

[wanton mauve]

Hey ,wanna something to read plz to improve ma language

[boreal ingot]

Yes, that seems correct

Although, if it's not for an exercise in passive voice, I'd avoid it there

But grammatically it's good

[forest solar]

There are two things I would say need adjusting. first: The 'just' is ok in its position and is used there, but without the time clause. So One would say "Just after reading the book, I fell asleep" However with this time clause, you should put the just with the time..."After reading for just a few minutes...".

Secondly the tense you use (present perfect) indicates starting in the past and continuing now, is inconsistent with the time clause which is indicating close to the present moment, and not very long into the past, so it would be better to just use the present tense... "After reading for just a few minutes, I am intrigued by the book"

[boreal ingot]

Although, it would br much much more natural to put the 'just' before 'a few'

[boreal ingot]

Lmao great explanation

[forest solar]

Sorry I saw you typing half way through my response.... and knew you would catch me with a similar answer.

🦸‍♀️ up up and .....

[boreal ingot]

While I agree it would be more natural to say 'I am intrigued', I don't think there is any inconsistency of tense originally. The present perfect is often used to indicate something in the very recent past ('Heavens, why have you slapped me!?'), and I think that is what it's doing here.

After only a few pages, this book has intrigued me.
The above is a more natural sentence with the same tenses and what have you, and it's natural, if it would be better with 'am intrigued'

[forest solar]

Wouldn't it be more natural to hear " Why did you slap me?"

[boreal ingot]

Yes, it's certainly more natural and common (I think Americans tend to use 'just' and the simple past instead of the present perfect), but that usage of the present perfect does exist

So in terms of how grammatical the original was, I suppose the only mistake was the positioning of the 'just'. In terms of fluidity/naturalness, maybe there is more to be said

[forest solar]

Your intrigued example is consistent with my arguement. I suggest that a few pages takes some time to read and so using the present perfect fits, but the 'just a few minutes' of reading is more indicative of 'just now' and so present. That's all I am trying to suggest

Although I agree a few pages may only take a just a few minutes, so we are aguing over seconds

It could go either way.

[boreal ingot]

I think the book intriguing one could start after any amount of time or pages. It's the fact that the intriguing just happened that the present perfect indicates, rather than after how long it happened

When you walk into the room and announce 'I have arrived'

Arriving could have taken you several hours

But the arrival itself just happened

So you can use the present perfect

Likewise, when you become intrigued, you can announce 'This book has intrigued me!'

Regardless of how long the book took to do so

Silly example

I have returned after so long fighting for my life in the bathroom, what did I miss?

(fighting took long, return just happened)

Goodness, I've got to go to sleep now, though

May your day be blessed, ta-ta

[forest solar]

Generally you must use present perfect. Saying I am arriving, is only something you say as you hover across the floor of the room from the door to your final seating position. I ammmmmm aaaaarrrrrriiivvvvvinnnnggggg........

🏃‍♀️‍➡️

[tidal lily]

Thanks same to you

[gloomy river]

Both "have been" and "have had" are forms of the Present Perfect tense. This tense connects the past to the present. The general formula for the Present Perfect is: Subject + have/has + Past Participle.

"Have been" is the present perfect form of the verb "to be." It talks about states of being or visiting places.
Formula:Subject + have/has + been

"Have had" is the present perfect form of the verb "to have." It talks about experiences, possessions, or receiving something.
Formula:Subject + have/has + had

Hope it helps! 🙂

[acoustic geyser]

Hello

What's different between:
Going for London
Going to London

[paper robin]

The first is a statement
The second is a question

[acoustic geyser]

Shouldnt have added the question mark

[paper robin]

Ohhhh

Going for London means you are going to a specific place because of London, because you want to see it or do something there.

• Ex: I am going to Britain for London.
• Similar ex: I am going to Britain to see London

Going to London means you are going to the place London.

• Ex: I am traveling to London
• Similar ex: I am driving to London

[boreal ingot]

Besides what Sinful has said, you can use 'go for' to indicate something is your goal:

• I'm going for the top spot.
• I'm going for that job.

You can also use it as going somewhere briefly to get or have something:

• I'm going for a snack.
• I'm going for a drink.
• I'm going for a walk.

You can't use 'going to' for these. You can use it indicate future action though:

• I'm going to play a game.
• I'm going to go for the top spot.

There is a subtle difference between 'head to' and 'head for', though. 'I'm headed to London' means London is your goal location, while 'I'm headed for London' means you're direction is London but you may not stop there. Similar to the difference between 'to' and 'toward' but less strong a difference

[somber mango]

Why would I send the question if it is dead chat
And that's a server that you learn not arguing about dead chat

[boreal ingot]

It's best that this chat isn't constantly flooded with messages, as that would bury the questions. You have a higher chance of someone who knows how to answer you answering you when your question isn't above 120 messages of general yammer. The idea is that you post the question and wait

[tawdry mason]

-When we get home, we are going to have dinner.

-I know they will feel very happy if they win the match.

-They’ve already decided on their next summer holiday. They are going to do a tour of Norway.

-She thinks that the Take That concert will be really exciting.

-“What are your plans for this evening?” I am going to meet my friends and then go to a birthday party.

--If you revise for the exam, I’m sure you will get a good result.

-The weather forecast is good for the next few days. It will be very sunny.

-I can’t come on the march tomorrow. I am going to look after my cousins.

