paleontology

[steady rock]

i dont see why the frontier original designs can be referenceable when their pretty decent

[stray saddle]

Because we are playing a game about it🤣

[misty briar]

LMAo

[opaque kayak]

🗣️ 🔥

[ashen wedge]

Allow me to present the Allosaurus nut shot from the Stegosaurus thaggomizer

[jagged trellis]

(while ignoring animal basics to push a argument)

[white matrix]

the endless amount of paleoart to choose from and you'd rather pick the series known for inaccurate dinosaurs?

[ashen wedge]

Don’t know, but am bored and want to debate this

[steady rock]

well one has a 3d model that you can port and use for refrences like poses so yeah

[opaque kayak]

Huincul Formation size comparison by Randomdinos

[stray saddle]

I'm not the one ignoring animals basics when you are the one saying that Stegos were almost like Ceratopsians🙄

@ashen wedge yes. Difficult to give a nutshot to an Allo when your body can't even sprint lol

[white matrix]

well from what I've seen nothing they have is accurate except for maybe the utahraptor

[ancient crystal]

Brand consistency is important for any franchise. I don't know why people act like these very typical of the brand designs are bad.

They're not, they're just mostly innacurate/outdated by design.

[white matrix]

no one said they're bad, they just shouldn't be used as references for the actual dinosaurs

[jagged trellis]

slow heavyset animals with a hyper specializing in defensive spikes and plating, one shielding and the other more fencing off, who lived with mega theropods in NA would be comparable lmao

[remote shadow]

“Velociraptor” without feathers has entered the chat

[stray saddle]

His plates were not defensive. Search it for yourself ehem. And you also lacked to say he had the brain size of a kitten, a small cute kitten lol

[steady rock]

y'all literally arguing with someone called jesus

[stray saddle]

Allo did have hunting capabilities and was going for neck, rather than tails

[jagged trellis]

and plating, they weren't namely for it yes( also brain size does not equal intelligence you know right, let alone intelligence being a undeterminable thing)

[stray saddle]

They don't learn right? Lool

Hehe I kidding

[ashen wedge]

Guess what happened, it occurred and the Allosaurus died

[stray saddle]

Sure. The most successful predator of the Jurassic couldn't kill a slow moving animal. No Stegos died to Allos🤭

[native kindle]

this whole "debate" if you can even call it that is like forcing a wolf to hunt like a tiger and wondering why its not doing well

"no stegos died to allos" ok cool so this is just about animal vs. animal and not about how an ecosystem works. yeah sounds about right

[lavish current]

Bros defending stegosaurus like he’s one of em

[native kindle]

god how i wish they'd do something about the people who come in here and ignore anything scientific to just talk about ooooo my favorite beats your favorite oooo

[candid ledge]

Please be polite and respectful to other members. If civil discussions cannot be had, we will be handing out mutes. Refer to our #rules.

[steady rock]

was any of rex's usually prey faster then it or was it just edmonto?

[stray saddle]

No, I was being sarcastic😂

@native kindle then you don't need to worry about me no worries. I literally just passed pictures of real triceratops at the beginning

[lavish current]

I would imagine they were faster than trikes, could be wrong tho

[stray saddle]

From what I heard, Rex could be a lil faster than trikes , but he def didn't have good stamina. Neither did trike. But Rex was just taller and 1 step was more meters than 1 step of trike.

They both were just ridiculously sized lol

[balmy oyster]

Erm achtually, what you posted was a specimen of “torosaurus” named “Adam” from southern laramidia 🤓

[scenic flame]

Tyrannosaurus had great stamina, there's a few papers on that

[undone rapids]

Don't think even edmontos were faster, probably better at long distance walking though

[stray saddle]

Lol very true. That's right 😊 . However. Torosaurus still a prey of Rex so that's what I'm saying

But yes, thank you for the correction, I mean it

[undone rapids]

It would be nice to see Torosaurus and Denversaurus in more media

[steady rock]

denversaurus is still in anky's basement

[stray saddle]

Actually, were there any big differences between Trikes and Torosaurus? They both were very alike. There specimens from both size of similar caliber

I always thought Triceratops was a big, just a bit bit bigger.

However, the Torosaurus in the pic is a monster

[balmy oyster]

Torosaurus has a far larger frill, with either a pointier nasal horn or something similar to pachyrhinosaurus with a boss

[stray saddle]

True... and Trike was heavier and more muscular overall, right?

[balmy oyster]

Tbh Adam doesn’t really seem that big, it’s just got a really big skull (though still quite large)

[steady rock]

whos more of a bobblehead toro or eo?

[hardy sentinel]

"doesn't really seem that big" and his entire body (excluding the skull) dwarfs an elephant

[stray saddle]

I mean, well, for me he's crazy big, imagine you are Rex and you are about to fight and that dude gets on 2 legs and start doing broadcast calls

[balmy oyster]

We don’t know about muscular but we do know that it could’ve definitely gotten larger than torosaurus

[steady rock]

could ceratopsians even rear up on two legs?

[undone rapids]

Probably yeah

[balmy oyster]

Perspective + the mount is reared up, an elephant would probably be about the same size

[crystal dock]

They would've walked bipedal

[hardy sentinel]

I know

[stray saddle]

For a little bit yes,

[hardy sentinel]

Nah they were more bipedal than Hadrosaurs, trust

[balmy oyster]

Rolled around like a cartoon armadillo

[crystal dock]

Red Enemy Theri

[stray saddle]

But just like portrayed in the museum. Maybe get up to scream and then back to the floor

[scenic flame]

the only notable differences are in the skull, I don't think one was more muscular than the other, and tmk both have pretty big specimens

[undone rapids]

Ceratopsian Post-Cranial Skeletons aren't described very well iirc, so there might be more differences we dunno about

[balmy oyster]

Maybe when Adam gets described in the year 2057

[undone rapids]

Yes and that will only be the skull description.

[balmy oyster]

Getting Pete III treatment

[stray saddle]

By the way, talking about T Rex preys , the fact or T Rexs getting killed or injured by Ankylos shows how crazy they were lol

[undone rapids]

Elvis might be getting that treatment too

[stray saddle]

Rex could also hunt Quetzals, also curious

[steady rock]

??

[balmy oyster]

did you mean Rex?

[fluid inlet]

His azzz is around the same area Willard azz was on a human to human comparison , he is without a doubt massive.

[stray saddle]

Yes 😂 🤣 😂 🤣 thank you again man

[stray saddle]

Imagine what a Rex could do to a Stego if its natural contemporary foe was torosaurus

[hardy sentinel]

Yo @fluid inlet you should make your pfp a Torosaurus for rage bait purposes

[still hamlet]

I don't know how this "debate" started, but can we all agree that the Stegosaurus from The Isle needs to be nerfed?

There's no reason that it needs to take three Deinosuchus to fight a Stegosaurus and the Stegosaurus hardly losing health

[stiff osprey]

Just make Deinosuchus one shot Stego if it bites the head or neck, ez

[still hamlet]

That's the thing, it doesn't work

[stray saddle]

When did I say otherwise for you to say that

[ashen wedge]

You implied it and inferred it, so I used force counteract force

[jagged trellis]

i believe there is a specimen of a stegosaurus plate with allosaurus bite marks on it but yeah on success ratios doubt its gonna be favoring allo seeing....any large land predator apart from like 4 of em

[sullen cairn]

heartbreaking - fishy is so rotted from pachytorosaurus he considers variable nasal morphology more diagnostic than the things parietal fenestrae

[stray saddle]

You can't see the success because they usually ended in Allosaurus belly.

I don't think it never ever happened in the whole world a prey having a bigger success rate than a predator lol. Give me just one example

[jagged trellis]

thats...thats literally how prey animals live, by having vastly higher survival rates in a encounter, fight, flight,( most of the time detection and deflection) literally any mid sized complex organism rn

[ashen wedge]

This is how predator prey relationships work, most hunts end in failure

[stray saddle]

Mm, I just fail to see how a slow dino with a tail as defence could outmaneuver a way faster dinosaur ready to bleed him out, honestly

If you put Stegos 600 speed in PoT we Will see how players can defend against Allos.

I know it's a weird example lol. And real life is way different, but you get more or less what I mean

[jagged trellis]

the ability to turn is how( let alone said normal cases of just...spotting it and calling it out and not having much risk from a hunt)

[jagged trellis]

stego rn for the game niche wise is just off is the thing, it'd need alot of rebalancing seeing being frail and fast for what it is, that and ingame allo is a stat wall

[fluid inlet]

The higher ups won’t allow that.

[remote shadow]

Out of curiosity: Where's the line between intraspecies variation and new species when dealing with Fossils?

[tough parcel]

Yes

[outer tusk]

yes

[fluid inlet]

Yes

https://x.com/deform2022/status/1948733663144824853?s=46 holy shaaat

Deform 2025 (@Deform2022)

#FossilFriday MOZ-Pv 1221, the other Candeleros monster. A series of caudal vertebrae, coracoid, and ischia were found from the mid-Cretaceous Candeleros formation of Argentina. Like MUCPv-251, it's also likely an #Argentinosaurus-sized animal. But here it's much more complete.

X · Jul 25, 2025, 1:14 PM

[balmy oyster]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/881795453472096258/1328597154616446976/ezgif-7-dfcadfbc5c.gif

[white matrix]

https://www.instagram.com/reel/DMgdj4mts6r/?igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

cool_dinosaur_stuff

Scientifically proven 👍

Stuck to the basics for this one

Likes

28060

Instagram

[white matrix]

yes

[steady rock]

still amazed this thing existed

[balmy oyster]

Baby maraapunisaurus 🔥

[steady rock]

dicreosaurid maraapunisaurus...

[steady rock]

whats the more accurate sizing?

[balmy oyster]

Skeletal you posted, idk why cisio made it so big here

[steady rock]

also, y'alls opinions on the patagotitan of jwe3?

some said it was good and someone said it trash, i need more opinions

[balmy oyster]

It’s…fine, especially when compared to other sauropods

[steady rock]

is what he said true?

[lavish frigate]

Looks good to me….

But what do the feet look like…

[midnight wraith]

I think they usually go off of frequency of said changes. Take Pachyrhinosaurus for example, it has 3 species with moderate differences. Prerotorum has a much more bulbous head and very minute spikes going up from the head to top of the frill. Canadensis still had a more rounded skull shape but no spikes running up to the frill top, and Lakustai looks more like Achelousaurus with a flatter boss and the 3 defined spikes just behind the brows and up the frill. It was debated whether they were different species or just variations but later time differences and frequency of each “template” aka each species we have defined now lead to them being 3 seperately species. Obviously it can still be debated as we can never know 100%, and Styracosaurus is just a headache. It has so much variation under 1 recognized species and many others being now junior/dubious genus names, like Rubeosaurus, Stellasaurus and Styracosaurus Ovatus. It’s all about frequency to conclude whether it was its own thing or just singular variation.

[remote shadow]

Thank you for the response, I knew it wasn’t going to be an easy answer.

[midnight wraith]

I like talking about the variation/species argument, so you found the right guy 🤣 still I did miss a few things but it’s my best example right now

[tough parcel]

It's actually based on the person describing it and whether or not they feel like it's good enough

[remote shadow]

So typical biologist behavior

[midnight wraith]

Yup, in the famous words of a certain YouTuber, “If there’s one thing scientists love more than anything, it’s clout.”

[remote shadow]

It is the reason many people go into the scientific field after all. Might as well go for clout, seeing as scientists don’t get paid

[midnight wraith]

That’s true, but commissions from museums and institutions can help, like the Chicago Field museum. I donated there once, and there’s a log of donors and what was given.

[remote shadow]

Hoping to get there soon myself. It’s just far enough away to be a pain to day trip

[midnight wraith]

The upstairs is strictly prehistoric and earth sciences. I won’t spoil much but there’s a looong exhibit of the entire earths history.

