paleontology

[thorn grove]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576517314996#sec6

This paper found that asteroids 500 meters or smaller would have substantially reduced damage potential if they hit in deep water as the asteroid is rapidly vaporized by the water and only about 1% of its energy is actually transferred into the creation of what are relatively short wavelength tsunamis

I don't know how applicable this is to a Chicxulub sized impactor however since at roughly 10 km it would be nearly 4 orders of magnitude more massive

[stiff osprey]

120 miles

I have redone it using an actual formula and it's closer to 45 thousand square miles

[tough parcel]

That’s even worse

How can you upscale an asteroid crater 😭

[stiff osprey]

for some reason I thought it was 100 miles in diameter and not 120

[thorn grove]

you forgor to use radius instead of diameter, it's a bit over 11,000

[tough parcel]

This is why you’re not invited to the geology center

[opaque kayak]

I remember someone put the Chicxulub asteroid thing into Atom bomb calculator and got a insane blast range

[wind prairie]

the pleistocene's not done, we just changed the cast, lets unleash the beasts AND RELIVE THE PAST

[stiff osprey]

11 is basically the same as 10... i love when i use the wrong methods and get the right result

[opaque kayak]

Funny how Chicxulub was basically a mega-nuke which also happened to carpet bomb the earth in every inch of the surface, and Crocs manage to come out fairly good

[stiff osprey]

God told the crocodylians ''Every animal over 10 kg in mass will be obliterated.''
But they refused

I wonder if the adult crocodylians did actually die but their populations got carried on by the juveniles since there was nothing left to prey on them afterwards

[tough parcel]

Lord of the Flies survival strategy

[wind prairie]

nah crocodilians just got the pass because they were more humble

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/582774675512229891/955961570683404308/final_623943c3a0142700a33d234d_4817.mp4?ex=67c0ec17&is=67bf9a97&hm=8a896594af5d12b5d86ed638aa77704ffe6d3b63bd2da30b4502789eebe5fd09& born in the wrong generation ❄️ 🦣

[frigid delta]

we lived in cenozoic rn, yes?

[wind prairie]

we're in it as we speak

[steady rock]

OMG IM IN THE SAME ERA AS DIMETREDON

[wind prairie]

no?

[steady rock]

i know but i like acting stupid

what ends a era? for the mezoic it was a exinction event and if im right. the same was for the permian?

[wind prairie]

the permian finished off the entire paleozoic with the worst mass extinction event the earth has ever faced
"the great dying" as it's often called, the earth got so clogged up with gases and heated up so badly that earth was just pretty much dead for the forseeable future (tmk)

[steady rock]

right, so for the cenozic to end there would have to be a mass extinction event?

[wind prairie]

I think so. The end of an era usually is marked by a mass extinction event so bad that it drastically changes what kind of organisms are ruling the planet for a while (great dying left open a bunch of niches, led to dinosaurs pretty quickly, and after the KPG asteroid, mammals were more easily thriving in the post-meteor world)

[steady rock]

i wonder what will rule next
if im correct, it was
fish - amphibians - reptiles - dinosaurs ( birds ) - currently mammals

[wind prairie]

tbf there's nothing stopping it from staying the same with mammals or going back to an old one

[thorn grove]

synapsids have gotten a crack at it twice

[steady rock]

Damnit I forgot insects

[opaque kayak]

We are just that based

[thorn grove]

although tbf I'm pretty sure even if you add up both times synapsids were dominant it's so far still less time than archosaurians

[wind prairie]

anyways, if you could be reincarnated at any point of time in earth's history, at any place, but you are now a creature from that time and place, what are your top 5 wants?
personally I'd love to be born a lepidotes in the late cretaceous sea, a teratornis in the late pleistocene of north america, a diictodon/robertia/any small burrowing dicynodont during the permian, an eoraptor in triassic argentina, or a gastornis in the eocene of europe

[thorn grove]

I wanna live now but as a crow

[wind prairie]

why live now as a crow when you can live in the late pleistocene as a crow

[thorn grove]

they didnt have tacos in the late pleistocene

[steady rock]

Would mezoic leeches be the largest?

[wind prairie]

this one may be a bit more dangerous, but reincarnate me born into a hadrosaur megaherd

[wind prairie]

idk about mesozoic ones but
there is an idea that given all the megafauna in the pleistocene, pleistocene leeches would've been enormous

[steady rock]

OMG GET IT AWAY DELETE IT, LEECHES ARE SCARY

[wind prairie]

two medicine formation would be a beautiful life as any creature tbf the only bad thing is we have to acknowledge the pyroclastic flow in the room....

[frigid delta]

idk abt the others
but one thing i know is i wanna be a Rex

[wind prairie]

so you want the riskiest life ever...
personally I'd do anything to be a little creature that can stay out of harm's way and enjoy the world
can't blame you though apex predator is cool

[frigid delta]

no i only want to eat
i will become so hungry i could swallow an Alamo
(Sharptooth moment lol)

[loud wing]

hatzegopteryx/quetz, I can fly and I'm huge enough to be not completely at the bottom of the food chain.
but maybe some smaller pterosaur would be good, too

[rose gate]

Or Be in a simulation you as a dinosaur of chosen with neurolink. (Sword Art online style but you won't die in real life)

[stable sun]

well birds are reptiles.....

[frigid delta]

wikipedia removed Mapu's time range
anyone still remembers what million years Mapu lived?

[brisk quiver]

Lol an adult trike facing rex is already too much for it
Dude was solitary

[snow python]

How big was yutyrannus 8m and 1,5t?

[stable sun]

"Turonian" answers your question

[frigid delta]

not that, Torvo
smth like this
the number

[frigid delta]

ah
the whole turonian?

[frigid delta]

"the Spinosaurus is dead?!"
"yes slams table he DIED!"
"dramatic gasps"

[steady rock]

Anyone got a good titanis skeletal?

[robust crane]

can hadrosaurs and iguanodonts gallop?

[strange umbra]

Depends what day it is

[fluid inlet]

https://tenor.com/view/prehistoric-planet-2-triceratops-fighting-battle-locking-horns-gif-14217640393251658438

[patent mist]

I doubt it. They don't have a lot of space between their front and back legs, most have a massive size disparity between their legs as well. Afaik they don't have much vertical flexibility in the torsoe.
It would make more sense to run on two legs, especially when you get to sizes where your air time becomes limited

[light osprey]

#paleontology message

[robust crane]

why are there no iguanodonts in the late cretaceous

[uncut salmon]

Because they iguano-didnt wanna be there.

(Hehe jokes)

[keen tundra]

Cameron the trex

[steady rock]

Is it true pilot whales have been known to kill orcas?

[fluid inlet]

No

[steady rock]

My fault for trusting tiktok

[stiff osprey]

They don't kill orcas but they do hurt them enough that orcas generally avoid them while hunting other larger whales

[steady rock]

Ooh alright

[fluid inlet]

It’s ironic that everything has come to help each other against orcas because of how OP they are

[bitter oasis]

I understand how the conversation got to this point but reminder to please not post photos or videos containing gore,animals coming to harm or dead animals in this server, thank you!

[stable sun]

Hadrosauridae?

[brisk quiver]

They gathered to fight and mate there

[fluid inlet]

Nice acrocanthosaurus could leap/jump

[floral ivy]

Cool

[spice snow]

You mean two John cenas?

[tough parcel]

Not really

I don't know why the idea of Acro jumping caught on so fast when the (more plausible) idea that it latched onto a panicked, sprinting sauropod and was carried for a step has been around for decades

[fluid inlet]

I’ll take the paleontologist word for it but both sound reasonable.

[tough parcel]

Well the "paleontologist word" is what I just said actually!

The YouTuber's word is that Acro can jump, but nice try. Jumping Acro comes from Clint's Reptiles

[fluid inlet]

The guy talking in the video is a paleontologist, there isn’t no nice try bud.

[tough parcel]

Yea there is because as I said, it's been pretty widely accepted since the trackway was discovered that the theropod was carried a step due to digging into a running sauropod.

If you're holding onto an animal 3x the size of you and you lose your footing for a moment, I'd also wait to put my foot down until I was sure I wouldn't be caught up

As I said, the idea that the Acro jumped onto the sauropod comes from Clint's Reptiles, a Youtuber

[fluid inlet]

https://jurassicjames.com/about/

[stiff osprey]

Acro has the weakest hindlimbs of any large theropod relative to its size (except Spino), if it jumps over a sauropod it's going to break every bone in its legs

[fossil ingot]

Not even Torvo Skipped Leg Day smh

[stiff osprey]

The circumference of Acro's femur is 43 cm, while a similar sized T.rex has a femur circumference of 51 cm. Despite having stronger legs, T.rex was unable to run or jump without breaking its legs, and by extension so was Acro

[white matrix]

This is a parasaurolophus.

[tough parcel]

That's a nice Parasaurolophus you got there

[fluid inlet]

Jumping over a sauropod is crazy, it would be jumping to the side of it , not jumping very high at all and latching on to the animal for however long it did not a very long amount of time I reckon. Either way I take his word for it.

[white matrix]

Thank you

[tulip dove]

Also since Acro was an animal that weighed around 5-6 tons, it jumping just doesn't seem possible

[spice snow]

That's a weird looking trumpet

[fossil ingot]

Even Sucho's Circunference is Higher or we don't know?

[stiff osprey]

''At a point where it crosses the path of one of the sauropods, one of the theropod trackways is missing a footprint, which has been cited as evidence of an attack. However, other scientists doubt the validity of this interpretation because the sauropod did not change gait, as would be expected if a large predator were hanging onto its side.''

Lockley, Martin G. (1991).

[fluid inlet]

Famous YouTuber James Washington , good guy.

[stiff osprey]

So basically he's suggesting Acro, an animal that can't jump, jumped onto the sauropod, but the sauropod just continued walking normally as if it wasn't feeling anything

[tough parcel]

^Many such cases

But also that's really interesting, I wasn't aware of the lack of gait change

[fluid inlet]

What’s the weigh difference? I’m assuming it’s sauroposedion

[tulip dove]

Perhaps the Acrocanthosaurus put its talent points to light weight build...

[tough parcel]

Also I've said it twice now, the jumping theory came about with Clint's Reptiles, a Youtuber, a few months ago

Interestingly enough, that's when all the ideas that Acro can jump started popping up so unless Big Paleo is a hivemind or something, kinda makes you wonder!

[stiff osprey]

couldn't find a version that was uncropped showing the footprints

[fluid inlet]

That’s a bigger size difference than I thought

[stiff osprey]

the Acro looks kinda small, so maybe it's a juvenile? That would make it potentially able to jump

[steady rock]

What was the largest therapod that could jump/leap?

[stiff osprey]

but it wouldn't explain the sauropod not feeling it when who knows how many tons of theropod sinks its claws into its side, even if the sauropod weighs 10x more that's still going to hurt

[tough parcel]

Perhaps if you finished your work, we would see...we kept you alive for a reason...