-In the future, I think humans will wipe out many different species.

-He is buying some butter and eggs because he is going to make a cake later.

-This homework is very easy. I know we will do it very quickly.

-In five years’ time, I will be at university.

-She wants to get her mum a birthday present. But she isn’t going to buy it today.

-Their suitcases are packed. They are going to go on holiday.

-If we go to Paris, we will take lots of pictures.

-My brother thinks it will snow tomorrow.

-It’s very late! Hurry up or we will be late for work.

-Look at that boy at the top of that tree! He is going to fall.

-When we go home, we are going to watch TV. We don’t want to miss our favourite programme.

-I’m sure they will lose the match.

-It’s very hot in here. I will open the window.

-It’s a secret! OK I won’t tell anyone.

-My cousin is going to work in the UK for a year.

-I will love you forever.

-I’m thirsty. I will get you a glass of water. ı have small future tens homeworkis it truee ??

ı doubt 1

[paper robin]

-I can’t come to the march tomorrow. I am going to look after my cousins.

-In five year's time, I will be (in a/at the) university.

-She wants to get her mum a birthday present but she isn’t going to buy it today.

But otherwise, you did amazing! I'm so proud of you :3

[tawdry mason]

thank you

[paper robin]

You're welcome! :3

[tawdry mason]

Should I add some more?

[paper robin]

What's the minimum amount ?

(Also don't add a space between the word and a ?, I just do that as a weird typing quirk; it's not grammatically correct.)

[tawdry mason]

-My brother will be 45 in October.

-The phone is ringing and I’m in the shower!

-Don’t worry Mark, I will answer for you.

-James Jones will probably become the next President.

-Mum is unemployed but she isn’t going to apply for that job because it isn’t well-paid.

-I’m so excited! We are going to move to a bigger house next month.

-My parents will be very proud, I have passed all the exams.

-I think my sister will pass the exam, she has studied very hard so far.

-I am going to take the kids to the mountains this winter.

-There isn’t any milk left in the fridge.

-I know, I am going to do the shopping this afternoon.

-There isn’t any milk left in the fridge.

-Oh sorry, I will give you some juice instead.

-Look at the clouds, it is going to rain; you should take an umbrella!

-There’s a knock at the door; that will be the postman.

-Boys will be boys!

-When the cat is away, the mice will play.

-I’m not feeling well, I am going to faint.

-It’s 11:00 pm; I think I will go to bed now.

-She is going to meet them at 6:00 pm.

-That will be the book you are looking for.

-There is going to be a gale.

-Sally is a big girl now, we are going to buy her a scooter. this much

[tawdry mason]

ı understand ,sorry

[paper robin]

@jovial blade I'm free if you wanna dm me!

[paper robin]

Sorry, I took a nap, let me look over this now :3

[spice swan]

Is this where all the natives hang out

[paper robin]

-The phone is ringing and I’m in the shower! Don’t worry Mark, I will answer for you. (These two should be together as they're part of the same subject)

-There isn’t any milk left in the fridge. I know, I am going to do the shopping this afternoon. (These two should be together as they're part of the same subject)

-There isn’t any milk left in the fridge. Oh sorry, I will give you some juice instead. (These two should be together as they're part of the same subject)

-There’s a knock at the door**,** that will be the postman.
; is supposed to join two sentences together. "There's a knock at the door" is it's own sentence, but "that will be the postman" is an incomplete sentence. (I might be wrong on this one, but ; doesn't look right here.)

-I’m not feeling well, I think I am going to faint.
"I am going to faint" is more present tense, but "I think I am going to faint" implies that it won't happen right this second, so it would be the near future.

-It’s 11:00 pm; I will go to bed soon.
Same as the one above-It implies now, rather than in the near future.

-That will be the book you are looking for.
This sentence just doesn't feel like it belongs in the 'near future'. It implies that it is current, rather than in the future. There's no way to reword this without changing the entire sentence.

[paper robin]

Nope, this is jsut for questions about English

#💭｜general is where most fluent/native speakers hang out

[spice swan]

ok

[spice swan]

I’m mostly active there now

[boreal ingot]

:0 a fellow pre-?-space-putter :0

[paper robin]

YES!! :D

WE'RE FRIENDS NOW!!

GET STOLEN!

[boreal ingot]

OMG :D

[grim kite]

What we need now ____ more transparent, honest leaders.
is
are
Hey guys can you help me out? I came across this on FB and comments are divided

[boreal ingot]

Is

With 'what we need' always use 'is'

Even if the need is multiple (has several parts), it's still one need

[grim kite]

Ahh I see, thanks for clearing that up

[visual dock]

how Asian Americans fluent? Like actually I know they are born with English speaking environment but how can I achieve the goal as them in a non-English speaking country? May I ask some advice?

[paper robin]

The environment helps a lot, that being said, if you keep practicing, you will get better. If you want fluency like Asian Americans quickly, you are going to want to actually be in the environment; it will force you to learn the language or be stuck behind a language barrier.

[visual dock]

you know, i can’t afford a trip to America nor any English language based country, it sucks. Welp, my last option could be another Discord server that regionally based in America. Indeed, thx fr help ❤️

[paper robin]

Yep! Always :3

#💭｜general #🫂｜beginner-chat for main chats

[boreal ingot]

'We're all dying. That's what defines the condition of living.'
What does 'condition' mean here?

The requirement/stipulation to be living is to be dying?

The state of living is to be dying?