paleontology

[little mauve]

It's a mouthful but it should be nanotyrannosauridae

[idle storm]

I would honestly prefer Nanotyrannosauridae too, but we unfortunately bound by the archaic minutae of the ICZN

[bright veldt]

Yeah we don’t really know where Nanotyrannus sits specifically.

More accurately, it’s in the “just outside of tyrannosauridae” cabal with Moros and the two Dryptosaurs.

[winter marsh]

we obviously know that its on baby rex faces because thats what they deserve

[charred hearth]

if dakotraptor was real, what do you believe is the most possible?

[craggy trench]

“If”

As if he isn’t still valid
He may be a sussy man in terms of fossils material but he can’t be invalidated properly

[little mauve]

Why is -tyrannidae preferable according to the ICZN?

[charred hearth]

i believe the large dromeosaurid in hell creek is real but the i dont think the genus that is dakotaraptor is real

does that sound stupid? i feel like it does

[craggy trench]

Nah that’s a pretty average opinion on Dakota or whatever dromie is walking around hc

[charred hearth]

do we have any american unenlagiidae's?

[little mauve]

No north american ones, no

[winter marsh]

nah, most were in SA or Europe

[hardy sentinel]

I like when people make phylogenetic trees that obviously don't work

Like the humble North American Unenlagiid (nothing suggests Dakotaraptor could even be considered to be an Unenlagiid)

[little mauve]

Imperobator from Antarctica may be one, there may be some in Australia too. Europe is more controversial

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2025.2529608 anyone have access?

They appear to consider them entirely Gondwanan

[granite thicket]

Some say pyroraptor could be unenlagid
Cau mainly

[charred hearth]

this is the paper they used to justify it https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6626525/

[zealous ravine]

They didn't make it up, that's a legit phylogenetic result. And there has been evidence of unenlagiines in HC mentioned in abstracts, it's definitely not impossible.

Don't say things are wrong when you don't know what you're talking about lmao

I wouldn't take much stock in any result due to possible chimerism but thats an entirely different issue. It's just as likely an unenlagiine as it is anything else

[charred hearth]

how much of its niche would change if it was actually a unenlagiine?

[hardy sentinel]

It would probably be an assumed fish eater + small game hunter

[light osprey]

Piscivory is something proposed on a taxon basis, species like Buitreraptor have not been proposed to be piscivorous thus far. But also, there are such things as bad matrices and I doubt the hell creek metatarsal and eudromaeosaurine teeth belonged to an Unenlagiine. It’s also a phylogeny presumably scoring based on the characters provided from the full chimeric taxon as well.

[charred hearth]

so its unlikely it was a fish eater?

[little mauve]

It's only been suggested for Austroraptor and Ypupiara, which are sister taxa

Buitreraptor has strange teeth but it hasn't specifically been proposed to be a piscivore

https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app20090127.html

[charred hearth]

i wonder, does anyone have any art or something as dakota reconstructed as a unenlagiine?

[runic heart]

Bro, I just ordered the tameryraptor and now they show off a taurovenator.

Pnso is actually a really good company. Their stuff very rarely has accuracy flaws, and always looks amazing.

[frigid delta]

a classmate said to me that despite being an 8-ton powerhouse, Carcharodontosaurus' powerful legs allow them to jump & leap across large distances effortlessly, quickly closing the gap to their prey. this true?

[compact leaf]

very much no

[frigid delta]

so my instinct were right

[compact leaf]

the largest animals capable of jumping are like one ton, and they certainly aren’t leaping

[fluid inlet]

So true carcha could even barrel roll

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/starfox64-star-fox-64-do-a-barrel-roll-gif-11005283897899233461

[jagged trellis]

tbf the jumping limit is way higher at 4, even rhinos can
but carch is not getting even the 1 inch of fortune

[charred hearth]

rhinos can jump?

[jagged trellis]

like 2 inches yeah

[severe yew]

but it is truly ridiculous that they name their models, like this guy Hugo, lmao 😂

Haolonggood figurines are also very good and their colors are sometimes even better than PNSO

and there are other companies of wich their figurines are also of top notch quality

[severe yew]

https://tenor.com/view/bounce-bouncing-dinosaur-dino-dinosaur-trampoline-gif-5551375

i am pretty sure carchs could do this easily

i have no doubt about it, their legs were very powerful indeed

[stable sun]

It's just what the analysis got due to being a chimeric taxon with traits of different clades. It's the same thing that got bird Protoavis.

[stable sun]

powerful legs

animal with literally no leg material

Regardless, close relatives like Giganotosaurus or Meraxes definitely didn't have the legs to jump several meters lmao

That humerus was described in 1996, isn't bulky and we don't really have evidence to consider it Spinosaurid. Hell, it could be even Rebbachisaurid.

[granite thicket]

ok

btw, what are you guys thoughts on david hone's theory that spino may have had longer legs
and short legs we have atm is result of the neotype being a chimera of larger spino's upper body and smaller spino's lower body

[granite thicket]

like this

[outer tusk]

why are we using Witton's musculature?

[runic heart]

Well apparently we’ve got unpublished spinosaurid material from Morocco and Brazil that have longer legs. So idk wait and see I guess.

[granite thicket]

Welp david hone's idea of neotype being a chimera of 2 diff sized spinos comes from newly published witton's book
So that's prob why

[outer tusk]

who the hell is David Hone

[granite thicket]

Coauthor of witton's spinosaur book that got recently published

[outer tusk]

GOD THAT MUSCULATURE IS NOT HITTING BRO 😭

[granite thicket]

Yeah that neck needs more muscles

[runic heart]

That’s some lizard level shrink wrapping right there

[granite thicket]

Indeed
I still find idea of neotype being chimeric interesting
We'll have to see
Man spino is such a mess

[outer tusk]

the neotype is def not chimeric

[runic heart]

My question, if spino did have short legs, why would there be 2 other possible genus/species that have more normally proportioned legs?

[granite thicket]

Tbf some parts of the neotype are from fossil hunters and spino B's proportions are so different from the neotype
So there is a possibility

[balmy oyster]

Spino B is all the way with the holotype so it would be weird if the two were somehow the same thing

[runic heart]

That’s what I’m thinking

[balmy oyster]

I don’t think the neotype is chimeric. Might just seem that way because it’s been excavated in separate occasions since sometimes a single expedition isn’t enough to get everything, based on resources, time, or money.

[granite thicket]

I heard spino B has longer tibia in proportion to its vert compared to neotype
Could be just individual variation or different species
I also think neotype isnt chimeric but witton and hone's idea is still interesting
Im still on team ibrahim lol

[balmy oyster]

“Individual variation” ❌

[outer tusk]

yk I forgot Spinosaurus B actually had a tibia

[runic heart]

Then team Sereno pulls up with the scimitar spino and Brazilian spino that isn’t even gonna be oxalaia.

[granite thicket]

Yes
Spino is prob acro proportions taken to extreme btw
Short legs and super heavy tail

[balmy oyster]

• we do effectively have indirect confirmation of at least 2 more species of spinosaurine theropods that lived with spinosaurus and sigil (one COULD be more sigil material but it’s uncertain)

[runic heart]

Give me strength, give me fire.
Give me MORE theropods and big fish, or I retire.

[outer tusk]

MHMMM BARS

[granite thicket]

And some say msmn is sigil

[balmy oyster]

Could be sigil, could be spino.
Could be robust, could be slender.

[runic heart]

I like me a robust spino

[outer tusk]

"which side are you" ah images

[balmy oyster]

We technically have enough robust dorsal verts to feasibly recreate the entire sail btw.

[granite thicket]

Same
Still waiting for ibrahim's new recon
With wider ribcage, lower gastralia, more muscle at base of the tail

[runic heart]

Is there still an argument going on about what shape the sail was? M shaped or round?

[outer tusk]

Then you should go out of YOUR way to make a new skeletal based on it. deal?

[balmy oyster]

Great idea! I’ll add it to the list of other stalled promises!

[granite thicket]

I thought all we had was vert alignment at tje beginning and end of the sail at least according to hartman

[outer tusk]

WHERE'S MY APATORAPTOR GNG

[runic heart]

I feel like he’s just making into a crocodile atp

[balmy oyster]

Turns out when you scroll through eBay et al you find everything you need!

[granite thicket]

I think he does have bit of rib material which shows it had wide body

[granite thicket]

Speaking of ebay, theres a big spino femur in priv collection which belongs to 13~14m individual

[balmy oyster]

Oh my god that’s why I started doing these in the first place 😭 😭 when am I ever gonna get to that thing??

[balmy oyster]

Think it got something around ~6 tons in weight at most? Based on measurements provided

Pretty large but not msnm or nhmuk proportions

Well VERY large, on par with tauro and Kenyan giant

[granite thicket]

13~14m individual would prob weigh around that much
I feel like msmn and nhmuk is average adult spino size btw
There's bunch of fragment around that size

[balmy oyster]

I think histology was done on neotype & it was considered subadult, so it probably wouldn’t have gotten to msnm sizes in full maturity

Then again…archosaur ontogenical size range is crazy. Just look at shant and edmonto. (Or most crocs)

[granite thicket]

Spino was a slow grower according to study done in 2022
If Im not wrong, that paper mentioned smth like spino likely taking almost twice as long to reach adult as rex
And just about all animals with slow growth have huge size variations so we'll never know ig

[outer tusk]

I don't know either isn't like just a oviraptor but probably smaller and with some undescribed/unfigured materials?

[balmy oyster]

Honestly every single time I look at something that looks like an oviraptorid it’s a caenagnathid

Everything is caenagnathid

[compact leaf]

Hone is kind of all over I’m surprised you haven’t heard of him

[runic heart]

Uh.. what?

[granite thicket]

W H A T

[runic rover]

"finally I ordered Tameryraptor, my PNSO Carcharodontosaurids collection is finally complete!!!"

the ever humble taurovenator:

[ancient crystal]

Not sure how I feel about PNSO tbh

Like, they don't seem all that high quality in person

[runic rover]

To me they look much much more quality in person than pics...

...on the contrary, I have the Eofauna Giga and it looks like nothing from the sites pictures 🙁

[ancient crystal]

I have the PNSO megalodon and its pretty underwhelming ngl

[lofty creek]

Abeliceratops

[runic heart]

Ikr

[lofty creek]

the keratin paint is
uh
both tamery and tauro
and the yuty I bought a long time ago

[runic heart]

Yeah it’s too smooth but whatever.

[lofty creek]

sone kind of sauce
the paint just ruins the texture of keratin

[runic heart]

At least they got lips now.

Maybe they’ll perfect the formula on something like kelmayisaurus.

[runic heart]

Until they start remaking the existing figures with lips.

[hallow spear]

Mathis is so unbelievably ugly

[runic heart]

We probably getting gta 6 before titanovenator is described.

[runic heart]

Oh they actually might make kelmayisaurus. How much material do we have for this thing again?

[hallow spear]

Not much, iirc just part of the skull

[runic heart]

Thought there was a bit of vertebra too?

[thorn grove]

I don’t see why either Shant or Edmonto would be an example here. Both show a fairly reasonable amount of size variation within presumed adult populations (I say presumed since tmk Shant doesn’t have extensive histological work), the only real exception being the two giant Edmonto specimens that may or may not even be Edmonto.

[runic heart]

But the fact that we have giant specimens anyways, with how rare fossil preservation is, shows that giant specimens certainly weren’t uncommon.

Same reason why I’d say that tameryraptor keratin horns were probably not individual variation, and maybe more of a subspecies kind of thing. The chances we found the ONE mutation are close to 0.

Do we have any direct evidence or at least reasons to think that carchs or other theropods had some kind of row of scales lining the back like this?

[lavish frigate]

Ceratosaurus has it but idk about others

[patent mist]

ceratosaurus is the only one that has evidence of back spines and as fgar as i know there is a bit of play with how they attach. it might be a single row, it might be multiple, it might not be a cohesive line. On the subject of reasons there are two big ones: Display and camoflague. If it's the later it might be usefull to break the animal's outline up.

