#science-help
1 messages · Page 8 of 1
Yeah
ah oky okay
if any of you figure it out lmk
We make 2 cases
In first we incident light ray from infinity on comvex lens
That makes an image I1 at 30cm if the concave lens wasnt there
Now, because the concave lens is there, the ray is diverged a bit
So the image I1 becomes object for the concave lens
Now distance of I1 from concave lens is 30-8= 22cm
Put this in lens formula
Then we get 1/v = 1/22-1/20
Thus v(the final image distance from concave lens is) = -220 cm
Which is at 216cm from the mid point of the lens system
In the second case we incident a light ray from infinity on the concave lens
Which makes an image I1 at a dist of 20cm from it
Thus I1 becomes a object for the convex lens
And distance of I1 from convex lens is 28cm
So using the lens formula we get 1/v = 1/30-1/28
So v = -420
Cm
i got 216cm from the midpoint
Uhhj yeah thats a confusion of mine
did you add d/2?
How is it 216
Yeah but why does sign convention matter
Its just distance no?
but the nature of image distance is negative indicating its diverging nature right?
This results in the distance from center being 416cm
So both distances are different at the end of the day
Thus
The side from which it is incident matters
And there can be no effective focal length
Becaue there is significant gap between the lenses
Bro
Someone explain ts
😭
Mever mind
I got it
😭😭😭
My diagram was wrong
Idk how the diagram is supposed to be drawn
But mathematically
216 and 416 are the distances in respective cases
Bro actually
Fuck this question
Its mind fuck
jee pyqs were easier than this 😭 😭
Fr 😭😭😭

Our teacher taught us this formula but i didn't know it's not in ncert😭😭😭
Wait yall doin ncert questions
Damn which means i am gonna fail cause i did 0 ncert questions
-5 marks
oh im gonna lose much more than that dont worry
not a single derivation is stuck in my brain
Bro 😭😭😭
the unfortunate truth
that shit took me so long
and i didnt get few q's in the exercise because its so weirdly hard
Can you tell me which ones they are so I can skip 😭
bro its also cause im dumb 😭
i skipped 9.20 (you told that one), 9.27 part b cause i didnt get it, 9.29 cause i dont know how a cassegrain telescope works, and i had to see solution for 9.31
why tf is there a cassegrain telescope seriously
cbse boards 🤭
torture 💔
sheesh so glad i'm not in cbse then 😌
like omg mh boards gave us 2 day gap for chem and 1 day gap for maths now???
eating good yall
😌
because the circuital element y is identified as the capacitor filter
anyone here?
What's the circuit configuration of this? (As in what resistors are series and parallel to each other)
I need to find Resistance R_ab?
motivate me to love the subject science
calcutale the equivalent of series resistor then the equivalent parallel resistor then….dump the all calculation on the ohm law ( V = IR ) then you will get the voltage across every resistor
through my calculation
V1 - 0.37v
V2 - 1.22v
V3 - 1.74v
V4 - 6.67v
the total resistance from a to b is approx 1kohm or simply 1000ohm
@flint venture Assume
R1 = 1 ohms
R2 = 3.3 ohms
R3 = 4.7 ohms
R4 = 18 ohms
What Resistors are connected in series and in parallel?
R2 , R3 , R4 are in series where as R1 is parallel (parallel with R2+R3+R4)
@flint venture R1 short circuits, meaning no current flows into it, where R1, R2 and R3 are parallel.
I appreciate your help though, thanks
you can convert it into this and get what you want simple diagram
can anyone help me with this question?
thankkkkssssss
btw can u say me where i can buy this type of copies
i was looking for it
the notebook?
yeah
i bought it off amazon
can u give me the link? in my dm
if you want i can send you a link to one
yes please
okayy
can you send one to me too? thanks!
holy moly pretty handwriting
haha thank youu <3
someone balance this equation 😭
this feels like a fever dream, HELLA GOOD HANDWRITING WTF
@sturdy arrow you gotta take a look at that beauty
3 8 3 2 4
ty
Tyy :3
yww :3
omg tytyy ^^
😭😭😭🎀💓💓
u should probably give a tutorial of ur handwriting lmao
its too good
haha I just might,, it’d be a great side hustle
YES
Guys i need good online courses for general biology. Biotech, biophysics, bio engineering also work. Anything but medical
try out an edx program
use electron balance
it’s more easier to balance redox equations
check it out on youtube I think it’s not too hard
ah good old highschool days
I’m actually in highschool bro xD
i think i can help u out w that ^^
i have my boards the day after too
wow at last a ray hope
i lost hope after physics paper
plss teach me teacher
real
i mean i can learn the formulas
but sometimes i don't understand the question itself
don't know to how to start it
and i also get confused between molarity and molality
so what do you think i should do
the more questions surrounding a certain topic you do, you'll be able to find patterns in what is being asked and how to go about it
are there certain topics in the chapter whose questions ur more confused by?
the whole of chemistry🙂
but resoning questions i find it difficult
related to organic
and biomolicules ig
biomolecules is pretty easy if you're taking bio
i do have bio but the glucose related stuff is hard to understand in that
yeah thats understandable
maybe break the section down into smaller subsections to make it easier to understand and to read also
and go through each section on by one
Yeah that's the thing about me I get bored easily
I would study like 5 min and then take a whole day brake
But don't know how I get the mood of studying just a day before the exam
i get bored easily too
and i tend to put off studying till the last minute
if i don't feel like studying,, i'll maybe read a bit of a chapter, and have some goal in mind like i'll finish this section/page and even after reaching that goal you still don't feel like studying then move on to a different chapter
i usually listen to music for the first hour or two until i actually feel like studying
obviously it does get a little boring but we're no longer in a position where we can afford to skip studying yk
Yeah right now I'm just thinking of doing pyq's it helps
But looking back I did the same for physics but not even one same question came in my set
oof what set did you get
set 3 screwed literally everyone over lol
Then your paper would have been easier
Yep
Delhi had the hardesr set
It even had question of jee
alot of my friends who got that set were talking about jee pyqs being in the paper
Hopefully chemistry will go better
yeah hopefullyy
you could also do chapter wise questions like question banks or the exercises, that way you can cover all the topics without having to read the chapter
Hey can you teach me the reasoning questions??
I find it hard to learn
Do you have any trick m
assertion reasoning?
Well like normal quesuions also
Theory mainly ig
Like deciding the strength and stuff
for theory questions you gotta know the theory first of all
but you can kind of make out what kind of questions could be asked from each section
you can study more efficiently that way
So like do I have to study the full of battery
wdym by strength??
Or is there something like important in that
pretty much
Like deciding strength of basicity and acidity
in organic?
haha okayy just give me a minute
k
since it's on the basis of vbt, we cant state pairing takes place because its a strong field ligand because thats a part of crystal field theory, right?
or am i wrong cause everywhere they're using the strong ligand logic
which is right but they said on the basis of vbt
yeah ur right you can't state the reason to be because of sfl
since its a concept thats apart of cft and not vbt
yeah okay thanks
@thorny gyro You can assume pairing of electrons in most cases for SFL without CFT. *CFT is the talk on the basis of Pairing energy and CFSE.
VBT - Pairing of unpaired electrons on the basis of ligand type.
CFT- Pairing of unpaired electrons on the basis of CFSE and Pairing energy.
*If there was no talk about Pairing of electrons in VBT. How are we able to find out about Hybridisation and shape?
Coordination number, if its 6 then octa hedral or if 4 then tetrahedral more on if you want to know hybridization just have oxidation no. Start filling electrons and see how many left vaccant d s p orbitals, if hybridization comes to be d2sp3 then it in inner orbital if sp3d2 then outer
Correct me if i am wrong 🫡🤝
COORDINATION NUMBER WON'T HELP YOU FIND HYBRIDISATION.
I aint sayin that i said structure
The structure depends on hybridisation
And hybridisation on VBT
Or a theory
Try the trick out i can assure you get it
6 = octa
4 = tetra
Take a random complex
6 is Octa for Both SFL and WFL
Yea well i said that..
But 4
Tetra
Yea. Most probably tetra
Try solving boards PYQ.