That sounds like a threat, PoT mods, it's an in-joke

[stiff osprey]

funny timing as I am currently retouching an old skeletal for release
it just isn't Acro

[fluid inlet]

Is this the foot prints

[tough parcel]

The people will take note

[steady rock]

I remember being told a 3.5 ton allo could jump

[stiff osprey]

yup

[fluid inlet]

I need to visit it, it’s in my state. That’s sick.

4 hour drive

[stiff osprey]

also ngl even if it didn't jump, the fact that Acro attacked a sauropod 10 times its own size is still awesome

[tough parcel]

Perhaps it was just scavenging...? After all, theropods could only eat juveniles...

[tulip dove]

Be funny if the Acro just got flung out of existance

[fluid inlet]

Bro had to been starving or just not cared at all about anything

[stiff osprey]

The largest modern animal that can leap is the gaur, which can weigh up to 1.5 tonnes

Rhinos can kind of jump, but it's just bucking basically

[fluid inlet]

Big bend Texas has digging sites I wonder if any are public

[stiff osprey]

So a 3t allo could probably jump but it would be a pretty lame jump

[solemn lily]

It doesn’t really seem to be very plausible that a five tonne theropod could jump.

[steady rock]

So allo wasn't doing this? ( wait for gif to send )

[stiff osprey]

a fully grown Acrocanthosaurus definitely could not, although a younger one could

[steady rock]

https://tenor.com/view/sauropod-allosaurus-running-jumping-animal-gif-17282623

[stiff osprey]

To be fair to WWD, the Allo in that clip is like 5 meters, so sure

an adult one? no way

[steady rock]

Oh it is? Alright then that jump seems more reasonable

[umbral kite]

who wins two pods of orca or a pod of sperm whales

[fluid inlet]

They wouldn’t fight but if they did sperm whales murders them

[stable sun]

Although I'd argue they belonged to something more Sauroposeidon ish than Brachiosaurus ish

[stiff osprey]

probably
Hartman used Brach because a Paluxysaurus skeletal didn't exist then

[steady rock]

Anyone got a accurate vulcanadon depiction?

[tough sleet]

when you say "fight" do you mean the sperm whales or orcas?

[fluid inlet]

The orcas wouldn’t fight the sperm whales

[lavish otter]

Maybe this? (there's like only a few drawings I could find LOL)

[steady rock]

What the hell

[stiff osprey]

well.... the underlying skeleton is accurate but the soft tissue not so much

[tough sleet]

im not 100% but im pretty sure theres documented fights between them

[steady rock]

Got a good skeletal of it?

[stiff osprey]

like i said, proportions are good, soft tissue bad

[tough parcel]

The pursuit predator sauropod

[lavish otter]

Now that I'm seeing that, it kinda looks like they drew over it too

[drifting arch]

I think a Rex would take its chances if the trike was alone or weakened, but not if the ceratopsian was part of a herd.

[white matrix]

Do not sleep on the ceratopsians🙏

[undone rapids]

That does sound mildly uncomfortable

[fluid inlet]

https://www.deviantart.com/theropod1/journal/What-about-MUCPv-95-954828967

[calm agate]

me when the Allo in that clip is stated to be an adult

Given a few assumptions based on sizes given a bit before this scene and how the Dip in that clip compares the the old individual at the end of that scene the Allo's probably a 7-7.5m individual, you've also got to remember that that isn't much of a jump, it looks a lot higher than it is since the Allo rotates its hips upwards and pulls up its left leg for purchase, but hip-height wise it's not too high off and in all honesty is a pretty plausible jump for an Allo of that size to make.

[steady rock]

Oh interesting!

[undone rapids]

I mean.... a 5 meter allo could be an adult, no?

[drifting arch]

Oh I wasn’t trying to imply that ceratopsians are weak, but simply that since an adult Tyrannosaurus rex has a massive bite force, it would probably feel more confident attempting to ambush an isolated ceratopsian and go for a weak point on the backside rather than fight something of that caliber directly or in a herd.

[drifting arch]

I will always believe in the pouncing capabilities of Allosaurus 🙏

[stiff osprey]

me when 5 meter adult Allo in real life

The Diplos at that point are stated to be 12 meters long, so allo can't be more than 6m

[manic grail]

Is it true that parasaurolophus was 140 decibels loud

[outer tusk]

What about this one

[fluid inlet]

I asked Darius Nau about the speed calculations of T. rex and giganotosaurus and I was wrong so I can admit when I am and apologize for it.

I wouldn’t trust any kind of concrete speed estimate to be honest. However, "6 mph" is too low.
Osteological evidence clearly suggests giant theropods, especially Tyrannosaurids, had more cursorial adaptations than similar-sized elephants (non-columnar limbs with digitigrady and flexed posture, larger limb muscles), and elephants can at least approach, if not exceed, 20 km/h, which suggests that giant theropods must have been capable of at least that.

The open question is, how much more? And whether their more cursorial limb proportions translated into superior athletic potential such as the ability to run properly, with an airborne phase, or whether they were just there to enhance safety factors or efficiency.

In direct comparison with Giganotosaurus, Tyrannosaurus has the more cursorial limb proportions and larger (proximal) limb muscles, suggesting that it was likely faster and more efficient at top speed. However the differences are likely not exactly huge.
There is some evidence that suggests giant carcharodontosaurs may have been more geared towards stability (dorsally located femoral head allowing a wider stance/more lateral abduction of the hindlimb, and lighter skull and head making the animal less top-heavy) rather than speed and agility.

Seeing how Giganotosaurus was probably typically heavier than T. rex, T. rex being "heavy" ceases to be an argument one way or another.

• Darius

[stiff osprey]

Yeah that checks out, rex was likely faster but the difference would be so minimal it wouldn't really matter

[fluid inlet]

@stiff osprey

[stiff osprey]

We're good, I apologize for being rude in that convo

forgot the mods censored the d word lmao

[drifting arch]

Allosaurus jimmadseni - by Joanna_Kobierska, I really love this representation of an Allosaurid and I feel the skin is probably fairly accurate realistically. https://www.artstation.com/artwork/b5wXxE I'm curious about the crests though, I've noticed in more recent interpretations of Allosaurids, they're putting a split-heart shaped crest over the eyes. It's making me wonder if Paleontology speculates that Allosaurids would flush blood to their crests to create intimidation displays.

[wind prairie]

oh good grief no it wasn't
we went over this in another server. The average rex is larger than the average trike

[spice snow]

FINALLY SOMEBODY SAYS WHO MADE THAT ALLOSAURUS

[tough sleet]

i think he might be a trike fan

[fluid inlet]

Deinocherius in a Texas fight is crazy

[halcyon cobalt]

T rex solos

[drifting arch]

o...o you're....you're welcome??? I just really like artists on Artstation, a lot of them really speak to my inner prehistoric nerdism. I'm not the best at remembering, but I wanted to make sure to give credit for the art.

I just saw this and it blew my mind the scaling size of a triceratops!

[brisk quiver]

Larger and? Doesn't mean it won't die from one goring attack
Larger = easier to hit and less agile

The larger the rex - the worse it is when its opponents face it
Will also suffer more if edmonto or trike knocks it down, prob a lot of broken bones and internal bleeding

[scenic flame]

I don't think you need to go into that much detail, Mass is the primary deciding factor of a confrontation in nature, however having 3 forward facing and slightly up facing horns would be a frontal confrontation very difficult.
iirc we do have evidence of a tyrannosaurus biting a triceratops horn, seemingly trying to wrestle with it?

[drifting arch]

They’re surprisingly around the same length, but Triceratops was a thick-boned herbivore of very robust proportions.

[brisk quiver]

Trex fanboys need to understand that smaller, agile predators are more capable of taking large prey than large, clumsy ones.
Tiger is known to kill elephants and rhinos, while eating gaurs regularly
Cougar brings down guanacos
While rex dies to triceratops smaller than itself.

[drifting arch]

Leopards are also known for grappling and dealing a decisive blow to the skull of crocodiles.

[scenic flame]

https://tenor.com/view/hmm-undecided-jeff-goldblum-speechless-i-cant-gif-16009127

[brisk quiver]

https://www.myfossil.org/featured-fossil-triceratops-vs-tyrannosaurus/

[drifting arch]

I love Jeff Goldblum, such a great actor and if I’m not mistaken, isn’t he a paleontology enthusiast?

[brisk quiver]

Well rex lost that one since that horn is healed. Dude was prob desperate, attacking an adult

[tough parcel]

Might be thinking of Nick Cage? He's the one who had the Tarbosaurus skull and I haven't heard anything w/ Goldblum

[scenic flame]

Triceratops tmk is generally regarded as a prey animal for Tyrannosaurus, I find it illogical that you argue that rex can't predate an adult be tiger don't hunt animal larger than themselves, despite the fact they do.
Triceratops being a prey animal doesn't make it not dangerous or a big risk to go after, being a predator is always a dangerous way of life.

[keen yew]

The pack of archeroraptor that take down a full grown edmontosaurus in question:

[tough parcel]

This is the first time I've seen that Jurassic Fight Club episode mentioned ever

[drifting arch]

This is actually very fascinating, though it begs the question of why would a Tyrannosaurus Rex aim to bite onto the horn of a Triceratops? Does a Tyrannosaurus Rex know to instinctively dismantle the weaponry of a target, or perhaps was it going to grapple the horn and throw down the Triceratops? Also, how grown was the Tyrannosaurus Rex? Was it a full adult or a young sub-adult getting bold?

[keen yew]

By all intensive purposes it's fully meant to be a funny jab

[scenic flame]

I also do not understand why you'd come to the conclusion that smaller, more gracile animals are better adapted to take down large prey than a larger more robust predator, that's not how it works at all, if you're referring to wolves they can take down such large prey due to pack hunting and cooperation.

[fluid inlet]

I think most conception is adult triceratops kills or runs off T. rex which I find to be true. More times than not.

But the likely that is more likely to happen is T. rex trying to get a baby\Adol or weak and very sick triceratops.

[tough parcel]

Still, I've only heard the episode mentioned in regards to the Dromaeosaurus hand signals

[scenic flame]

Predators will always go for the most disadvantaged animals available

[brisk quiver]

Funny enough the only evidence of rex actually killing something big is that dueling dinosaurs fossil where rex also died
Others are either healed wounds or scavenging behavior
@keen yew acheroraptors are not built for large prey
@scenic flame who says its not a prey animal? I say adults were close to being invulnerable to predation from rex

[keen yew]

Ah yes raptor hand signals, so cinema not even jurassic park could think of it

[tough parcel]

Fortunately the raptors know who the real ALPHA and KING of the Cretaceous is and back off 💪

[brisk quiver]

I said about solo predators lol, tiger did in fact kill an adult elephant alone
And an asian rhino

[fluid inlet]

Yeah I know that, I’m saying that’s what would likely happen than the odds of an adult Tyrannosaurus rex ever taking on an adult triceratops both healthy and primed.