[gentle vessel]

i think its pretty good design. Though i do think that the nasal bump that it has is a bit too much. Frontier could have easily had the female not have the nasal bump and only kept it for the males, still a decent design tbf.

[remote shadow]

💀 excessive censorship is excessive.

As for intraspecies variation, it’s a bit mind-boggling that we are describing things as different species given small differences in skull morphology. Meanwhile our species has pretty “wide” variation between skull shapes as an example

Was told to make the trip to the field museum a multi day trip

[midnight wraith]

If you make it a multi day trip, think about visiting the Aquarium and planetarium if it interests you. All 3 buildings are in the same 1milex1mile area.

[white matrix]

ngl matt dempsey is a weird dude

[white matrix]

please stop telling znniug the jwe patagotitan is a good reference, it isn't...
you want some goods ones here

[fluid inlet]

Why?

[white matrix]

he's quirky, weird in a good way

[ancient crystal]

Its a good design, its not accurate. Those things aren't necessarily tied to each other.

[white matrix]

@ancient crystal they were asking if its paleoaccurate

[ancient crystal]

I didn't see that anywhere, maybe I'm too tired. But in that case, no, no it is not accurate.

[steady rock]

i never asked if it was plaeo accurate..

[white matrix]

you implied that when you asked if what I said about it was true

[steady rock]

yeah because if i wanted to know what you said was true

[white matrix]

is that not contradicting what you just said?

• arguing with me about jwe designs being accurate

[steady rock]

thou shall not put thy words into thou's mouth

[ancient crystal]

"You shall not put your words into your mouth"

[steady rock]

your using the word your wrong

[ancient crystal]

Doesn't thou translate only to your?

[fluid inlet]

You wanna take this outside ?

[steady rock]

i do

[fluid inlet]

@white matrix

[hardy sentinel]

how tf did this guy name every species of plant, bacteria, animal, and everything else in just 8 minutes

[balmy oyster]

Wikipedia

[hardy sentinel]

THEY GOT SPINOSAURUS PRETTY ACCURATE IN THE PRIMITIVE WAR TRAILER

https://youtu.be/v_unm5L1sj4?si=qSt_O1NPelkAb4bj

look at this fat beauty

for a low budget film it looks nice

[winter marsh]

I was gonna say its wrinkly but if the budget is that low then its pretty good ig

[hardy sentinel]

The film only has a 12 million dollar budget, but this is a beauty regardless

100% gonna go see the movie

[opaque kayak]

damn high tier beauty

[winter marsh]

dang, that is cheap

[hardy sentinel]

It also looks like they're gonna be fighting off either accurate Velociraptors or Deinonychus, can't really tell based on the scene

I should prolly read the book

[fluid inlet]

And the dinosaurs move much more better than the rocks 🪨 of wwd2

[stray saddle]

Jurassic World Dominion 2 is def a monster

[hardy sentinel]

The rex is a bit copy/paste but it has some beauty to it

INCLUDING LIPS BABY

[winter marsh]

you can pretty much base off the scene that those are either Deinonychus or Dromeosaurus. Velociraptor has a thinner skull

[fluid inlet]

Are you sure that’s Rex this looks like Rex and doesn’t have no spikes on this side of it’s head

[hardy sentinel]

Those are feathers, not spikes. I think it's just the angle here that makes it look different

[hardy sentinel]

I ain't expecting a lot of accuracy, they got a random hadrosaur herd of what I think are supposed to be edmontosaurus with exaggerated crests. My guess is that the smaller dromeosaurs are gonna be called Velociraptor but we'll all know deep down they are Deinonychus

Excited for the Utahraptors though

[winter marsh]

they have a sauropod that looks a LOT like JW apato. Also it seems that there are 2 different raptors. The tiny, more colorful ones that are wolf-sized and the Utahs that are brown

[fluid inlet]

Those def thorns or spikes or quills

[hardy sentinel]

I don't much like the sauropod or the Rex too much, but I love the two different raptors instead of just having Utahraptor

[winter marsh]

this is def JW apa, I hope they replace it in the final cut

rex is alright and everything else is peak but please no JW apato

[hardy sentinel]

Utahraptor looks pretty good though, size accurate too

[hardy sentinel]

So what would your guess on this dino being?

If they make it just dimorphism where one rex has spikes and the other doesn't I am genuinely going to crash out

[halcyon cobalt]

why

[winter marsh]

its called an angle

[compact leaf]

the main antagonists are utahraptor, but I would definitely recommend the first book it’s good (second book is trash)

[hardy sentinel]

Because spikes on two Rexes seems cooler than just one if they're going for a spiked Rex

@winter marsh doesn't look like the angle, the spikes would show, or the tiny feathers around the spikes would in some sense

[fluid inlet]

Two different Rexes I’m guessing

[winter marsh]

they are probably quills and are laid down kind of like how cockatoos lay their feather crest down

[hardy sentinel]

What are the tiny raptors if you know? They look kinda like they would be a little significant to get 3 different shots in the trailer

[compact leaf]

the littler ones are deinonychus iirc

[hardy sentinel]

Heck yeah

[winter marsh]

the vietnamese unleashed their rabid chicken

[hardy sentinel]

literally me

[fluid inlet]

Yeah def two different Rexes

[winter marsh]

oh then yep

[hardy sentinel]

upside is they got lips

Finally some Rexes that won't need to deal with tooth decay

[winter marsh]

and no broken wrists

[hardy sentinel]

I know these scene is gonna be so not hype in theaters, too high of a budget needed for a guy to fight off a pack of Dromeosaurs with a knife. My guess is a Rex is gonna come and bite him in half before the fight starts

This movie is gonna be so cheesey but i'm gonna love it

[fluid inlet]

I can’t contain my hype for this movie

I like the Rex that doesn’t have the Quills a lot more.

[jagged trellis]

honestly hope its good, looks nice so far

[ashen wedge]

This is going to be fun

[balmy oyster]

If this was Bollywood the guy would’ve done some sort of martial art and beat all the raptors up like scrat from the second ice age movie

[tough parcel]

Implying that won’t happen

[balmy oyster]

If it doesn’t I’m giving the movie one star

[lavish frigate]

Honestly kinda dig the feathered lipped JP style Rex, I’d rather have accuracy but the vibe is cool lol

[sharp dragon]

I do wonder if they'll keep the "Freaky-Freaky tongue" that the quetz has in some of the artwork of Primitive War, looks very nice regardless.

Disgusting, fowl, mangy, beast of the damned

[balmy oyster]

A single large stick to the tibia:

[steady rock]

what theoretically had a stronger lifting strength, deinocherius or suchomimus?

basically im asking who had stronger arms

[tall prawn]

@balmy oyster do you have the paper about the last thing abt the megaraptorids?

[white matrix]

deinocheirus would have more leverage with the way its hips are oriented

[severe yew]

is this finally showing now, bro ? 😮 🥹

[last adder]

I like how they are actually showing dinosaurs being shot- it's something very realistic that the jurassic franchise seems afraid to show nowadays.

[severe yew]

as long as it is more realistic than JP, where there is actually lots of people getting eaten, i am all in 👐 🔥

[severe yew]

exactly 💯

everyone is sick of unrealistic stuff

[fluid inlet]

not yet bro aug 22

[severe yew]

not gonna lie, i can't freakin wait 😅

i already got my 🍻 🍺 ready 😂

[hardy sentinel]

Best part is it's gonna be rated R so you know we're in for it

[stark roost]

Stego would still give Rex a run for its money if it doesn’t go for the head straight away

Also is there any way that Ugrunaalak is an actual genus?

[hardy sentinel]

Vro found Lucy the Australopithecus before GTA 6 💀

[stark roost]

Wait how do they know it’s female?

[hardy sentinel]

The hips iirc

You can tell the gender of apes (human and non human) based on the hip morphology when it comes to skeletons

yo @stark roost just wanna let you know that you have now sent me down a rabbit hole about Australopithecines. My night is now wasted in the pursuit of knowledge about our ancestors

[last adder]

Its nice to see someone here taking interest in extinct hominids.

[stark roost]

lol 😭

[hardy sentinel]

Extinct hominids always got my mind, my pfp is literally Ardipithecus with some crappy microsoft paint over it

[last adder]

Oh! I actually couldn't tell what exactly your pfp was from a distance, that's awesome.

[hardy sentinel]

my great something or another grand cousin

This reconstruction looks weird to me without the drawn on clothing. I've had this pfp for a few months now and this scares me

African Hominin timeline because i'm bored (wikipedia)

[last adder]

Ape.

[hardy sentinel]

look in the mirror buddy, you'll see another one

[last adder]

I think at least a partial reason for you finding it uncanny is how like- directly forwarding and symmetrical she's drawn?

[hardy sentinel]

no it's not uncanny, Its just that i've been exposed to my current pfp where she is all dressed up fancy like a rich person, and then I see the original paleoart I drew over and it looks weird

It's like seeing a person you've only seen with a beard without a beard

[last adder]

Oh! I get it! That makes sense.

[last adder]

Mhm! Sometimes I just say ape when looking at one- idk why exactly.

[hardy sentinel]

bruh why is the H. naledi page photo aura farming

[steady rock]

where did azdarchids punching come from?

[wind prairie]

just made my own sloppy paint pfp lol but I prob will only use it on steam

[drifting condor]

Just saw this on paleotok

[wheat folio]

Is there a accurate size chart for a bunch of sauropods similar to this?

[stray saddle]

It doesn't matter where Rex bites lol. He would crush everything..

[brave nova]

Acting as if stego also didn’t get to a comparable size to trikes, also acting as if stegos thagomizer doesn’t exist

[severe yew]

is that a joke?

rex would look at that and say "screw this chit" 💀

by the way, that is a toro, right?

[stray saddle]

That what you see in the pic was usual fight for T Rex. And yes, it's a toro

[severe yew]

freaking massive

what weight you think it was?

[brave nova]

8-10t

[severe yew]

https://tenor.com/view/holy-shit-shades-off-shocked-surprised-wtf-gif-15705262

[stray saddle]

He was between 6 and 7 tons

That's what the experts says about him hehe

T Rexes were usually between 9 or 10

[brave nova]

Rex is usually between 7-8, only 4 Rex’s above 10t well 3 Goliath ain’t described

Actually re looking 10t is a over estimate for it, it looks of a similar size to a 7t trike

[stray saddle]

There are indeed some Rex specimens that weighted 10 tons. More than 1.

The fact that we can find after ather 66 millions years it means they were not rare at all tbf

[brave nova]

I just said there were 3. But out of the Rex specimens we do have they are the minority, with the average for Rex being around 8t

[stray saddle]

Yep, that's right, but we don't get 10 tons trike for example is what I mean hehe

[brave nova]

We do have 10t trikes tho, iirc there’s also 3

On average trike and Rex seemed to get to a similar weight

[balmy oyster]

Even ignoring the two real big edmonto specimens, there were still some decently large specimens at around 8 - 10 tons too

[stray saddle]

Could I know names?

[balmy oyster]

Rex is “usually” around 7 - 8, 9 - 10 is more of an upper “average”

[stray saddle]

Oh yes, but just saying maybe they were more usual than expected. Or at least, not as unusual

[lofty creek]

anyone have access to this paper? I have no idea how to get the article

(btw I still feel like the snout they made is kinda shallow. They only make the braincase deep enough and the whole head looks like a strange narrow triangle. It would be much better if they make the premaxilla and maxilla taller for the adult)

[paper parcel]

https://tenor.com/view/cotylorhynchus-cotylorhynchus-walk-walking-cotylorhynchus-gif-27547597

Fun fact the largest herbivore during the permian was the cotylorhynchus, it's barrel shaped ribs and body helped it survive predation. It's name after its tiny head.

[winter marsh]

Blob of gluttony

[sharp dragon]

I hate that this thing was the size of a small hippo.

[stark roost]

True

[drifting condor]

Tarbosaurus weight?

[feral spire]

See because Megalainia had a crest on its skull would that mean it has a real strong bite force or is that exclusive to mammals?