[little mauve]

Large freshwater mosasaur from the Hell Creek Formation https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40850-025-00246-y

[runic heart]

If it’s for camouflage, I wonder if it’d be reasonable to assume it was yellowish and spotted like a jaguar or something, to help break up its appearance more among dense trees?

[patent mist]

keep in mind dinosaurs can see four base colors while mammals usually only see two. the tiger appears green to it's prey for instance. the base color would depend on the environment a lot

[stable sun]

That idea is contradicted by histology and everything else. The neotype isn't a chimera.

[ancient crystal]

Ok, my professor finally got back to me, and he says yes he could see a great white reaching 3 metric tons given the right circumstances

[runic heart]

So this is to say camouflage dinosaurs may have been more colorful?

[minor hollow]

what is yalls opinions on walking with dinosaurs 3D 2013? its what got me into dinosaurs

[tulip dove]

The dinosaur designs are pretty damn good
But the movie just gets straight up ruined by the voice acting

[minor hollow]

As a child i onky had the voice acting version and i quite liked it because its easier to understand the story, but again when i re watch it, its gonna have no vocals

i also feel the characters would be much thicker and their horns to be way longer,

[little mauve]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAhCXDB6bTU really good video on camouflage theory and coloration in dinosaurs, not just T. rex though it is used as a case study

[patent mist]

prabably duller outside of display areas
also that video is a good reference
https://www.zenhabitats.com/cdn/shop/articles/breeding_leachianus_leachie_geckos.jpg?v=1705363140

[umbral socket]

-# not from a palaeontological standpoint
But I adored that movie! This movie and Dinosaurs is what got me into Dinosaurs at a young age and I'm extremely grateful :D

I also feel like the movie itself was somewhat educational (Not using 'popular' dinosaurs for the sake of it, having translations for names and then brief descriptions of some of the species).

[stiff osprey]

I'm with mysterydryo, would be a very good movie if the dinosaurs didn't talk

[hazy basalt]

Cliche as it is, various shades of green ranging from dull to vibrant were probably common in dinosaurs living in a jungle environment.

[stiff osprey]

The scene of the Gorgo/Nanuq attacking the pachyrhinosaur herd is one of my favorite hunt sequences in dinosaur media period

And then the characters will be making poop jokes on top of it 🥀

[runic heart]

That… makes sense yeah.

[frosty cedar]

I bought my father a tylosaurus as a present for Christmas, it hasn't arrived yet, but it looks very good.

[frosty cedar]

I remember seeing this movie and still getting mixed feeling, liked gorgosaurus tho. The animation is almost the same as WWD 2025 lmao.

If not better.

[minor hollow]

ngl i dissagree. the animation in this movie seemed way more lively

[hardy sentinel]

On a tattoo high after I got my first tattoo, should I get this next? It's my favorite fossil

[fluid inlet]

The prophets have betrayed us

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/walking-with-dinosaurs-the-movie-2013-animated-movie-evergreen-films-bbc-david-krentz-patchi-gif-7264515254596833462

[hardy sentinel]

should I lowkey tattoo fragmentary material from a large dromaeosaurid on me

[charred hearth]

how much brain damage or likely hood of death would this gorgo(?) nanuq(?) be experiencing?

[frosty cedar]

That's why I said if not better.

[fluid inlet]

That just depends if the jaw is broken bud, you should know that bud.

[hardy sentinel]

not an expert but an uppercut like that with that much force would probably kill it

[minor hollow]

ohhh mb i miss reD

[fluid inlet]

Becareful this guy think Saurophaganax is the same size as Tyrannosaurus rex

[frosty cedar]

I like how the number of teeth stay the exact same, even though they are supposed to be flying out of the jaw.

[minor hollow]

its ceazy how a 2010 animation is more expressive and better then sum in 2025

[tulip dove]

Knocked out the replacement teeth

[frosty cedar]

Kicked him so hard the future replacement teeth grew and flew away lmao.

[charred hearth]

besides the broke jaw, would it be dead?

[fluid inlet]

It holds up very well for its time, anytime tbh.

WWD2 look liked something out of Tubi.

[minor hollow]

im gonna get a tattoo of patchy when im older im so exiteddd

[hardy sentinel]

well yeah, Gorgosaurus only lived a few decades. It's been over 60 million years since the incident

[frosty cedar]

WWD 2025 was a money laundering scheme.

[fluid inlet]

Are you serious bud

[hazy basalt]

They lack the aura of allosaurus so it would not live long enough for this injury to heal, dead before the next morning.

[charred hearth]

that allo was doing whatever at that watering hole ToT

[warped peak]

@spice latch

[hardy sentinel]

Y'all think I should get a Mosasaur tooth, Troodontid tooth, or Tyrannosaur tooth for my next tattoo?

[warped peak]

Tbh, I think an isolated tooth as a tattoo is going to kinda lack identity

[charred hearth]

you think we'll ever find a therapod with larger teeth then rex?

[runic heart]

It’s starting to tick me off how speculative stuff is getting. We know more than most people think, and there are always more realistic ways to reconstruct an animal. I get that speculative paleo-art is good for “new perspectives” but half the time it’s just wrong.

[spice latch]

Tyyy :D I thought it was a lot bigger ngl-

[fluid inlet]

I already did this reconstruction too and I’m keep it as is 😭🤣

[warped peak]

Yeah it is one of the most overstated animals of all time

• It is not particularly terrestrial
• It is not 6m long
• It was likely hunted to extinction by humans
• It was one of the smallest predators in it's domain

[spice latch]

Is there any crocodilomorph that was huge with long legs

[charred hearth]

which croc is the bigger fraud

kaprosuchus or deinosuchus

[fluid inlet]

Fraud?

[warped peak]

How big is huge in your eyes? Like 5m? 8m?

I can dig up the biggest legged Pseudosuchian for a specific size range

[charred hearth]

yup, fraud

[spice latch]

I’m thinkin around that, yea

[fluid inlet]

There is nothing fraud about them , what’s fraud is the measurements people been doing for them.

[warped peak]

The funny thing is the Pseudosuchians with the longest legs are mostly aquatic

[spice latch]

I mainly want it cause it looks cool

[charred hearth]

i mean, people act like kapro was this croc who was running and rushing down animals on land

[minor hollow]

BAHHAHA

[fluid inlet]

Okay? Blame the people that reconstructed them , that gave them that thought not the animals.

[warped peak]

Are you looking for terrestrial, aquatic, or semiaquatic?

[spice latch]

I’m thinking mainly aquatic, and if possible Cenozoic

Was thinking longer legs because I can make that play MUCH differently then deino or sarco

[stiff osprey]

Brachiosuchus is the biggest mainly aquatic pseud with long legs. Well not really long legs but it has long arms

[thorn grove]

I read Brachiosaurus and was somewhat confused

[spice latch]

I really hope your joking

WAIT I ALSO READ IT WRONG

[balmy oyster]

Anyone know what the specimens in “???????” are?

[stiff osprey]

the glory of the other brach

[warped peak]

So funny thing, Deinosuchus actually is probably the croc with the longest legs period lol

It just couldn't walk

[charred hearth]

team giraffititan or team brachiosaurus

[balmy oyster]

Team brachi!!!!

[warped peak]

About the best you'll get

They're all marina taxa AFAIK and all late Cretaceous

[spice latch]

Actually I love him, thank you so much
the Dryo I only just realized there’s 3 xD

[warped peak]

which him there's 3

[spice latch]

Hey wait why tf are these both dryosaurus

[warped peak]

Dryosaurus vs Dyrosaurus

[spice latch]

Ohhhhhh

[balmy oyster]

What XS said but the croc here isn’t Dyro

[spice latch]

Yea ik I misclicked -.-

[frosty cedar]

What's it's name? There are a lot of names on the image, but i don't understand which one is the one.

[stiff osprey]

quinkana

[frosty cedar]

Thanks!

[warped peak]

The amount of effort I have put into making clothes for my human is stupid

[runic heart]

This is among the lesser imo. Obviously not this exagerated, but I’m honestly a fan of a flesh forehead for sauropods.

[frosty cedar]

It's probably "LOOK!!1!!1!!11 Prehistoric Planet has balloon neck dinosaur things with long necks, this sells, people love it, we must have one too"

Except Prehistoric Planet looks more natural, thought out, and researched.

[ashen wedge]

I hate to make this joke, but was dryosaurus dry?

[queen oar]

@tough parcel what if you were a Dinosaur Vtuber?

[spice latch]

https://tenor.com/view/wet-cat-gif-4802327955459959719

[wind prairie]

allosaurus had a huge gape. Get one of an allosaurus skull where the upper jaw goes along your chest and lower jaw down one of your arms

[ashen wedge]

Bird or non-avian?

[queen oar]

his choice

[spice latch]

I would assume they mean dinosaur as in the big scary mfs

[ashen wedge]

Both are dinosaurs

[full lagoon]

Yes, but you get what he means, he even clarified which ones

[wind prairie]

you know what they meant. Don't be pedantic

[spice latch]

I know but when people say dinosaur it’s most likely the prehistoric things -.-

[queen oar]

Me when " Big scary mfs " includes Phorusrhacids and Ratites

[full lagoon]

I think they basically sit in the middle atp

[spice latch]

Truly horrific beasts they are

[balmy oyster]

Prehistoric Planet meant well with its neck balloons but now everyone doing it & it still looks weird 😭

[queen oar]

Don't think you would say that if you were in front of a Ostrich

[spice latch]

I feel like I would be more scared in front of a cassowary

[queen oar]

Ah yes, the generic cassowary.

[full lagoon]

Maybe not, but we are talking about a class that includes the Tyrannosaurus Rex

(I've been near ostriches before as well)

[spice latch]

But they spooky

[full lagoon]

Cassowaries are scarier because they are usually more prone to actually attacking people

[queen oar]

I mean yeah

[spice latch]

It’s also because they have switchblades in their feet

[full lagoon]

Both could kill you easily regardless though, in a single well placed kick.

[queen oar]

I don't think the place where you get hit by the kick really matters, brother.

[spice latch]

Like image having to fight smthn that had claws like this

[full lagoon]

It definitely does, even if it just means you die slower or faster. Best odds are obviously away from the torso and head

[queen oar]

You can't be serious

[full lagoon]

We are talking about a single hit, I'm not debating whether they're gonna kill you or not.

[queen oar]

You are funny, do you know that?

[stiff osprey]

I'm sure plenty of people have survived a cassowary kick because it wasn't aimed at a vital spot

[full lagoon]

Don't really understand what you mean. I'm not arguing with the fact that they are dangerous. I'm just saying it's still possible to survive a single hit if you are lucky.

[stiff osprey]

The two people in history that were ever killed by cassowaries had both fallen over before being kicked and were kicked in the neck

at least one i know was the case

[charred hearth]

the idea of randomly being kicked by a cassowary off a cliff....

[charred hearth]

why do you randomly just get so defensive

[full lagoon]

Like bro what did I even say other than you won't necessarily always be one tapped?

[last adder]

No need to be a jerk, like come on.

Just making yourself look bad.

[charred hearth]

i wonder, what would be the more survivalable kick, a kangaroos or cassowarys?

[full lagoon]

Both are very bad I'm sure, death will come from differing injury though

Bruh ofc

[compact leaf]

one startled the cassowary when he fell over too it wasn’t really aggressive, the other guy I’m pretty sure it actually knocked him over before kicking him, but yes both were on the ground

[last adder]

You'd probably die faster to the bird moreso than the marsupial because of their differing combat styles. Both are capable of killing you though.

[full lagoon]

At the very least kangaroos are a lot more plentiful than cassowaries, still a terrible excuse to kill an animal

[queen oar]

I just think it's a bit ridiculous to suggest that you could get a chance to survive from a kick of either a Cassowary or Ostrich, based off " Chance " or " Where it hits you ", when in most scenarios that would lead to it, you could get an injury that if not treated immediately could result on your death. Unless you got an injury near civillization, or in a Zoo... Which it has to be asked: How did you even get in that situation in the first place?

[charred hearth]

the reason cuttlefish said earlier

what even caused a arguement about cassowaries kicking people to death?