[sullen cairn]

this feels like a catch 22 but like it still doesnt make sense

[scenic flame]

I'm being advised by my lawyer to not continue that debate

[brisk quiver]

That was prob a very desperate rex trying to fight head on with the trike and eventually loosing

[tough parcel]

Anyways, I'm excited for the revalidation of Nanotyrannus

[brisk quiver]

As you want.

[fluid inlet]

Imagine having to be the one to try to break up this fight.

[sullen cairn]

i think yall should continue im pretty sure its bait but it'd be fun to watch

[steady rock]

girl bye trike is a amarga victim

[scenic flame]

[tough parcel]

I still need Vivid for my nefarious plans later

[brisk quiver]

What in particular? Find evidence of rex killing large prey, not ~1 ton animals found in its coprolites

[drifting arch]

Desperation for food amongst apex carnivores is not uncommon, as even Tyrannosaurus Rex would have to compete with its own species for territory and resources. Older Tyrannosaurid bulls probably chased out aggressively younger males or killed them as a display of dominance.

[brisk quiver]

Considering the density of rex's bones they had hard times competing over food, dude was the second most abundant animal

[steady rock]

whos the first, edmonto?

[sullen cairn]

in the hit 1993 film jurassic world the tyrannosaurus rex kills the indominus rex which suggests its genetically predispositioned to hunt large prey

[brisk quiver]

Triceratops

[steady rock]

is trike really more abundant then edmonto?

[fluid inlet]

God dammit table spoons

[tough parcel]

No because this is fossil bias

Fossilization cannot really be used as a population indicator because if (x) animals prefers bad fossilization habitat, they'll appear to be rarer

[scenic flame]

extensive empirical evidence suggests this assertion to be logical

[drifting arch]

Respectfully, last time I checked, movies are not where paleontology bases all its facts from >.<

[brisk quiver]

Well more abundant animals def preserve in bigger numbers

[fluid inlet]

Spinosaurus still #1

[tough parcel]

Actually according to hit 2015 movie Godzilla (2014), bigger animals will preserve better than smaller animals

And ones that die in a cave will preserve

[scenic flame]

there is no ecosystem outside aquatic ones where predators make up a large fraction of the population or biomass compared to herbivores

[fluid inlet]

I like the Torvosaurus allosaurus heated debates better

[steady rock]

how abt the sahara desert? the one with fennec foxes

[brisk quiver]

Yeah thats the point, rex prob went mostly for young which were abundant esp in triceratops with their r-strategy

[scenic flame]

I don't think I'm familiar enough with that one to speak on it, but I'd heavily question what kind of prey base those foxes are living off

[steady rock]

isnt rex built to take down large prey tho?

[scenic flame]

that doesn't help the argument at all, there would still be too many predators compared to prey if you continue to assert the fossil record is an accurate way of deducing ecosystem make-up

[brisk quiver]

Young triceratops is still big for only rex to be able to hunt it

[scenic flame]

should assume there's a greater population of tyrannosaurus than all bird species in hell creek?

[brisk quiver]

Were talking about large animals, small preserve worse
There's no reason edmontosaurus will preserve worse being same sized

[drifting arch]

I think our world’s terrestrial ecosystems are roughly similar in distribution between carnivorous and herbivorous fauna though right??

[sullen cairn]

this is why there's twice the number of unarticulated hadrosaur elements than ceratopsids

[outer tusk]

what happen to this channel bruh

[steady rock]

the triceratops nation attacked...

[brisk quiver]

In Hell Creek? Source please

[scenic flame]

except for the kind of habitat they select being less likely to allow for fossilization, random chance, the general precedent accepted by the vast majority of researches that preservation bias is a strong factor

[brisk quiver]

Hell Creek was not so diverse in biomes for preservation being THAT different

[outer tusk]

Ojoceratops!

[steady rock]

thats nedoceratops...

[brisk quiver]

Ok 41k teeth, while one edmonto had more than 100...

[drifting arch]

Why do people only ever share snippets of taken-out-of-context information on a site, instead of sending the actual source link when asked?

[scenic flame]

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=825492672911372&id=100063519399883&set=a.130441245749855
not to mention that slow moving river are significantly better at preserving than a forested area, Hell Creek is that diverse because you're overestimate how diverse a formation would need to be for it to be a factor

[sullen cairn]

do you know what the word articulated means

[steady rock]

i dont :(

[brisk quiver]

Rex was also prob forced to move everywhere to feed itself

[scenic flame]

I really don't think teeth are reliable alone in the slightest since one animal can produces hundreds in it's lifetime

[sullen cairn]

thats fair https://www.aaps-journal.org/pdf/JPS.C.2019.01a.pdf

[fluid inlet]

We here now.

[brisk quiver]

Nothing "articulated" in your text

[steady rock]

https://tenor.com/view/nigel-marven-bob-rod-arthur-prehistoric-park-triceratops-gif-26255093

[drifting arch]

Thank you, it’s just a pet peeve I particularly have because I honestly want to read and be better informed.

[brisk quiver]

That's not about edmonto dude did u even read your own text

[scenic flame]

?

[drifting arch]

They’re so cute

[steady rock]

trike wanna say others cant read when he cant read either

[scenic flame]

the last part is very important too

[brisk quiver]

Wheres articulated again?
It only goes for rex and trike in that piece of text

[brisk quiver]

Poor edmontosaurus nobody likes it? 😦

[scenic flame]

why would it matter, unless you mean in regards to it being uncertain if a number of bones belonged to one individual or were all from seperate ones.

[drifting arch]

Excuuuuuuuuuse me, I’m right here >w< Edmontosaurus is literally one of my all time favorite herbivores I never shush about XD

[steady rock]

whats the more overrated formation, morrison or hell creek

[brisk quiver]

Edmonto is very cool
Sadly it lived in Hell Creek so rex gets all the attention there 😦

[fluid inlet]

Magnapaulia >>>>

[brisk quiver]

Ofc its hell creek, Morrison at least has some cool interspecific interactions between herbivores and carnivores (bit stego plate and injured allo vertebra) while HC is like "rex biting everything but it survives and heals"

[drifting arch]

The first Edmontosaurus fossils were found in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in southern Alberta. The fossils were named Edmontosaurus regalis in 1917; I main Edmontosaurus Regalis btw on Community Servers. A skull and partial skeleton was found in the Wood Mountain plateau in southern Saskatchewan. Then fossils of Edmontosaurus annectens have been found in the Lance Formation, South Dakota. My big beautiful hadrosaurs were all over the place!

[brisk quiver]

Hard to not be all over the place when youre one of the most successfull herbivores out there

[drifting arch]

Edmontosaurus is one of the best-studied dinosaurs from North America, there’s been some fossils found in Tennessee that paleontologists speculated to be possibly Edmontosaurus as well.

[brisk quiver]

U got it camara!

Btw are there really 40+ ton camarasaurus specimens?
C. grandis

[stiff osprey]

no, the biggest one is C.supremus and at most it reaches ~30t

[brisk quiver]

Or C. supremus, idr really

The largest species, C. supremus, reached a maximum length of 18 meters (59 ft) - 23 m (75 ft) and, a maximum estimated weight of 47 metric tons (51.8 tons).[38] In 2016, Gregory S. Paul estimated its weight at 23 metric tons (25.4 tons),[39] whereas in 2020, John Foster estimated its weight at 42.3 metric tons (46.6 tons).[31]

[light osprey]

Perhaps all the small tyrant lizards simply didn’t fossilise….

[fluid inlet]

https://youtube.com/shorts/K6Yy9pyvjAk?si=u76qRKwMn5uFB0MU

@ everyone

[drifting arch]

This makes me so happy

[drifting arch]

Oh these disturbed me greatly, I hope this is not what they actually looked like.

[tacit pine]

did cryo have lips?

[winter marsh]

no, it had wings and a frost breath

[tacit pine]

https://tenor.com/view/lebron-james-shocked-face-shocked-lakers-gif-18243181517423877582

[zealous ravine]

The discussion is largely over but I wanted to point out that Triceratops numbers are also likely inflated by the fact that most ceratopsian postcrania from the fm have been assigned to Triceratops automatically, when many likely belong to Torosaurus.

[zealous ravine]

Most likely yes, same with all dinosaurs with the possible exception of spinosaurus, but that’s a whole nother discussion

[tacit pine]

k

[zealous ravine]

I really hope this is posted online, it would be a shame to have it be exclusive to people in the area

[brisk quiver]

Thats interesting btw

So we have a lot more torosaurus actually?

[zealous ravine]

Maybe, the truth is we won’t know until more work is done

[sullen cairn]

the real question is how much supposed edmontosaurus material represents augustynolophus

[old river]

Do you guys know if the current Eotrike is accurate ? if not do you have some picture for an accurate one ?

[zealous ravine]

Lmao

[drifting arch]

Not sure if this is updated anymore, there's not a lot of size scalings of Eotriceratops, and a lot of them are biased re-interpretations sadly.

[balmy oyster]

no and here's the current most accurate sizing

it's still a pretty large animal but triceratops is still larger

[drifting arch]

Perhaps if you asked Alderon Games very nicely, they might have references that they used for their Eotriceratops model and might be willing to share them.

[frigid delta]

Rex broking Trike's horn and use it to stab the Trike (love me sm moment when weapons kills its own master):

[balmy oyster]

pretty sure they either also upscaled a trike to eotrike's skull or used a older skeletal

[compact leaf]

they used an older skeletal yeah, it’s basically scaled using the skull which is why it’s so big (eotriceratops is just a bobble head)

[old river]

so the head was pretty much larger ?

[outer tusk]

I ❤️ saurophaganax

[scenic flame]

more like the body was smaller, Eotrike has a proportionally large head compared to it's body, compared to triceratops, older recons gave them the same proportions. PoT added eotrike before this mistake was corrected

[balmy oyster]

Basically the same thing but yes

[outer tusk]

Average POT L ( trust )

[scenic flame]

yeah I just think that the distinction needed to be made since someone could mis interpret it as "eotrike didn't get smaller, it's head just got bigger", which would be an avenger's level threat

[old river]

That unfortunate, It looked so good with these proportions, I didn't understood the second part, wdym by "recons"

[outer tusk]

Recon is a shorten of the word Reconstruction which is a prefix,and a suffix

[scenic flame]

recons is just short for "reconstructions"

also this is the best recon for eotrike rn #paleontology message

[balmy oyster]

Oh yeah true

[old river]

So it's Trike sized (like 9m long, for 9 tons) but it's head is bigger compared to trike's ?

[outer tusk]

It's smaller than trike

[scenic flame]

no, Eotrike is about 7 meters long and 5 tons

[balmy oyster]

Oh my god @scenic flame you JUST said something about this 😭 😭

[old river]

Mb I didn't understood xD

[old river]

Sooooo, if I understood correctly (which is unlikely) Eotrike has similar sized head as Trike but onto an smaller body ? (pls don't hit me)

[outer tusk]

Eotrike as already said suffers from bobbleheadness,as it's smaller than the largest trike and closer in size to smaller trike specimens

[balmy oyster]

I will PUNCH YOU

jk, but yes eotrike has smaller body than previously thought, the skull should still be around the same size as before

[scenic flame]

old eotrike had the same proportions as triceratops, this made people think it was 10 meters long, new eotrike was found to have a really big head compared to it's body, which shrunk it to 7 meters long

old (left)
new (right)

[old river]

Alr thx, Hope Path would let it be unaccurate for game sake, I would looks soo dumb with a bigass head like that x)

[light osprey]

I don’t think 9 meter long Triceratops are all that common

[old river]

is it ?