[last adder]

1: I don't think at full skull is known from megalania, that's probably an estimation of it.

2: With the biting style and jaw mechanics of varanids, it wouldn't make sense if they had a bite that inflicted absurd amounts of force- rather their skulls would be good at withstanding strain from pulling motions.

3: Yes, the jaw muscle attachment points for reptiles and mammals vary drastically.

[brave nova]

5.4t basically just ~5t

[last adder]

However, none of these factors make their bites less lethal by any means. They would be terrifyingly effective at inflicting gashing wounds and cutting through flesh.

[frigid bloom]

Monitor lizards do have exceptionally strong bite forces compared to most other lizards (tegus even more so), but generally lizards aren’t adapted for strong bites, while a lot of mammals are. Crocodilians come out far on top in that category.

[feral spire]

Huh that's really interesting actually thank you and @last adder for teaching me this !

[last adder]

Any time! :>

[frigid bloom]

For reference, human bite-force is within 100-200lb psi range, Komodos are in 500-600 range, A lion 600-1000, Crocodiles can get close to 4000lb psi

[last adder]

Yeah, they can still bite down really hard, just not to the same degree as other animals more specially refined for a crushing bite.

[severe yew]

when the hell is the Willard description going to be published?

why do everything in paleo takes decades? 😭

[fossil ingot]

Never

[fossil ingot]

PSI...

[frigid bloom]

Pounds per Square Inch

[tough parcel]

I think the point of the message was that PSI is horrible due to how variable it can be just from the measurement point

[hardy sentinel]

6-7

[fossil ingot]

Use Newtons , is just better and more Precise overall
And Tmk Komodo's Bite Forces aren't that Strong, But their Strength Combined with its Teeth is more than Enough go cause major Dmg

[tough parcel]

Jarvis, please provide an accurate and reliable source detailing how much is reconstructed and how much is real

[feral spire]

And even so they don't really use their bite force to their full potential they just 'nibble' to inject the venom

[fossil ingot]

Adam should be about this Complete (ignore the skeletal itself just focus on the Material)

[tough parcel]

Maybe one day we can get an accurate and detailed description instead of a skeletal mount

[fossil ingot]

Real

[outer tusk]

the white is what it's actually known from btw

[tough parcel]

Are you /j or /srs

[steady rock]

the fact this would be one of the largest land creatures if it was around today...

[steady rock]

i need someone to compare this thing to allo, torvo and cerato

[remote shadow]

The fact we have no idea what it’s size or body shape is based off of just a skull is a thing 😄

[steady rock]

then how do we know its a dicreosaurid

[hardy sentinel]

Might be the neck vertebrae

[hallow spear]

only known from the skull, which isnt exactly the most reliable
and WIllard is probably the best contender for most reliable whenever it gets described

[brave nova]

Thought there was more to them than just their skulls 🥀

[steady rock]

what do y'all think we'll find first, 10 ton reliable trike ot 10 ton reliable stego

[hardy sentinel]

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2020.1780600

[steady rock]

smitanosaurus and its victims

[hardy sentinel]

Why do I even bother with TikTok commenters bruh

"Even if annectens did have a head crest it would be smaller than the one on regalis" my guy where are you getting this from 🥀

[outer tusk]

only saving grace is that one regalis speicmen or well some don't depict the crest

[hardy sentinel]

I'm fine with either being depicted with a crest, it's just when people say annectens didn't have a crest based on the fact that we haven't found one with a crest

Like gang it's a miracle we found regalis with one

[ashen wedge]

Paleo Conspiracy Theory Time #2: What if Dinosaurs still roam the Earth and we are all ghosts that exist in an after life that were all killed by dinosaurs

[steady rock]

shouldnt dinosaurs that were killed by other dinosaurs be here then

[ashen wedge]

It’s because we are the dinosaurs that were killed

[hardy sentinel]

The dinosaurs are the friends we made along the way

[autumn nexus]

I like it when people just make headcanons about dinosaurs and present them as reality

[scenic flame]

Yeah I wouldn't use those, the bars ones aren't accurate at all and the rhamph one is using a younger individual/smaller adult

[peak spruce]

https://youtu.be/GQkm4kRNYzA?si=x47r74RcZaFIPr4X

Here is the video comparing more dinos @scenic flame

[scenic flame]

some of them seem good but I feel that it's problematic to use images that are at very different persepctives
Cool video though, but I would take most of it as actually accurate

[peak spruce]

I think we have to reduce the size of some species, for example the allosaurus, it is much bigger than normal

[wind prairie]

I remember getting a snapback by someone about therizinosaurus being hostile and solitary
like dude don't we have therizinosaur nesting colonies? I swore we did

[ancient crystal]

You can blame ark for that one

[fluid inlet]

We don’t have to reduce the size of anything it’s a game not a documentary

[ancient crystal]

I would like to reduce the size of sarco just to make the sarco mains even more angry

[peak spruce]

Ok then let's make them the same size as the ark and add the velociraptor from jurassic park, is that okay with you?

[fluid inlet]

Nothing in this game size is that different lol

[hardy sentinel]

That's assuming you're going based on the type species (Fragilis), and not the biggest one at the time Allo was added (Jimmadseni)

[opaque kayak]

I remember people tried aksong Nizar for his height to scale willard 😭

[rotund surge]

@stiff osprey is this paper still accurate and can you pls reply ping me for your response? https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.596099v1.full

[fluid inlet]

He’s 6’2 2 inches shorter than me and 20 inches taller than you.

[opaque kayak]

Rumblr be quite or I’ll show you perucetus current state again 🤫

[rotund surge]

Is suchomimus 6 tons now?

[fluid inlet]

@opaque kayak

[tall prawn]

Same

[severe yew]

make a move

https://tenor.com/view/good-bad-ugly-gif-9628863

[balmy oyster]

Isn’t fragilis larger than jimmadseni tho

[fossil ingot]

POT Allo is about 11.3-11.4m

[hardy sentinel]

It appears I have been lied to for 3 years and never bothered to fact check

[fossil ingot]

Yes, specially when "Epanterias" is just Fragilis which is just overkill

[hardy sentinel]

Instagram is hating 💔🥀

[hallow spear]

no its not, its based on Loewen 2009

[balmy oyster]

“Epanterias” back into possible validity?

[balmy oyster]

Lmao it happens to us all

[steady rock]

was the apex of the morrison, camarasaurus, also a target of smitanosaurus?

[hallow spear]

Allosaurus has direct evidence of it iirc

[fossil ingot]

Didn't Random said "Epanterias" was just Fragilis?

[hardy sentinel]

Epanterias is valid?

Thought it was just Fragilis, Anax, Jimmadseni and the now debated Europaeus

[steady rock]

i knew smitanosaurus hunted allosaurus

[zealous ravine]

https://x.com/paleoAldo/status/1949202775491166648

Aldo Benites-Palomino (@paleoAldo)

You wanna know why the older layers of the Pisco basin will soon blow your brain?
Meet project “C”, possibly the best preserved archaeocete unearthed so far. Material still in prep/study but it looks absolutely astonishing.

X · Jul 26, 2025, 8:18 PM

[primal ice]

I need help for an explanation I'm seeing so many videos of this going around on tiktok and its driving me crazyyy! Is it real fake or is it a just a different dinosaur and is a sauropod i been losing my mind over it!

[ashen wedge]

What’s the name?

[balmy oyster]

This probably does not exist

[primal ice]

laeviatanus imperator trust me I search the web for it and found nothing but I still don't know because Google sometimes doesn't show everything

[steady rock]

it says in the image

[ashen wedge]

After some looking up, this ain’t real, otherwise there would be more things on it online and through some articles and not devianart

[primal ice]

So people just making this thing seem like it's a real thing got it

[steady rock]

search up who daniel onguene is

[primal ice]

This what you was looking for nothing on Google for him

[rotund surge]

What is epanterias assigned to then?

[queen palm]

What do you guys consider the most underrated dinosaur groups?

[thorn grove]

Tyrannosaurus rex nobody ever talks about it

[queen palm]

I was gonna say pterosaurs and who could forget the dimetrodon

[fluid inlet]

Spinosaurus for sure

[ancient crystal]

Hey this channel is back where its supposed to be

[stray saddle]

This makes no sense sorry hehe

[opaque kayak]

Pachycephalosauria. Legit never seen a convo abt them for some reason

[hardy sentinel]

They are pretty understood and have had like, 2 controversies

[full lagoon]

Ornithomimosaurs probably, outside of the popular few

[steady rock]

What's the average stegos weight?

[fossil ingot]

[sterile trail]

Holy moly

[distant mauve]

jobaria the best guy

[sterile trail]

Jobaria has a j.o.b.

[balmy oyster]

Dempsey after stretching the animal in one direction more than intended to make it 50% larger

[opaque kayak]

Wait a minute

[balmy oyster]

Hold on I didn’t even realize this what did he do to his patagotitan???

[steady rock]

Looks like a diplodocid

[paper parcel]

Worlds smallest sauropod(Its farm sized)

[steady rock]

There's smaller

[balmy oyster]

Either dubious or immature

[opaque kayak]

I just scaled cf.argentinosaurus with patagotitan and got 106,934 Kilograms 💀

[steady rock]

Dosent magy weigh less then europasaurus?

[balmy oyster]

Magy is the dubious one

[steady rock]

Omg it's dubious?

Thoughts?

[balmy oyster]

Reason why spino would at least be not fully lipped is because the teeth angle out weirdly so if it would’ve had full on lips then they would need to be very excessive and go against what we know about archosaur soft tissue

[severe yew]

25 tons carnivor theropod? holy ... 😮

[steady rock]

Would spinosauridae not have lips or just spino?

[severe yew]

https://tenor.com/view/hi-wave-gif-22934591

[zealous ravine]

Just spino

[severe yew]

and where is that? lol

[paper parcel]

I don't really see why they would need them, like from a practical perspective they wouldn't need them, hold water? they live in water. Handle Bacteria? they live in bacteria, plus it would be harder for them to eat fish since their lips might get in the way. Plus fish are slippery

[ancient crystal]

Above the meme channel, they swapped

[severe yew]

oh, you keep track of that? 😆

[balmy oyster]

I think non-spinosaurine spinosaurids would’ve been more likely to have full on lips since I believe some like Suchomimus’s teeth are more “normal” compared to spino’s

[severe yew]

whats your thoughts on this lipped spino

i think looks good with lips and also without 😎

[fluid inlet]

Humans are really dumb that this is “ground breaking”

[balmy oyster]

Thought we all figured this stuff out when we saw crows snowboarding.

[severe yew]

lol, and they spend 127 million dollars, and 20 years of research just to come to that conclusion 😂

[tough parcel]

Looks ugly 👎 and unrealistic 👎

[paper parcel]

I love the shelled pseudosauropods

[last adder]

Because we're self centered idiots who like to try and separate ourselves from the natural world.

[fluid inlet]

Yeah it’s very annoying

[last adder]

All of us here on this planet really aren't as different as most people like to believe lmao. We're just another type of animal- but a peculiar one at that.

[last adder]

Alongside the lips and excessive soft tissue on the snout (and being incredibly smooth/having no wrinkling/texture variation or imperfections like a lot of modern paleoart fails to include) I also think that the neck looks strangely attached to the body, same with how the head connects to the neck.

[last adder]

And in a perfect world that wouldn't be seen as a negative thing by so many..

[sharp dragon]

Setting yourself above other animals is a good strategy to keep your species alive, just one that isn't true.

Except for me, i'm better than everything.

[steady rock]

raptorex victim

[sharp dragon]

I forgot that thing was ever a thing.
The only depiction i've ever seen of it was in Dinosaur Train. I think it had a skateboard in that show.

[last adder]

Not necessarily.

Just see where it's gotten humans now.. slowly creating the perfect conditions to wipe ourselves out thanks to corporate greed.

Long term survival is a mix of collaboration- both direct and indirect- and competition. Everything relies on something else.