[last adder]

If you listened to what flab said he was talking about surviving the initial attack outright. Complications after weren't being taken into account.

[full lagoon]

We were talking about the subjective line between most modern dinosaurs and "big scary MFS"

[last adder]

Cassowaries aren't inherently agressive most of the time, just very willing to defend themselves. I've heard they're quite shy and illusive.

[small geyser]

Ostriches have cassowaries beat when it comes to recorded fatal attacks. EDIT: Random and I shared a brain cell right then.

[stiff osprey]

yes their reputation as killers is very overblown, ostriches kill as many people per year as cassowaries killed in the history of humanity

of course we also interact with ostriches way more than we interact with cassowaries but yk i'd be equally wary of both

[winter marsh]

why no one talking about PP Ice Age

[charred hearth]

whats everyones opinion on the Stellar sea cow and short faced bear scene?

[stiff osprey]

i'm sure we had this convo already but i doubt a sea cow would survive for long on land

[charred hearth]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gV-yPueuDKE

[craggy trench]

He had to survive long enough to get his paycheck for the scene

[last adder]

Considering certain toothed whales including orcas CAN spend a decent amount of time on land and survive afterwards if they somehow manage to get back in water, it's not implausible.

[charred hearth]

would the short faced bear really not have done anything to the sea cow? was it really that fat?

[winter marsh]

probably, considering the sailors had to use harpoons that hunted stuff like whales to kill them

[warped peak]

Stellar is known to have had very tough skin and thick fat. Combined with how wide it is, even Arctotherium would struggle to actually pierce that hide, especially with how short the skull is

[last adder]

Sea cows were also incredibly buoyant so being even in just shallow water would help at least a little more than if another animal was in the same scenario.

[stuck chasm]

Hello! I know that the conversation has moved on, but for future reference, please ensure that this channel remains on-topic, focusing on paleontological discoveries, scientific news, and depictions of prehistoric creatures in media as they relate to paleontology, in line with our pinned guidelines.

I have gone ahead and removed off-topic comments, as they can be considered sensitive to others and not appropriate for this channel. Thank you for understanding

[winter marsh]

huh?

[charred hearth]

cassowary death discussion

[last adder]

I believe the only message deleted was the article snippet sent earlier regarding a kangaroo. Which is understandable for sure

[hardy sentinel]

Anyone else love the fact they're more closely related to a squirrel than a dog

[charred hearth]

who?

[hardy sentinel]

People

[last adder]

If you think about it, that makes tons of sense.

[jagged trellis]

i mean
both have grubby little hands and like to murder each others children for the sake of it so yeah
makes sense to me

( let alone actual relation i'm aware)

[little mauve]

ICYMI: Big freshwater mosasaur from the HCF https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40850-025-00246-y just a tooth but they did cool isotopic studies on it. Hell Creek having rivers large enough and productive enough for 11 meter mosasaurs is pretty cool

[bright veldt]

They do not. They are very shy animals.

They have a grand total of two fatalities to their name. One was active provocation and the other was startling it in a confined space.

Ostriches have caught more bodies than any other ratite.

[jagged trellis]

granted isn't it from farmed ostriches?
bruh what discord

[tough parcel]

What if the cassowary was in musth?

[bright veldt]

Yes. It's a lot like cows. People working around them a lot results in people occasionally getting killed.

[full lagoon]

Thats fair, the cassowary deal must be super bloated.

Also yeah being more commonly worked around is a big distinction.

[sterile trail]

Serious debate:
Do you pronounce the 'G' in Prognathodon or not?

[jagged trellis]

i see i see, thought so
also hai scan

[bright veldt]

I do but honestly, never considered with how it's spelled that ignoring it was optional. I only see that right now.

[warped peak]

^ thinking about it, it probably SHOULD be, the same way it should be pronounced "Helico-pter"

[tough parcel]

Sorry, but it's Prognathodon with a hard G and I refuse to allow the filthy pterosaur namers to win another one

[bright veldt]

hi

[little mauve]

prognathous is pronounced with a hard G for what it's worth

[jagged trellis]

hard G for me
also sounds alot better than pronatho for a fairly fat mosasaur

[zealous ravine]

See but like Archaeopteryx the correct answer is to ignore that fact

[warped peak]

I agree. Whether we should or shouldn't is irrespective of my opinion that it is stupid

[winter marsh]

the hard G sounds so tuff

[frosty cedar]

Yes, the movie is supposed to be stupid and dumb, but this scene alone just gives me so much brain aneurism.
https://youtu.be/ISchr_LQBPc?si=74vcw6rQxox0LzHP

[winter marsh]

its a cretoxyrhina with gamersupps

[opaque kayak]

Wait a minute this thing's skull is huge

[queen oar]

What if someone made a Giganotosaurus called " Mr. G " ?

[thorn grove]

Mr. Gangsta

[frosty cedar]

What are those lizard things then lol?

[winter marsh]

juiced up koolasuchus

[frosty cedar]

Oh, I got it: juvenile mosasaurus. They laid eggs like sea turtles, but their young had legs which will eventually turn into flippers as they mature. Completely justifiable.

We only spearhead true science over here at #paleontology

[balmy oyster]

Wait you’re NOT supposed to pronounce the g? Yeah right.

[outer tusk]

I always spell it like Pro-natho-don oh wait

[lavish frigate]

He used code Caseoh on his order, it all makes sense now

[lavish frigate]

What’s really funny is that those are apparently Ichthyostega

[charred hearth]

is there anywhere with enough fish to even feed a stable spinosaurus population

[granite thicket]

Prob have to feed off of nile crocs and hippos

[charred hearth]

is it even catching a hippo

[runic heart]

What’s stupid is that the second book had 3 kronosaurs instead of megs. It also took place entirely in the trench. Funny thing is that this opening scene was the beginning of the first book, where a T. rex chases for some reason a shantungosaurus into the ocean where it’s eaten by the meg.

[stiff osprey]

the air breathing kronosaur, famous inhabitant of the ocean trench

[runic heart]

Actually the speculative evolution is interesting in the book. Both the megs and kronosaurs barely resemble their ancient counterparts, looking white and having either useless or no eyes. Kind of goblin shark to alien-like. Kronosaurs had gills too.

[light osprey]

Rivers, Oceans even

[charred hearth]

again, would those rivers really be able to support a population of 8 ton piscivores that havent existed for uhm, 92 millions year?...

[runic heart]

Oceans probably.

Ik it’s kind of a frowned upon theory, but I wouldn’t doubt that some spinosaur populations did spend a decent amount of time in or near the ocean.

[full lagoon]

The funniest thing about this is that the previous movie actually stated that they went extinct within an accurate timeframe

[spice latch]

The Nile river -.-

[charred hearth]

the nile river...

[warm saddle]

Ok so question, is tarascosaurus invalid?

[fluid inlet]

rate this ourano model based off accuracy

[granite thicket]

Prob not invalid
Just fragmentary

[warm saddle]

Ok

Also does any1 have a cryodrakon and a tenontosaurus skeletal?

[limpid plover]

What game?

[fluid inlet]

Echoes of extinction

[snow python]

Which one was bigger D. Rugosus or D. Hatcheri?

[balmy oyster]

Hatcheri

[balmy oyster]

i love my horsie and my horsie love me

[astral spindle]

@fossil ingot is Tyrannotitan based Carch actually bulkier than Giga?

[runic rover]

Funnily enough, Rex WOULD chase preys in big bodies of water, this is one of those "rex sneaking on raptors at the end of JP" where one silly holliwoodian choice was actually real

[hallow spear]

Not really it’s just proportioned a bit differently

[astral spindle]

Oh ok, because using the R=m/l³ Carch got 4.3-4.4 and Giga got like 4.1.

[hallow spear]

What? I have no clue what that means

[astral spindle]

My friend told me that's how to calculate robustness, he saw it on a spreadsheet with the theropod weights. R= mass/length³.

[hallow spear]

That is not in any way robustness, that does not exist because mass/length is just… mass divided by length, you cannot measure robustness from 2 skeletals with different degrees of soft tissue and general proportions

[outer tusk]

Your friend made that mess up to sound smart 😭

[astral spindle]

I'm going to flame his ahh right now.

[outer tusk]

Am sorry but measuring "robustness"

Has to be the STUPIDEST mess I've EVER heard for a measurement for science in my double digits of life

[proven dagger]

@astral spindle

[astral spindle]

Where do u see it?

[sudden wind]

Robustisity is something you refer on a skeletal level. Robustness is something completely different and in reference to an individual's capacity to remain a stable metabolism in a stressful environment. Perhaps you're friend referred robustisity to bulk.

[astral spindle]

I think that's exactly what he did.

[runic rover]

This has to be like the 3rd time this week someone tries to make Giga look stupid :/

[spice latch]

What is this game I need it

[sudden wind]

Hello buddy

[granite thicket]

Nanotyrannus

[runic heart]

Ik

[primal horizon]

was there ever any freshwater marine reptiles

[bright veldt]

Freshwater plesiosaurs are pretty common, and we just had confirmation of a freshwater mosasaur in Hell Creek the other day.

[runic heart]

So how big is the new mosasaur? Or is it really just teeth..

[dapper spoke]

Funny proportions

[spice latch]

Measure the G I R T H

[bright veldt]

Just teeth

[charred hearth]

post your favorite prehestoric horse

[cloud dagger]

Proboscidipparion

[spice latch]

Lil basic but Equus Giganteus

[drifting echo]

people are out there saying jaguars could take down Quetzalcoatlus

[charred hearth]

here are mine

[fossil ingot]

I mean
Quetz isn't THAT much Larger
A Jaguar with an Ambush Prob Hurts
But so does a Peck

[charred hearth]

also quetz is mainly neck so

[drifting echo]

guys

the biggest jaguar barely reaches the rex's ankle, the rex has to look up at the quetz

sure the quetz is only 250-300 kilos, but that doesn't matter when it's staring at you about to peck your brains out

[spice latch]

quetzalcoatlas was the size of a giraffe >.>

[drifting echo]

not as heavy, but like I said, weight doesn't matter at all when this is galloping towards you

[runic heart]

Yall, how big is the new mosasaur based on teeth?

[open compass]

It's like saying jaguar could hunt a giraffe

[runic rover]

A carnivore giraffe who has a monster hunter-bs-level weapon on its face.

...and can fly.

[fossil ingot]

A giraffe is very likely phisically superior to Quetz
And not a Good Comparison

[fossil ingot]

Thats why I said a Peck would hurt, I doubt It would like kill it in 1 Peck but It would Hurt
And I Specifically also mentioned in an Ambush
Which is how Jaguars Hunt

[last adder]

Unlikely but not impossible.

Matchups are more complex than just two animals trying to face tank eachother.

[spice latch]

Daeodon superior, jaguar inferior

[fossil ingot]

Cats are good to take down stuff bigger than themselves
I think with a Proper Ambush is def not Impossible

[charred hearth]

i always viewed quetz as a grabber and slammer with its beak

[last adder]

If the azhdarchid got a solid hold or hits, either blunt or sharp, the cat is probably cooked. But at the same time the cat could severely punish it with proper strategy, which would realisticly be a leap from above, but I don't realistically those large pterosaurs wandering into forests often. Not to mention the cats wouod have to learn how to hunt them and get used to their presence.

[hardy sentinel]

If a Jaguar went up against a Quetz it would turn and run because of intimidation

[last adder]

They wouldn't be looking at eachother face to face in the first place

[charred hearth]

whats the difference btween a jaguar and lepoard...

[hardy sentinel]

Jaguars are south american and bigger than leopards

Leopards are generally smaller and arboreal ambush predators

[last adder]

I doubt any self respecting jaguar is going to let itself be seen out in the open by something so large.

[charred hearth]

anyone wanna do a size comparison between a jaguar and quetz...

[hardy sentinel]

Quetz are similar heights as giraffes. Jaguars are similar height with leopards according to the size comparison I shared

[last adder]

Yes its very unlikely that the cat would attack a pterosaur like that, but it theoretically has the ability to fatally wound it. Jaguars don't hunt tall prey to my knowledge.