[balmy oyster]

PoT doesn’t care for accuracy, you have carnotaurus labeled as a different species & a lipped plesiosaur

[frigid delta]

what's wrong with lipped Kaiwhekea?
seems fine for me? or am i just have a neutral opinion abt it

[balmy oyster]

Pretty sure plesiosaurs & pliosaurs don’t have anything supporting lip coverings, especially with how the teeth are usually situated

[outer tusk]

what the fish said

[frigid delta]

so messy teeths instead being covered by lips (which by me seems cool tho)

[balmy oyster]

What

[old river]

I mean it doesn't looked that bad, the head is just HUGE which makes it less appealing to me

[compact leaf]

most plesiosaur teeth make lips pretty much impossible so it’s safer to assume that liplessness is the base condition

[frigid delta]

so like this kind of teeth irl?

[tacit pine]

is this skeletal accurate for cryo? its like a less shrink wrapped virsion but idk if its good or not

[frigid delta]

wouldn't the sea salt hurt their flesh gum or?

[balmy oyster]

No

@tacit pine I think the skull might have some issues

[tacit pine]

oh boy, do u have any up to date skeletals?

[outer tusk]

yeah idk what would make it NOT accurate though as for the most part all known cryolophosaurus skeletals are very much usable

[balmy oyster]

There’s this one, the skull is more in line with other related

[tacit pine]

ah alr thank god.

[outer tusk]

then again we are missing part of the tip of the snout

[fluid inlet]

This is more accurate

[tacit pine]

thanks, any other skeletals similar to this?

[frigid delta]

i remember when i was abt 8 or 10 when i thought Cryo breaths ice after finding out that it lived in Antartica

[balmy oyster]

Maybe, though I don’t have any else on me

[tacit pine]

ah alr

[frigid delta]

ah yes
Dilo, Mono, and Cryo
just wait till they find Trilophosaurus

[balmy oyster]

Those can but the poses & soft tissue need editing

@frigid delta mono is a little closer to these two than you’d think

[outer tusk]

this is monolophosaurus

[tacit pine]

so it just scotts that are outdated?

[frigid delta]

who is the middle?
@balmy oyster Trilophosaurus when 🥺

[balmy oyster]

Sinosaurus

the great paleontology channel clearing

[old river]

Hold on, so the modded one is accurate then right ?

[balmy oyster]

can you show me which modded one you're referring to?

[steady rock]

how accurate is this campto?

[fluid inlet]

Ingentia prima>>>>

[balmy oyster]

cartilage here is a little odd, but this skeletal should be quite accurate

[tough parcel]

It’s not Camptosaurus

[old river]

that one

[frigid delta]

anyone wanna talk abt Ammonites?

[steady rock]

oh im blind as hell....

[outer tusk]

camptosaurus

[balmy oyster]

hm, yea this looks good

[fluid inlet]

That look like the triceratops from isle

[outer tusk]

I like Rahiolisaurus

[old river]

Tbf I like the high stance of path's one, the higher neck angle... this is what I prefer about Eotrike in path. The mod would have been goated like that

Also the snoot and lower jaw were better on base game eo

[drifting arch]

The Isle Legacy honestly had the best Triceratops model I'd ever seen

[outer tusk]

That looks like Triceratops from the Late Cretaceous of North America

[fluid inlet]

Never change kuitaran

[old river]

Evrima's is not different is it ?

[balmy oyster]

you can prefer it but that doesn't make it accurate

as for the skull, since the skull is incomplete you can get different reconstructions of the skull

[fluid inlet]

Baby bonus

[drifting arch]

That GIF is from The Isle "Legacy" not Evrima. I started in The Isle as a Trike Main, I recognize that model anywhere

[balmy oyster]

legacy TI was peak

[old river]

this one is way better

[fluid inlet]

Path of titans drop the ball with going with eo instead of the legendary triceratops of North America anyways

[drifting arch]

All the babus, we called them "lil Potatoes"

[balmy oyster]

should've chosen Torosaurus, we have little representation of it in media

[fluid inlet]

Great option as well

[old river]

Did they change it for Evrima ? the one featured on those screen is from Evrima hordetest, It will be playable soon enough

[frigid delta]

what species?

[tough parcel]

2nd one was on wonky animations in regards to EVRIMA Trike

[balmy oyster]

prob horridus due to the smaller nasal horn

[fluid inlet]

I’m sorry but downgrade downgrade downgradeeeeeee wtf

[drifting arch]

It's either Torosaurus or Utahceratops for me

[small geyser]

Can I pet that dog in the right picture?

[old river]

Pretty sure it's Horridus, mainly for the straighter horns and smaller snoot horn

[tough parcel]

Prorsus didn’t have downturned horns like Saurian

It’s (another) inaccuracy perpetrated by the Saurian game

[drifting arch]

They might've used the same old model from Legacy, but it looks like in Evrima they made it have a more "upright" posture with their head. Not sure if that is realistic...but it still looks majestic nonetheless.

[balmy oyster]

to be fair saurian's like, 7 years old now and barely gets any development

[old river]

Screen were made on lower end system with low texture + it's in test so not yet released

[tough parcel]

Gonna say this again with a reply, but the 2nd/right hand image is old and on the wrong animation set

[old river]

are they ? Someone upload them like 5h ago; also prosus has straight horns now ?

@fluid inlet what are the species on this picture like Torosaurus, Styra and trike ?

[tough parcel]

The Trike update was like last night so whoever sent it is lagging behind a little

[frigid delta]

what are the chance Trike would ram me?
asking cuz despite being their fan i'm also afraid of them

[old river]

Interesting for the keratin on the horns, I hope we get a like at the trike tomorrow on hordetest

[balmy oyster]

I think the chance is very low. being dead for 66 million years does that to someone.

[fluid inlet]

Isle been dropping bombs lately

[old river]

this torosaurus would have been 🔥

[frigid delta]

wasn't blue the most rarest color in large animal like Toro?

[balmy oyster]

blue is generally just a rare color in nature due to something something hard to produce

[fluid inlet]

Well I wouldn’t worry too much about realistic accuracy in skin patterns when it comes to path of titans

[frigid delta]

would non avian dinos collect Pebble like their avian counter part did? (i forgot the bird tho)

[elfin pulsar]

I love that model I just think it’s colors are goofy

[balmy oyster]

Eh? You probably mean the Adele penguin but still what?

[frigid delta]

would dinos collect rocks and pebbles?

[fluid inlet]

You meant consume

[balmy oyster]

Would dinos build boats out of trees?

[frigid delta]

if they have enough intelligent, you'll get a dino version of Noah

[old river]

Sorry for the blue color guys, I just wanted to showcase the figurine, not particularly the color...
@elfin pulsar they got an "normal" one too

[balmy oyster]

Maybe Dino Noah built a spaceship instead because he was just that smart and that’s why we don’t have any fossil evidence of non avian dinosaurs anytime after the extinction event

[frigid delta]

no
collect
like for their nest or mate as a gift

[balmy oyster]

On a more serious note, it could be possible for smaller social dinosaurs though I doubt a large ceratopsian or hadrosaur would be doing the same

[frigid delta]

do u think Velo would do it?

[balmy oyster]

Probably not, I don’t think it lived in an area abundant with loose pebbles

[hallow spear]

Yes, they told me

[old river]

Let's prey to* every divinity and alderon gods that those new TLC doesn't end up being new Dasp (the base one looks fine but the other subspe looks ... ew)
(TLC I refer to are Styra, Eo and Bars)

[tough parcel]

Pray to*

What you’re saying is we hunt down (and potentially eat) every divinity and Alderon gods

[hallow spear]

I concur

[steady rock]

what would be the smallest sauropod in the morrison?

[frigid delta]

Dasp Profundis should be replaced with Dasp Wilsoni

[balmy oyster]

I can trust you, everyone knows stegosaurs for their large brain size

[hallow spear]

This is a great question, Mayhaps Kaatedocus

[steady rock]

damn its tiny as hell

[old river]

I meant that there were ugly as hell (I may be harsh here but they look meh and not realistic)

[frigid delta]

tbh Astrodon, Cardiodon, Vulcanodon, & Daeodon sounds like a Pokemon name

[balmy oyster]

Here’s another skeletal

[hallow spear]

I’d trust Wikis depiction more than that ngl
An ever better one is what fishy posted though

[frigid delta]

oh... that's lipless in my reply
pls, i no wanna see lipless (teeth buldging out) 🥺💔

[old river]

thx mate

Also, How do we recons the Barsboldia, it looks odd to me, it's not bad but out of the ordinary for an Saurolophinae (more on the edmontosaurus side of the family* cuz there are some that looked like that I suppose but also it looks off for one of the giant of this group)

[old river]

Ah, nothing for the head, I guess it's up to speculation

[fluid inlet]

Is this all the bars material available or just this specific specimen material

[balmy oyster]

It’s pretty much depending on where it fits phylogenetically

In this reconstruction it’s in a position near saurolophus

[old river]

hope the TLC make it look like that, it's more inlined with edmontosaurus and Shantung and looks fantastic

[fluid inlet]

Surely there was much better peer reviewed big hardosaurus to add to path of titans than bars ,

[balmy oyster]

Yeah, shantungo would’ve been perfect

They shouldn’t have bothered adding barsboldia if they removed the one thing that it was known for.

[old river]

Which one do you have in mind ?

[fluid inlet]

Me personally I’m a big Magnapaulia fan.

[fossil ingot]

We have Big Hadros.
X-Rex size Edmonto
Magnapaulia
Shant.
Pretty sure Sauroplophus itself can be large

[fluid inlet]

I love Magnapaulia

[old river]

which being ? + There was a wish of separating from the isle and Shantung was in it

Magnapaulia would have been a top tier Pick, maybe it was to close to lambeo (look wise) and chose something else

[fossil ingot]

Thats 19t Shnat right?
The Lad based on a Femur iirc

[balmy oyster]

The big sacrum/caudal spine it has

Magna would be goated to see in a game

[old river]

Charonosaurus would also have been a huge W, cuz it's a HUGE para (para is 🔥)

there is the sacrum on bars in game, I'm pretty sure it's there at least*

[fluid inlet]

Enter Magnapaulia aka Big Paul. 👑

[balmy oyster]

Charono isn’t that much larger compared to the para species, but it is also the biggest (2nd biggest depending on what you think of assorted crysto/related material in the kaiparwots I think I spelled it wrong)

As for barsboldia, form what I’ve seen it looks minimal compared to how it was irl

[fossil ingot]

Funny

@fluid inlet thats POT'S Bars

[fluid inlet]

Shantungosaurus in the background?