[ashen wedge]

Time for another Paleo Conspiracy Theory

What if the Terror Birds are still alive, and governments have kept them hidden to prevent mass outbreaks of panic?

[last adder]

That kind of sounds like the premise of some crazy action adventure movie lmao.

[ashen wedge]

Alright, I will write a movie script (since I am currently a film major and plan on being a director) and find Nicholas Cage and ask him to star in this cheesy film

Quick, I need more ideas to go with this premise

[last adder]

Uh

My suggestion: Make something more unique?

[ashen wedge]

Dam, alright, so I’ll use the plot for 65 have Nicholas Cage star in it and have him go ham with the role

[last adder]

Bruh lmao

[ashen wedge]

You said to be more unique

[last adder]

It could be good if actually done well, yeah.

[ashen wedge]

Unlike the creators of 65, I do know what was around and alive 65 million years ago (aka not the non-avian dinosaurs, but the start of the age of the mammals)

[last adder]

Something like that would be genuinely interesting- exploring a world recently after a mass extinction event took place.

[ashen wedge]

Agreed

[last adder]

I'm sure you could also make a lot of story elements much better than the uh- actual 65 movie..

[ashen wedge]

Yeah, I’ve unfortunately seen parts of the movie, but luckily I’ve seen RickRaptor’s review of it

[opaque kayak]

Apparently there somehow existed 7 meter sharks who survived kpg, or lived right after it

[wind prairie]

tbh I bet there were like, a couple of non avians still hanging on

[ashen wedge]

Maybe for at least few thousand years after the KPG, but I think by 65 million they were completely extinct

[last adder]

A lot of times, the devastation of the KT extinction seems to be really undermined- at least to me.

But yeah, I wouldn't doubt that some dinosaur populations survived, probably those on the other side of the planet from the impact site though-

[ashen wedge]

Probably not for long since the dust clouds from the impact would have began choking out the remaining larger populations of all species (including mammals, birds, and non-avian dinosaurs)

[last adder]

Yeah, definitely.

Not to mention that the entire world was going through complete ecological collapse-

[ashen wedge]

Although, I do believe that with the absence of light, most of the plants will not blossom or grow nearly as much, taking out all of the larger herbivores, which then takes out the predators, then the scavengers, and the scavenger’s scavengers to have survived on land at least

[last adder]

I'm pretty sure photosynthesis would've come to a complete stop for many years because of all the atmospheric debris- its possible the surface of the planet wasn't even visible from space.

[ashen wedge]

It’s possible, but I think it would still have continued although not to a large extent

[last adder]

Yeah, I wouldn't doubt that at least some light got through.

[severe gate]

Theoretically what's the biggest creature a real life hatz could pick up

[halcyon cobalt]

Would a Martian-style survival film with time travel and dinosaurs be a good watch?

[last adder]

It's really hard to estimate something like that, but I would assume they'd be able to pick up at least a fraction of their own weight.

[severe gate]

I feel like a full grown conc is a bit big for how brittle they look

[last adder]

At the VERY most I'd say something like- 100-200 pounds?

Definitely not like what it can lift in PoT, but I'd assume a smaller end dinosaur would be fair game.

[severe gate]

Any dinosaur movie would be awesome right now, JP and JW is a dead franchise

[autumn nexus]

Conc is like the same weight as hatz if not heavier

so definitely not something conc sized

[cloud breach]

Cowshark?

[opaque kayak]

Xampylodon sp.

[drifting condor]

Did Albertosaurus have more of a bone breaking bite or flesh ripping bite?

[halcyon cobalt]

did nanotyrannus have more of a bacterial poisonous bite or an obligate scavenger bite

[brittle sinew]

GOOGLE! What is this?!

[brittle sinew]

I think flesh ripping

[drifting condor]

?

[brittle sinew]

They added sounds for some dinosaurs

[severe gate]

Is there a lore reason why we dont know what dinos sound like? Are we stupid?

[severe yew]

yep, almost identical

[severe gate]

I think its too coincidental we're the only sentient species

[balmy oyster]

We’re not though
I’d argue we aren’t even the ONLY sapient species either. We may be super advanced, but building structures and weapons does not always equate to sapience.

[severe gate]

Other creatures had the chance to rise with us and yet we're the only ones to have established civilizations, globally at that I might add

[balmy oyster]

We’re a special occurrence, we were a decently sized mammal that was prone to speciation and highly adaptable to different climates, as well as being capable of hunting down prey items we shouldn’t have realistically been able to.

It was all just a lot of things that added up to us being able to take over the entire planet, instead of crows or squids.

Not to mention that said other sapient species just don’t require tools or shelters to continue existing. Crows can fly, dolphins don’t really have any limbs but they have echolocation and essentially limitless area to move around in, and octopi are effectively tentacled blobs that can fit into any crevice and do…anything, really.

[severe gate]

Either way u wanna think abt it, however u think abt how we came to be, it always boils down to us being special in some way

[balmy oyster]

It’s also important to remember that human development only ever really kicked off from the past ~5000/6000 years. Over the past 5 - 6 million years we haven’t really changed all too much, while in the last 2000 and even last 100 we’ve exploded with innovation

[balmy oyster]

Definitely, what happened with human species seems to be a super rare, if not once a lifetime occurrence

Human evolution is rather interesting, since you’d never expect the balding bipedal apes to be the most successful species

[severe gate]

True lol

[severe yew]

maybe our adaptability was what made the difference

[balmy oyster]

I’m certain, as well as a pretty lengthy lifespan and our eventual understanding of better ways to care/heal one another, and finally understanding all other food options and means to farm them if possible

[hallow spear]

I missread what the person I replied to said 💔

Thought he was saying epant was valid so I responded with saying it’s not based on Loewen 2009 which lumps it

[severe yew]

given the mind boggling size of the Universe, i do believe there is a huge amount of other sentient species out there

so maybe not so special after all...

[severe gate]

Adaptability yes, evolution i just don't see. We've observed adaptation but not evolution. Until those Sea wolves grow gills and Paddle feet i don't subscribe to it

[hallow spear]

Fragilis

[hallow spear]

Unknown

[severe gate]

Oh cmon you'd think of all ppl you'd know stego

[hallow spear]

I do, but the average isn’t possible to get atm

[severe gate]

Lol

[severe yew]

some people might feel uncomfortable, others might say its just conspiracy a theory

but the ufo phenomenon is real, and so i sometimes think that some of the ufo pilots could even be a dinosauroid species that actually survived the asteroid strike 66 million years ago

so intelligent after so many millions of years of evolution that they live on Earth completely undetected (underground, underwater, or even inside the moon and other planets)

throughout history, most people faced ridicule for their groundbreaking theories that were later proven correct (Albert Einstein, Nicolas Copernicous, Alfred Wegener, Ignaz Semmelweis, Robert Bakker, and so on...)

[severe yew]

if you don't know why some of these people were ridiculed, look them up, here is such an example:

[severe yew]

this guy was institutionalized and died in an asylum, like are you f serious?

all while everyone else laughed and harassed him

[celest hedge]

Your on that za for sure

[severe yew]

paleontologist Robert Bakker was so ridiculed that was even nicknamed the "dinosaur heretic"

by the way, he is the one who theorized that dinosaurs were more bird like than reptiles

[celest hedge]

don’t you mean to say dinosaurs are more like birds than other reptiles?

[balmy oyster]

Option B:

[celest hedge]

birds are reptiles so dinosaurs can’t be more like birds than reptiles because that’s illogical

[severe yew]

see this?

this is exactly what i am talking about

some people are so comfortable to their beliefs that they just ridicule other's theories without even thinking about the possibility 😅

[balmy oyster]

To be fair you tried to tie in human stupidity with dinosaurs going into space and surviving for 66 million years to come back and harass humanity.

[fluid inlet]

https://tenor.com/view/life-on-our-planet-lystrosaurus-yawn-tired-waking-up-gif-6750915858714921393

[celest hedge]

People ridicule theories like yours because they are founded by zero scientific evidence, this is why conspiracy theory’s are disliked so much

[scenic flame]

personally I prefer believing things because of solid evidence rather than appeal to ignorance fallacy

[balmy oyster]

Not to mention if they did either go into space or stay underground, why would they be humanoid? What’s stopping evolutionary pressure into turning them into some sort of mole like animals

[celest hedge]

And why would they have even stayed in space/underground after the extinction event had ended???

[balmy oyster]

And if they did go into space there’s no guaranteed they would ever find a reason to return to earth, since if they did leave around the time the asteroid hit they’d rather take their chances elsewhere (and there’s no saying they would even remotely exist for millions of years before extinction)

[severe yew]

i am already expecting to be ridiculed, and so that doesn't even bother me

i know who i am and what i believe in 💥

[celest hedge]

I’m out now

[balmy oyster]

Because what you said was just…silly. Dinosaurs going into space and becoming humanoid and living on for 66 million years is just silly.

[severe yew]

but also, people ridicule what they cannot comprehend

[balmy oyster]

Idk what this conversation is 😭 can we go back to talking about which dinosaur is cooler and why it would win in a fight

[severe yew]

yes, Vividsky, with all due respect, some people prefer not to step out of their confort zone

[balmy oyster]

I can’t tell if this is biblical levels of trolling or if you’re losing your mind

[scenic flame]

[jagged trellis]

🍿 so how would you fellas rank the new hammond collection figures from comic con in accuracy

[severe yew]

they could be anything bro, the way they look is up to imagination

[severe yew]

why not?

[severe yew]

its silly to you and i respect your opinion

but i know what i am talking about, bro 😉

[balmy oyster]

If aliens are real (and they have a probable chance of being so) there is no reason to conclude they are dinosaurian. At that point I believe aliens being actual extraterrestrial organisms not tied to earth whatsoever would be more realistic than non avian dinosaurs surviving for 66 million years and becoming humanoid.

I’d argue jordan peele’s take on “U.F.O.’s” is more grounded and based on what we know of science and evolution.

At the end of the day though, you shouldn’t be stopped to believe what you think may be true as long as you’re not enforcing it onto others or using it for any other harmful ways. It’s definitely cool to think about if it is true and it has a lot of implications about how we know how civilizations and evolution work.

[severe yew]

it is okay to be afraid of the unknown, bro

[balmy oyster]

Okay what are you even trying to do

I’m not “afraid” of this topic? 😭

[balmy oyster]

Plus also this too, I shouldn’t be the end all for what you believe in as well

[severe yew]

of course bro, i only argue that its a possibility

[severe yew]

i meant no disrespect

[celest hedge]

Why would “alien” dinosaurs continue living in such horrible conditions when the option to just return to their original and natural homes exists???

[balmy oyster]

Why don’t fish evolve powered flight and eat mice

[celest hedge]

And no alien dinosaurs aren’t something I cannot comprehend it is simply something that is very and I mean VERY unlikely due to the lack of evidence and such

[hallow spear]

The feeble eagle and cat.. convergence with fish?…

[severe yew]

who knows, bro

maybe they just want to be undetected for some reason

i do not know everything, that i totally admit

the world we live in is all kinds of weird, specially now

just look at the news of war and stuff, it almost feels unreal, doesn't it?

[bitter oasis]

While i understand how the conversation got to this point this seems to have moved away from the paleontology topic of the channel. I would suggest to move the conversation to dms or a different discord server, thank you!

[severe yew]

i understand, but the lack of evidence doesn't mean it is impossible

[celest hedge]

Humans have been on the earth for only the past 200k years, the kt extinction has ended millions of years ago so unless the dinosaurs didn’t want to get detected by early cenozoic mammals and reptiles then they have no reason to hide from anything that was on earth back then.

[severe yew]

copy that 🫡

[balmy oyster]

Plus if they were intelligent enough to build spaceships they could’ve found a way to clear out the atmosphere quickly and re-establish themselves back on earth

Best guess is IF they did that…they began hating each other like people and blew each other up and continued the extinction event they tried to clear up lol..