[hardy sentinel]

Jaguars don't live with tall prey

They live with bulky prey though

[last adder]

Which an azhdarchid isn't comparatively. But that doesn't mean it's frail and easy to take down by any means.

[hardy sentinel]

Tallest animals they live with are probably those hippos in Columbia

But normally their tallest prey items are probably some variety of deer

[true juniper]

Guys, hypothetically, what's stopping a 45 ton brachiosaurus from running down and squishing a stegosaurus into a brownish reddish stain approximately 3 meters in Diameter if it angered the brachiosaurus?

[hardy sentinel]

A Stegosaurus is faster

[charred hearth]

no its not

[hardy sentinel]

A Stegosaurus ain't fast but it's faster than a Brachiosaurus

[tough parcel]

Why is this so specific

I mean technically nothing unless @hallow spear can prove Stegosaurus is faster than a Brachiosaurus

[hallow spear]

It is probably faster and almost certainly able to out endurance a brachiosaurus lol

[restive crag]

Legal repercussions

[tulip dove]

The Stegosaurus uses its plates to achieve flight and impales the Brachiosaurs head with its thagomizer... (This is very real)

[charred hearth]

how would the sails being made out of bone affect the species

( censor for gore ) what the hell happened to it

[polar temple]

Another Rex or maybe an encounter with an Alamosaurus would be my guess

[charred hearth]

its shoulder is dislocated, half its face is missing.

[harsh forge]

it went within 100m of a bull edmontosaurus in musth

[charred hearth]

atleast it lived, somehow.

would it even be able to survive those injuries ToT

[hardy sentinel]

He met a goth girl

[open compass]

Quetz would scare jaguar by it's height and mostly it'll try to catch it

[ancient crystal]

The same thing stopping you from stepping on a board full of nails

[tough parcel]

Nothing because this isn't a specimen that exists

It'd be dead

[charred hearth]

oh...

[hazy basalt]

Is there any studies on how much force a peck from various kinds of Pterosaurs could generate?

I know pterosaurs have notoriously weak bites but what about their neck strength or whatever is the main thing that generates the force behind a peck.

[ancient crystal]

Yeah, I'm pretty sure this is just gore for the sake of gore

[hazy basalt]

Brian Engh.jpg

[bright veldt]

Based on what we know, no actually.

Despite not being as armored as say, ankylosaurus, stegosaurus was about as slow. It’s comparable to sauropods, and thanks to its long legs brachiosaurus was likely surprisingly fast.

To actually answer the question….stegosaurus has nearly meter-long thagomizers. That still hurts and can potentially still be lethal, even to a brachiosaurus, depending on where it hits.

In a dumb death match the brachi is obviously killing it but that’s not the question here.

[wind prairie]

pretty sure it's invalid

[fluid inlet]

Deinosuchus solos idc and didn’t ask

[charred hearth]

@hallow spear stegosaurus expert with a degree in stegology, is this true?

[hallow spear]

It definitely isnt, those estimates were derived from the Thulborn 1980s formula which is safe to say, really bad, Brachi was however surprisingly fast using Larramendis speed formula, albeit it was suggested that it seems to overestimate said animals.. Ankylosaurus assuming a size of CMN 8880 was about 10kmh(using the Sauropod formula), Stegosaurus is likely around 20, although an estimate based on mature stegosaurus proportions have yet to be tested due to the lack of measurements/described mature specimens

Hopefully, apex will change this

[charred hearth]

what do you mean anky is as fast as a human...

oh okay

[hallow spear]

10kmh, not MPH

[ancient crystal]

Clearly stegosaurus were sessile organisms, like mussels or oysters, and their "plates" are actually the remains of a large shell

[hallow spear]

I can however estimate the speed of the Rally road stegosaurus specimen if i wanted to...

[outer tusk]

If you want to know the MPH it;s acutally 6.2

[charred hearth]

do you main all 3 of the stegosaurids? im gen curious

[spice latch]

https://tenor.com/view/tense-table-smash-mad-gif-13656077

[hallow spear]

Im unsure what you mean, theres more than 3 stegosaurids

[charred hearth]

In PoT, kentro, mira and stego

[spice latch]

@hallow spear what’s the best stegosaurid

[hallow spear]

I hate them all (in a loving way)
But i quite like Hesperosaurus

[charred hearth]

does anyone remember when wueherosaurus was depicted with square plates?

[spice latch]

Hey wait that’s just stego but short

[hallow spear]

Incomplete plate that looks very rectangular

[charred hearth]

so stupid but so very cute

[hallow spear]

this is the plate

[charred hearth]

kinda looks like a wrapped up soft taco!

[spice latch]

I like abelisaurids

So upset that PoT pycno is just a big carno, did my boy dirty

[balmy oyster]

How cute

[charred hearth]

is it theoretically possible for a stego to be born without any plates? like, a hypothetical

[spice latch]

@hallow spear bless us with your knowledge

[charred hearth]

i wonder how much living without plates would affect said theroretical stegosaurus's live...

[hallow spear]

i do not think it would be possible for every single one to not be present

[balmy oyster]

It would be mistaken for a dicraesaur and would live the rest of its life like one with other dicraesaurs

[charred hearth]

thats one big smitanosaurus...

[outer tusk]

Chat. guess why Camarasaurus is my 2nd favorite sauropod

[warped peak]

bity bite chomp chomp

[outer tusk]

it's because of PER

[jagged trellis]

because he's just that guy

[outer tusk]

also I never died as my camara when playing this game like it when two to two with albino giga and was just so good for it's tier

[tough parcel]

Oh so you respond to them but not me for the exact same question

I'll remember this...

[balmy oyster]

GSP back at it again…

[spice latch]

https://tenor.com/view/jarvis-jarvis-skill-issue-skill-issue-gif-24471438

[fluid inlet]

Idk why

[hallow spear]

wait huh

[outer tusk]

Prior Extinction Retro

[balmy oyster]

Gilmore Larson tyrannus

[ancient crystal]

I feel like his ultimate goal is to name every individual tyrannosaur specimen as its own species

[balmy oyster]

Does seem like that’s what he’s doing and it’s incredibly scummy with how he’s doing it.

[warped peak]

I can't tell if this is satire or not

[balmy oyster]

Hint: it’s Gregory S. Paul.

[warped peak]

ah so slow spiral into madness got it

[bright veldt]

Actual taxonomic vandalism. People are pissed.

[hardy sentinel]

Describe it in Minecraft terms

[ancient crystal]

He's trying to bring 1.21.5 to paleontology

[balmy oyster]

Tryna add more mob variants without a good reason

[runic heart]

Well what’s your favorite

[outer tusk]

Omeisaurus

[tough parcel]

That head looks way too big, I refuse to acknowledge this as a real animal

[plush fossil]

how dare you assume im not real

[balmy oyster]

Ironically it’s one of the more normal mamenchisaurs

[outer tusk]

"normal" + Mamenchisaurs seems off

[charred hearth]

but camara exists!

[charred hearth]

what would you guys say was the more effective weapon, a stegosaurus's thagomizer or a ankylosaurids club? , in a vaccum ? i guess

[bright veldt]

Both are terrible but honestly in terms of lethality stabbing is probably worse.

[charred hearth]

also, wouldnt stegosaurus be able to swing it with more force? i remember reading somewhere stegosaurids had more force behind their swings then ankylosaurids

[balmy oyster]

Stego thagomizer

Anky’s evolved their club for intraspecific combat and while does work it’s not the most effective. We have evidence of Stego’s thagomizers working just as intended.

[charred hearth]

that allosaurus could never have kids after that...

Do we know if it died due to that wound or another factor?

[winter marsh]

Id be impressed if it DIDNT die from the crotch strike

[thorn grove]

also Stegosaurs had much more flexible tails than Ankylosaurs

you often see depictions of Ankylosaurs defending itself in all directions by doing a scorpion strike over its head or swinging all the way around its side, but both would have been impossible due to their lacking tail flexibility

[plush fossil]

i feel like both would probably hurt

[bright veldt]

It was essentially like having a giant baseball bat attached to its butt. There was next to no flexibility aside from the base.

[charred hearth]

Doedicurus had more tail flexibility, right?

[winter marsh]

cant ankylosaurs basically pivot quickly while swinging their tail to strike their opponents or would they be fodder to the mighty tyrannosaurus like edmontosaurus meatbag that dies because fat and sluggish and trike foddersome

[balmy oyster]

Triceratops was a lot better at pivoting.

Anky would have to huddle up

[fluid inlet]

Idk I wasn’t there

[winter marsh]

I can confirm tyrannosaurus was the cause of extinction of all Hell Creek dinosaurs because it was too mighty and powerful and wiped out all of the weak and faulty beasts

only Anzu and Alamosaurus left because those somehow didnt get nerfed to the ground

[polar temple]

I’ve got a possibly interesting theory about Triceratops for y’all tonight.

As a life long player of the Carnivores games (if you’re not familiar with them, that’s ok), my favorite animal from any of them is undoubtedly Triceratops from the first Carnviores game all the way back in 1998. I’ve always admired how Tatem Games and Action Forms managed to really capture the style and essence of Zdeňek Burian’s paleoart by basing their designs on it, especially Triceratops which is visibly based on Triceratops prorsus. But something I’ve never really put much thought into until now when it comes to Triceratops is nasal horn usage. Obviously we all know that the brow and nasal horns of ceratopsids are there for intimidation and/or combat, but what if they had other purposes?

In Carnivores, the Trike’s idle animations mainly consist of it digging up the ground in front of with its nasal horn to unearth things like roots and fibrous plants, which along with the entire model is based on Zdeňek Burian’s 1955 Triceratops painting that shows two of them eating and one is doing that exact same thing. Then I got to thinking… could Triceratops prorsus have actually done that? Like… think about it. Compared to Triceratops horridus, prorsus’s nose horn is significantly longer, more forward facing, and placed further forward on its nose. Then there’s the keratin sheath growing on the outside of the horns that could’ve possibly made them a slight bit longer and more curved. Couple that with the fact that Triceratops could reach its beak to the ground when eating (at least I think it could) and you essentially have an animal with a built in dual purpose shovel and intimidation piece on its nose. I know it’s probably something tired and stupid to say, but I donno it’s just something that makes sense to me.

[ancient crystal]

That's a lot of words that I'm too drunk to read, can someone dumb it down for me?

[spice latch]

what if trike used its nose horn to dig up roots, like in Carnivores

[polar temple]

Okay Tipsy

Prorsus specifically, horridus couldn’t really do anything with its dinky nose horn

[winter marsh]

new update- Alamosaurus' legs were too weak to support its weight so it rooted itself to the floor to be easy meal for the mighty tyrannosaurus, and Anzu was discovered to have extremely slow metabolism, only being able to walk for short distances

[polar temple]

Devious? Huh?

Now that’s an invincible unicorn

[spice latch]

id just like to point out this is where unicorns come from

yknow I could see a trike doing that in my head

[charred hearth]

do their horns usually get that long without poaching?

[spice latch]

well its sorta like people adapting to different things they have, like 6 fingers or missing legs

it really is impressive ngl

[winter marsh]

bro got funny poking stick in head

[spice latch]

they also arent as aggressive as people say (but of course its an herbivore and would infact impale you without a second thought)

[charred hearth]

do we know how rapidly a ceratopsians horn would grow?

[granite thicket]

ahhh yes
paul lumping bunch of genuses and now he's splitting them like crazy

[spice latch]

hey so uh any of yall have even the slightest clue of what daeodon wouldve sounded like, because I sure dont

[balmy oyster]

I mean we have a clip of a corvid snowboarding down a roof so I’m inclined to believe it could be play

[normal fable]

If anyone were to answer yes to this we would need to interrogate them and figure out where they're hiding their time machine because there isn't any other way to know

[balmy oyster]

Best to keep him away from ceratopsians lol…

[granite thicket]

Just look at what he suggests for pterosaur taxonomy in his pterosaur books

Birds have unique blood vessel alignment on their legs which prevents them from getting frostbite

[jagged trellis]

( i don't remember in certain but i believe they divert heat away from the feet alongside cycling in hot and cold)

[granite thicket]

Anzu?