[outer tusk]

POT barsboldia

[balmy oyster]

PoT on its way to do something inaccurate for no reason

[old river]

You are going to far there, i'm unedicated on most of the hadrosaurs, too much to see

[fossil ingot]

Duck jumpscare

[balmy oyster]

True, hadrosaur phylogeny can get a bit awkward sometimes

[fossil ingot]

Hatz is funny

Funny Lad

[fluid inlet]

Why did they say Hatz has a much more robust neck than Quetz if I don’t see no neck bones

[old river]

Just recently acknowlegde (only term I remembered lol) the existence of Saurophalinae as edmontaurus & co group

I'd say for Bars model : "let them cook" unfortunately the chef is in a coma and his assistant now run the cuisine.
Hope he cook well for this hadrosaur... Pls don't mess it up.

[fossil ingot]

Cause theres Material refered to it.
But they aren't exactly Hatz itself.
What you see there is what actually Hatz has

[old river]

Am I the only one thinking that PoT hatz is messed up ?

[fluid inlet]

My whole life a lie

[fossil ingot]

Kinda
Oversized, weird a Neck. But its not so bad like Thala

[fossil ingot]

This is Hat based on that Material that ain't Hatz 100%

[old river]

Thala look Ok-ish, I just thought that Hatz’s legs are too long and the neck too short.

So it’s oversized ? By a good bit or it’s 1 or 2 m ?

[fossil ingot]

Its Taller than PT Quets Basically.
And PT Quetz is as tall as this lad

[outer tusk]

here's the actual material

[fluid inlet]

Wait so would this mean this is another huge pterosaur that is currently unnamed ?

[fossil ingot]

I posted it before but yeah.

[old river]

So it’s too tall but about it’s wingspan ?

Oh and what’s wrong with thala ?

[fossil ingot]

It been To Tall and Big Makes its Wing Spam to Big to.
This is Fat Hatz but it kinda works I Guess?
If not just Use Quetz but likely smaller

[old river]

So now it’s sure that Quetz is the king of skies, like Hatz is nowhere near it size now ?

[fluid inlet]

Height doesn’t equal bigger

[outer tusk]

Hatz and Quetz northropi are the same size

[old river]

True, mb

What’s wrong with Thalassodromeus ?

[tacit pine]

Is that the most up to date pycno skeletal and is there a top view?

[stiff osprey]

it is about twice the dimensions of real thal

[fossil ingot]

Yes and Sadly no Top View tmk, prob still around 2.7t like before tho

[tacit pine]

Ah alr

[old river]

😨 can’t they for once take the animal that meet the size requirements ? Like there surely is a pterosaurs that is big enough right ?

[drifting arch]

Which Ceratopsian would Allosaurids most likely hunt the juvenile offspring of since it is noted that Allosaurids hunted a wide variety of juveniles belonging to large contemporaneous (same time period) herbivores such as Stegosaurids and Sauropods (fossils were found near Diplodocus, Apatosaurus, and Camarasaurus remains), meaning they would definitely take their chances as a pack against a herd to snatch a young defenseless target.

[balmy oyster]

We have evidence of allosaurus hunting mature stegosaurus so I believe that some allo’s would definitely take their chances with larger ceratopsians

[drifting arch]

Though that naturally comes with a lot of risk, considering a herd small group of Stegosaurids have the potential to impale an Allosaurid or slice them up. I'm just curious as to what species of Ceratopsian would Allosaurid most likely take its chances against if it needed to hunt them.

[thorn grove]

Is there evidence of herding behavior in stegosaurus? I don't remember that being the case

[drifting arch]

Sorry, I should've specified "small groups", not herds, as Stegosaurids are more isolatory then most herbivores.

[balmy oyster]

Hm, I feel like ceratopsians on the more medium side with lesser frills like anchiceratops and centrosaurus

[topaz shell]

Attacking the head ain’t the same no more

[drifting arch]

Anchiceratops is a pretty interesting species of ceratopsian from what I'm reading. "In 1959, Wann Langston Jr. suggested that Anchiceratops engaged in a semi-aquatic lifestyle. The long snout would have allowed the animal to cross deeper swamps walking, catching breath on the water's surface and the heavy frill would have acted as a counterbalance to help point the beak upwards."

[frigid delta]

i remember this guy losing over Para
https://youtu.be/7Y0cnt3Tqyw?si=skKZcJ6meNVsc0li

[hallow spear]

Stegosaurs do herd, why’d you cross it out

[drifting arch]

I do like this artist's interpretation of Anchiceratops https://www.deviantart.com/abelov2014 as it does appear more realistic.

[hallow spear]

It’s relevant to say we technically don’t know whether this is the directly implication

[drifting arch]

because as Oogma pointed out, there's no substantial evidence that anyone knows of that suggests herding, other then very small group remains.

[hallow spear]

Yes, there is though.. there’s a lot actually Hesperosaurus, stegosaurus, kentrosauurs all have large amounts of evidence, all over 15 individuals which is enough for a herd and not a “small group”

[drifting arch]

Well if you're willing to share with us source links to such findings, I'll gladly be corrected and fix my message.

[hallow spear]

Saitta, 2014 (Sexual dimorphism thesis) for Hesperosaurus, Kentrosaurus source can be found on wiki it is a bonebed genus, Stegosaurus are in various old studies I’d need to find the name again, then there are footprints from last year which have direct implications of herding behaviour (will find link to this rn)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-64298-9#citeas

It’s also relevant to say that this isn’t the only evidence for it, just the ones I remember from the top of my head

[thorn grove]

it was less me pointing it out and more of a question, I genuinely didn't know lol

[hallow spear]

There is evidence of mixed aged herds for stegosaurus, so if anything they are more social. But adding o to their message, stegosaurs are not “more isolated species”

[hallow spear]

That’s wrong btw, as I literally told you the source of one other instance

[drifting arch]

That is from the article you sent here

[hallow spear]

I’m aware I’ve read it, and I’m saying that it says “it’s only been hypothesised for x and y” is wrong as it’s not the only instance.

[drifting arch]

Can we have other source links then please?

[hallow spear]

I sent you the citing I don’t have the link on hand it’s. It not hard to find I sent you the name, the author and the date

[drifting arch]

I'm sorry, but I can't go off of heresay to support evidence in any discussion. While I could look up the sources myself (which I have a little bit and everything states so far Stegosaurids are more solitary), I would like to know your sources since you are passionately stating that there is substantial evidence disproving them being isolationists.

[hallow spear]

I did not say it was substantial I just said there was evidence and then linked the exact citing of other instances

Also it’s probably likely the paper is referring purely to trackway references

Idk how lazy you have to be to just not search up the source I sent but I’ll do it for you since you think it’s heresy

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0123503

Bonebeds themself are direct references to gregarious / herd behaviour in herbivorous animals in which Kentrosaurus is a key example of this which is well documented in Kentro litersture

[drifting arch]

The link you shared, that I took time to read into a bit, was stating that it is extremely difficult to determine the behaviors of Stegosaurids due to there not being a lot of tracks or other remains that would reveal such things, and tracks that were/could have been Stegosaurid tracks were often confused to being Sauropod tracks, and only after years of careful cross-examining were paleontologists able to discern some stegosaurid tracks, but there is not a lot of evidence even with those findings that support gregarious behavior outside of the need to migrate is what the article is stating.

[steady rock]

stego may i ask a question about stegosaurids?

what would be the more effective of the two commonly seen stegosaurus tail attacks, the tail swing ( think pot )or the tail thrust? ( think isle )

[hallow spear]

You realise nothing can be for certain which is why it’s all hypothesised, speculated and theorised.
If all you care for is sure fire things paleontology is not the right thing to pursue

It’s also to note the absence of such does not negate the existence of such

[hallow spear]

Both would be useful in different ways/situstions, but to maximise damage I would say thrusting is the most optimal?

[steady rock]

oooh okay,im guessing the thrust is the more damaging of the two tho due to the force the stego would have to put behind it to perform it?

[hallow spear]

Mainly because thrusting paired with pivoting would be the best way for the impact to deal maximum force output since swinging the tail limits the amount of force that can be used
But this is all speculation

[frigid delta]

what's the chance for a Stegosaurus vs Hesperosaurus?

[steady rock]

ooh alright, now this may be a stupid question but what was the horizontal capabilities of a stegosaurids tail? could it move it up and down to a degree or nah?

[hallow spear]

Yes dorsal and ventral movement is fine (I’ll link the Kentro rom study)

[steady rock]

i dont know, i just think its fun to think about, like, a speculative threat display where a stego raises its tail and shakes it seems hella cool

[hallow spear]

The maximum flex up is quite extensive especially if you include more cartilage present on the articulation areas of the verts too

@drifting arch are you writing an essay, genuine question

[thorn grove]

they look like they could stab themselves by accident lmao

[hallow spear]

With muscle it would fix that issue haha, muscles limit movement to a degree especially extremely thick ones (like tail muscles)

[steady rock]

holy amarga its flexible, i always thought of a stegosaurids tail to be alot more swift, im actually suprised, and i kinda have more questions now

Like, would all stegosaurids have that much tail flexibility?
and second
do we know the swing speed , lets say , a stegosaurus's tail could reach? ( does that make sense?)

[thorn grove]

oh yea true lol

[frigid delta]

it's enough to kill an Allo that's for sure

[hallow spear]

There are estimated impact speed Between 12-26 meters per second

[steady rock]

im gonna assume thats pretty fast

[drifting arch]

Stego, I say this respectfully as best as possible, but you can't jump into a discussion with "your statement is false and here is why" with mostly heresay information as your and then get defensive when people are invested in knowing your sources so they can better understand and discern information. I had to coax informational links out of you, and took the time to read them. I'm not being aggressive or even passive-aggressive about this, I'm totally fine with the idea of Stegosaurids being social if that was the case, but I'm a person who values correct information. I like to be educated, so I read what sources there are. The first link very clearly states there is a lack of evidence to support gregarious behavior amongst Stegosaurids, which you then try to counter your own source that you stated originally accounted towards Stegosaurids being social. Then you take a snippit of another source without sourcing, and then accuse me of being lazy when that's not the case here. I'm holding you accountable to your statements, just like anyone would do to me if I came in here saying "Tyrannosaurids never sustained families and drove out offspring at the earliest sign". People here would want to know my sources immediately. Then you show a link on Sexual Dimorphism, which is kind of rare, but I read the article and understood that it was talking about evidence in a small group (five members) of sexually-passed on morphologies and nothing else.

[steady rock]

gorilla read it too me and give me a summary

[hallow spear]

Unnecessary amount of text tbh

Also the sexual dimorphism paper had a snippet about herding behaviour, it wasn’t the focus

[frigid delta]

i ain readin allat 😭🙏

[steady rock]

remember guys to be kind and respectful to eachother yay~1

[drifting arch]

So you're just taking information out of context. It's either you show sources that actually give sustaining evidence to support social behaviors amongst stegosaurids, or you're hoping people just go off heresay and take your word for it. But I would strongly recommend not entering a discussion about paleontology and then resort to having an attitude because people value correct information.