[severe yew]

i can no longer comment, bro

we were told to change the topic 😅

[balmy oyster]

Penguin

[celest hedge]

Oh yeah sorry, that reminds me why I originally came to this channel. Wanted to ask if T.mcraeensis is still a valid species of tyrannosaur??

[undone rapids]

Maybe, really just depends on who you ask. Most consider it valid atm

[balmy oyster]

From what I’ve heard it’s definitely become contested

I think it’s still plausible but for it to become fully confirmed we’d need better material

[celest hedge]

This punk

[undone rapids]

Also new Daspleto specimen got described, we have more horneri now

[balmy oyster]

Awesome

[celest hedge]

Alright thank you very much for the reply

[celest hedge]

I’ve recently gotten back into paleontology and such so I don’t got a single clue what your on about, that’s a sign that I should start researching into this stuff more soon

[undone rapids]

the 2nd Daspleto species has another specimen now, from Dinosaur park formation

[fluid inlet]

https://youtu.be/RluFC147aS0?si=vCUMc7q4POwPi6g5 love how it goes from good going to no hope so quick. The story of life.

[outer tusk]

Just to recap this is Paleo chat right?

[halcyon cobalt]

Idk broylent green

[rose gate]

What's up with the hype of Laeviatanus imperator? 🤔
Legit?

[iron halo]

willing to bet my entire life savings that this isn’t legit

[tough parcel]

A) Not legit

B) It’s made by a 14 y/o on DeviantArt

C) The soft tissue silhouette is obviously bloated for the very specific reason of being the “largest” theropod

D) This kid has a track record for doing this

E) Why can’t my joke posts blow up like this

[stray saddle]

Sorry, but no lol

[stiff osprey]

The vertebrae are real btw, they were found in Brazil and described in 2024. The interpretation of it as an obese giganotosaurine named Laeviatanus is fake

Most likely they belong to a basal carcharodontosaurian that rivals if not exceeds T.rex in size, but two partial vertebrae is not enough to say for sure

[ancient crystal]

I don't even know how people look at that image and even consider it being real

[sudden wind]

LaeviatWHAT

[ashen wedge]

It ain’t legit

[last adder]

Bruh what did I miss here, and why is that image here YET AGAIN-

[ashen wedge]

Don’t know, my best guess is that it reappeared

[ancient crystal]

1. I don't know

2. Either ragebait, or people not understanding the near impossibility of a 25 ton theropod

[ashen wedge]

In all seriousness this is fake from a mile away, all what it takes is a quick google search to see it ain’t real

[last adder]

I'll never understand how people get so infatuated with extremely fragmentary specimens and then proceed to exaggerate and glaze them like a cinnamon roll.

[ancient crystal]

Or just even looking closely at the silhouette. Makes it pretty obvious

[ashen wedge]

It just looks like if we made Saurophaganax Maximus (Allosaurus Anax) more huge and bulkier

[halcyon cobalt]

guy who has never heard of acrocanthosaurus:

[ashen wedge]

I have heard of it, I just don’t love Acro enough to use it

[last adder]

Can we maybe just like, stop talking about it, and discuss something with actual knowledge behind it?

[halcyon cobalt]

I think saying it’s fake is little harsh. sure it’s misleading but it’s not a blatant lie

Also I just saw it’s based on a 12t 13m giga estimated lel

[last adder]

[ashen wedge]

At the current moment, it ain’t a theropod, and the creator of that image did say it was fake

[halcyon cobalt]

what is wrong with discussing paleontology in the paleo channel?

[ashen wedge]

Because the creature being discussed is fake, as it was created by a DevianArt User

[halcyon cobalt]

@ashen wedge

[last adder]

Something about dragging out a conversation of an extremely bloated theropod conjured from the dreams of a 14 year old just feels wrong.

[ashen wedge]

I saw that, and I’m not disputing the vertebrae, I’m disputing it being a gigantic carcharodontosaur

[halcyon cobalt]

@ashen wedge @ashen wedge

[ashen wedge]

Did you even read the post? As it says it can’t be certain based on the vertabrae, so stop trying to use this as a gotcha

[ancient crystal]

I think its funny a 14 year old's dinosaur OC has ragebaited this channel more successfully than some people who come here to do it intentionally

[halcyon cobalt]

“most likely” sounds pretty different to “fake” and “created by a Deviantart user”

[last adder]

The fossil isn't fake, the bloated silhouette and the possible identity of the dinosaur is.

[ashen wedge]

Alright, so you are ignoring what I said, and it’s unlikely to determine what an animal is based on two vertebrae alone, and then to assume it’s a gigantic theropod that exceeds anything in our paleontological record and the name of the dinosaur is fake

[last adder]

Can we switch topics?

[halcyon cobalt]

I don’t dispute most of what you said

[ashen wedge]

Yes

[ashen wedge]

What parts do you disagree with?

[halcyon cobalt]

I’m wrong you’re right let’s switch topics

[ashen wedge]

Mhm…. You are a professional ragebaiter, so I’ll just say this, Troodon is the best name for an invalid genius

[rose gate]

Carcha Iguidensis is real 🥹

[ashen wedge]

Not disputing that

[severe yew]

do you happen to have any link, photos, or more info to the description of that "alleged" 25 ton giganotosaurus ?

any claimed theropod bigger than trex is of great public interest 🥳

[sudden wind]

"25 ton giganotosaurus"

More like indeterminate Carcharodontosaurian (also bloated weight)

[severe yew]

well, yes, of course 😅

[ancient crystal]

A 25 ton giga would be over a quarter the size of the largest terrestrial animal known

[severe yew]

bro, and what is exactly your reasoning to claim this to be a "near impossibility" ?

i mean, it does sound outlandish at first, but there could still be all kinds of huge fossils somewhere that we don't even have a clue about

why limiting yourself to the current standard just to agree with the herd, so to speak ?

.
and before anyones asks, no, this is not rage bait 😅

[outer tusk]

better ref

[undone rapids]

Brazilsaurus...

[outer tusk]

GNG WHY IS THIS SO DAMN PEAK ( @kiracuriee ) like gng there are tear in my damn eyes I AM CRYING

[frigid bloom]

I'd love for spino to get a speculative spiky dewlap-beard like Metri or Bars

[sudden wind]

I really hope Spino will get some spicy subs when it comes to sail, tail and nasal crest

I also hope it won't have weird textures like Sucho does on its face

[severe yew]

@ancient crystal
have you read the 70 % bigger trex size estimate 2024 paper ?

so basically, scientists found that trex could have reached 15 tons

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.11658

[tough parcel]

Publishing hypothetical estimates instead of making it a small blog was the definition of hidden catastrophe

[hallow spear]

This is not at all the point of the study lmao

[severe yew]

either way, this was not a "devian art" kid making the claims

it was made by actual scientist in the paleo field

wether we like it or not, scientific discoveries are always changing, that is a fact ✅

[tough parcel]

Whether we like it or not, the situations are not comparable

One is a DA kid making up things so they have a theropod bigger than T. rex

The other is logical reasoning that anyone working with living animals would realize but with a solid number attached to it

[severe yew]

the main point i am making here is that what seems strange and ridiculous now, can become a fact later 💥

as history shows

[tough parcel]

Then explain how I'm wrong in that these situations differ

There's a stark contrast between "I made this up but it'll probably be right in the future because science is always changing 😝"

And "We have a limited number of specimens so the animal could get larger, but by how much, we are unsure." being turned into "Based on alligators, we can hypothesize that the largest hypothetical max for T. rex specifically would be about 70% larger than the largest known T. rex"

[severe yew]

it is a normal human behavior to feel threatened by the unknown

usually, nobody likes to realize that everything that was once learned could one day be wrong, we humans tend to get attached to our current knowledge

that is one reason why whenever anyone has any groundbreaking ideas, the majority of people push back, sometimes as if by instict

[tough parcel]

Ok cool

Now can you properly answer what I asked here instead of some weird preaching behavior you seem to revert to when you're wrong

Carl Sagan```
Always remember this quote! Good one to live by

[ancient crystal]

Guys, they're ragebaiting, there's a reason I haven't reaponded to their pings

[tough parcel]

https://tenor.com/view/rage-bait-ragebait-angry-gon-bait-gif-5270896389597269350

[severe yew]

and then, whenever humans get triggered for some reason, they start to say things like "you are wrong" and stuff like that

[steady rock]

how did dinosaurs divorce if they dont have thumbs to sign the papers?

[tough parcel]

They didn't because divorce was invented by Big Paper to sell more paper

[robust kite]

and here i thought this channel would be informative XD thanks for showing me its not

[steady rock]

what would y'all say was more common for a tyrannosaurids diet, ceratopsians or hadrosaurs?

[severe yew]

bro, this quote is so recycled
♻️

to the point that is not effective anymore, lol

[steady rock]

and yet here you are still not answering and still just preaching

[tough parcel]

An isotopic study on Tarbosaurus revealed it didn't care. If it lived in the area, it was on the dinner plate

I think there's been speculative niche partitioning between Gorgosaurus and Daspletosaurus but it's not too bountiful in evidence

[ancient crystal]

Once upon a time it was, still can be on occassion. But being attached to a dinosaur survival game populated mostly by children isn't doing this paleochat any favors

[steady rock]

would gorgo and dasp even need to niche partition? also, what was the niche partitioning suggested?

[tough parcel]

I think it was Gorgo went for the armored prey (ankylosaurs and ceratopsians) whereas Daspleto went for the hadrosaurs

[steady rock]

i wonder how they came to that conclusion

[tough parcel]

I'll also add it's a public chat so the occasional nuisance trying to be funny and reactive will pop up but overall, if you need a question answered, you'll get it answered

[steady rock]

do you guys think gorgo and alberta were close enough to cross-breed?

[robust kite]

are any other topics discussed here exept from megatheropods?

[steady rock]

yes, nanotyrannus

[tough parcel]

I mean yes, but considering this specific chat is sparked by questions and most questions revolve around large theropods, it's the most common discussion point

If you have anything newer you'd like to ask or discuss, feel free

[robust kite]

like brachiopoda or echinodermata? ah okay got it

[steady rock]

those words are too big, what are those

[ancient crystal]

They aren't my specialty, but I'm a studying marine biologist so I might have some answers

[severe yew]

anything paleontology related, just be careful whenever trying to discuss any topic out of the ordinary as it can trigger some people

[tough parcel]

Echidnas not being in Echinodermata is a crime against humanity, I think

[river plinth]

Considering how quicker hadrosaurs are to catch probably ceratopians or least the smaller variety mostly

[robust kite]

brachiopoda - sea animals with two hard shells like clams. echinodermata - sea urchin and starfish. my question is: why are there siliceous sediments around the antarctic region?

[tough parcel]

Is there any reason to assume there should not be?

[steady rock]

do we know the diving capibilities of prehestoric marine reptiles?

[severe yew]

high diatom productivity, upwelling, effective silicon pump, and preservation

these combine to create a region of high diatom abundance and biogenic silica production

that leads to the formation of the "opal belt" of siliceous sediments

[robust kite]

i ment what fauna and flora lived there to make such huge deposits possible. siliceouis sedimets stem from dead live like sponges. i just want to know when this was the case and what the enviromet looked like during that time sincew i cant find a fitting answere in my book here. Also it might have something to to with the carbonate compensation dept but i couldnt find a map that shows the dept there

[severe yew]

https://tenor.com/view/there-it-is-well-there-it-is-gif-8569483

[ancient crystal]

So cold water silica based reefs are a possibility, but I'm away from my notes which would tell me when these would be common

There are other, microbial reasons such as diatoms, but I don't deal in microbiology so I couldn't give you any good information

[robust kite]

thx

[lavish frigate]

THEORY: The real reason INGEN created the indominus Rex is to make a dinosaur that could get legally divorced

Hence the thumbs

[tough parcel]

https://tenor.com/view/kronk-point-debate-argument-angel-gif-17274775

[lavish frigate]

“The indominus Rex, brought to you by John and sons divorce lawyers”

[severe yew]

@robust kite
to be more specific, as i mentioned before, bro

the waters near antarctica are rich in nutrients such a silicic acid (dissolved silica) that fuels the growth of diatoms

the upwelling of circumpolar deep water brings a constant supply of dissolved silicic acid to the surface

the southern ocean acts like a silicon pump trapping and recycling silicas

and then, cold water temperatures contribute to better preservation of diatom shells in the sedimentz

[hallow spear]

i think there was noting of potential prefferences in diet

[tough parcel]

I mean yea, but were they not personal preferences

[winter marsh]

Midtarctica

[sudden wind]

Yes in a few instances, decompression causes some pathologies and changes an organisms chemistry

[steady rock]

im gonna assume itchyosaurs are potentially the deepest diving marine reptile?