Well you know what tmrw is ma boards exam
Ay i gotchu but hear me out
Sq planar is rare in boards
Thats some jee type shit
Nah
its written in the textbook that its predicted by the knowledge of magnetic behaviour
like for co(nh3)6 we know its diagmagnetic and then we conclude that pairing occurs because otherwise it'll be paramagnetic
Page no?
Wait let me clarify
in the latest tb its 129
Yea got it
Read the top most para.
It tells us that we can predict the geometry through knowledge of magnetic behaviour
On the basis of VBT.
VBT talks about SFL and WFL
For most cases SFL pairs the unpaired electrons
Hence it becomes diamagnetic
Now if we have have an empty orbital
It will participate in the bonding
a literal drawback of vbt is that is doesnt differentiate between ligands
if you can show me one statement in the tb IN vbt where it states pairing happens because its a strong ligand ill take my word back
It doesn't explain paramagnetic behaviour properly
^
Just wait a few min
yeah sure
Turn to magnetic Properties of compounds last para
Page 130
The line "this anomaly is explained by VBT"
And guess what
NCERT doesn't give a descriptive picture about SFL and WFL
In VBT
They put that as limitations
That VBT doesn't differentiate SFL and WFL
VBT made an assumption
That the following complexes form Inner or outer orbital complexes
Now that was explained by SFL and WFL
what you said makes sense
TL;DR
but since its not an outright statement
Ncert is useless
mentioned anywhere
yeah i agree
this shit is confusinf
and they dont know how to write books
but thank you
They make books, so that author can learn how to "NOT" write textbooks.
If you have any doubt in organic chem please ask. 🙏
It will be helpful for me
i will sure
i need to finish my syllabus first 😭
Anyways good luck.
I give up
D and F block aur Chemical Kinetics is still left.
Well those ones are easy mine is biomolecules
Still left i am dying
does anyone have a good book that introduces gene editing?
textbook?
Bruce alberts does a fantastic job at describing processes tangential to gene editing and modern techniques like CRISPR
Yes? Due to resonance?
yea it's nonaromatic bc one carbon is sp3
is anyone good with significant figures in chemistry/physics?
can someone teach me the important concepts of molecular basis of inheritance
A rectangular solid box of length 0.3 m is held horizontally,
with one of its sides on the edge of a platform of height 5 m.
When released, it slips off the table in a very short time
τ = 0.01 s, remaining essentially horizontal. The angle by
which it would rotate when it hits the ground will be (in
radians) close to
Hello fellows, can anyone please help me solve this question?
Hey, I need help with the following problem: a proton beam is used to generate antiprotons. Following reactions are at play: pp->pp+p\bar{p} and pn->pn+p\bar{p}. What kinetic energy does the proton beam need so that one antiproton can be generated. Use m_p=m_n=1GeV
can u resend?
Hey, I need help with the following problem: a proton beam is used to generate antiprotons. Following reactions are at play: pp->pp+p\bar{p} and pn->pn+p\bar{p}. What kinetic energy does the proton beam need so that one antiproton can be generated. Use m_p=m_n=1GeV
An infinitely long, straight wire lies along the x axis. It carries a steady current I in the positive x direction. An electron is placed at a distance r from the wire. It is given a velocity v in the positive x direction (parallel to the wire).
In the ground frame, the electron experiences a magnetic force due to the wire’s magnetic field. As the velocity is parallel to the wire, the force is directed away from the wire and is, F = qvB, where q is the charge of electron, v is the velocity of the electron and B is the magnetic field at that point.
Consider an observer who is moving alongside the electron with the same velocity v. In his frame, the electron is at rest. Hence force arising from the magnetic field is 0. However, he also sees the electron move away from the wire. This is due to a force!
In the moving frame, the wire is no longer neutral. Due to relativistic length contraction, the positive charges and the negative charges in the wire are no longer in the same situation! There is a net charge accumulation on the wire. This charge imbalance creates an electric field which exerts a force on the electron.
Show that the force which we get from the ground frame is equal to the force which we get from the moving frame.
Can anyone help me with this question?
I did try but am kinda hitting a roadblock. If you want we can try it together as well.
Ping me while replying
If you are good at chemistry, stuff with pH, Ka, Kb, pOH, acids/bases , iontic balance , msg me , I need help asap, I have like 5-10 questions I need to be answered and chat gpt is answering like its out of tune
bro AI is cooked when it comes to acid-bases
oh no i am late! but if ur okay thennhit me those questions, I'll solve them for you tomorrow morning
Can someone explain the 8th one
which part of the problem are you having trouble with?
The approach, I did half of it, finding the heat needed to convert that 0° C ice to 0°C water (8000 calories) and that 80°C water to 0°C water, (80, 000 calories) but after that I didn't understand what to do exactly
8000 calories is correct. You don't need to calculate the calories needed to turn 80C water into 0C water.
Now those 8000 calories will be provided by the 80C water. So then you can calculate the change in temperature of the 300 g of water that started from 80C. So you will have 100 g of water at 0C and 300 g of water at a less than 80C temperature and you can take the weighted average of them to find the final temperature.
Oh alright now I understand
Thank youu!
HELLO GUYS I RECENTLY GOT MY EXAM RESULTS AND I WAS IN PANIC MODE AS I DISNT STUDY AT ALL LIKE ONLY 3 4 DAYS BEFORE THE EXAM AND I WAS SUPRISED AS THE RESULTS WAS I PASSED WITH 50 OUT OF 70 IN ALL MY SUBJECTS WHERE AS THE WHOLE CLASS AVERGAE WAS 17 OUT OF 70 LIKE ONLY 20 GOT GOOD MARKS 50 STIUDENSTS FAILED IN MORE THANONE SUBJECT SO I KNOW THAT I CAN ACHIVE ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE BUT STILL LACK THA WILL FOR HARWDWORK THE DRIVE SO SOMEONE TELL ME HOW TO IMPROVE AS I KNOW I CAN I WANT BUT I LACK THE HARDWORK
I guess you need to also calculate the calories needed to turn 80 deg C water into 0 deg C water. Coz if that came out to be less than 8000 cal then all ice won't melt!
Yeah you're right, cause the solution online (similar question but different numbers) the calories to convert water to 0°C was less than ice at 0 C to water at 0 C, so the final temperature came out to be 0°C
how do we compare if a compound with more than 2 chiral centers is erythro or threo compound?
afaik, suppose we have three chiral centres, namely in sequence A,B,C
then we check for A and B and then for B and C and then name it separately
like in RS config you say 2R, 3S
similarly we say, 2 erythro, 3 threo or anything that is the ans!
i see! thanks!!
someone please explain this :((
i think you chose B seeing that Cu+1 has full d orbital but you overlooked that it goes underway disproportionation, Cu+2 will be more stable as it doesn't go underway disproportionation
btw it's a common trend to check if it goes under disproportionation in such question type so keep that in mind next pyq
just wrote disproportionation 4 times, kms
examgoal user spotted 😌
ohhhh got it thanks :>
yup
I would also consider diamagnetic/paramagnetic properties, as copper II contains an unpaired electron in a given orbital, thus generating a greater affinity to an electric field
the opposite is true for copper I (diamagnetic), so it is repelled by a given magnetic field
Hello guys I'm preparing for the ijso
I'm planning to study from general chem by raymond chang
How can i get on with it if anyone has studied from it and if possible please provide some tips for the exam as well
Can someone explain redox titration?
how do yall memorise sm in short time?
every line has like 3 things i gotta remember minimum
but have super less time
help pls 😭
(biology) - mostly human physiology
Someone help me pls
In the mRNA you reverse the adn but instead of putting the T you put U
T=> A
A=> U instead of T
C=> G
G => C
And protein I'm sorry i don't remember exactly
Search?
would just be the corresponding amino acid
Yea exactly
English is not my first language so i didn't know how to say it
Thanks
for sure nw
Good day, everyone. I am currently working on a research assignment and I am seeking insights specifically related to Malaysia. If there are any Malaysian individuals here who would be willing to have a brief chat, I would greatly appreciate your time and assistance.