[hallow spear]

But anyway my response is, yes evidence is rare because stegosaurs do not preserve well anyway. The lack of evidence does not mean it doesn’t exist, social behaviours are hard to determine.
The very first link quite literally states this is one of the best instances of such behaviour hence why it’s complex

[drifting arch]

The first link states, as I showed from the image, there was only "two possible" instances and it wasn't concrete because of a lack of evidence.

[steady rock]

when smart people talk, i feel like, instead of getting smarter, i get dumber because its too complex for me too understand

[halcyon cobalt]

context clues bro context clues

[hallow spear]

No it’s WITHIN the context of the paper because it starts talking about the gregarious behaviour of Hesperosaurus groups, if you’d read the part you’d see what I’m referring to.

Also I’m not having attitude, nor intending to

And to respond to what you just said that was previous instances seperate to the instances being discussed in the paper . (Which if you click on the number will bring you to the source)

[steady rock]

youmu

fighting is bad because when you fight, thats bad because your fighting which is bad

[hallow spear]

I’d say this is more of a miss understanding than fighting

[thorn grove]

ima fight u

[steady rock]

https://tenor.com/view/brandy-stan-twitter-gif-20396879

[hallow spear]

It’s clear we both understand there isn’t a lot of sampling of this type of thing, but I’m also sure they understand that the absence of evidence does not mean that it should be disregarded.

STEGOSAURS in general have awful sampling, poor preservation and rarely are researched, most papers are ancient.

[steady rock]

it is 2 am , its my birthday and i have school in 4 hours

[drifting arch]

In two spots of the first article, they emphasize the fact there is no conclusive evidence that supports gregarious behavior amongst Stegosaurids, and followup with the statement that there is new studies ensuing the pursuit "to infer paleoecological data (possible gregarious behavior) among stegosaur trackmakers.". They don't have enough evidence is my point in these articles. There just simply isn't enough to even form a speculation of gregarious behavior in these articles.

[thorn grove]

this is why I like Hadrosaurs

[drifting arch]

It doesn't mean that the possibility is out, but until there is actual evidence of some kind that actually hints more to "stegosaurids are social", the general consensus on sites is that Stegosaurids are isolationists except for very specific instances in their life structure.

[hallow spear]

But there is enough to infer it because that’s how literally everything else is inferred from. The entire paper has to be worded like that because it’s physically impossible to say for certain

[thorn grove]

happy bdayyyy

[steady rock]

dont we trackways showcasing various stegosaurs traveling together?

[drifting arch]

There is a difference between hypotheticals and a paper saying "We don't have enough information to even speculate this". These articles stress that they "want" to find social behaviors amongst stegosaurids, but they are also stating they don't have any evidence of any kind.

[hallow spear]

“On sites” that’s literally not a source and is entirely made up or bullshitted onto the site there are currently 4 seperate trackway sites to infer social behaviour in stegosaurs. Another one based on fossil remains of mature individuals found together as well

[thorn grove]

I think that's what they're talking about

[steady rock]

do you feel bad now for tryanna fight me on my birthday?

[balmy oyster]

Stegosaurus ate a good chunk of saurophaganax that’s why it’s now just anax

[thorn grove]

no

[steady rock]

😢

[hallow spear]

That’s very clearly not what the paper is saying, considering you misunderstood part of the paper showing 2 seperate examples of previously hypothesised gregarious behaviour as being the current papers evidence it’s probable you’re also misinterpreting this

[steady rock]

https://tenor.com/view/touhou-koishi-komeiji-koishi-good-night-gif-4369081812554519115

[hallow spear]

Considering you’re also stating “the current consensus on sites” as a source is also concerning. Especially for someone who “wants correct information”

I would love sources for solitary behaviour being the “consensus” (I can tell you right now that there is no such thing)

[drifting arch]

https://dinosaurdictionary.com/stegosaurides-overview-size-habitat-other-facts/ ; https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/stegosaurus-interview-dinosaur-expert.html ; https://www.amnh.org/explore/videos/dinosaurs-and-fossils/did-dinosaurs-travel-in-herds-or-packs there you go, some examples on hand of many sites I can take the time to look up that general says as a consesus "stegosaurids did not move in herds, not enough data to support otherwise" and they do credit the trackways, but make note that trackways being the only source of evidence currently and being VERY LIMITED.

[hallow spear]

You do realise one alone specimen does not trump everything else. It’s also relevant to k ow that Sophie was found in very close vicinity to 4 other stegosaurs (SMA 0018, SMA 009) etc” from the red ranch quarry

[drifting arch]

I'm an English Major, graduated with honors from Belhaven University, one of the top 12 universities in the USA. I read those articles and understood them very well.

[warm saddle]

Omg koishi

[hallow spear]

The fossil record has a whole lot of preservation bias so a single specimen is not evidence for anything behaviourally

And to respond to what you said above, you still misunderstood the 2 hypothesised other sources from previous academic years as being currently referenced by the paper as their current sources. Everyone makes mistakes

[hallow spear]

“Limited” evidence by having 4 seperate trackways to show herd/gregarious behaviour is not “limited”

Compared to you showing me a god damn “dinosaur dictionary” as a source and a single god damn specimen WHICH was literally found close by 4 others

[drifting arch]

Again, I'm going off of the information provided and pointing out what those articles specify, and a group of 5 Stegosaurs is still a "small group" like I had stated when discussing Stegosaurs with Oogma, but is not herding behavior.

[hallow spear]

It is social behaviour which is what I’m talking about and referenced earlier though if you were purely talking about out large scale herding why continue

[hallow spear]

Also to be clear, herding is NOT defined by any specific amount of animals it is literally just a group of them called a herd. If you want a source search up the definition.

Also fun fact, a “group” of stegosaurus is officially called a handful (there is a source for this it’s on my pc, if you want it I’ll send it when I wake up

I knew this would be a misunderstanding lmao

[drifting arch]

Alright, I'm going to discontinue this, because its quickly gone from a discussion to you labeling, then insinuating, then being dismissive and over-defensive. I can have intellectual debates, but not someone trying to be insulting because someone disagrees or challenges their information.

[hallow spear]

@balmy oyster LMAOOO

Erm I can have intellectual debates but only if you don’t point out things I say that are wrong or stupid!!!!

[balmy oyster]

[hallow spear]

Challenges my information yet the only evidence they provide is refuted by “preservation bias” and what the hell is a “dinosaur dictionary”

Thought you were discontinuing this discussion, why are you typing friend @drifting arch

[drifting arch]

Remember to be polite and not antagonistic towards people in the chat, or you'll get a slap on the wrist from staff. How you behave on here defines character btw, so unless you want people to have an understanding that you have attitude problems, I would suggest dropping the attitude.

Anyways, what I wanted to talk about earlier was this. What is this.

Is that a Gastropod? It's so small I can't figure out what that is.

[hallow spear]

I just find what you said amusing, in actual discussions with people who provide actual information with sources and publications , or who actually know the definition of what herding means.

I said I thought the discussion would end up being a misunderstanding and I was right. It also seems like you dislike having mistakes pointed out to you, as I said before we both agree that evidence for it is on the lower end but that is not evidence for solitary behaviour

[keen yew]

Super off topic by this point, but I'll still post it. re-watching this in 2025 it feels like a shitpost https://youtu.be/unYlogRoeQM?si=5Bh592FbC10xQOjO

[drifting arch]

what kind of raptors are those supposed to be?

[keen yew]

Archeroraptor

[hallow spear]

Raptor, such a specific and known genus!!!

[drifting arch]

oh lord have mercy, why are they naked???

[hallow spear]

At the time it’s what was considered the norm

[thorn grove]

half surprised the edmonto is even shown fighting back

also "we now know they communicated with quick hand signals" 🤣

[keen yew]

Which is odd because dinosaur planet and when dinosaurs roamed America came out before and had fully feathered raptors

[hallow spear]

Ahead of their time one might call them

[drifting arch]

Yeah I remember Dinosaur Planet, but my goodness the dinosaurs in this video look so weird, I don't know how else to describe it. They almost have a gangly appearance to their models.

[keen yew]

https://tenor.com/view/me-atrapaste-es-cine-its-cinema-cinema-esto-es-cine-gif-17729711691959966457

[thorn grove]

apparently we know raptors had bloodlust too lmao

[keen yew]

Dont forget the psychological tricks

[drifting arch]

well that part, I could possibly find somewhat plausible in some raptors; the ones more closely related to birds, as birds have a wide array of emotions and have been known to holding grudges, offering gifts, learning how to use tools, prank, et cetera.

[drifting arch]

Two words: Vampire finches

or well, a Vampire Ground Finch, so I guess three words, but that's a real thing in birds. Birds are scary. There's also Oxpeckers, Marabou Storks...

[drifting arch]

Is this a relative of Parasaurolophus? I've never seen this specimen before!

[drifting arch]

I think someone is working on Shantungosaurus, but Barsboldia is not the biggest I can tell you that much amongst Hadrosauridae.

[drifting arch]

same

[drifting arch]

It looks cool though, but yeah, downward horns are not very conventional in the way of defending self against carnivores.

[thorn grove]

closer to Lambeosaurus but all three are Lambeosaurines yea

[drifting arch]

This is the first time in years I'm even hearing that game's name being mentioned honestly. I thought the game bit the dust ages ago.

[drifting arch]

It was, and I have good memories starting out on that game, but hopefully Path of Titans rocks the dance floor with its vision as a prehistoric game.

https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=weirdest+paleontology+find&mid=EC334ADD6929E2206893EC334ADD6929E2206893&FORM=VAMTRV This video was interesting and funny with its information

I still find the discovery of the male Silurian shrimp to being the funniest paleontoligical marvel.

though I'm curious who this individual's ancestor would be

[topaz shell]

Jurassic fight club…

[keen yew]

Its so bad it's good. They need to bring it back

[opaque kayak]

Eophyseter damarcoi, a new Physeteroidea of gigantic size https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/22338

[manic grail]

Is it true that the most reliable spino remains are 3-5 tons?

[frigid delta]

we have a 7.7-8.5 tons Spino out there how come u got 3-5 tons?

[manic grail]

I read somewhere that the heavier ones are just known from 1 bone and that the only spino that isnt just known from only 1 bone is 3-5 tons

[uncut salmon]

dinosaur joke of the day. What did the iguanodon say when they were mad? ||I'm iguano-done with this || (thought id share what i told the moddets with the paleiontologist}

[frigid delta]

ba dum tsss

[fossil ingot]

The 7.85-8.5t are literally just a single bone
So yes the most reliable Spino are the 3-4 lads such as Neotype and Holotypd

[frigid delta]

msnm and fsachk? (idk how to spell that Spino at the end pls don't attack me Spino fans 🙏💔)

[manic grail]

[brisk quiver]

(He actually thinks 4 ton spino will kill a 7 ton deinocheirus)

[fossil ingot]

If we wanna use the 1 Bone Lad, like MSNM or NHMUK
Then yes Spino wins, Neotype which is tmk not fully grown will obv die.
And tbh you think an Adult Trike was unstoppable and that Rex was scavenging and killing small prey so...q

[fossil ingot]

MSNM is one of the Jaw Bone
FSAC is the Neotype.