[tough parcel]

(Probably) not

[stiff osprey]

Emperors aren't actually man height, they're baby

[tough parcel]

Children

[sullen cairn]

emperor penguins feel like made up animals

like oh yes of course the child-sized seabird that does this every year for some reason at the bottom of the world

[stiff osprey]

i remember watching march of the penguins as a kid and thinking wow all of those birds must have depression

[fluid inlet]

Penguins are such a weird dinosaur , like half human half bird

[balmy oyster]

Meanwhile Galapagos and little blue penguins running around on rocks all happily

[static widget]

Was about to say the small ones seem so happy

[fluid inlet]

Spike

[balmy oyster]

I wonder if the crest is real or if it’s just corythoraptor

[little mauve]

crest is not original afaik

[fluid inlet]

Crest is way too optimistic but I’m rolling with it

[balmy oyster]

Knew it.

I just realized the whole thing resembled corythoraptor anyways, down to the mandibles and spherical body.

[little mauve]

I would bet they used it as reference for sure

[fluid inlet]

It was for sure a tactic to make it sell for more , naming it spike when the material that is there no way can predict the crest is a big ol spike.

[little mauve]

honestly it's not a bad reconstruction given the material. Another dino for some rich guys basement (hopefully not)

to the barricades!

[ashen wedge]

They be chunky…. So that means, more meat to eat

[little mauve]

calm down, gorgosaur

[fluid inlet]

He loves meat

[wind prairie]

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693447v1.full.pdf+html Paul just be making stuff up now 🥀

[balmy oyster]

Thankfully unlike T. imperator I don’t think the name Gilmorelarsontyrannus is going to stick within academia

Seriously what the hell was GSP thinking? That’s not even google translated Latin it’s just…some dude’s name

[charred hearth]

so whats currently happening with rex and all of that stuff?

[velvet burrow]

Dude who likes to make up taxa just made up some tyrannosaurid taxa

[stiff osprey]

is it intentional that GSP splits nanotyrannus and names the new taxon after gilmore just a couple days after curtice says he refused to split alamosaurus because gilmore wouldn't have liked it? probably not, but it was a funny coincidence

[balmy oyster]

That’s hilarious

[charred hearth]

will nanotyrannus stay valid while the rest of the other taxon die?

[velvet burrow]

Random Random allow me to ask some questions

[balmy oyster]

It’s GSP so they were never valid to begin with

[velvet burrow]

Is this Chilesaurus skeletal good?

[charred hearth]

but nano stays valid, right?

[balmy oyster]

Obviously

[stiff osprey]

Looks way too sauropodomorph-like to me

[velvet burrow]

That's Chilesaurus for you but yes
The only other skeletal is the description skeletal which... is a description skeletal
It also has what seems like a functional 3rd finger which i'mcurious if it was the case

Chilesaurus last time i checked was said to have 2 mobile fingers plus a third one that's kinda just a vestigial metacarpal

[granite thicket]

Didnt gsp propose utetitan btw

[balmy oyster]

He did but his “analysis” was also just as flawed

[stiff osprey]

seems like headden just added phalanges to the third digit, none have been found but that doesn't mean it didn't have any

with how incomplete chile's skull is maybe the sauropodomorph head is not that bad. though it does have too many vertebrae and undersized arms

[velvet burrow]

What about the beak

[stiff osprey]

isn't really much of a beak as it has teeth all the way to the forward edge of the jaws

but yeah the premaxilla on this one has a convex shape on the bottom when it should be concave, making it more beak-like

[velvet burrow]

Alr
I saw the skeletal with a fully functional third finger and a skull that, at least to me, doesn't look like it supported a rhamphotheca and i wonder if i'm missing something about Chilesaurus

Btw Random, last question

[stiff osprey]

?

[velvet burrow]

There's this isolated, unnamed vertebra from Bajo de la Carpa formation refered to as a member of Carnotaurinae (the thing tmk is from 2009)

Even though the relationships between abeilsaurids have changed and aren't that stable to begin with, is it possible that it belongs to a more derived carnotaurini? Since there is already a basal brachyrostran and 2 early furileusaurians in Bajo de la Carpa, and the environment is considered to represent a period of transition between cenomanian taxa and later end cretaceous fauna

[stiff osprey]

Seems like that would be consistent with an Aucasaurus-like taxon, i don't know if auca's caudals have been described yet but Skorpiovenator already has carnotaur-ish transverse processes while being earlier

[velvet burrow]

(it's actually from 2001)

[stiff osprey]

Might even be Llukalkan or Viavenator

[velvet burrow]

Are the transverse processes also elevated like in Carnotaurus and Ekrixinatosaurus?

[velvet burrow]

Alr

[stiff osprey]

looks similar to the ~8th caudal of Skorp to me though this one may well be more anterior

[charred hearth]

whats the most valid thing that gsp says in the paper

[velvet burrow]

It was described as being 4th or 5th. Tmk Viavenator doesn't have anterior caudals, only middle and distals (nevermind it has the 7th one)

[stiff osprey]

oh, not Via then

[undone rapids]

All of auca's verts have been described iirc

[velvet burrow]

Alr

So unlike the other vert, it can't be somewhat confidently assigned to any clade withing brachyrostra, sadge

[olive elm]

What animals are primarily used when reconstructing dinosaurs?

[stiff osprey]

aside from other dinosaurs, mostly alligators (crocodylians in general but we know more about alligator anatomy)

[charred hearth]

what sense would spino rely on the most when it comes to hunting?

[fluid inlet]

Whichever animal u want bud

[true juniper]

I've always thought skorpio has an unusually small skull and Rotund torso for its size compared to other abelisaurids

[undone rapids]

It'll probably have a more normal looking body once its completely described.

[glacial elbow]

What should I do to install Path of Titan?

[undone rapids]

The paper skeletal is not the best

[granite thicket]

Not this channel mate

[undone rapids]

The Auca Osteo mentions it a bit, its probably something similar to Auca-Lulu and Viavenator

Auca 4th Caudal

[true juniper]

Btw what do you think about People saying carnotaurus was not cursorial and used it's Very developed caudofemoralis muscles to help it push Against things or other carnotaurus' in Contest's

[undone rapids]

We don't have carnotaurus' legs so there's not much of a way to know how cursorial it would be, though if we assume it had similar leg proportions as its close relative of Aucasaurus and Koloken, it was probably more cursorial than similarly sized Allosauroids which have shorter metatarsals but probably less cursorial than Tyrannosaurs which have extremely long metatarsals.

The very well developed CFM would mainly help in pulling the legs back very fast, which would help abelisaurs more with alot of force, so it'd help in accelaration much more than say Top speed.

[true juniper]

Interesting thank you

[undone rapids]

Though this wouldn't be the case for all abelisaurs, some like Majungasaurus and Eoabelisaurus have pretty short legs and were probably not as fast as their Brachyostran cousins

[true juniper]

Is it true that allosaurus had Shorter and Wider teeth than torvosaurus and ceratosaurus (and carcharodontosaurids)

[undone rapids]

I know Torvo and Cerato have Longer teeth than Allo and random once mentioned that Torvo's Teeth are more like Carchs with how thin they are, dunno by how much though.

[stable sun]

Torvo has in general just very big teeth. Look at the tooth in the T. gurneyi type maxilla for example.

[true juniper]

Tbh I know this may seem like a Hot take but torvosaurus seems more like a "sauropod hunter" than allosaurus due to Its large head and teeth

[undone rapids]

Could be yeah, hopefully we'll have a better idea of Torvo once Elvis is described

[true juniper]

Yes, also I've seen that ceratosaurus Is always portrayed in games and other media as some Angry nasty scavenger, what's the proof of this? Or is this just made up?

[native kindle]

its just a trope for cerato pretty much

[undone rapids]

Allosaurus always gets called lion of Jurassic so maybe people just looks at the smaller guy and go "Hyena of Jurassic!!!" and maybe the whole Hyena = Scavengers idea.

[native kindle]

you'd be hard pressed to find a large theropod that wouldn't have evolved to eat sauropods in some capacity, giant easy to see meals are the best thing you could ask for and what gave us all the large carcharodontosaurids

[true juniper]

I've also heard somewhere that the premaxillary teeth on ceratosaurus resemble the teeth of baryonychines

[stable sun]

To be fair, no theropod ever actually hunted adult giant sauropods

[undone rapids]

Sauropods.... sauropods everywhere

[stable sun]

This is missing that one Andesaurid from Candeleros

[native kindle]

that we know of i will continue to hold out hope we find more confident evidence for such things, it makes too much sense for all these large carcharodontosaurids to be lined up perfectly at the giant sauropods caudefemoralis/weak points to just assume that they never hunted the big fellas

[undone rapids]

Its also missing a really cool Abelisaur

[stable sun]

Which

[undone rapids]

Mentioned first in 2019

[stable sun]

Doesn't really seem described

[undone rapids]

Oh yeah, still one could just make spectrovenator skeletal bigger and fit it in there

[runic heart]

So the freshwater mosasaur is estimated at 11 meters… obviously stupid based on tooth scaling. So how big do yall think this things head was to have teeth that big?!?!

[outer tusk]

I mean seems fine ish

[runic heart]

Well tooth scaling isn’t great, and it’s a freshwater animal. In all likelihood it’s nowhere near 11 meters.

[outer tusk]

shocker tooth scaling isn't great 😭

[runic heart]

Probably bobbleheaded like deinosuchus, which would look really funny on a mosasaur.

[outer tusk]

why would it be a bobbleheaded and not just a normal mosasaur?

[runic heart]

Well the teeth are clearly big, maybe it just had relatively big teeth? I’m just not very inclined to assume it was as big as any ocean-going mosasaur. Not really based on anything, more like a personal “too cool to be true” thing.

[native kindle]

yeah i don't think we have much of anything for a bobblehead in any mosasaur or really anything related, wasn't the entire point of that paper redescribing the river ecosystem to be able to support a large mosasaur like that

[runic heart]

Was it?

[tough parcel]

It's standard Prognathodon size, it really isn't anything notable 💀

[runic heart]

I guess, yeah.

[outer tusk]

bro got cut in half lmao

[runic heart]

“Are you the strongest because you’re prognathodontine, or are you prognathodontine because you’re the strongest?”

[tough parcel]

https://tenor.com/view/phil-swift-flex-tape-flex-seal-boat-demo-gif-17097389

[native kindle]

im reading the paper right now, they performed some isotope studies on the teeth of that specific mosasaur and its uh, im not sure of the word im looking for but its isotopes matched closer to the terrestrial animals of the ecosystem than the marine mosasaurs of nearby formations
"Taking these offsets into account, the δ18OSc and δ13C values span much broader ranges from − 11.11 to -1.20‰ and 3.68 to -8.72‰ vs. VPDB, respectively. Notably, the mosasaurine tooth NDGS 12217 yields 3.16‰ δ13C unleached, and 3.68‰ δ13C leached and − 7.12‰ δ18OSc unleached, and − 7.83‰ δ18OSc leached – which is consistently closer to terrestrial taxa than to marine, with the δ13C values exceeding beyond those observed in the terrestrial taxa and, therefore, potentially reflecting diet."
at least thats what i think this means

[runic heart]

So it ate terrestrial animals.

[outer tusk]

is that a suprise?

[tough parcel]

Or it means it spent more time in freshwater than saltwater

But Idk! I hate funny numbers rn!

[native kindle]

this mosasaur ate terrestrial animals enough and so consistently that its more likely for it to have been living there rather than just resting in rivers, yes
they also proposed that salinity levels in the WIS were dropping and rainwater was taking over; requiring mosasaurs to needing to adapt to large rivers like these

[outer tusk]

trust

[runic heart]

Well no, but the values exceeding other terrestrial fauna is.

[runic heart]

So the western interior sea just kinda closed in on them.