🙏 May I ask, what are the most well-known or commonly used herbal food supplements in your country? Thank you in advance for your time and help! 
guys can u draw R 4 kloro 2 pentın , and oksıran(with steroch)
what are some easiest ways to get my paper cited??
but you forgot that when in a normal sequence of DNA we change just the A to U
and the mutated one we change all of the like you said
publish in a high impact journal that has a lot of eyes on it
Well I am interested in reading your paper
All jokes aside, get in contact with a professor
and say you want to get a paper published
maybe do some work on the side for him/her
hii anybody here that's cool with studying together in the subject of pharmaceutical manufacturing?
best channels to learn c basic or c programming language
is this a statement or a question
Question
got it, please put a little more effort into asking questions
you can audit harvard courses for free, you only pay money if you want the certificate
this book has been teaching people for like thirty years
http://knking.com/books/c2/index.html
i don't really know what you mean by channels, these are the normal channels of learning anything
if you mean youtube channels, i wouldn't recommend following a series from a youtube channel without first trying established resources like these because these organizations actually have skin on the line to make something accurate and decent
A container AB in the shape of a rectangular parallelopiped of length 5 m is divided internally by a movable partition P as shown in the figure .The left compartment is filled with a given mass of an ideal gas of molar mass 32 while the right compartment is filled with an equal mass another ideal gas of molar mass 18 at same temperature .What will be the distance of P from the left wall A when equilibrium is established ?
A) 2.5m
B) 1.8m
C) 3.2m
D) 2.1m
Can someone help with answering this pleasee
the ans is 1.8 m
this is a wbjee pyq
they gave the masses of gass to be equal
so find moles of gases on each side of partition
n=(M/atomic mass)
for equilibrium pressure is equal
so use ideal gas equation
V1/n1 = V2/n2
since area of cross section same:
l1/n1 =l2/n2
i think u will be able to solve aftet this
Yuppp thankk youuu soo muchhh
Yeahhh
Can someone help with solving this please
Anyone here know how to explain the structural arrangement for ‘polysaccharides’ in carbohydrates cause I ‘m so clueless rn thanks chat
Polysaccharides = long chains of monosaccharides (simple sugars) joined together.
- The bond between them is called a glycosidic bond.Common ones:
- Starch: how plants store energy (made of glucose, mostly straight with some branches).
- Glycogen: how animals store energy (like starch, but more branched).
- Cellulose: gives structure to plant cell walls (straight chains of glucose, tightly packed).
dk how much this woul help
Ok this is great thanks sm
u have to use henderson huckelbatch
pH = pka - log (ac/Hac)
its a buffer solution so will be easier
yeahh i used that but the answer i'm getting is 10^-5
but the answer given is 2 x 10^-5
its a buffer solution
yo wait hol up
did u convert ml to L?
cauz
5*10^-4 right?
so.....
10^-3 off the top of my head
that divided by 5*10^-4
log 2
so 4.699 + log 2 = pka
this is 5 btw
so yea ka is 2 x 10^something
i did the calulation mentaly so no accuracy on significant digits
can someone please help me with this
"draw electron dot and cross structure of coordinate
covalent compounds, for example ammonium ion,
oxonium (hydronium) ion, aluminium tetrachloride anion,
adduct (addition product) of ammonia and boron
trifluoride;"
Anyone who can solve this question with proper steps?
Which grade r u in? If clg then we can just solve it using Fourier Transform
this solution is wrong right?
(cause C != Q/EA, thats the formula for electric field bw the capacitor and not capacitance)
yeah doesn't make sense
phew 😮💨
there is some french who can help me ?
Bonjur
I would like to ask question b
Using the formula Rate=k [a]^x [b]^y.....
Should i include OBr- in the formula to find the order of reaction?because the question already mentioned that OBr- is a catalyst, so it isn't a reactant, so can't include it in the formula?
But the question gave a values of the concentration of OBr- , so i guess its a trick question or something? and they even ask the order of reaction. so i guess that the order of reaction is 0?
what's up lads. At this stage I actually do not know what I'm fucking doin/I have absolutely no engineering or robotics background. This is supposed to be a lamp that's turning on at a specific time(5 a.m.) but now I am stumped by what to do next/I got all the coding done as I'm a comp.science student but welding is getting me freaking out.
is anyone taking microbio
your wireing is giveing me a heart attack lol
it is shorting out?
also i am sure u need 2 data pins for the relay
Nah, it's not even a circle yet.The way it is wired now is depicted on the diagram😩
anyone have any clue how the hell this answer came from this q
never seen anything like it on the psych spec so im lost
is using correlational methods for test retest standard??
dont compleat the circle its gonna short lol
So anything approaching extremely close to a blackholes event horizon (say within 0.01 mm) will be blasted by the extremely blue-shifted cmb radiation, effectively vaporizing organic matter. But if something approached the blackhole fast enough, could it then cancel out the blue shifting with its speed to the point it wasn't vaporized at the event horizon by the blue-shifted cmbr?
No. As you fall in, the gravitational blueshift of incoming CMB photons grows like (r–rs) ^−1/2, while any Doppler redshift from your fall only scales like (r–rs) ^1/4.
In the limit r→rs, the net blueshift still diverges, so no finite infall speed can prevent the CMB from being infinitely energetic at the horizon.
In other words, the gravitational blueshift “wins”—no matter how close to c you go, the CMB photons still end up arbitrarily energetic as r→rs.
Hope it makes sense!
You can also solve your question with that "something". What IS that something? Try to imagine that 😄
Maybe this helps to
🤓
Brother Gilles, back to studying physics or just dabbling?
Need to keep the brain active :))
Hey
can someone help me studying Optics?
wat in optics?
Mirrors and lenses
are u in highschool or collage
cauz "mirrors and lenses" is not a lot to go by
i did study optics like 4 years ago 1 year in uni i dont remembre much but i can try what do you need help with ?
U mean it’s that easy?
i mean its a comman chapter in hs and first year in collage
also its a popular chapter for exams like the csat, jee and gaokao
so ppl comeup with "short cuts" n stuff
U do know that not all people had the same education?
thats why i am asking which level do u want help with?
cauz the topic is vast
@obtuse rampart wha do you need help wih
Well I appreciate ur willing to help but I don’t like ur attitude
i am not a native english speaker
i am sry if i sounded rude
U good floof dw
thenku but i feel sad for some reasion
What they mean (from what I understand) is that it’s a common subject for both high school and first year in university, which leads to confusion - and in addition to that, various tests include material on “mirrors and lenses”, for which some material can be glossed over whilst retaining high grades
Come here amazefloof 🫂 
U trying to help is all, dw ;3
Oki den, gud luckkkkk
i did last semester. whats the matter?
we are half way into the semester, and i kinda bombed the first two lecture exams... ive taken courses that i thought were harder than this one but i guess i underestimated it.. any advice when it comes to studying the subject?
Anyone here know C#?
how is this an AND gate ?
Hello guys, i saw you told about AI, so i want to ask your advice!
AI acts strangely and has become bad at giving me theory and notes, as well as constantly spoiling my problem solving and practice. I can't avoid this, so instead of writing "Explain arrays to me," I decided to find the language documentation and study it. Did I by any chance cross over to another circle of hell? Haha, I'm just starting out and I'm worried that the documentation will defeat me.😅
both inputs have to be 10 V for the output to also be 10 V
yeah but how does it work?
when both inputs are at 10 V no current flows so V out is 10 V.
if one input is less than 10 V then current will flow toward that input and V out will be less than 10 V
oh , thanks
My C ain’t sharp enough to be of use to you, sorry
Kekwait
Is mathematical expression for LC oscillator and a Simple harmonic oscillator similar?
lc is a harmonic oscillator tho
lambda is 2pi sqrt(LC)
u prolly studied lc oscillations and damped oscillations
in lcr circuits
Yes yes
Does anyone know about mechanotransduction?
Guys if a body is changing it’s direction of motion but not it’s speed is it interaction with energy or without
Chat gpt says with but my book says without
Not sure what you mean by interaction with energy but since its speed doesn't change its kinetic energy also doesn't change. Its momentum, however, does change because it is a vector.