[sudden wind]

Deepest diving marine reptile is probably Abyssosaurus, a Cryptocleidid plesiosaur. I think some Ichthyosaurs are thought to be deep divers but there are fewer evidences for them.

[severe yew]

some would say the deepest diving marine reptile was Spinosaurus

[winter marsh]

Imo its easily cartorhynchus the sigma sea potat

[sudden wind]

0/10 ragebait

[outer tusk]

BRO THIS GIF IS LITERALLY ME 😭 WHY IS IT SO REAL

[severe yew]

lol, but at least i do argue that Spinosaurus dived underwater, even though some do not like that 😅

and there are actual paleontology studies that support that

[sudden wind]

Which, if you could cite them?

[steady rock]

if im right, mosauridaes like staying in shallow/near the surface of the water, or am i wrong?

[winter marsh]

Yeah

[severe yew]

i would have to find, bro

i am not home right now

.
and now that i remember, i think i might have shared a few links in this channel before, a few months ago 🤔

[winter marsh]

I think spino had dense bones which indicate semi aquatic life or smth like that. Similar to hippos

[tough parcel]

No-one argued that it wasn't semi-aquatic

We're asking if Sea has any evidence to support that Spino actually went deep-diving considering it lived in river deltas that weren't abysmally deep nor did it have a body build that would indicate fast or powerful swimming

[winter marsh]

Idk why some people argue that Spino wasnt able to dive when a moose which is literally built like a brick with sticks can dive and swim pretty darn well

[severe yew]

that is correct, bro

[tough parcel]

A moose does not have a giant billboard taped to its back

[outer tusk]

spino legs were too short to support likely long hour of diving in deep waters

[steady rock]

spino when it went out into the ocean and heard the distant gunshots of a pliosaur shoot out:

[winter marsh]

I worded that wrong, I was talking about spino being able to dive. MB

[severe yew]

exactly, even 6 ton elephants can swim, and people still don't like that, lmao

[outer tusk]

I know this is bait but why is a mammal being used here

[steady rock]

i dont think weight matters swimming wise...

[tough parcel]

This is because very little comprehension of the anatomical difference between a moose, elephant, and a Spinosaurus

[winter marsh]

Because we dont have a better example cuz spino is a frickin weirdo

Also moose has like huge antlers dont it

[severe yew]

bro, wtf, why do everything that some people do not like to hear has to be rage bait? 😂

[outer tusk]

but why WHY why either mammal when they literally have NOTHING in similarities with spinosaurus besides being capable of swimming

[winter marsh]

Idk man, spino being a deep diver idk but it was surely capable of diving cuz why the heck would you evolve so many stuff just to surface swim

[outer tusk]

because yk you can still be a semi aqautic aniaml without diving? or long hours diving into deep waters YK

[severe yew]

some feel more comfortable agreeing with longstanding ideas instead of standing up to their own

that is one of the things i respect about @fluid inlet 🫡

[tough parcel]

Yes, but they are not a solid wall that catches water. I can see water flowing through/around these better than if Spinosaurus tried to swim to the side to grab a fish

Moose are also not predatory so swimming is more of a "Ima get some stationary plants on the bottom of this water body"

[winter marsh]

Maybe it's like a pelican where it can jump off cliffs and stay underwater for some time before becoming buoyant

[outer tusk]

ngl out of all seabirds why pelicans?

[severe yew]

exactly 💯

that tail alone, WAS MADE TO SWIM and most likely dive

[winter marsh]

Why not. They funny

[steady rock]

moose when they start hearing clicks and whistles:

[winter marsh]

Wait. Pelicans dont dive do they

[outer tusk]

iicr the orcas eating moose is a one type thing that rarely hunted or is rarely documented but do @ me if am wrong, just forgot where I seen it from

[tough parcel]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/878030287676801054/1399088053913387180/sHQUYULV.gif?ex=6887b9c9&is=68866849&hm=18a57cf01a6850f5bcbf03b04feeb152dbde2d1906a0949950a8b5e453fb8c3f&

[winter marsh]

The diving were the Spinosaurus we made along the way

[sudden wind]

Deep diving and semi aquatic lifestyle aren't the same thing.

Deep diving is considered, at least in sport, bellow 30 meters. There is unfortunately no definition with a definitive value for deep diving animals. Still, let's say that deep diving animals are the ones going bellow the twilight zone (so bellow 100 meters and above 1000 meters).

As Spinosaurus is thought, so far, to be a freshwater animal (as the Kem Kem are defined as terrestrial with brackish and freshwater deposits (Cavin et al. 2010))I highly doubt that it would have been in any sort of ways competent at deep diving and that it, anyway, didn't need to as North African river beds weren't even this deep during the Cenomanian.

[severe yew]

would you at least be able to not use the same recycled gif? lol

there are so many

[steady rock]

thats defiently a gif

[outer tusk]

YES YES KING SPEEK YO MESS SPEAK YESSSSS

[severe yew]

spot on 🔥

[tough parcel]

Do you recall if it was Sereno or Ibrahim that observed the tail being a poor propulsion device?

[severe yew]

all those numbers, 30 meters, 100 meters, etc... are just arbitrary quantities made long ago

[tough parcel]

Wow, that was your worst attempt at ragebait I've ever seen

I know you can do better bro 💔

[outer tusk]

Okay like I get gng is ragebait but COME ON

[severe yew]

but is not that good 😭 others are better

[last adder]

Is it just me or do conversations here keep getting more stupid?

[tough parcel]

I mean this conversation is completely valid, it's just Sea Dragon is running out of material so

[severe yew]

i am not trying to rage bait anyone, bro 😭

[outer tusk]

That's almost ever Paleo chat that revolve around a dinosaur game, it's a unfortunate cycle, besides ofc what Falcon said

[steady rock]

what would be the top 5 largest animals in PoT? ( heaviest to lightest)

actually, tell me if this is correct

leed - 40 tons
rex - 8 - 13 tons
tylo - 8 tons
stego - 8 tons
eo and bars - 7 tons

[outer tusk]

Sauropods

[tough parcel]

Official only or modded included

[severe yew]

okay, lets talk about who would win between trex and giga

trex, no, giga, wait... trex had bigger teeth

[last adder]

Wouldn't the heaviest realistically be Rex, Eo, Or Bars?

Of the officials.

[sudden wind]

Both kind of did? More Sereno than Ibrahim iirc but the tail propulsion isn't very strong.

One funny thing that Sereno pointed out in 2022 in his discussion is about Spinosaurus density:

S. aegyptiacus was incapable of diving, given its buoyancy and incompressible trunk. Full submergence would require 15–25 times the maximum force output of its tail, depending on estimated lung volume.
So, if Spinosaurus trunk was really incompressible, it will make diving really really difficult as it is one key adaptation to deep diving.

[severe yew]

Argentinosaurus

[steady rock]

still a mod

[tough parcel]

Well it'd be

1. Leedsicthys
2. Tylosaurus (pending review of Fadeno's skeletal)
3. Tyrannosaurus
4. Stegosaurus
5. Barsboldia

[last adder]

Oh I meant the currently out ones, but yeah! That makes sense.

[steady rock]

isnt stego heavier then eo? last i heard stego reached 8 tons

[sudden wind]

30 meters defines deep diving in humans because this is when humans start to nitrogen narcosis. The twilight zone is defined because sunlight is mostly absorbed, so you're almost already in pitch black.

If you want to argue for how we defined one meter, I did a whole presentation in physic for that like 3 years ago but I don't wanna explain it myself so here is a short video: https://youtu.be/-R6oPSvDIpk?si=aWL2_YywjOxJ8Y1H

[outer tusk]

Also just to give the trunk means the back half?

[sudden wind]

You forgot Triceratops 🔥

[last adder]

We were talking about officials iirc

[steady rock]

well eo is basically triceratops ( in game )

[sudden wind]

Eotrike still look more like a Triceratops

[halcyon shore]

Wait there are eight ton estimates for stego? That’s awesome, didn’t know that

[outer tusk]

Eotriceratops actually looks like a large-bodied masstrichian chasmosaurinae

[severe yew]

https://tenor.com/view/chill-out-bro-godku-stefan-lubomirski-calm-down-just-relax-gif-15979570909977094024

[tough parcel]

Assuming Eotrike is ~4 tons, it'd be beaten by Bars at ~6t for 5th place

[severe yew]

i am eating right now, bro 😭

[outer tusk]

then eat

[last adder]

It'd make sense if spinosaurus couldn't dive- or at most not dive well. I don't really see a reason for it needing to in its environment?

[severe yew]

i can't if i keep getting ganged up by a mob, lol

[steady rock]

girl bye

[outer tusk]

☠️ this isn't even ragebait gng you just loco

[severe yew]

@ mods, someone has chat behavior issues here

[steady rock]

mind you, all you do is derail our conversations, attempt to be funny, attempt to ragebait, so m,aybe, look in a mirror and realize your the real issue and go back to eating you damn food

[severe yew]

at least i don't ask dummi questions every 5 minutes

.
just wanna eat my chicken 🙏

[sudden wind]

Well, if you are less dense than water you need to force yourself to generate enough force to go against Archimedes' principle. Spinosaurus is less dense than water so it probably just didn't dive and could stay afloat. However, Spinosaurus was unstable when floating. So you end up with an animal that has a hard time diving AND floating.

I suppose Spinosaurus was able to swim still, but it sure wasn't the greatest aquatic dinosaur the world ever saw (that being penguins).

[winter marsh]

Is this counting on the 5 ton spino and invisible tyrannotitan

[tough parcel]

Honestly forgot them NEW LIST!

1. Leedsicthys
2. Tylosaurus
3. Tyrannosaurus
4. Spinosaurus/Stegosaurus
5. Tyrannotitan/Barsboldia

[winter marsh]

You forgot microraptor the largest dinosaur ever

[last adder]

And there's still probably a LOT we don't know about it's anatomy- but yeah. It certainly wasn't an aquatic ace like a penguin.

[tough parcel]

I mean the neotype is actually incredibly complete

The assumption we don't know a lot about Spinosaurus skeletally is kinda outdated

[last adder]

I actually didn't know there was a lot of material?

[sudden wind]

Sure, the model used by Sereno et al. 2022 is a chimera, but the Neotype remains >60% complete. So we still have a pretty good idea what the general shape of the animal was like.

[tough parcel]

The neotype alone, if you're one of the "all Spinosaurus material isn't Spinosaurus aegyptiacus" splitters, is pretty notable for the amount preserved

[undone rapids]

Neotype + Drawings of the Holotype give us a pretty good idea of what it was like + more material of the neotype is still being dug out every year

[sudden wind]

Left: complete neotype
Right: composite

[winter marsh]

The thing is anatomically Spinosaurus is messed up

[last adder]

I genuinely didn't know there was that much material of the dinosaur. (I'm also just not as educated on spinosaurus specifically compared to other dinosaurs.)

[undone rapids]

Spino, Sucho and bary are all pretty decently complete. Ichty I think is the 4th most complete

[tough parcel]

Sucho is more iffy because iirc, a decent bit (notably the skull) was referred and not found articulated with the holotype though I might have forgotten a piece of the story

[undone rapids]

Return of Cristatusaurus....