[outer tusk]

wouldn't be surprised if it was something like this as we seen with Primeval mosasurus or more real world example like alligators

[runic heart]

That’d be cool.

[bright veldt]

My issue is that it kind of just….goes against what we know being practically possible.

The largest fully aquatic freshwater animal I know of is the 5 meter 1.2 ton rhizodus.

This mosasaur by what is being said would be at least 3 times that size. I don’t know how such a large creature could permanently live in such relatively confined areas.

[outer tusk]

That's what [ REDACTED ] want you to think (this is def /srs)

[runic heart]

Well apparently it’s not actually that big, more like Sarcosuchus sized.

[native kindle]

but there was another freshwater mosasaur being proposed at sizes like that, even if this one isn't

this also isn't even the first mosasaur to live in at the very least brackish/estuarian environments, they named four other ones in the paper (those being Pannoniasaurus, a Canadian Plioplatecarpine, Goronyosaurus and the Breien Mosasaur which was the one proposed at similarly massive sizes)

[tough parcel]

[native kindle]

that was another part of the paper actually, showing that it just wasn't that confined
also yeah i did see what you said falcon, its still 8-9m which is still much larger than what we expect for big freshwater fellas

[spice latch]

@hallow spear what do you think a stegosaurus would sound like?

[plush fossil]

What if they said their names like Pokémon?
Yeah I'm so smart I know

[spice latch]

https://tenor.com/view/fadding-smart-gif-16536398705701482405

[bright veldt]

My bad

Also, I forgot prionosuchus exists (Yes it couldn’t go on land).

[velvet burrow]

Is it also possible that abelisaurid leg muscles kinda worked differently from other theropods?

[fossil ingot]

I was gonna say if Deino counts but Deino would simply just Belly Drag Itself like Gharials does so it prob doesn't count

[charred hearth]

whats the coldest cretascous formation that we know of?

[velvet burrow]

Also iirc Skorpiovenator has less elevated transverse processes than its close relative Ekrixinatosaurus, so does Pycnonemosaurus while Carnotaurus and Aucasaurus are the most extreme cases. Was it more species depenent, with some leaning into it or not depending on their ecology and not really about what they're related to?

Also Majungasaurus tmk has a more normal theropod condition, which ig means they weren't that different

[charred hearth]

i know we have a Aristonectinae that lived in the artic with like glaciers and ice

[tough parcel]

That's how animals work yes

They evolve bodies dependent on their ecology and life needs

[velvet burrow]

Ye but a lot of people say "oh carnotaurus fast = every abelisaurid ever fast"

But i'm mainly asking about the degree of plasticity (if that makes sense?)

[undone rapids]

For Carno and Auca its, Probably due to them being younger and more derived, Brachyostrans as a whole were basically going for the whole huge tail muscles thingie and it reached its most extreme in the younger brachyostrans. The others, yeah probably was just dependent on their environment

Its also something we see in torvosaurus(The brontoraptor specimen)

[charred hearth]

will eurinho need any sort of visual tweaks when it gets its tlc?

also, is there any theory for the , uhm, nose? i forgot what its called, but the large bill(?) on eurniho and what its used for?

[true juniper]

Wait torvosaurus had the weird elevated transverse processes too?!?
I thought that was only for carnotaurus and it's closest relatives

[ancient crystal]

The rostrum

Also its pretty good iirc

[charred hearth]

theres no way its gonna function like a sailfish's rostrum, so what would it be used for? also, what would its niche / hunting style be like irl?

[undone rapids]

It probably evolved multiple times within theropods in different lineages. Also its possible the Brontoraptor specimen isn't Torvosaurus but something closely related along with Edmarka

[outer tusk]

ngl Edmarka rex and Brontoraptor already are some hardest ass names

[true juniper]

Non spinosaur megalosaurs seem so Unique but it's a shame they're not popular (anymore) and arent known from good enough remains

[undone rapids]

Afrovenator is good, has a few new specimens iirc hopefully will be described soon

[runic heart]

Well the whole thing about them being unique is that they are pretty plain compared to others, which is why I kind of like the idea of a funny nasal crest.

[undone rapids]

Leshan is also a pretty cool one, lived with Yangchuanosaurus and Sinraptor hepigenesis

[rich forum]

I want yalls input with this. For the tendaguru sauropods, what if I used giraffe patterns for multiple genus of sauropod but a different type of giraffe for every genus I use it on? Not on every sauropod either, more like 2 or 3 genus at most.

[outer tusk]

sounds good

[native kindle]

copy pasting the mammal directly onto a reptile is something i think would be a bit uninspired. based on giraffes with their own unique take would be neat though

[spice latch]

Hear me out.

Stripes WITH spots

[still prairie]

What do you guys think the activity schedules(basically at what times of day they would be active at) of various dinosaur groups was? Trying to use this info for a project

[spice latch]

I imagine it would be similar to today’s animals, with many predators being mainly nocturnal

[rich forum]

It wouldn't be copy and pasted, I did this with paralititan already. And though there was reticulation, it wasn't exactly how it was on a giraffe

[rich forum]

I can work with that

[little mauve]

https://sci-hub.ru/10.1126/science.1200043 this paper should be helpful

[still prairie]

Unfortunately the link doesn't seem to work for me

[little mauve]

lemme see if I can share the file one sec

[spark gate]

That that’s a lotta meat, makes me feel hungry

[hallow spear]

MOOOO

[runic heart]

Giant gurgling bellow

[runic heart]

https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1178427201063679&id=100066892290400&http_ref=eyJ0cyI6MTc2NTc0NTc4ODAwMCwiciI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbVwvIn0%3D

the practical effects 😭 😭
It’s beautiful

[frosty cedar]

Lmao.

[frosty cedar]

Wow, that could've been cool. Not enough dumb shark movie and bald british man tho. Scrap it.

[runic heart]

3rd movie is already in the works. If it sticks to the books, we’d be getting a uh.. 100+ ft liopleurodon…

[runic heart]

Idk exactly what this is, probably an Erythrosuchus.

[frosty cedar]

Shamelessly copied JP/JW rex doesn't even have a throat💀💀💀💀💀💀

[runic heart]

And the tongue is wild

[frosty cedar]

I also love that they deliberately went out of their way to make this plagiarized design ugly.

[frosty cedar]

WWD lives on.

Btw, I love how these things have nostrils on top of their head, an actual thought out design, but they live in the trench 11 km deep.

[runic rover]

People tend to frown on JW mosa but I catch them always kinda rooting for WWD liopleurodon.

[runic heart]

Still a fan of the liopleurodon more. I always had a pop up book with that design in it since I was little, and for the longest time I knew its name without knowing where the design came from.

[frosty cedar]

Was it oversized even for the time? Wouldn't be surprised tho. Rex in WWD is ugly as hell, and inaccurate even for the time, to the point that 1993 JP Rex looks better.

[runic rover]

Personally, I'd take WWD Rex compared to Anime-eyes "rExY" from JW.

[frosty cedar]

Well, JW is not a documentary after all.

On the topic, I really didn't understand why people thought that in JW Blue and Rexy talked, after mosa killed Indo. Blue just gurgled a little, and rex just.. looked at her for a second and walked away. And that was very contreversial somehow.

[frail robin]

When did Istiodactylids go extinct? And why did they, considering Scavenging flyers like vultures tend to be very successful animals today

[runic rover]

I mean... It was VERY cartoony for no reason but making it look cartoonishly corny

[frosty cedar]

Maybe, but saying they're "talking" is also exaggerating this scene lol.

[runic rover]

It is made in a way where if they talked it wouldn't even make it that much worse (not because I'm a fan of talking dinosaurs, but because that scene belongs to those kind of corny choices)

And I say this even as a huge fan of JW 2015, everything was great to me until the final battle.

[frosty cedar]

The final battle has so much sauce imo, for me it's juuuuuuusssst enough over the top to not be goofy. Final battle in Dominion sucked hard tho. And was way too quick.

[runic rover]

No no you got it wrong, Dominion was so garbage by the final battle I was like numb enough to endure the giga's (favorite dinosaur regardless of the design which I waited ages to see in the franchise) stupid death without even shedding a tear.

[runic heart]

Tbh, Jw kinda invented the final battle. Idc if that’s not true, but it certainly feels like it. One of the coolest movie scenes imo to this day.

Jurassic world was kinda perfect aside from the barebones and kinda gross-looking herbivore designs. The only one I’ll let slide is ankylosaurus, which kinda makes sense cause it got the spotlight.

[frosty cedar]

I like Dominion mostly, except giga's design (the only one I hate in the whole franchise) and final battle. Thank god for Chaos Theory.

[frosty cedar]

One of the things I don't like is how often triceratops is sidelined in this whole franchise.

[runic heart]

The locusts would have been infinitely better if they were 1. Actually pterosaurs instead and 2. Had the scene where instead of those fire machines trying to eradicate them, people actually went into the tank with flamethrowers and got killed. That was the original concept.

[runic rover]

To be honest, that's the problems of herbivores, well... Probably aside from Brachiosaurus, which is still very underrepresented, but milks very well the nostalgia.

[runic heart]

The thing I kinda like about the sauropod “wow” scene in Jurassic world being an apatosaurus instead of a brachi is that in the JP novel, that first encounter scene was in fact an apatosaurus.

[runic rover]

The media knows nobody goes hype upon seeing a plant-eater, and no matter what, they are right. And I don't mean like "herbivores aren't fun" (hell I got tears of happiness upon seeing the new Edmonto discovery) but it is correct to assume the majority of people only really cares of carnivores (rex specifically) outside of the nostalgia bubble.

[frosty cedar]

I also think Rebirth is at it's absolute worst in this department. Not only is the approach EXTREMELY weird** (dinosaurs appear/disappear into thin air)**, some of them don't even make sense: that worm thing in the water, thing in the bushes. Don't show the bushes rustling, SHOW IT TO ME DAMN IT.

Only titanosaurus had a decent scene, where it was yet again blatant nostalgia and they were docile cows. Anky got 1 second of screen time. Dolores doesn't count because she is an industry plant.

[tough parcel]

What 😭

[frosty cedar]

What what?

[runic rover]

Rebirth was written and directed by Ai change my mind, I refuse to think someone wrote it, someone approved it and someone made whatever those designs are, that's at least 3 filters the movie slipped past.

Oh and it definitively didn't bother asking a paleontologist (not that last time it did any better).

[tough parcel]

I don't understand the problems here like in the original film, the dinosaurs only have ~15 minutes of screentime + a few appear and are never featured again

It makes sense animals are gonna be hidden in a dense jungle untouched by a living human for years

I love that the AI boogeyman is rearing its head in a situation we know the circumstances of 😭 like really guys??

[ancient crystal]

I don't think the Jurassic films have ever cared to consult a paleontologist

[tough parcel]

There's...significant evidence that's incorrect 🥀

[runic rover]

First movies had Horner, yes THAT horner, he used to be an actually serious person, and he did a heck of a job, he had a lot of control over the dinosaur designs, and at the time they were cutting-edge

[tough parcel]

They also had GSP and others

[ancient crystal]

Ok, but I guess my point is that they shouldn't really need to consult paleontologists to be considered good or not. They aren't those kinds of films

[charred hearth]

funfact, horner tried getting maiasaurus into every single jurassic park film AND the first jurassic world film

[ancient crystal]

Poor guy

[fossil ingot]

The Designs aren't meant to be accurate for current standards, so I see no issue

[frosty cedar]

Yeah, but like at least show some more herbivores. Better opportunities to sell toys! Especially if it has an interesting design. Like hybrids in this movie served no purpose and were not relevant. Make a herbivore sequence. And also, I get the point about Jurassic Park, but I at least can tell which dinosaur/creature is which for little screen time they have. This isn't supposed to be Skull Island where everything is wildly different.

[charred hearth]

he is not a poor guy, he married a 19 yr old STUDENT of his when he was 56

[runic rover]

"Dinosaurs cooperating with Mosasaurus", calling dinosaurs "unintelligent", saying dinosaurs could "only live in tropical jungles" are clear sign of "we don't need a paleontologist guys, we can just make up wrong stuffs!"