Ohh okayyy thank you SOO much ☺️
you're welcome :)
I just want to know why we take potential energy final as Kq²/a and not 0 (since both charges C and D went to infinity, potential energy final must be 0)
the initial configuration of the four charges has a lower potential energy than the final configuration (just the two positive charges), so you need to expend energy to go from the initial configuration to the final
intuitively, the negative charges are attracted to the positive ones so you need to expend energy to move them away to infinity
Ik I require some energy to move them away to infinity.
But what I'm saying is this
I'm using Potential energy final - potential energy initial (Uf - Ui)to get the required energy.
Potential energy final is the potential energy of the point where I took the charges (C and D to infinity) and potential energy initial is the potential energy of initial configuration
So Uf must be 0 since distance is infinite
And Ui will be (-√2Kq²)/a cuz of initial configuration
And after using Uf - Ui, I get +√2Kq²/a, which is wrong.
And answers which I saw in Google don't take Uf =0, why?
just like the potential energy initial is the potential energy of the initial configuration, the potential energy final is the potential energy of the final configuration, which is the charges at A and B, essentially removing the charges at C and D.
I see
The electric potential energy is defined for a system of charges. To say that the electric potential energy is zero at infinity doesn't make sense because this potential energy is not a property of the space but a property of a system of charges. The correct thing to say is that the electric potential at infinity is zero, which is also a convention.
The electric potential and the electric potential energy are different things, but related.
Can we say electric potential is zero at a point in infinity?
you can, but remember that this is just a convention that makes calculations easier
you're welcome
hii, i have some questions regarding fluid mechanics (heat transfer and pumps), could someone here help me with these topics or guide me on how to solve them?
Can anyone help me how to study electrostatics like I know basics still I am not able to answer basic questiyon and feel bored I just want to know how to study it effectively
develop a strong understanding of the units
and practice problems
i used ak lectures and the organic chemistry tutor
ak lectures for a conceptual understanding, then the oct for practice problems
using college material is also a good idea
you can use giancoli
or physics for scientist and engineers
loads of challenging questions where you have to combine a load of concepts which makes it challenging
Thanks, @lyric dove nd @quartz comet ! I really appreciate the advice.
economics is also considered a science tho
anyone studying economics?? how about a chit-chat
cool
micro was so fun back then
macro is on my nerves
there's a cool playlist for micro on yt
do u want me to send it to u
ure in school?
What is economics? 0:38
People face tradeoffs 10:45
The cost of something is what you give up to get it 14:16
- Opportunity cost 15:43
People respond to incentives 21:48 - Types of incentives 22:53
People think at the margin 35:28
Trade can make everyone better off 43:22
Markets are usually the best way to organize economic activity 46:33
So...
this one is uni level
but it's really fun hes got a full playlist
feel free to explore
it follows a book called principles of economics
try watching lectures that are in your syllabus only
trust me college will have you do shit like this lol
i have my sems reaching in 2weeks and i got loads to study too
good luck
we're cooked 🤝
I just completed that chapter even I was confused a little bit, but I think I can help. Tell me ur doubts
What is the answer?
the flux is -16 from the left face and +32 from the right face so the total is +16 units
How 32 from the right side
x = 4 there, so the field is 8 units, and the area of the face is 4
But side of cube is 2
yes and the area is 2x2 = 4
No how x=4
left face is at x=2 and the right face is at x=4, as seen in the figure
no problem
Just make sure you calculate the initial and the final electric potential energy correctly, accounting for all pairs. The answer should be D.
do you know the formula for the electric potential energy between two charges?
yes, so you have to calculate that for all possible unique pairs
in the initial and final configuration
for 5 particles, there are 10 unique pairs
how to solve this
it looks like a mains pyq
find change in potential energy
-gMm/2r +gMm/r
equate it to KE
answer will be sqrt(gr)
Woah how do you know
sry wrote formula for force rather than energy, corrected it
why equating it to ke
its a very comman question i think 2023
ooh okay thanks
I have 3 days left to study for my science chem final (8 units) and I have 4 days left to study for my math alg/trig final (7 units) and haven’t really studied yet
We get a cheat sheet for chem just a page just front and for math 1 page front and back
How should I study and put on my sheets
Also I need to get an A because I’m both classes if I get a B I won’t get an A and I need an A
mug up stuff and try to solve varied questions on math
idk how big a unit is for u as it varies wildly per country but 15 units in 3-4 days is a tall task
its possible and many have done it dont get me wrong but a tall task none the less
i have seen ppl strugle with 60 units in 20 days which is roughly 3 units per day
u are doing 15 in 3 which is 5 a day
gl i guess
i dont mean to discourage u theres no harm trying i guess
guys i did it I ended with As in both classes 🙂
thank you for your help
Hello everyone! I am having a difficult time choosing between dentistry and pharmaceuticals studies. Can someone help me? Your knowledge, thoughts and experience on either fields can be very helpful!
Hi
congrats dude u pulled it off !
Anyone here???
I rlly need one help
Plsss
@here
Sorry for pinging all of em
I rlly need one help
Can u guys explain me plant hormones and animal hormones? And how human body act on release of adrenaline hormone, and also feedback mechanism?
from ai (since it's not my field):
?
sorry for the delayed response i dont really go to discord too often. i dont really know if there is any advice since i dont even know your syllabus. the general thing i did is after reading the part of the notes, i was closing my eyes and trying to review things i just read and then go back to it after some time. theres a lot of memorizing in microbio, just as in the whole biology field so i would suggest to review the material few times. but then ofc you can also just do a speedrun over one night (i did it and got b, cannot recommend tho)
Do we got physics here?
hey !! yeah i did a lot of active recall and it saved me !! i also got a B and glad its over ! thank you for taking the time to reply nonetheless.
What did I do wrong? - dimensions and dimensional analysis
c is cubed
x(0) = 0, v(0) = 0
v = b root(x)
dv/dt = b/2root(x) dx/dt = bv/2root(x) = b^2 root(x)/2root(x) = b^2/2
v(t) = b^2 t/2 + v(0) = b^2 t/2
v(τ) = b^2 τ/2
How b^2 came
substitute v with b root(x)
Ooooh
there's already a b there so it becomes b^2 after substitution
you're welcome
Can someone help me on this problem?
the angle between F2 and the x axis is also 20° I assume?
If so, then the net force along the x axis is: + F1 cos20° - F2 cos20° - μk N, where N is the normal force and assuming the block is moving to the right.
The net force along the y axis is: + F1 sin20° + F2 sin20° - mg + N = 0, zero because the block does not change its vertical position.
From the last equation you get N = mg - (F1 + F2) sin20°
So the net force becomes: Fnet = + F1 cos20° - F2 cos20° - μk [mg - (F1 + F2) sin20°] along the x axis.
And since Fnet = ma, then the acceleration is a = Fnet/m.
If you substitute the values of F1, F2, μk, m, cos20°, sin20° (use a calculator for the last two) and take g = 9.81 m/s/s, then you get a ~ 5.136 m/s/s
@open elbow
How can I find the tension in two angles?
are these two different tensions or the same one?
i'd assume different but i am #notgreatatphysics
The tensions at the ends of each string are equal. So you have tension T1 in the shorter string and tension T2 in the longer string. Then just use the fact that all blocks must have the same acceleration, and write the two equations equating the net forces for each pair of blocks. From that you get two linear equations with the two tensions as the two unknowns, then it's just a matter of linear algebra to find T1 and T2.
^ you also need to remember to model the two cubes separately on the left side of the question; when you're modelling the 3kg one, there is T1 (acting up the slope) working against friction AND working against T2 (the tension caused by the 5kg one)
<@&942391219206647828>
Id previously asked about what the wavelength of light exactly was in here, and I learned some, like that a 'beam of light' would take the path of least action within some (raidus?) the size of its wavelength around it, but outside of its wavelength it would not take paths that could be even faster than its current path.
So what exactly is wavelength? Is this some circular area tangent to its direction of motion it could possibly be found to exist in? Like matter within its wavelength could interact with that 'beam of light '?