[winter marsh]

Angaturama

[steady rock]

can someone explain to me how magaryosaurus is dubious?

[stiff osprey]

Hmm I wonder what other spinosaurid has plenty of referred material that does not overlap with the holotype

[undone rapids]

Oxalalia!!!

[steady rock]

siligmasaursu?

[winter marsh]

Camarillasaurus mueheheheh

[undone rapids]

Must be Eocarcharia

[steady rock]

whats cerato's largest relative?

[outer tusk]

Saltriovenator

[wary junco]

I've not engaged in any of these discussions so far, but as an observer it's really noticeable that there's a repeated pattern of behaviour here. Sea Dragon says something a bit contrarian, then when people respond against their point they retreat behind a defence of "many were told they were too crazy" rather than actually engaging in the discussion. @severe yew, I'm not trying to single you out but I think you'd find these discussions more fruitful if you didn't immediately shut down when challenged on your claims. Nothing wrong with having differing opinions, but generally in scientific discussions (like these, since we're in the paleo channel...) it's preferred that you try to substantiate your argument instead of claiming people aren't open to "new ideas"

[undone rapids]

Cerato.... is very lonely(in terms of close relatives with very good material)

[outer tusk]

"Am so lonely all the other theropods don't like me because of my phylogenetic branching"

[last adder]

Still haven't found the 30 ton rodent fossil. 😔

[sudden wind]

Suchomimus

[outer tusk]

don't a good half of spinosauridae have or is known from referred materials?

[steady rock]

when your bullying a ceratosaurus by water and then it proclaims "
sto chiamando il mio parente Saltriovenator per venire a darti una bella lezione " and you start getting jumped by a invisibely ghostly force:

[fluid inlet]

We charge on bro

[steady rock]

you and your ai pfp's

[severe yew]

i welcome constructive criticism, bro

i don't mean to shut down, its only when getting simultaneously jumped by 5 or 6 people i don't have time to show evidence to support my claims (although maybe i should show evidence more)

thanks for your observation, i'll try to keep that in mind

[hardy sentinel]

Why is the Ceratosaurus speaking Italian, it's range didn't extend there

Saltior did, but why would Cerato be speaking Italian and not Saltiorvenator

[stiff osprey]

He is speaking italian to summon Saltrio

[elfin pulsar]

Thank you

[fluid inlet]

https://tenor.com/view/landbeforetime-threehorns-longnecks-sera-dinosaurs-gif-7453919563559461059

[hardy sentinel]

Her name is Cera bruh, not Sarah

[zealous ravine]

I wonder hehe

[steady rock]

cerato has italian in him

[honest cobalt]

[fluid inlet]

I didn’t make the gif clanker

[scenic flame]

You did try to justify alien dinosaurs surviving 66 million years using the very logic Okeanos is critiquing you for.

[halcyon shore]

The heck is happening in here?

[severe yew]

no Vividsky, that is a totally separate argument

moreover, when you have 5 or 6 people ganging up on 1, there is very little time to have any constructive argument

also, the 1 minute cooldown does not help 😅

imagine trying to have a verbal conversation with 6 people, all having their own thoughts and ideas, talking to you at the same time and demanding an immediate reply, would you be able to have any sort of neutral dialog?

in my opinion, it is similar to the mixpacks in the POT game, when some players only attack in numbers 😂

in a 1 on 1 conversation, there is more time to properly show links, images, scientific papers, etc...

this is discord, not a court of law, bro

[fluid inlet]

Respect the trike

[severe yew]

also, i could share much more about the alien and dinosauroid topic, and would likely make it more persuasive, but unfortunately, it seems that it is not allowed to be discussed in depth here, and we have to respect what the mods say 😆

[balmy oyster]

fun it’s this convo again

[severe yew]

https://tenor.com/view/game-of-thrones-dragon-got-looking-drogon-gif-17207881

[outer tusk]

the emote doesn't work when nothing hug worthy is going on

[wind prairie]

ohh boy what is it today

[severe yew]

it is good to never take anything personally, bro 🍺

we are all people, drink the same water, have our own sufferings, and make mistakes

[ancient crystal]

Alien dinosaurs and a 14 year old's OC

[outer tusk]

https://tenor.com/view/drake-yachty-censored-not-drake-tech-support-gif-8658410013845332703

[fluid inlet]

Everyone please be respectful we all bffs

[outer tusk]

who the hell is we

[fluid inlet]

U n me little Timmy

[severe yew]

when life has been a challenge, you develop a thick skin 💥

and a deeper understanding of others 😉

[fluid inlet]

[balmy oyster]

In all fairness, I know you probably don’t mean anything bad but frequently the way you say things may come off sort of…passive aggressive? Mainly with you claiming you “know things deeper than others” as you just did right now, and the certain usage of some emojis

It’s why sometimes people can get a bit argumentative when there shouldn’t be any argument

It’s also the fact that the topic in question is pretty odd and while it is possible it’s just an overall outlandish take

[tribal trail]

A reminder to please be polite and respectful when interacting in this server, and to keep the channel on the topic of #paleontology

if you have any issues with a member of this discord please send a message to @feral crane

[wind prairie]

HUH

[sudden wind]

LMFAO "NOT DRAKE'"

[fluid inlet]

Me reading this chat

[wind prairie]

clanker
if anyone is technically a clanker it's the ones with pfps made by robots, see?

[hardy sentinel]

But you used it

[fluid inlet]

And I’ll do it again.

[stray wren]

true

[fluid inlet]

[ashen wedge]

Is this an adult Triceratops? (This is a joke)

[undone fog]

https://tenor.com/view/triceratops-tiramisu-triceramisu-dinosaur-dessert-gif-14740556832456639402

[steady rock]

ugly creature

[undone fog]

I can’t help how I look 🥺

[steady rock]

are you the elephant, man or alien

[undone fog]

It depends on which one you think is prettiest

[steady rock]

dead alien that pee'd itself

[undone fog]

Dang it I’m the elephant 😔

[steady rock]

its actually a mammoth 🥰

[undone fog]

IN MY DEFENSE we both said elephant

[severe yew]

can't wait to see the almighty Argentinosaurus in person

hopefully soon in Georgia 🙏

[scenic flame]

lucky

[severe yew]

yes bro, i missed my chance when it was in Chicago a few years ago 😭

can't miss another chance

[hardy sentinel]

PK's Edmontosaurus regalis is so pleasing to look at

[white matrix]

the front feet could be better

[hardy sentinel]

What does an accurate Hadrosaur foot look like?

[white matrix]

the 2 nails should be relatively the same size, the one in the front shouldn't be so wide

[tough parcel]

Accurate Edmontosaurus foot*

From other fossils, it seems the flesh mitten is still knocking about

I think Holtz commented on the paper like "Ahha!" but I don't remember when

[hardy sentinel]

have we found other Hadrosaur feet that are fossilized as well as the Edmontosaurus's was?

[severe yew]

do anyone know if this Argen skeletal is up to date ?

[warm saddle]

The neck is far too skinny, it needs some more bulk, i would recomend using this or smth simmilar to it, Skeletal by Gunnar Bivens

[severe yew]

i see, thanks bro

[white matrix]

it isnt accurate for an edmontosaurs foot

[white matrix]

yes which is way better than the one people always talk about...
if you want to see a good edmontosaurus foot look at the feet on the bars model, theyre pretty dang spot on

[hardy sentinel]

Me when i'm a hungry Dromeosaurus and the Edmontosaurus herd loses a baby while crossing the river

[white matrix]

use this

[zealous ravine]

Real

Brachylophosaurus has better mummies tbh

[white matrix]

its for edmonot feet bro 💔

[hardy sentinel]

that's not my mummy (btw is this regalis or annectens)

[white matrix]

no idea, i think annectens with the shape of the head

[hardy sentinel]

do you know the specimen name?

[white matrix]

smf r 4036

[hardy sentinel]

you were right, annectens

[fossil ingot]

You can use Random's

[winter marsh]

I wonder why the heck Yi developed skin flap instead of being a regular dinosaur and using feathers to do what it wanted to do aka gliding

[balmy oyster]

Technically, skin membrane is a more normal option for flight than heavily modified stretched out scales

[fluid inlet]

This shark has been through some wars… damn

[winter marsh]

the thing is it has both feathers and the membranes. Like even its relatives had those wings but nah I wanna innovate

[wicked vault]

Sometimes you wanna stand out

[severe yew]

oh, damn

would not be surprised if defeated 5 smaller sharks on its last battle 🔥

[ancient crystal]

The majority of those scars around the face and gills are likely mating scars

[frigid delta]

who is the largest long-necked plesiosaur?
is it still Albertonectes or someone else?

[frigid delta]

interesting answer

[hardy sentinel]

proportionally or just in general?

[frigid delta]

i'm going for the necks so proportionally

[hardy sentinel]

Elasmosaurus

[frigid delta]

what abt largest in general?
Aristonectes?

[hardy sentinel]

I think it's still Elasmosaurus

I think in general Elasmosaurus is just the biggest and longest in everything

Longest neck
Longest neck to body
Longest non-pliosaur Plesiosaur
Biggest non-pliosaur Plesiosaur

[frigid delta]

oh wow wikipedia lied to me then

[hardy sentinel]

wait nvm on biggest, apparently Elasmo was only a few tons

[zealous ravine]

Yep it’s Aristonectes, I believe a couple are longer but Aristo is by far the heaviest, being as long if not longer than elasmo with a proportionally much smaller neck

[frigid delta]

ok now between Albertonectes & Thalassomedon who's da longest neck?

[zealous ravine]

Thalassomedon for sure

[sterile trail]

Albertonectes has around a 7 meter neck, while Thalassomedon only has a 6 meter neck

[serene moat]

what's the largest male tyrannosaurus specimen found? Is it scotty or is scotty a female or do they not know genders of the rexes except for like sue

[tough parcel]

No T.rex has a confirmed gender

No dinosaur has a confirmed gender minus the ones with eggs within their torsos

[steady rock]

asexual reproduction gedagedigedagedago

[sterile trail]

Wasn't there a T.rex specimen with found medullary bone?

Nvm

MOR 1125, aka B-rex

[ancient crystal]

Medullary bone isn't as good an indicator of sex as we once thought, as it also forms in response to injury and tyrannosaurus wasn't exactly leading a peaceful life

[steady rock]

do we have any trex specimen's without a notable injurey?

[ancient crystal]

Of course not, they're all dead, which is the greatest injury of all.

But in all seriousness, maybe some younger specimens lack any obvious injuries, but I can't think of any adults like that.

[sterile trail]

Did Jane have any injuries?

[serene moat]

Ohhh, I thought Sue was a confirmed female interesting, I assumed the largest male was stan

[sick gull]

i think i saw one thing saying males were likely smaller, since with animals that large when mating is concerned having a heavy bulky male might end bad on top

[wind prairie]

is this still considered to be the case?
afaik it is kinda ambiguous. Birds today, alone, vary a lot in this way among themselves. iirc a lot of large predatory birds have larger females, but other birds have larger males (as do their archosaurian relatives, crocodilians)

[sick gull]

idk if its concensus i just remember reading something on that

though at the same time yeah if males fight for breeding rights they tend to be larger

[wind prairie]

I know what you mean, just saying idk how confidently stated it is

and yeah I think that is the case. slightly unrelated but it's really common to portray sauropod males fighting each other for female access but honestly I disagree with that interpretation. We know sauropods made so many eggs at once and just left em hanging, animals with child care strategies like that don't really discriminate with their mates that much afaik lol

as opposed to things like ceratopsids or thyreophorans, where they have huge obvious weapons and we know their weapons evolved for sexual competition first and foremost

[sick gull]

on the flip end when females produce a lot of young they tend to be bigger

[wind prairie]

that is fair, so I think it's perfectly reasonable to apply larger females on animals with higher clutch sizes. I don't really know the specifics about a lot of dinosaur clutch sizes, but hadrosaurs and sauropods make a lot of eggs tmk

[sick gull]

it's up in the air until we find a female in the middle of carrying eggs and there's some specific feature left in the specimen

[wind prairie]

btw, I swear we have evidence that the oviraptorosaurs that sit on the nest are actually the males?? It would kind of make sense since they are very ratite like and ratites do this iirc

[sick gull]

i know it was assumed that the holotype was eating the eggs found with it

then they figured out it was just brooding on the nest like birds today

[sudden wind]

That's not true as, when it comes to large terrestrial animals, in Probiscians males are larger than females.