[frosty cedar]

Nah, Keopp just wrote it like this, no AI.

[fossil ingot]

Just cause the Design or more "retro" or fit the Style the Universe has presented doesn't make it bad
A "Good" Design is not just based on "accuracy"

[ancient crystal]

I think I've made my derision of horner clear enough through my time in this chat for that to be understood as sarcasm

[charred hearth]

oh sorry

[ancient crystal]

Yeah these films are not trying to reflect reality, in fact I'd say that's close to the bottom of their list of priorities

[fossil ingot]

I mean.
Its a Fictional Universe where Giga and Rex Lived Together
That Alone Shows you is not meant to be Paleo Accurate, Rebirth did a quite the things Wrong
But not really with the designs

[tough parcel]

These are surface-level problems that are being attributed to the wrong sources

[frosty cedar]

Exactly. But I still think Rebirth Quetz's head looks weird for a Quetz. If it was other pterosaur it would be fine. They alreay had great Quetz design. I know we don't have the skull, but still.

[fossil ingot]

Ember my Beloved will always remain my Fav Rex Design by Far

[ancient crystal]

I think rebirths single greatest mistake was redesigning quetz

[tough parcel]

His name is MOOSE

[frosty cedar]

Still upset he couldn't puncture rubber raft tho 💀. Other than that, yeah he is peak.

[fossil ingot]

Is not even a Redesign LOL

The Quetz in Dominion was made by Byosin who had mainly accurate In universe Animals
While Rebirth Quetz was made by Ingen on an Island Running Tests

That the Museum represents Rebirth's quetz is just a Mistake or likely had a different meaning

[frosty cedar]

That the Museum represents Rebirth's quetz is just a Mistake or likely had a different meaning
It was a mistake, I doubt they even thought about that.

[restive crag]

Iirc it wasn’t originally meant to be a quetz but another azdarchid

[fossil ingot]

And other than the Skull, Rebirth Quetz isn't even that bad

[ancient crystal]

They should've called it hategopteryx ngl

[fossil ingot]

Basically Big Quetz Situation
Bro has no head

[frosty cedar]

"Dinosaurs cooperating with Mosasaurus", calling dinosaurs "unintelligent", saying dinosaurs could "only live in tropical jungles"
I was sitting there like:
Are you for real guys? I felt kind of disrespected actually lmfao.

[runic rover]

To me aside from the Rex and Mosa, every other design on rebirth was just proof Gareth shouldn't be left unsupervised close to Jurassic material.

And no. Whatever that pug-necked spinosaurus looks like for sure "accurate" isn't in the list.

[fossil ingot]

Tbh I don't think the Spino's Having a Symbiotic I think its called relationship with the St Hubert's Mosa is so bad given the Spino's in promotional Material are said to be rather Smart and the JW Mosa has Canonically Hunted with Orca's so Lol

[fossil ingot]

I like the Design
It has grown on Me

[ancient crystal]

The new spino is literally better than the old version, no don't argue with me, I cannot be convinced otherwise

[frosty cedar]

Yeah, there is some variation in spinos, but the neck is horrible.
Quetz is still cool, just not as Quetz, even with lore reasons of Biosin and InGen mentioned here earlier. But the rest is..... yeah. Titanosaurus is actually kaiju sized.

[balmy oyster]

New one fat

[bright veldt]

I do think the mosa was one of the best parts of Rebirth, both in design and behaviorally

[frosty cedar]

But you see, they are still stupid and unintelligent.

[fossil ingot]

I prefer JP3's Design but I equally love this guys

[bright veldt]

It actually gets spooked when the ship it was investigating started chasing it, and THAT is when it returned with the spinos for backup.

[fossil ingot]

Titano is Honestly not that Big when Ignoring the Inconsistant CGI

[runic rover]

The quetzal thing is that if they didn't add that cartoonish hook on its beak it would be FINE!!! Not perfect, still fine! Just one little detail gone and it gets decent!

But no... Gareth had to go monsterverse

[tough parcel]

I feel like there's obviously problems w/ Rebirth (it's still the best JW film imo) but there's a lot of nothing being said here ngl 😭

[ancient crystal]

I've seen people call mosa "too whale-like" and I don't understand, like it's a deliberate design choice that honestly is such a refresher too the over-crocodilified JW mosa

[frosty cedar]

D-Rex is Kong bro, Rebirth is a monsterverse movie, it doesn't feel like the previous 6 at all, at least to me.

[bright veldt]

I’m confused as to what that even means in this context.

[ancient crystal]

They didn't like the belly (which is the only whale-esque feature btw) and acted like the ONE scene its visible ruins the mosa

[frosty cedar]

People were surprised rex could swim, general audience for the most part is severely behind in their dinosaur knowledge, it's fine.

[hallow spear]

this chat is something that should never be released into the world

[fossil ingot]

JWR Mosa my beloved

[runic rover]

To quote the first book "of course it can swim! Every reptile can swim!" (For some reasons I thought they couldn't when I was a kid, I blame Land Before Time for it)

[ancient crystal]

They can't swim cuz they're all dead

[frosty cedar]

Well, some people think that even elephants can't swim. They are just not as invested in animal behavior.

[fossil ingot]

Titano is sometimes Kaiju sized cause Average Gareth Edwards moment

[frosty cedar]

Again, this is not JP or JW, it's Kong Skull Island bootleg version (with D-Rex as Kong).
D-Rex is also as big as the plot need it to be.

[runic rover]

Well... Depending on WHICH titanosaur we talking about.

Tho I'd argue they could have gone with Argent but caught wind that "Ark's largest dinosaur was Titanosaur"

[fossil ingot]

Real

[tough parcel]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1336370909337882634/1403080151780163636/drex_snickers.gif

[fossil ingot]

Yeah
Average Gareth Edwards and JP Moment

[frosty cedar]

Holy moly bruh💀💀💀💀💀💀.

[ancient crystal]

Gareth edwards isn't exactly a director you should expect consisten scaling from

And it really isn't a problem

[frosty cedar]

I could be wrong obviously, but I don't remember anything in JP and JW having this egregious scaling, except mosa, clearly.

[runic rover]

Finally one thing I can agree with this chat about

[outer tusk]

I know it's not the case but I wanna blindly believe it's actually meant to be Wellnhopterus

[fossil ingot]

Nah I like my boi

[frosty cedar]

They serve 0 purpose in the movie, like, at all, but for hybrids the designs are fine. I'm just fuming at their inclusion and them also being wasted at the same time. This movie bro.....

[fossil ingot]

Meh I like D-Rex and have seen ppl like it as well
But it is a indeed a Design that divided ppl

[balmy oyster]

Tapwing solos monster design

[frosty cedar]

Like I said above, it's a fine design for a hybrid antagonist. Too bad it's not relevant, appears only at the end and has no sauce at all.

[outer tusk]

Tapwing has to be Fred 2 because they never fricking miss 😭

[frosty cedar]

It's cool.
I would've liked it to be ugly. Like, real genetic abomination ugly. I've seen people suggest having eyes inside the mouth, like a frog mutation. That would've been very cool. With competent sequence, of course.

[ancient crystal]

Ngl, I liked D-rex more than indom

It feels very alien and I fw that brand of horror so much even if the Jurassic films haven't ever really approached the horror genre overall

[runic rover]

It was supposed to be a "failed hybrid" based on cases of real life mutations, except it looks nothing like a dinosaur OR a malformed mutated animal, it looks ON PURPOSE made to look like an alien/orga/rancor/Cloverfield/quiet place/future predator... Because "the monsterverse guy" wants to "I was here" in the wrong movie.

Well... At least it was wasted in a movie that was written by Koepp using Chatgpt (yes I stay by that theory) and not on something that could have been ruined.

[fossil ingot]

I mean
The Skull is that of a Rex, you can see it alot better after taking whatever is on its head

[fossil ingot]

I like D-Rex Alot cause its just a Animal that Lives and Hunts like a Normal One but does seemingly have dislike to humans(like JP3)
I liked Mutadons alot too

[frosty cedar]

it looks ON PURPOSE made to look like an alien/orga/rancor/Cloverfield/quiet place/future predator
Exactly. Koepp also said D-Rex is a hybrid of Rex and Titanosaurus. I can see that, but eeeeeeeeeh.... Just like mutadons, Raptor + Pteranodon, but really it's just a dragon.

[outer tusk]

Sirblame made a good rough sketch of it

[fossil ingot]

Leave my Goat out of this

[frosty cedar]

Also, if this island is supposed to be full of mutant freaks, at least compensate the retconning of the previous movie and go full out with this concept.

[fossil ingot]

You can easily recognize a JP T-Rex Style Skull in there as well

[frosty cedar]

D-Rex and Mutadons are fine, not the biggest fan of the designs, but I wish they would just stop pretending, call them hybrids and make them actually relevant to the story (we need their blood).

[fossil ingot]

Mutadon is called a Hybrid some times
Mutant's are just Hybrids gone wrong

[frosty cedar]

Universal had insanely inconsistent marketing for this movie.

[fossil ingot]

This Description is from Prime iirc

[frosty cedar]

Oh. But still, like in general, I feel like the marketing was dogwater.

[fossil ingot]

It waz weird

[frosty cedar]

Dominion which literally had the og 3 cast had much less glazing of the og JP than Rebirth has by a mile.

[runic heart]

It was designed as a thanotosdrakon, but was changed to quetz for namesake. I have a hunch that the same goes for spino, was probably meant to be oxalaia or somethin.

[fossil ingot]

Nah Spino was always meant to be Spino

[outer tusk]

I am aware it was designed to be Thanotosdrakon even though that animal has no real unqiue triats for such a design

[frosty cedar]

Dilophosaurus was also meant to be juvenile rex.

[outer tusk]

it wasn't

[winter marsh]

why aint we adressing the fact that both stego and pteranodon are humongous

[fossil ingot]

Perspective

[winter marsh]

it aint perspective, stego is 5m tall and rex is 4.6, literally says there, while pteranodon is double the size of mutadon

[fossil ingot]

Ember is 4.6m using a Posture from Concept Arts

[winter marsh]

so the height doesnt match the image? Cuz for me she seems very reared up

[fossil ingot]

4.6m in the Original Size Chart uses the Render of Concept Arts

[winter marsh]

so its supposed to be a little taller when reared up

[full lagoon]

I think it was a huge missed opportunity to do something actually unique with the creature. It's just a generic "villain" that doesn't do anything.

[full lagoon]

For example, the D-rex was supposedly something to feel bad for according to some of the people behind the movie. I think going all out on something like that would have made it way more interesting and less generic in the film.

Make the creature a compelling, ethical dilemma that can truly tie into the rest of the movie instead of having a random last-minute appearance.

If it actually had an interesting, relevant and consistent storyline it could have been such a good entry.

[outer tusk]

true like an actual mutant

[full lagoon]

For sure, the design and behavior could have been done better.

[warped peak]

Is Paleontology being used to discuss JP again despite it being explicitly against the rules

[runic heart]

New cryo skull proposal

[ionic crescent]

hmm, feels shorter than usual no?

[drifting condor]

Why does tierzoo see herbivorous dinosaurs as weaklings is there evidence?

[steady hollow]

guys my friend is stuck on a rock? is there a command to report a specific location on console?

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/principal-skinner-yes-seymour-skinner-the-simpsons-enthusiastic-yes-gif-15806751

[balmy oyster]

Because it’s based on his personal thoughts & not actually any research or papers.

[ashen wedge]

https://tenor.com/view/dinosaur-revolution-evolution's-winners-cryolophosaurus-neotheropods-theropods-gif-8938630672283636316

[ancient crystal]

He's also likening life to videogames, where herbivores are typically viewed as weaker than carnivores so there's that

[full lagoon]

Ranking animals as video game characters is objectively biased to begin with

[charred hearth]

can we add sea lions as animals that have evidence for having empathy?

[open compass]

It wasn't meant to be a villain, it's a victim

[ashen wedge]

Elvis has entered the building

[balmy oyster]

A lot of animals are capable of empathy

[runic rover]

The only victim I see in rebirth is the franchise

[runic heart]

Actually wait, this is their dimetrodon.