[opaque kayak]

I mean granted the 12 ton trike 3D model comes from the guy who got a 11 ton nhmuk

[fossil ingot]

Doesn't Help
NHMUK is Wider in every Part in a Dorsal View, 1.3 tons heavier, both have Similar Size Front Limbs with very similar motion, except the Parts refered to Spino are much more Robust then Duck's, Has an actual jaw with Teerh with a 12000N Bite Force which is still pretty much Hurting Duck, you can see Claw size isn't really Much.
Ofc both would Evade eachother, but Duck wouldn't like to deal with Spino, neither Tarbo

[fossil ingot]

11t Spino was funny.
He also got like
12-13t Giga Holotype LMAO.
Only good ones he got was like Sucho

[frigid delta]

HUH???

[scenic flame]

those are outliers

[steady rock]

Did I do good?

[manic grail]

Theres no proof i know but what if spino had proportionally shorter legs when still young. Would be dope if there was found evidence for it. We still got hope lol

[opaque kayak]

Bro what is this peak

[steady rock]

Are these 3 skeletals accurate?

[opaque kayak]

I mean I think some of the upper ones are not really. I would say Tosha's works

[steady rock]

Is each black bar 1 meter or just the whole bar?

[rancid arch]

Guys ik how to solve this

It be a whale, a big one

[opaque kayak]

If each black bar is 1 meter we are looking at god

[steady rock]

Give me a Meg and sperm whale image with a meter bar and I'll add them too

[open compass]

10sm

[opaque kayak]

https://x.com/FabioAleRomero/status/1596707421774569473

Fabio Alejandro (@FabioAleRomero) on X

And of course the needed comparison size with its eternal marine foe, the big head shark, which seems that Pisco were around.
Probably Livyatan evaded large Otodus bulls in order to avoid lethal confrontation or just gathered in groups like modern cetaceans.

X · Nov 27, 2022, 3:28 AM

[steady rock]

Oh their cooked

[opaque kayak]

https://namu-the-orca.tumblr.com/post/686296523373494272/hi-guys-another-long-silence-i-know-its-busy

[steady rock]

Idk how to scale 16m scale bars :(

[opaque kayak]

20 meter meg

[robust crane]

can a t rex really swallow a human whole like in jurassic park/world films

[tough parcel]

Probably

[steady rock]

Did I do it?

[opaque kayak]

Yeah, damn

[rancid dove]

i want play this shark 😩

[stable sun]

The new one is close to modern cachalots

[steady rock]

Like the new whale?

[warped peak]

Gonna be honest, took way too long to realize you weren't just doing art of Livy

[steady rock]

Oh lol, bahyria sent a new whale skeletal and I wanted to compare it to livy

[tacit pine]

The tables have turned 🥱

Largest macro predator the world has ever seen 💪.

[steady rock]

Hasn't Meg always outsized livy?

[opaque kayak]

Sus ahh snoot

[tacit pine]

I thought back then it was thought that livy was the better rival than meg.

[steady rock]

I mean, it still was if livy lived in pods

[opaque kayak]

TBH IDK why but we were all massive Livy stans during that time

[tacit pine]

Yeah

[opaque kayak]

I was so Livy > Meg it was not even real

[steady rock]

In jurassic fight club, was livy the whale that took down Meg in a pod?

Oh it was brymopher and they did not take down meg

[stable sun]

largest supposed Spinosaurines from Kem Kem as well as the Spinosaurus holotype and neotype

[stiff osprey]

What is IMPG 969-1

[bright zinc]

Is there a biological reason for the pyc/conc bright-colored tongues?

[opaque kayak]

Tiniest Scalebared Dentary (scalebars 10 cm)

[tulip dove]

Not really
Prob just to make em stand out a little more from others in the game I assume

[umbral kite]

ok if trikes horn whwre there main defense how did they protect there backs

[tough parcel]

Turning around

[tulip dove]

Bub has not heard of the awesome kick that ceratopsians have in the hit game Path of Titans...

[umbral kite]

ok and what if there was multiple predators

[tough parcel]

Dies

[stable sun]

Rostrum not dentary

[stable sun]

rostrum piece, I used the scaling lordtrilobite sent

[opaque kayak]

It says dentary to me

[stable sun]

well lordtrilobite disagrees

[opaque kayak]

Mind him elaborating?

[stable sun]

well he thinks it's a rostrum piece

[opaque kayak]

I disagree

[stable sun]

Well he said "It's just not a dentary. Clearly part of a maxilla."

[opaque kayak]

Yeah, it's what not thinking it's a Dentary and thinking it's a maxilla means

[fluid inlet]

Spino owns u

[opaque kayak]

Not that I honestly care too much about this tiniest scaledbared partial unidentified Rostrum/Dentary piece

[stable sun]

Well he is reliable so

[opaque kayak]

Has he looked at the fossils personally? Reliable is not really a lot of a statement

[desert jolt]

https://tenor.com/view/panda-eating-popcorn-akademiks-gif-4852066732879832234

[opaque kayak]

I will say visually it does appear closer to the rostrum then the dentary, but I just find it silly citing someone is reliable

[stable sun]

He is one of the authors of the Irrirator osteology i'm pretty sure

[opaque kayak]

Me when Nizar et al 10-12 ton spino

[zealous ravine]

Yeah Olaf knows his skulls lol

[stiff osprey]

Olof is reliable but the scaling itself isn't since a) it's a fragment and b) it's not even measured

[zealous ravine]

Mhm

[umbral kite]

why did saurpodas have those iggy thumb claw thing in there front feet

[bright zinc]

Oh okay, thank you!

[primal ice]

Its believe that them claws might have helped sauropods manipulate vegetation. They could have been used to break branches, strip leaves, or dig for water and minerals. But There is speculation that the claws might have also been used for digging nests or creating wallows for dust bathing dust bathing I'm not 100% but I just put it here.

[umbral kite]

how would a saurpod liek arg or pathago get up from a dust bath

[primal ice]

Probably something similar to what elegant do but I'm not sure how because how big they are

[fluid inlet]

Same way you Do

[thorn grove]

With their legs presumably

[umbral kite]

yea but theyre like way to big to do it though

[fluid inlet]

Says who

[manic grail]

Who do u all think would win in a fight sucho or allo

[fossil ingot]

Depends the Allo species tbf
Anax is the most fair lad tho
Sucho is overall Larger.
Has Quite Strong Arms and Big ah Claws.
Allo has the better Bite tho .

Answer is, both Mfs would just dodge eachother tbf

[steady rock]

a better question is neovenator vs baryonx

the scenario is them fighting over a dead iguanadon that washed down river and onto the shore

[fossil ingot]

Its a 4.8t(using largest Anax) predator vs another 5-5.4t Predator.
Both are Big mfs

[sudden wind]

If I had to give some of my favorite pseudosuchians, here are some of them :
Thalattosuchus
Brachiosuchus
Qianosuchus
Prestosuchus
Postosuchus
Baurusuchus
Sebecus
Mahajangasuchus
Rhamphosuchus

[midnight meteor]

Who would win in a fight deinocheirus or Spinosaurus aegyptiacus

[warped peak]

Fraud, no Stomatosuchus

[tacit pine]

https://tenor.com/view/jurassic-park-jurassic-world-spinosaurus-tyrannosaurus-t-rex-gif-13132687000543794337

[steady rock]

is this a good neovenator skeletal?

[fossil ingot]

I mean.
I do see the Largest Neovenator Killing the Holotype Baryonyx, Largest Bary is 1t heavier and due that alone can be hard to fight.
Then again, likely both would just say "Bye" and leave

[midnight meteor]

That's inaccurate..

[tacit pine]

What will happen to deino* 🥱

[fossil ingot]

Depends the Spino used or what you wanna say is Aegyptiacus, if we wanna go by Cf Aegyptiacus with NHMUK
Then yeah, Spino would win

[manic grail]

Yea its pretty close i think. One is bigger and has bigger claws and the other one has a better jaw and probably hunts not fish but other mid sized herbivores. Idk which one to pick as the winer tbh

[midnight meteor]

Is it a close fight or massacre?

[brisk quiver]

Never said adult trike was unstoppable, nor rex was a scavenger

[fossil ingot]

Heavier by 1.3t, Better Weaponry, better Range

@rottentoe._63874 Its a 7.1-7.3t Giant Duck and a 8.5t Piscivore, its never will be Close tbh, but Spino is at an advantage

[midnight meteor]

That's cool

[fluid inlet]

Na sucho mugs

[umbral kite]

no a good one is who wins tarbo or torvo

[steady rock]

no its not because they didnt even coexist together, neo and bary did

[brisk quiver]

Good luck to spinosaurus in breaking its arms to even hit deinocheirus above its legs

[tacit pine]

Tarbo ngl

[midnight meteor]

I thought deinocheirus could like aim shots at its throat easier

[manic grail]

https://tenor.com/view/jurassic-park-jurassic-world-spinosaurus-tyrannosaurus-t-rex-gif-13132687000543794337

[fossil ingot]

I mean
I can see Sucho winning, its been been Weak Bite relative to its Size(around 4000N Bite Force) Compensates with its Arms and Claws

[tacit pine]

https://tenor.com/view/toji-fushiguro-toji-toji-jjk-jujutsu-kaisen-toji-fushiguro-jjk-gif-14425395207236161194

[fossil ingot]

I mean
Duck and Spino have a Very similar Rate of Motion for its Arms, Spino's Arms are just Proportionally Bulkier using material refered to it
Not like Spino itself can't rear up lol
And tbf why use Claws when you have a SKULL Big And Strong Enough to dmg Duck's Skinny Neck

[midnight meteor]

Ngl they have pretty similar niches and looks

Also holy crap, spinos head is massive compared to deinocheirus

[fossil ingot]

True
Ofc, Duck Mogs the Neotype and Holotype not even a Question.
But MSNM or NHMUK? Yeah no

[manic grail]

Duck with jaws vs duck with beak

[tacit pine]

https://tenor.com/view/running-away-escaping-t-rex-dinosaur-tyrannosaurus-gif-16077477

[midnight meteor]

Spino is a goose and deinoc is a duck

[brisk quiver]

Spino arms are lower

[fossil ingot]

Literally
Duck with Jaws and Mass Advantage vs Duck with Beak
Duck is still peak tho, this thing is cool asf

[tacit pine]

https://tenor.com/view/ishowspeed-ishowspeed-ballon-d'or-ballon-d'or-shocked-ishowspeed-noway-gif-9357582452923318096

[midnight meteor]

Both have terrifying claws, and both hunt and eat fish

[manic grail]

Maybe they should be friends. Deinocheirus even got a small bump like a sail too on its back

[fossil ingot]

Cause it has shorter Legs?
Or are we Forgetting Spino can like, rear up??
Also, Spino simply looks with worse Motion due to the Skeletal having them in that position, but this guy can effectively move its arms well

[midnight meteor]

I see deinoc being spinos triceceratops if it was around with it tbh, they'd even have a reason to fight since both take the same niche pretty much

[brisk quiver]

Spino is overall more horizontal

[midnight meteor]

Remember quadrupedal spino?..