I know many facts about wavelength but id like a deeper understanding of what it actually represents physically
Guys I have a doubt about hybridisation in genetic engineering
Anyone know the big difference between cs and applied cs ?
can anyone help me with this problem pls 
dang, that looks tough
dam psych major taking ochem is crazy
but 1) look at ur starting materials and reagents
then identify the reagents and understand what does what: 1. strong acid + alkene = formation of alcohol 2. h2cro4 (jones reagent) + alcohols -> oxidation, and since we have a secondary alcohol, we can only oxidize to a ketone. 3. this composition of reagents corresponds to a wolff-kishner reduction, so we are going to reduce the carbonyl to a bare chain; also, the C -> D step is just getting rid of the n2 group
its part of our curriculum man 
thank you so much 
meta analyses?
practice practice practice
if ur reading articles
I would read the abstract, then jump to the figures, granted you are familiar with the topic
I can't counter current multiplier mechanism, if anyone knows about a YouTube video which can explain it well, pls
concerning renal physiology?
u can never go wrong with a classic ak lecture
Donate here: http://www.aklectures.com/donate.php
Website video http://www.aklectures.com/lecture/countercurrent-multiplier-system-and-loop-of-henle
Facebook link: https://www.facebook.com/aklectures
Website link: http://www.aklectures.com
Yes
Thx alot 🤝
ofc my brother
Hey sorry to ping you but I am impressed with your orcganic chem knowledge and question solving approach I am preparing for an entrance exam have organic chem wanna know how to get so good at this just like you how to think like you did in this ques, and yeah I am geniunely impressed how you explained that so I am starting organic chem and looking for tips to make it strong got about time till nov. Please help asap bro, would appreciate it.
my brother been grinding like a real one
lol anyways do you have any advice for me
ask ai to summarize every paragraph (make sure it's not hallucinating too much), then read it before reading actual paragraph. it makes following the text way easier
hello!
i recommend developing a purpose to attribute meaning to the material
but more specifically
make sure that u have a strong foundation of general chemistry topics--though I don't if this applies in your country. i believe succeeding in organic chemistry requires a strong understanding of how electrons move and the properties of different elements
and when you come across new reagents, I would immediately create a flashcard
so that u end up having a library of reagents
idk what specific u are looking for so i don't know if this helps
but like with approaching a problem I would start by considering what reagents we have and how they react with a given molecule.. like if we have an oxidizing agent reacting with a ketone, we should know from content knowledge that further oxidation isn't possible, so no rxn occurs..
and for looking at compounds, there are ways to crudely discriminate between oxidation/reduction reagents
thank you so much
Okay so I get it you mean to say that I should know the basics or organic chemistry like all the electron displacement effects properties of hyperconjugation resonance mesomeric inductive effect and etc and should know the basic mechanisms. Then I should focus on noting down every reagent i come across properly so it would help me in future. And also I need to learn the ways in which I would be able to tell what a specific molecule or reagent does
btw I ap preparing for JEE it's an engineering entrance exam in India with chemistry as one of the core subject
syllabus covers foundational principles (GOC, isomerism, reaction intermediates), diverse hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics) and their reactions, and compounds containing functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, and halides. Key reactions include substitutions, additions, eliminations, and rearrangements. biomolecules, polymers, and everyday chemistry applications. a deeper understanding of reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry is crucial. Practical aspects like purification and qualitative analysis are also included.
Sorry for that long bulky message but just wanna show you the syllabus I am dealing with, so do you have some more specific advice for me ?
Hi, I have a question related to chemistry, there are two cases
I) chlorine with carboxylic acid, where it acts as an electron withdrawing group and increases the acidic character of carboxylic acid
II) in phenol, chlorine substitutent acts as an electron donating group and decreases acidic character.
So my question was that what factors decide chlorine to be either of them and why they do so differently for carboxylic acid and phenol
This topic is new to my syllabus and I am trying to understand the relations between reactions. So if anyone could help I will be really thankful.
can anyone help me out with this? ive kept trying
where is the part where u come to learn/understand the material?
crazy recommendation
imo
what's causing trouble? did u identify the longest chain then assign priorities
and r u familiar w/ naming dienes
yes
and idk if they want u to include stereochemistry
let me send what i thought it was
(7S)-2-bromo-7-chloro-8-ethyl-5-methyl-2,4-decadiene
yes they want stereochem
are u supposed to assign z and e?
hmm yes, but i'd try naming while ignoring R/S and do E/Z instead
correct me if i'm wrong!
haven't named stuff in awhile
after the first comma lol
I GUESS YOU MISSED THIS LOL
Okay so I get it you mean to say that I should know the basics or organic chemistry like all the electron displacement effects properties of hyperconjugation resonance mesomeric inductive effect and etc and should know the basic mechanisms. Then I should focus on noting down every reagent i come across properly so it would help me in future. And also I need to learn the ways in which I would be able to tell what a specific molecule or reagent does
btw I ap preparing for JEE it's an engineering entrance exam in India with chemistry as one of the core subject
syllabus covers foundational principles (GOC, isomerism, reaction intermediates), diverse hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics) and their reactions, and compounds containing functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, and halides. Key reactions include substitutions, additions, eliminations, and rearrangements. biomolecules, polymers, and everyday chemistry applications. a deeper understanding of reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry is crucial. Practical aspects like purification and qualitative analysis are also included.
Sorry for that long bulky message but just wanna show you the syllabus I am dealing with, so do you have some more specific advice for me ?
I fully support Nas here. All the "difficult" questions are reduceable to basic concepts; Olympiads, finals, entrance exams. In the end its all about pattern recognition. And you achieve this by practicing, A LOT. But you need a basis - which again are the basic concepts. Its important to not move on to quickly from the basic concepts saying "oh this is easy". NO. WRONG. Drill it into your brain until you dream it. Youll notice how the "difficult" problems become more intuitive - which is pretty important in science and maths.
At the end of the day, the people that you call genius/smart/intellectual: they might have had certain biological upgrades, but at the end of the day, they showed up, everyday and studied.
So in short: study mate
thanks I would practice a lot then would surely keep updating my progress here
i couldn't have said it any better than the GOAT himself!
I'd only confirm that ochem is literally all about pattern recognition
so yes, more complex mechanisms will eventually become intuitive
however, this achievement is uncommon to most, resulting in immense grief, lol.
I hope I get there 😅
can someone explain to me polymers, monomers and polymerisation? I know nothing about these topics a short explanation would be helpful
Monomer: a small molecule, such as ethene, which can be polymerised to make a polymer.
Polymer: a long chain of molecules made by reacting several monomers together
Polymerisation: the chemical reaction in which molecules join together to form a long-chain polymer.
There are two types of polymerisation, addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation.
In addition polymerisation, the monomer could be ethene, which has a double bond, and when it reacts with another ethene to form a polymer the double-bond changes into a single bond and continuation bonds are placed on both ends. In condensation polymerisation, there can be several monomers that react together to form a polymer and water, such as diamide and dicarboxylic acid react together to form polyamide and water.
This is condensation polymerisation
This is addition polymerisation
I tried to be concise but I'm not good at summaries
thank youu
No problem
I was watching this video:
https://youtu.be/nGggU-Cxhv0?si=slyl7m8Q7LiCcb1m
And from what I understood (I don't have much knowledge around biology), the superficial part of our skin is dead. And that's good because it protects us from the outside.
Soo I was wondering, wouldn't exfoliation be bad then?
Don't know if anyone could help with this, just some random thoughts haha
Go to https://brilliant.org/nutshell/ to dive deeper into these topics and more with a free 30-day trial + 20% off for the first 200 people!
This video was sponsored by Brilliant. Thanks a lot for the support!
Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/sources-tattoo-inside/
Your tattoos are inside your immune system, literally....
i'm not formally educated in this field, but from a skincare perspective, while your skin's outer layer is dead skin cells, your skin is also constantly shedding the very top layer of those dead skin cells naturally
sometimes portions of that very top layer don't fall off entirely, which results in issues like a dull looking skin texture or clogged pores
and so we exfoliate through chemical or physical means to assist our skin in removing dead skin cells, improving the quality of our skin and reducing the chance of clogging
exfoliation is good, but too much exfoliation is bad - scrub too hard, use too much topical treatment, cleanse too frequently, and you're going to irritate your skin and make things worse
we generate new skin cells at about the same rate that they die and we should definitely not be treating our skin harshly so it's not like we're scrubbing our skin down to the next layer
so, you could conclude that the act of exfoliation is an assistance that specifically targets only the removal of the dead skin cells that should have been shed naturally in daily life but didn't
Okaay that makes sense, we should find the right balance for us I guess
Thanks for the info! 🙏🏻
yep, balance is key
as an addendum, the hobby of skincare consists of a lot of people experimenting and coming up with solutions that work for their unique composition of skin type or promoting unproven home-remedies for things, that kind of environment promotes a lot of misinformation or at least just really really biased solutions that aren't catered to your specific needs
if you want a professional answer to this question or to any skincare question, it's best to ask a dermatologist
Yeah totally, we have really different skins, so it makes sense that everyone should have an independent treatment
So when we calculate change in momentum how do we use the final vector??