[frosty cedar]

Lol true.

[frosty cedar]

Whose dimetrodon?

[ionic crescent]

Surviving Earth

[frosty cedar]

Yeah, that's what I thought.

[runic heart]

Hmm, that second strike at the ground, is it possible for the right leg to straighten that much?

[runic heart]

I’m already a little concerned for this though, dimetrodon isn’t supposed to have scales, or at least these kinds of scales.

Hope it doesn’t drag its tail either, cause it’s resting on the ground in the clip.

[ionic crescent]

What do you mean by "isn't supposed to have scales"?

[runic heart]

Well, “isn’t supposed to” is exaggerating I guess. It’s less likely, considering it’s a transitional between reptiles and mammals.

[ionic crescent]

No, is not less likely or anything, they had completely scaly bodies lol

[runic heart]

I believe there’s only evidence of stomach scales so far.

[ionic crescent]

Stomach, tail, torso, arms and legs

A paper released recently about that

[runic heart]

Oh really? Alrighty then.

[ionic crescent]

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(25)00574-3

[runic heart]

Well I guess the only thing now would be the tail dragging, which might just be because it’s stationary in the clip.

[ionic crescent]

Considering how low to the floor they were, I don't see far-fetched tail dragging

[runic heart]

Seeing as this paper came out this year, I’d assume that Surviving Earth is using some unreleased information.

[ionic crescent]

I honestly don't know, cause the Dimetrodon OG concept lacked scales

However there's multiple basal Amniota with scales impressed, so logically going with scales would've been the logic choice even if they had no access to that document

[runic heart]

Actually it had them.

[ionic crescent]

Belly alone tho, everything else was smooth

[runic heart]

You’re right, there’s a note that says dorsally lacking scales.

[unborn spade]

Hey does anyone have a good adcrocuta skeletal i can use?

[ionic crescent]

According my experience with the animal (I just googled the name, I didn't know it existed ), just use pachycrocuta skeletal and replace head

[unborn spade]

Ok thanks

[unborn spade]

Ty i just need a lower jaw

[warped peak]

It appears to be the closest or second closest relative of Crocuta itself, so I'd recommend using a Spotted Hyena skeletal as basis

A couple of the images feature a mandible luckily

https://x.com/MAntonPaleoart/status/1755667915607564790 is a good overview by an expert

Mauricio Anton (@MAntonPaleoart)

Meet Adcrocuta, dominant hyaenid of the late Miocene! While researching hyena anatomy for my artwork in the March issue of Nat Geo (preview via link below), I noticed features which Adcrocuta most likely shared with living species, and made these sketches. https://t.co/Q5VrGPkrBd

X · Feb 8, 2024, 7:00 PM

[unborn spade]

Ty,im going to make a template like reconstruction so this helps a lot.Appreciate it

[wind prairie]

I thought we found evidence recently they were scaly

[hardy sentinel]

Wtf dude he's literally me

[tough parcel]

Considering Mr. Dimetrodon himself has confirmed it's fine, I would say it's fine

Minus a few nitpicks apparently but those aren't harmful

[last adder]

Whole show looks very promising to me honestly, you can see the amount of care and time they've been putting into it in just about every aspect.

[spice latch]

https://tenor.com/view/he-just-like-me-fr-gif-25075803

[winter marsh]

I just wrote an essay on fricking Prehistoric Planet: Ice Age

[spice latch]

Share :D

[winter marsh]

Cant

[spice latch]

Alr

[winter marsh]

I already submitted, so its no with me rn, and I write in cursive which means half the people wont even understand

[spice latch]

Ohhh ok xD

[astral spindle]

@fossil ingot which size for Giga is more reliable? 8.3-8.4 tons or 9.3-9.7 tons?

[proven dagger]

The dentary

[lofty creek]

which individual bro?

u have to tell us which individual first

[proven dagger]

The dentary specimen

[lofty creek]

dung material
meaningless and not quite possible to give a exactly size estimation

[undone rapids]

The holotype Giga is around 8 - 8.5 tonnes, Dentary was probably of similar size though we won't ever really know for sure

It does help us know that the holotype giga was probably a pretty normal sized individual for its species and not some rare individual

Maybe in a 100 years, we'll find its own "Sue"-like extremely large specimen. Or maybe that'll be Meraxes considering we've already found 2 of them

[sudden wind]

Or we will never find one

[brave nova]

Neither really. Gdi for it gave 7.8t. U can’t really assume the dentary specimen is any bigger than the holotype aswell so it’s best to say they are around the same size so giga is ~8t

[astral spindle]

Random said appearently the Holotype was estimated 7.83 tons and that Dan believes the dentary to be 6.6% larger which would get 9400-9700 kg.

[undone rapids]

It was a Volumetric model, not a GDI

[brave nova]

Ah mb. Thats even better than

[brave nova]

The scan team don’t think it’s bigger than the holotype. The last I saw Dan mention the dentary specimen he used the supposed 2.2% bigger if anything

[undone rapids]

Kinda, there's more room for subjectivity there iirc

[astral spindle]

That's 8400 kg at best.

[brave nova]

Unlikely dentary is even bigger at all

[brave nova]

Ah, I thought scans were overall better for size estimates than gdis?

[astral spindle]

Yeah I doubt the 6.6% now ngl.

[undone rapids]

Its hard to say, the 6.6% figure was due to it preserving more teeth alveolis iirc

[undone rapids]

Volumetric is just making a Model in blender or such, scaling it to the appropriate size and getting the volume of the model to estimate its mass from(for theropods it was with 0.97 density). You don't need a scan for that, nor is there any scan of Giganotosaurus material in public.

[runic heart]

Yeah, I guess I had forgotten about that. Also, the scales were a very last minute change apparently, cause the concept art was smooth skinned.

[stiff osprey]

idk whether to be happy people are starting to see partial dentary scaling is unreliable or sad about the surge of people pretending dentary giga is smaller than the holotype based on a poorly scaled image of the dentaries

[runic heart]

This is shaping up to be a pretty up-to-date documentary. Hopefully it’ll hold up for a while, for the same reason the new Wwd probably will…

[outer tusk]

why not both

[peak jetty]

There's room for both.

[true juniper]

Is it true that tyrannosaurus channeled the stress of it's biteforce from it's maxilla to the nasals then to the frontals (I think) while tarbosaurus handled the stress of its biteforce to the maxilla straight to the Frontals?

[spice latch]

Did dreadnoughtus hold its neck up or down

[runic heart]

Sauropods all held their necks “diagonally”.

[spice latch]

So was it picture 1 or picture 2 -.-

[compact leaf]

picture 2, more upright

[spice latch]

Thanks

[charred hearth]

which one is holding its next diagonally

[compact leaf]

of course

[spice latch]

Both ._.

[charred hearth]

ones horizontal...

[spice latch]

AT A SLIGHT ANGLE

https://tenor.com/view/stan-twitter-peter-griffin-family-guy-peter-griffin-crazy-peter-griffin-feral-gif-16561819022329521903

[outer tusk]

up

[spice latch]

I found references for both so I wasnt sure, ty

[outer tusk]

the first reference is just ASS even for it's time

[runic heart]

Is there anything going against the idea of sauropods having gelatinous foreheads, or nah?

[compact leaf]

what do you mean gelatinous??

like a melon? absolutely not

[distant mauve]

Was going to say is that what you meant?

[tough parcel]

I suspect they mean something like JW:R's Titanosaurus or WWD'25 sauropod whose name escapes me rn

[compact leaf]

maybe some extra soft tissue but I wouldn’t assume anywhere near enough to where gelatinous could be used to describe it

[runic heart]

Of course not, I was being funny.

Still though, I do wonder how plausible a fleshy forehead would have been, obviously not to the extreme of the jw Titanosaur.

[outer tusk]

yk what I say to this I anti-laughed

[runic heart]

Like, this extent seems good for a Titanosaur, but I wonder if the brachiosaurs would be larger due to having more room.

[fluid inlet]

Guess I need to start drawing lips on sauropods instead of like a beak

[runic heart]

Beak…. On a sauropod..?

[fluid inlet]

Was being “creative “ lol

[runic heart]

I guess. Honestly, my biggest paleo-peeve is how speculative most art is. Too much “could be” and not enough “should be”.

[fluid inlet]

More like edmonto https://static.independent.co.uk/2025/10/28/17/21/An-artists-impression-shows-the-duck-billed-dinosaur-Edmontosaurus-kv3k6ys8.jpeg

[tough parcel]

It's plausible and actually preserved so

[runic heart]

Really? Which species.

[tough parcel]

Camarasaurus iirc

[runic heart]

Yeah that’s what I’m reading. Apparently it’s also plausible in diplodocus, brachiosaurus, and apatosaurus.

Kinda makes sense that they would have evolved beaks. Still hard to picture a beaked sauropod..

Though, wouldnt something that big have been incorporated into prehistoric planet?

[compact leaf]

it’s still iffy, could just be extremely robust gum tissue or a very robust/keratinized lip

[full lagoon]

It probably wouldn't have really looked like a beak at all, like what cuttlefish is saying, potentially to the point of not really being noticeable visually.

[drowsy spade]

So is the deinosuchus size nerf still under speculation or will I never see my giant crocodilian again 🙁

[elfin leaf]

Bro it's still like 5 times as heavy as the biggest ever seen/measured crocodile of today

A record sized specimen of deino might have been as big as you picture it to be

[drowsy spade]

No like I mean was it similar size as it was before I’m not good with reconstruction and analyze of it but for a head as large as that and huge jaws for any animal especially crocodilians wouldn’t it need a large neck and connects to a huge body?

[tough parcel]

Considering that it was done from the scan of one specimen, no

Unless dinosaurs were practicing Frankenstein

[charred hearth]

how accurate is PoTs amarga

[bright veldt]

Perfectly fine.

[winter marsh]

too fodder, should have a flamethrower and the ability to seismic toss rexes

[runic heart]

That makes more sense

[fluid inlet]

anyone got a good austroraptor skeletal

[hallow spear]

It is not?
POTs amarga general body is fine but the neck “spikes” are not spikes it should be reconstructed as a dual fleshy structure
I think it is this paper https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Osteohistology-of-the-hyperelongate-hemispinous-of-Cerda-Novas/cebad23375ba2aa1e5e41f9552035532c2dadb4e

[nocturne cairn]

the default sub has the fleshy structure on the neck

[junior dawn]

pretty sure itd be a single "hump" rather than 2 fleshy structures

the spines are very close together and there was other stuff im forgetting about rn

[full lagoon]

The game provides several variants to allow play as what is thought to be most realistic

[outer tusk]

So Sergi did you stop making skeletals completely, if you don't mind me asking

[hallow spear]

Yes but specifically that one was shown so why would I assume that he’s referring to others?

[outer tusk]

yes but it's never the default like with their "Pycnonemo" where the Carnotaurus is the default species rather than a sub

[hallow spear]

Nope because it has no diverticuli apparently

[junior dawn]

i make basic ones that i dont post to help me with stuff, but basically yeah. Its fun but I got other stuff to do, and other people like random are way better than me at it anyways. I only did it for fun a few times to make refs i needed

[outer tusk]

That's fair I did/do still love your Meraxes skeletal and your Hatz

[hallow spear]

Wait mb I may have misunderstood it lol, you are likely right
The 2022 Amargasaurus paper specifically disputed this and concluded there was no such diverticulum

[junior dawn]

my most recent one is a Pelecanimimus. Ive posted it somewhere, unfinished

its quite good but i dont think i'll finish it

[full lagoon]

That's fair, though personally I don't really see how the sail is that practical unless it was unusually hot or something. Do any reasonable theories exist?

[compact leaf]

the arrangement could use some work too

[junior dawn]

ye thats what i meant, makes sense

[full lagoon]

My favorite thing about the pot amarga is the front legs, it has slight keratin around where the toes would be, and it's a nice balance between the bare front limbs and the absolutely elephantine ones.

[charred hearth]

would amarga have a psuedo beak?