[sick gull]

there were also dinosaurs much bigger than elephants. it's just one possibility

[opaque kayak]

I just woke up and missed out on paleochat a convo about a theory believing dinosaurs went to space and are noew returning as aliens and a 25 ton oversized two partial caudal nicknamed leviathanus by a deviantart user

[sick gull]

that was a rick and morty episode

[opaque kayak]

I just scrolled more and found out we had a convo abt spinosaurus swimming, 50% larger t rex and nanotyrannus 🔥

[halcyon cobalt]

my favourite paleo method, judging based on aesthetics

[hallow spear]

It was secretly a male who stole the eggs..

[remote shadow]

At least her exhibit said that she had no injuries as they don’t know why she died

[lost moon]

does anyone know how many/which kinds of stegosaurs were able to move on their hind legs? I know their leg structure supported rearing up and there are some tracks that suggest actual bipedal movement in smaller stegosaurs such as Kentrosaurus

[white matrix]

idk I feel like what causes that is them stepping on their own tracks like how cats do

[ashen wedge]

My best guess is Kentrosaurus

[wind prairie]

that's not really what I meant

I mean there is actual evidence and it just kinda felt natural is what I'm saying

[ashen wedge]

I don’t think any of the stegosaurs would have walked bipedal all of the time, but in the case of Kentrosaurus, the bipedal factor is from when they reared up to reach more plant materials

[lost moon]

of course. it does look like stegosaurs mostly foraged and moved around on four legs. but their back legs are longer than their forelimbs in a similar situation to hadrosaurs, so picturing small stegosaurs walking around on two legs to forage is pretty cool. from some track evidence it even looks like they were able to walk consistently, not just rear up, which is interesting. I’d kind of like to see that in path’s kentrosaurus, though I don’t think it’d serve much gameplay purpose. I’m not sure if much evidence exists for bigger stegosaurs doing this, which is what I was wondering about

[ashen wedge]

I’m certain that most smaller stegosaurs could possibly have done so, although I suppose it’s hard to know for certain

[balmy oyster]

If quetz has the ability to take off via leaping why wouldn’t hatz

[steady rock]

idk something abt it being heavier or summ

[stiff osprey]

At best it would need to do a little gallop before launching to pick up speed, but the point of the quad launch is that the arms catapult the animal fast enough to get off the ground without a run-up

[lost moon]

quad launch is a lot more effective ^

[cloud breach]

Hatz is not that much heavier than quetz to the point it can't take off if at all

[steady rock]

i wasnt the one who said it </3

[cloud breach]

And I didnt say u said it

[steady rock]

no, because we need to fight now

[cloud breach]

?

[stiff osprey]

war

[severe yew]

https://tenor.com/view/fight-me-come-at-bro-ese-rat-gif-16181220

i am ready, anytime!

[pure grove]

How accurate is pk spino

[wary fable]

I have seen a bunch of debate about how fast Tyrannosaurus could run and now I am wondering just how fast is a Tyrannosaurus

[ashen wedge]

If it’s a youngling, faster than a human, if it’s an adult, faster than the average human

[ashen wedge]

Maybe adding in lips, and I’ll say it’s accurate for the time being cause Spinosaurus keeps changing with each new expedition

[pure grove]

Is it accurate to 2025

[severe yew]

looks good to me

[severe yew]

you'll find different estimates depending on where you look

i would say up to around 35 miles per hour is not a bad estimate

.
obviously, the max speed only for very short distances

[undone rapids]

around 20-28ish kph is prob a good range for adult Rexes

56 kph for a 8-10 Tonne guy is probably a bit much considering those are estimates for Jane sized Rexes

[lost moon]

35 might be a bit generous. speed in animals can be hard to measure, though, since they’re not as consistently one speed as machines

regardless, T. rex must have been quick enough to catch up to large herbivorous dinosaurs in a burst. I imagine lunging it would’ve been very fast, possibly even cracking that 30 mph estimate, but running for a distance it seems like most general estimates fall between 15 and 25 mph.

[undone rapids]

pretty sure those are in kph, mph is way faster

[ashen wedge]

I think so, although tail shape might be weird, cause some people can’t decide on some shape, and I won’t know exactly since I haven’t checked Spino’s tail for a long while

[hallow spear]

the shape is pretty clear

[severe yew]

20 to 25 mph is a reasonable estimate for everyday hunting

although 35 mph could still be around its max speed in short bursts

[stiff osprey]

only the juveniles could reach 35 mph, adults would break their legs going over 20 or so

[undone rapids]

yeah, Big theropods weren't really running, just walking as fast as possible. JP1 Rex kinda showed that well in the jeep scene

[hallow spear]

not mph, kmh

why are you just randomly reacting, you were wrong not us lmao

[severe yew]

sue me

[undone rapids]

Pretty sure some estimates get it to around 5.5-7 m/s

[stiff osprey]

https://peerj.com/articles/3420/

~17.2 mph or 27.7 km/h is the most likely speed for an adult, although it could be a few km faster or slower than this depending on the individual

[ancient crystal]

Now that I think about it, do we actually ever see the JP rexes run or is that something that (aside from the speed hammond says they go) something the movies accidentally got right

[fluid inlet]

Cool I walk faster than that

[severe yew]

just one study of many, based on some peoples opinions 🤗

[hallow spear]

the bias from you is crazy. that isnt an opinion thats a mechanically grounded study using a 3d skeleton model with modelled muscles

[severe yew]

the crazy one is you

[undone rapids]

The Animators and Directors probably understood that it looked weightless for something that big to run like smaller theropods

[hallow spear]

am i the delusional one saying an adult rex could run 25mph? dont think so!

[fossil ingot]

Idk man
They actually provide evidence from a Paper using actual 3D Models and Stuff while yours is from "Trust me Bro'

[severe yew]

i said 35 mph, get it right, timmy

[stiff osprey]

not even going to dignify what was said at me with a response

but yeah the JP animators slowed down the jeep in the chase scene because they rightfully thought 32mph rex looked silly

[fossil ingot]

35mph is like impossible for an Adult Rex,
Thats Literally 3mph faster than the Average JW Rex😭

[severe yew]

like i said, just one paper out of many out there

[hallow spear]

90% of the papers agree with the range random siad lmao

[fossil ingot]

Then show your evidence for your claim??
The Paper is Based on 3D Modeling of the Skeletal of the Animal with Modelled Muscle, there has been no other newer paper thats Better than this one
That is quite literally just Poor Bias lol

[severe yew]

wrong

[hallow spear]

@deft sigil Clear troll in this channel, this channel is supposed to be educational. Sea dragon is very clearly trolling and has a history of such

[fossil ingot]

Unless you ignore CC where Rexy consistantly Keeps up with Gallimamus in Speed and Said Mfs are 32mph.
Kinda.

Buck in TLW was also kinda said go be 25-30mph on the Buss Scene

[undone rapids]

Argument Over, I've found the answer

[pure grove]

I think spino got upscaled last week it’s kind of insane

[stiff osprey]

I'm pretty sure there's a paper out there saying elephants could theoretically run 400km/h

[hallow spear]

dont forget 50kmh stegosaurus

[candid ledge]

Please be polite and respectful to other members. If civil discussions cannot be had then mutes will be handed out. Refer to our #rules and channel guidelines.

[pure grove]

145% larger than the neotype

[lost moon]

I… wouldn’t be so quick to dismiss peer-reviewed studies. I was working off of memory, with the general consensus of every study in the last two decades finding that Tyrannosaurus was somewhere from 15-25 mph. that’s a lot of variance, but 25 is an absolute cap by any widely-accepted study. 17 mph is our best estimate for now - and it wasn’t just a randomly-picked number, that’s a solid mechanics study

[pure grove]

Fragmentary but idc I’m a spinotruster

[undone rapids]

Yes, but also its a Toe Bone

[last adder]

This range seems reasonable to me for the kind of animal tyrannosaurus was- just as fast as it needed to be regularly.

[stiff osprey]

mogged by brazilian carcharodontosaurid known from half of a caudal vertebra

[white matrix]

any updated stego skeletals come out yet?

[last adder]

Also sorry if I accidentally pinged*

[hallow spear]

dempsey has one for sophie

[white matrix]

like this month recent?

[hallow spear]

its recent enough, the biggest issue it has is plates but all stego skeletals have that

[white matrix]

can you send me more on this?

[severe yew]

can't wait for more scientific papers about Spino underwater

[white matrix]

send it

@stiff osprey would you be interested in making a zhuchengtyrannus skeletal using the description of a sub adult?

[white matrix]

any edits of this in a neutral pose

[hallow spear]

im in the progress of doing one

[stiff osprey]

too little material on tarbosaurus out there to make a zhucheng skeletal imo

[hallow spear]

the irony is tarbo has so much material known

[white matrix]

^

[stiff osprey]

60 found. none described

[white matrix]

more than that💔 anyways I'll dm you the sub zhucheng if it changes your mind

[pure grove]

Most people pointing me to this page for the source https://www.italianjournalofgeosciences.it/297/article-1220/beyond-the-stromer-s-riddle-the-impact-of-lumping-and-splitting-hypotheses-on-the-systematics-of-the-giant-predatory-dinosaurs-from-northern-africa.html

you can download it and the bone description is page 176 onward

[zealous ravine]

Didn’t someone post a paper describing some zucheng postcrania recently?

[versed karma]

when did they change Atopodentatus's face?

[zealous ravine]

That’s the old interpretation

[white matrix]

not recently, 2010

[stiff osprey]

from what i can tell it's 4 bones and a tooth (most complete zhucheng specimen by far)

[versed karma]

oooh kk, weird that National geographic would use the old interpretation

[white matrix]

a lot more
than that, I sent pictures
scaling the femur its 8 meters

[hallow spear]

a mount doesnt meant its all real btw

[white matrix]

it isnt a mount💔 don't think it was even published

[stiff osprey]

*six bones my apologies

i would say 8m is too small to use adult tarbosaurus as reference, but then again all known tarbosaurus skeletals use an 8m subadult as reference

[white matrix]

6 really good bones🔥

[severe yew]

not bad 👏

[white matrix]

so youre telling me ican ragebait a trexand not even have to run at full speed to get awaya?

[severe yew]

this one is a one weid creature, fr

[undone rapids]

Yup, though you're probably gonna get tired before it(and most theropods tbh)

[lost moon]

you are a pretty quick runner if you think you’re easily topping 17 mph lol

[severe yew]

for any animal, even 20 mph is almost nothing, tbf

[wind prairie]

no. But afaik nanotyrannus could've been one of the few dinosaurs that come near the speed of ornithomimids. I bet that's why they were built like that

[sudden wind]

This is my Roman Empire

[severe yew]

humans average speed is around 10 mph

elephants ave. speed is around 20 mph and these animals can get up to 7 tons

with its very strong legs and size, i wouldn't be surprised if trex could reach 35 mph for very short distances, like in an ambush

[undone rapids]

35 mph, is like ostrich lvls of speed

[wicked vault]

I think there is a point in which muscles arent able to compensate for mass anymore

[fossil ingot]

Elephants also like
Run at 4 legs
You cannot compare a Quadrupedal Mammal Anatomy with a Bipedsl Reptile

[undone rapids]

Those estimates are ussually for guys like this. Extremely leggy, can get airtime and lightly built(relatively).