CAN ANYONE HELP ME WITH RAY DIAGRAMS (LIGHT)
which one?
yes
Can someone help me with the concept of photoelectric effect, I was really confused regarding this, my confusions are
-
what is the passage of flow of electrons after reaching anode, I think they might go to positive terminal of battery which makes ammeter to deflect, from positive terminal of battery they flow to negative and then to cathode ( I searched it via chatgpt), won't electrons be repelled by negative charge on cathode or negative terminal of battery
-
if we reverse the terminals, giving the cathode a positive charge while anode a negative charge, won't the electrons be attracted towards the cathode making them hard to be excited.
-
what is the direction of current in such a circuit
I am very weak at physics particularly the current and voltage, so if my questions don't make sense or are so basic, I apologize
Hello
Does anyone have any tips on how to study Inorganic chem??? I have P block in my 3rd sem but I just can't figure out where to start...
You can check out chemistry libretexts, this site has a lot of introductory material with a lot of authors. You can choose the book/articles you like and get started
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry
if its for neet or jee mains
you can just go for ncert
make some short notes and all
you will be good
Hi, this is a great question. Also I think this confusion probably stems from electronics, not from the concept of photoelectric effect itself.
-
The direction of current is ALWAYS OPPOSITE to the flow of electron direction. If the electrons flow from left to right, current will flow from right to left.
-
Let's call the cathode the emitter plate (emits photoelectrons) and anode the collector plate (collects the photoelectrons) for ease of understanding. Outside of the tube the collector plate is connected to the positive end of the variable voltage. The ammeter deflects due to the presence of photocurrent.
The voltage of the anode is positive WITH RESPECT TO the voltage of cathode. The battery is there to create a potential difference between the two plates to accelerate photoelectrons and to ensure these photoelectrons reach the collector. -
If we reverse the terminals then there aren't many electrons to eject from the metal surface. Since it has a positive charge. But if you really wanted to use a +ve cathode then most probably you'd have to use a high frequency light source to eject electrons. Then I assume the anode would have to be at a much high +ve potential to collect the electrons, or even if it -ve potential, we will still get some photoelectrons as we have a concept of minimum potential (stopping potential). Stopping potential is the maximum -ve volatge of anode wrt cathode to still get photocurrent.
Also, when you say electrons are "excited", I just want to point out a better language for clarification just in case. The electrons are bound to the metal surface. Now they will need some energy which is higher than the energy they are bound by in order to be able to leave the metal surface. The electrons are actually ejected from the metal, not excited. Excited would probably be the wrong word to use here. Excitation will refer to the electron/particle getting excited or jumping to a higher energy level.
thanks alot, it actually helped me alot, tysm,
one question
the electrons after reaching the collector plate will flow to the positive terminal of battery, right? from there will they go to negative terminal of battery and then reach back to cathode, completing the circuit, or they will deposit at either anode or positive plate of battery because negatively charged electrons flow to negative terminal wont have repulsion, if you could help me with it please.
thanks alot for the clarification👍
yo I seem to really like physics but I have 0 background, what path should I follow to lead up to Quantum physics.
how do people remember organic equations im struggling 😭
General physics, analysis, linear algebra, classical mechanics, waves and oscillators, more liner algebra, statistical physics, much more waves, electromagnetism, and then maybe quantum physics
I jumped a few steps but I think I am there
Revise daily(9-10 times) through short notes
so basically sell my soul to the organic demon?
ill do that honestly i need good grades
it is your responsibility as a student to perform well, so you should make any accommodations/sacrifices to do so!!
i have made the deal dw!
this guy is crazy
Dealing won't work, REVISE DAILY
revising daily 
Hi, are you revising daily?
accountability
Hi guys, I assist busy students with their academic assignments. Anyone who may need this service dm.
don't be the type of guy that replies with chatgpt...
I AM TRYING MY BEST
i am more focused on physics
but thanks for checking in 😭 ❤️
yea I'm starting to notice this A LOT
so many bots nowaday
fun fact, he was
can anybody help me understand how a resistor-capacitor circuit provides an input to an integrated circuit? Does the potential difference cause a current to flow into the circuit, or does the capacitor provide the input current.
Hi, anyone good at transition metals substitution reactions, I need help urgently regarding a question, I cant share image here, I have an exam in few hours
Cu²⁺(aq) → pale blue precipitate A
Cu²⁺(aq) (with concentrated HCl) → solution C
Cu²⁺(aq). (With excess of NH₃) → solution B
[CuCl₂]⁻(aq) + heat with Cu(s) → solution C
a. Suggest the formulae of A, B and C.
b. State the colours of solutions B and C.
c. Name the type of reactions occurring when C is heated with copper. Also state the role of copper in this reaction.
d. When the solution of complex [CuCl₂]⁻ is poured into water, which colour precipitate is formed? Justify its colour.
flashcards for name reactions and stuff rlly helpful
A circular loop of radius r, carrying a current I lies in the y-z plane with its centre at the origin. The net magnetic field through the loop is:
A directly proportional to r
B zero
C inversely proportional to r
D directly propertional to I
my textbook is giving some wierd logic that:
circular loop behaves as a magnetic dipole whose one surface will be N pole and other S pole. Therefore the magnetic lines that emerge from north will meet at south. Hence total magnetic flux is 0
why dont we just use the formula to find field at centre of ring then do
field*area?? I dont get it.
Anyone?
Topic : Quantum Simple Harmonic Oscillator
can anyone help me with IB HL Physics on simple harmonic motion and. waves? @everyone
how do XOR gates work
what do you mean?
nevermind , I've already got it
Hello everybody, im looking for 1-2 people (good at physics and science) for a MIT competition this saturday 25th of October; the deadline closes in 3 hours. I think the payment to enter is 40$. https://www.algoed.co/competitions/mit-ewb-engineering-competition
Please Let me know if you want to compete!
@everyone Is anyone here a MS Materials/Chemical Engineering Student from the US?
bro thinks he can tag a 20000+ member server just like that
at least he tried though 🙏💀
is acceration 0?
can anyone explain E = mc^2
guys im cooked
Why?
Relativity
well its senku
LOL
XD
What happened bud
Ghost ping?
Do you have any methods for learning the operating principles of a circuit? I am a college student. Example:
Hi there, can anyone help me understand the concept,
Why does a bulb glow when a.c is passing through a circuit having a capacitor but a bulb doesn't glow when d.c is passing through a circuit having a capacitor?
Also am very poor at physics, so if someone could help me understand what is the link between the presence of an insulator between the capacitor and this phenomenon.
Also, do we suppose conventional current while talking about circuits cuz this confuses a lot.
I would be really thankful if someone could help me with this!
because with a constant voltage and constant current, the capacitor will charge, and once its fully charge it will act as an open circuit, so no current is going to flow through it and the led wont turn on
when you have an ac voltage, the capacitor is charging and discharging continuously so youre gonna be able to turn the led on cause the current can flow
Thank you so much
i wont answer the rest of your questions, cause its physics related and sometimes we eng. might use different ways of explaining it, so im afraid i could make you even more confused ahahah
Tysm for the guide, you already helped me a lot and honestly regarding the other questions I had seen some lectures and my concept for them is now significantly clear.
sure, no prob! :D
Hi everyone, I'm studying analog IC design. I'm trying to design this circuit that generates a supply-independent current, but I have no idea how to approach it. Can someone guide me through the design process?
heyguys i have to do a statistical analysis on a dataset for my econometrics class. requires R codeand OLS regression which i have done. in analysis i am doing t-tests, looking at confidence intervals, coefiicients, and p-values. and r^2 values. is there anything else i should talk about ?
Hi, does anyone know why, in approximating non-continuous functions, we need 2 hidden layers of neurons? I know that UAT states that we need 1 layer to approximate any continuous non-linear function, but I don't really understand why the second layer allows non-continuous functions.
does anyone know how to do this:
Get It Here : https://discord.gg/enhEZHbTa6
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guys anyone from bioinformatics here... I need help with protein motif designing.. I have done MSA already... now i need to design the conserved domains .. I might sound confusing because I am...
So I have a question about quantum mechanics and relativity. I have heard people say that one cannot gain information below the planck length. However in GR there is no preferred inertial frame, and all are correct descriptions of reality.
So say you had some quantum experiment with a cube-like detector. Then for an observer with a reference frame approaching this detector at a certain velocity, this detector will seem arbitrarily small, for this thought experiment say it has sides of 2 planck length. The thing it is detecting will be sub-planck length. Then you have an experiment detecting something sub planck length in size, so planck length cannot be a measurement restriction across all intertial frames.
Hence if this limit exists, it must only be for an experiment and a detector in the same inertial frame relative to each other. Right?
anyone can help me in physics of class 12th
Sure what is your doubt?
now clear thku for asking
can someone recommend me good books or videos to self study chemistry? I am planning to major in chemistry and have already taken 3 gen chem classes (dual enrollment) , but I feel like I still need a stronger understanding and honestly during the classes I was not motivated at all lol but I do find chemistry interesting.
someone help me with valency derivation of polyatomic ion
Sure let me know!
yk like one polyatomic element and i want to find its valency ? there are 2 formlar, one is valence electron ( of 1st element ) + valency * no of atoms ( 2nd element ). another is sum of valency of both the atoms. however i dont understand where to use what. i think its related to whether both the elements are electro -ve or +ve idk man
Could you share some appropriate examples as well?
Might as well DM me
Anyone have any resources for medical microbiology? Anything covering enterics and special pathogens would be helpful
here https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/ idk if this will help much
Medical Microbiology begins with a review of the immune system, focusing on the body's response to invading microorganisms. Bacteria are then covered, first with a series of chapters presenting the general concepts of bacterial microbiology and then with chapters detailing the major bacterial pathogenes of humans. Similar sections cover virology...
I like the way chapters/topics are organized, will definitely use this
Anybody got books for starting out with biology?
Hey there! I’m Anastasia, a proud Swede 🇸🇪 with a taste for adventure and good vibes.
Think you can guess my age? Take a shot but no sneaky shortcuts 👀. If you’re bold, my DMs are wide open 😉
I thrive on meeting amazing people, spreading positive energy, and savoring life one incredible moment at a time 🌱✨.
What started as a tiny side hustle a few months ago has transformed into a full-blown adventure taking me to dream destinations, giving me freedom I never imagined, and allowing me to support my family in ways that truly warm my heart. Grateful doesn’t even begin to cover it. 🌍💫
Hello, I'm Mim from Bangladesh. I graduated from doing my bachelors in CS in December 2024. However In mid 2025 I decided to switch from a corporate job to academia as my interest grew in Computational Neuroscience. Ik this is random but anyone doing research around computational neuroscience here? If yes, I would love to connect and chat.
@alpine mortar This is a pretty trivial example for some Arduino code I wrote for working with a temperature alarm, but you can see how must of what you're doing is very simple stuff to do with interacting with specific portions of memory defined in the spec/different pins on the board, and reading off of those inputs and doing something:
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#define TEMP_PIN 0 // A0 for temperature sensor
#define LED1_PIN PB0 // Pin 8
#define LED2_PIN PB1 // Pin 9
#define LED3_PIN PB2 // Pin 10
#define BASELINE_TEMP 180
#define TEMP_STEP 20
#define BAUD 9600
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#define UBRR_VALUE ((F_CPU / (16UL * BAUD)) - 1)
// UART init needed to monitor serial output for debugging
void uart_init(){
UBRR0H = (uint8_t)(UBRR_VALUE >> 8);
UBRR0L = (uint8_t)UBRR_VALUE;
UCSR0B = (1 << TXEN0);
UCSR0C = (1 << UCSZ01) | (1 << UCSZ00);
}
void uart_putchar(char c) {
while(!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)));
UDR0 = c;
}
void uart_puts(const char* s) {
while(*s) {
uart_putchar(*s++);
}
}
// ADC initialisation
void adc_init() {
// using AVcc as ref, left adjust result
ADMUX = (1 << REFS0) | (1 << ADLAR);
// enable ADC, set prescalar to 128 (for 16MHz/128 = 125kHz)
ADCSRA = (1 << ADEN ) | (1 << ADPS2) | (1 << ADPS1) | (1 << ADPS0);
}
// read from adc channel
uint8_t adc_read(uint8_t channel) {
ADMUX = (ADMUX & 0xF0) | (channel & 0x0F); // select channel
ADCSRA |= (1 << ADSC); // start conversion
while (ADCSRA & (1 << ADSC)); // wait for completion
return ADCH; // return 8-bit result
}
int16_t adc_to_celsius_x10(uint16_t adc_value) {
int32_t millivolts = ((int32_t)adc_value * 5000) / 1024;
return millivolts - 500;
}
int main(void) {
// set LED pins as outputs
DDRB |= (1 << LED1_PIN) | (1 << LED2_PIN) | (1 << LED3_PIN);
uart_init();
adc_init();
char buffer[64];
while (1) {
uint8_t sensor_value = adc_read(TEMP_PIN);
float millivolts = sensor_value * (3300/1024);
float temp_celsius = ((millivolts * 1000) - .5) * 100;
// numbers coming out are wonky, says it's 4C in here when it's 18/19...
sprintf(buffer, "ADC: %d, mV: %.2f, Temp: %.2f C\r\n", sensor_value, millivolts, temp_celsius);
uart_puts(buffer);
// clear all LEDs
PORTB &= ~((1 << LED1_PIN) | (1 << LED2_PIN) | (1 << LED3_PIN));
// light LEDs based on temp difference
if(temp_celsius >= BASELINE_TEMP + TEMP_STEP)
PORTB |= (1 << LED1_PIN);
if (temp_celsius >= BASELINE_TEMP + (2 * TEMP_STEP))
PORTB |= (1 << LED2_PIN);
if (temp_celsius >= BASELINE_TEMP + (3 * TEMP_STEP))
PORTB |= (1 << LED3_PIN);
_delay_ms(500);
}
return 0;
}
woah
don't feel too overwhelmed, embedded code always looks wonky the the first time you look at it but most of the time it's trivial operations like flipping a bit in one place, shifting in another
it just doesn't look like regular software dev code because you don't typically operate on that scale
yeah i see some bitflags set i see some stuff i mostly understand what is happening
what kind of arduino do pros use ?
micro ?
thats true i work in the unoptimized land haha i mostly deal with validating json and making as few calls to db as possible so its nothing like that 😆
i've got the uno r3
and did you go to collage for embeded ?
thats what im curious about
im considering college but thats after i get a job
definietly dont want to work a part time waiter or anything like that anymre 😭
i was hoping to get this backend web dev done attend college and then pivot to embeded
woah i expected bells and whistles
we had some at our school i went to bonus classes to play around with them
i just did comp sci at university
thanks for sending me that snippet btw
i apreciate it
thanks for sharing your experience
you're good g no need to thank me so much haha, i love talking about this stuff
addicted to this whole field
Hello everyone! I am conducting a short survey on the meaning of life and immortality. It will only take 2 minutes of your time and the answers are completely anonymous. Your ideas are very interesting to me, I would be happy if you would support me. 🙏
https://forms.gle/Mfbi4CrswsGvmYV78
they couldve left one text box empty so that peope could write their own thinking
woulve been more interesting; its imposing the author's versions only rn
hi can someone please help me understand how to draw proton NMR spectra of organic molecules with the help of pascal's triangle. i need it urgently
Hello everyone! I was trying to build a pen plotter. Since I have zero exp in doing projects, I am actually buying a lot of things but ending up doing nothing right.
If someone wishes to help for my pen plotter project, it'll mean a lot for me.
I lack engineering skills, making a stable design of a complete body that supports the gearing-motors-arduino boards etc
guys. I have results for my Hepothesis Chi-squared test statistic: 1.59
Degrees of freedom: 3
Level of significance: 0.6619
and other level of significance over 0.2 (0.4, 0.6 etc). Is my Hypothesis correct?
are there any good books on steady state sinusoidal circuits or textbooks with solved problems?
Suppp
guts didn't deserve this
Ayee
True, but grifithh didnt deserve it eitherr💔
bro
he will deserve what he gets
Hahhaha
Im trolling dw
Im matching w guts😭
Can I do
current electricity before doing:
chapter 1- electric charge and fields
chapter 2- electrostatic potential
I don’t understand the solution, even tried multiple times with chat gpt I can’t imagine the solution in my head. The answer is 34V btw please help me out with preferably with voice messages maybe cus I can’t think for my dear life which node chat gpt is talking about
use deepseek or kimi instead of chatgpt
Solve from the end and comes toward the start terminal with taking voltage and current in each resistor.
Still if u don't understand LMK
This is what chat gpt told me dude, I srsly don’t understand. I have only done infinite chain questions not these ones.
its really long to explain,idk exactly what u dont understand. as you can see all resistor has resistance 1 ohm,at the end both resistor has 1A current thru it so on each resistor voltage drop(v=iR) is 1v these two resistor combine 2v voltage drop across it, which is parallel to other resistor so total 2v comes on that too.so current in that resistor will be (i=v/r) 2A. now check the next resistor on leftward it will have 2+1=3A current,accordingly voltage drop 3v on it. same thing with whole circuit,i hope now u get the idea how i solved it here..i tried😭
Okay I understand that the right end has 1 A on both the side resistance and 1V also I understand but I don’t understand where did 2,8,13 came from? I am sorry physics is not my strong subject I am trying
same idea 3v+2v=5v which will come on next resistor bcz of parallel, again i=v/r, current will come 5A in that resistor,5A+3A Will come on next leftward resistor, as 8v on that resistor of resistance 1ohm so current 8a in that resistor 8a+5a=13a. KCL AANE WALA CURRENT EQUAL TO JANE WALA ON JUNCTION..
It’s okay bro you don’t have to yell. You seem frustrated, I can ask someone else don’t worry about it, thanks for the help
behan,what is this behaviour,u are reading with wrong tone...😭
I'm not frustrated, i thought it would be better for you,if you try further understanding on ur own.
No it’s js that I barely post any doubt here, so when i do I have already tried all means it’s not like I have home tutor whom I can ask.
its my first time too.. i didnt mean to sound frustrated.That caps lock text just to emphasize more i usually take help from gemini if something i dont understand. i ask something like try to explain to a 13yr old or something if i feel things getting too complex for me. you can try that too. i thought i dont have to explain fully, you will get the hint. just try to see circuit from right to leftward.🫡
@plush talon
uh
can someone help me
I just needa figure out
if there is a second dash
in the 4th column in the gel
id say no
is this PCR?
technically my RD gel
but yea basically same thing
gel electrophoresis
ohhh thats cool
thxs
This is so cool I've only learned gel electrophoresis or pcr in theory but seeing it is pretty cool
Hello
I’m wondering if someone can help me with naming this using IUPAC
So the rule is to find the longest continuous carbon chain which in this case there is two the straight one and the one with a turn
It’s supposed to give the same name regardless of which I choose to use but I can’t get it to do that. Not sure how to use the chain with the turn
We apply the lowest locant rule which is why we start from the left
3 ethyl 2 methyl hexane
EDD
HDD
from the numbering in the image you showed the iupac name would be 3 ethyl 2 methyl hexane
if you use the chain with the turn then it wont be correct
What is that based on?
Is it a general rule that im meant to choose the straight chain in order to get the correct name? I went over quite a few of these and that’s the only one I came across with that issue
i'm pretty sure it's based on IUPAC
and you're supposed to choose the longest continuous chain, which in this case is the straight chain
Both chains have the same number of carbons
no, if you take the turn at 2 then it becomes propane, if you take the turn at 3 then it becomes bentane, when you take the straight chain it becomes hexane
so you take the longest chain which is hexane, and then the methyl and ethyl coming from 2 and 3 become branches (sorry for any incorrect terminology i took this in my native language and not english)
so the final name is 3-ethyl-2-methyl hexane
Wouldn’t this also be hexane?
6 carbons
well yes, but you're supposed to start counting from the area that's closest to the first branch, which would be from the left
so you can't start counting from the right
The lowest locant rule in IUPAC nomenclature dictates that the main chain must be numbered to give the substituent(s) or functional group(s) the lowest possible position numbers (locants). If multiple numbering options exist, compare them at the first point of difference; the set with the lowest number at that first point is preferred
Exactly
I see
Thank you for your help:))
anytime !
anyone studying for ap bio lmk we can join a study room
hey
uh
help me gng
@maiden fog
ap bio
ik its kinda late
and anyone else
pls
ight bet
friend me gang
i stared studying last week u in a better position than i need helplpl
helloo can someone pls explain if we can cancel the circled terms in vector form of coulombs law or not and if not why?
we cannot cancel because
they both are different quantites
quantities*
numerator is a vector and the denominator is magnitude
we can re write it as kq1q2/r^2 and the numerator has r cap
ohh right alright thanks smm
yo can i teach someone about deep ATP production??
i need to test ma understanding🥰🥰 add me
Hey hey physics people I have a couple of questions, would anyone be willing to help out?
you should specify the level of physics you need help with
Okay, differently, what topic of physics
This was my force diagram, just checking it's right
Here's the first part (for context)
is N your normal force?
Ya
thats not correct i think
Thought so, the Normal force isn't horizontal, right?
normal force is always perpendicular to a surface i believe
no he's sitting on the knot of the rope which means the normal force is the same as the pulling force i think
equilibrium means no net force acting on a body? not sure
yup
The problem I have is with the diagram and then the final question
This is the ms for (c)
updated diagram
no the normal force isn't there either
I am a buffoon
if he sits on the knot of rope the rope supports him in this direction: ↖️
Anyone willin to do my physics exam for 50 bucks? it would be good to know or at least understand a bit german?
😄
😄 no you can do it
😮
Hold up, the normal force is the contact force exerted by the ground on the dude at the point where he is standing
That's N
T is the tension of the rope, acting in ↖️
I hope so 😄
and there is also gravity
Yeah that's W
They're in equilibrium, yep
i had to retake all my physics exams and i succeeded the second time i only have one more retake to go
even if you don't, just keep trying
You can do it I belive in you
Just actually study for it, don't hope for a miracle
For me its the first try so I have a second and third if necessary
I am right now 😄
👍
and theres nothing wrong with having to take more changes than one, as long as you work for it you'll get there
Thanks for the motivation I'll try my best 😄
motivation 😠
Might I recommend Prof Walter Lewin's lectures on youtube. They're on classical mechanics (idk if that helps) and they're so fun to watch in surprisingly high quality. He was the previous classical mechanics prof at MIT
This lecture has been viewed more than 13.5 million times. About 1 million times on MIT's OCW, more than 6.7 million times in the channel "For the Allure of Physics" and 5.8 million times in this channel. Prof. Lewin put his life on the line to demonstrate that he is a strong believer in the conservation of energy. He explained why the sky is...
Anyone doing physic? I need help...
Any gods of x86-64 in here?
I'm trying to save a 128 byte buffer on the stack and access it after a recursive call. I keep getting bus errors, I think I'm misunderstanding something fundamental.
what level?
There's level..?
Like gravitation and orbits and stuff
I wasnt paying much attention in this class lol
Are you in high school? Bc I don't know about that stuff
Woahh
Could u send an example of the question, maybe I can figure something out?
Alright hold on
Im actually doing a project researching about this planet
And i have to find the period of that planet orbiting the Sun
The planet is called ceres i think
There are so many different formulas on google i dont know which one to use 😩
You want to find the period of the planet?
Yep
What are your values?>