[manic grail]

https://tenor.com/view/transformers-sentinel-optimus-prime-optimus-prime-gif-26529362

[midnight meteor]

I hated it so much

[fossil ingot]

Yes, in a Neutral Stance not like it can't Rear Up
Both can't Pronate their Hands and have a very similar Horizontal Range, Duck just looks less weird cause Mf Legs aren't as Short

[manic grail]

Spino is the short king

[midnight meteor]

I feel spino should have just evolved to be fully aquatic, maybe if it did it wouldn't have died off

[fossil ingot]

Spino been weird at this point is kinda average

[sudden wind]

It's old.

Here is the new version and a GDI from old Dan's skeletal.

Here is also a new version of Dan's skull : https://x.com/DanPalaeon1/status/1823464208115343520

Dan F (@DanPalaeon1) on X

Palaeontology need to provide concrete answers for why his nose so big... (Neovenator)

X · Aug 13, 2024, 8:58 PM

[midnight meteor]

What do you guys think Spinosaurus sounded like?

[manic grail]

Maybe bellow like an alligator or croc

[sudden wind]

No ideas but I love PK's sound design.

https://youtu.be/1H6yl1Y8dWY?si=I8Kgr6NToQEd8Eec

[manic grail]

U all think Prehistoric Kingdoms spino walking is accurate? I mean how the neck is when walking

[hardy sentinel]

Did any of the Allosaurus species Co-exist? Like did Anax live with Fragilis or did Jimmadseni live with Europaeus

[fossil ingot]

Dragging Tail ahhhhhh

[opaque kayak]

The tripod stance be goofy

[hardy sentinel]

I don't think the dragging tail is inaccurate

@manic grail lot more accurate than path of titans spino walk 💀

[ripe walrus]

Pov every videos of Spinosaurus accurate sounds be like: ...WEIRD AHH LOON BIRD SOUNDS 💀

[fossil ingot]

Tmk, it would work with its tail raised up cause iirc Its Tail could broke if he try to Body Drag it and apply weight on it as support.

But who knows

[steady rock]

is it true thala did not have that strong of a bite force?

[lunar copper]

relatively* strong
its not strong on its own

[steady rock]

may i ask like, how accurate this is? and is the reason thala's bite force is said to be strong is because pterasaurs just have weak bite forces and its a outlier in that camp?

[lapis lintel]

it accurate because its a paper i found and explained for an hour in backer chat, weg backed me up with proof

[ripe walrus]

The Jurassic World Alive accurate Spinosaurus also uses the dragging tail and many more and tbh i also use it when a draw an accurate Spinosaurus tho i might be wrong for that idk

[drifting arch]

Isn’t Deinosuchus’s bite force still greater then Spinosaurus as well as it’s maneuverability in the water due to its specific streamlined body? Spinosaurus, as much as I love it, was much bulkier and we’re still not sure what the sail was used for other than possibly controlling its internal temperatures.

[opaque kayak]

They mean Deinocherius

[fluid inlet]

https://tenor.com/view/frustrated-pulling-hair-no-frustrating-gif-3532627

Srumis when he can’t use the word lad , I don’t mind using 1 bones since we use one bone for Goliath.

[drifting arch]

Oh my apologies, I thought I saw someone bring up Deinosuchus and got confused!

[drifting arch]

That still has me curious though. With the largest specimen of Spinosaurus and Deinosuchus, would there ever have been confrontations between them?

[ripe walrus]

They never met

[balmy oyster]

Spino ~100 mya North Africa
DeinoS ~75 mya North America

[fluid inlet]

Different eras T. rex far closer in time to Deinosuchus

[drifting arch]

Just wanting to be humored in a hypothetical here; I know they're in different eras (Deinosuchus and Spinosaurus belonging to the Cretaceous Period, but Spinosaurus belonging to the Cenemonian Stages and Deinosuchus belonging to the Campanian stage), Sarcosuchus being the only other crocodyliform that possibly coexisted with Spinosaurus in Niger 113 million years ago, but I was just curious in terms of "if they could have interactions, would there have been aggression?" kind of take.

[hallow spear]

That’s not possible to say in any shape or form

[steady rock]

maybe spinosaurus is just a cool guy and is a pacifist

[drifting arch]

What had me curious was the fact Spinosaurus inhabited North Africa, which during its time was tidal flats (marshy environments that get covered by the sea on occasion) and mangrove forests. It's been speculated that during the hottest time of the year in the Cretaceous Period, there would be droughts that would dry up the lakes and rivers in Spinosaurus territories, forcing it to migrate to new fresh water sources. This would encourage Spinosaurus to behave at times as a land predator yes, but it also had me wondering what it would encounter due to those instances.

There's also still this fascinating debate going on in paleontology on whether or not Spinosaurids walked on all fours or were bipedal.

[steady rock]

Its still a debate..?

[balmy oyster]

It’s not, quadrupedal spino is just a paleo shitpost now

[outer tusk]

Is this green reasonable for dynamosaurus

[drifting arch]

Depending on who you ask, where you go, yes; regardless though, there's also interesting questions like since most Spinosauridae have crocodile-like profiles (hence why Suchomimus earned its name as the "crocodile mimic"), it's also a wonder if Spinosaurids were devoted parents just like modern-day Crocodiles are.

[brave nova]

Quad spino is utter trash… idk y ppl even still give it any light

[fossil ingot]

Quad Spino is just a meme tbf
Have you seen Quad Bary?
Thats even more cursed than Quad Spino

[brave nova]

Oh god they got to the other spinosaurids? 😭

[midnight meteor]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEdUP-hASuc

Smth like this I assume?

[brave nova]

https://tenor.com/view/whitebeard-annoyed-one-piece-young-edward-newgate-gif-20832679

[fossil ingot]

Even Quad Sucho would look weird

[fossil ingot]

Hartman Sucho is so weird with its Tail.
Bro doesn't has the Thick Tail.
Kinda just his Bary bur larger arms and bigger?

[fossil ingot]

Fixed Tail edit looks better yeah
Dan's still more Peak

[midnight meteor]

suchomimus vs carnotaurus who would win?

[warped peak]

Sucho is 3x the size

[midnight meteor]

overexaggeration, but it was bigger and heavier

[warped peak]

Nope. 1.7 tons vs 5.4. I understated it.

[fossil ingot]

How is that Fair?
Carno is the smallest Here, yes smaller than Bary

[steady rock]

looks i made that!!! ❤️

[midnight meteor]

Google is always right/j

I swear it would solo👍

[fossil ingot]

Pycno is a Better Opponent, even then Sucho is 2x its size

[warped peak]

Sucho is one of the largest theropods, period

Carno isn't getting hunted in all likelihood, but its not taking it down by any chance lol

[midnight meteor]

nah carno would win

[midnight meteor]

Im obviously joking, carno is deep fried

[hallow spear]

The grass is green type sh (for the reasoning)

[fossil ingot]

Carno vs Bary is somewhat more Fair
1.7t vs 2.1t and Carno should be Proportionally Bulkier, better bite force and is not really dwarfed as much
Still funny Carno is now the smallest of the OG Trio

[midnight meteor]

Spino bigger so it beats rex ahh logic

[hallow spear]

Carno is more like 1.8-2.2t so like 2t roughly

[brave nova]

Ik titanovenator hasn’t been described in a public paper but how big is it estimated to be

[fossil ingot]

.

[midnight meteor]

to be fair, we don't have much spino specimens as rex

[drifting arch]

Agreed

[fluid inlet]

http://www.paleo.keepfree.de/#largest_theropod

Darius Nau regarding giganotosaurus tyrannosaurus sizes

[brave nova]

Yea but from what we do have we have 4 (probs more but I’m not 100%) that are all bigger than the biggest spinos we have

[fossil ingot]

Hartman's Carno is 2 tonnes at 8.4m, Random's is 7.8m so ngl I don't see it been that close to size
Randon's Pycno was 8.9m and 2.7t scaling off Carno from what he said so who knows

[midnight meteor]

it could have got bigger and they are very fragmentary, very speculative so I wouldn't put spino down being smaller then rex who knows...

[fossil ingot]

We have like
2 Large Spino's that hit 8t or bit more like 8.5t
The Average Rex been 7.5-8.1t doesn't help the case, then we have 9t Rexes and then the 10t Lads

[drifting arch]

I see you like your afternoons spicey XD

[brave nova]

Rex could have also probs been bigger than what we have, u can’t go off the assumption one could get bigger when both could have been bigger. As it stands now Rex is bigger than spino

[fossil ingot]

We thought Sue was the Largest, Then Scotty appaeared, then Cope and now we have "Goliath"
Mf just gets bigger lol

[midnight meteor]

Sue is still one of the 🐐 's

[brave nova]

Yea Rex just comes out with a new specimen to trump the old one 😭. Giga got a new size increase to be bigger than Scotty so rex had to come out with cope and Goliath lol

[hallow spear]

Sue is ancient too, 33 years young 😭

[fossil ingot]

Giga Holotype gaining 100kgs was so impactful, That Upsize impacted more the Dentary than the Holotype tbf.
But yeah, Rex is just funny

[sullen cairn]

is this a joke or is this like a british thing

[brave nova]

It gained like 500kg tbf. The old scaling was like 10.2t and now it’s sitting at 10.7t

[hallow spear]

Sue and Scotty are the same size, cope is larger and Goliath is less simple, but still probably large

Also it was a joke table lmao, it’s said ironically since it’s obviously not young

[stiff osprey]

the fact the brazilian carcharodontosaur outweighed cope by like 300kg only for goliath to come out and overtake it again was like top 3 things to happen in 2025

[midnight meteor]

velociraptor vs carcharodontosaurus who wins, in a fight to the death

[fossil ingot]

I love Dan's Scotty head so Much

[sullen cairn]

look you can never be too sure
crazy times and all

[brave nova]

Since when did this guy come out? First I heard of this carchadontosaur

[midnight meteor]

the fact people still think spino couldn't swim, even though it has that big ass paddle tail

[stiff osprey]

it came out in like may 2024 but no one but RJ talks about it because it is known from half of a vertebra (deservedly)

[fossil ingot]

I meant Holotype who went from 8.47 to 8.57(basically to 8.6)
While Dentary went from 10.1t to almos 10.7t
Dentary still butt cheeks tho, Cope Superior

[sullen cairn]

the best part about gomez is that its just called gomez for absolutely no discernible reason

[brave nova]

Oh it that carchadontosauria indet?

[fossil ingot]

Scotty And Sue difference been 150-200kgs is just Sue not been able to Eat before dying trust

[stiff osprey]

not even a brazilian name

[fossil ingot]

Jumpscare, tho seems weight is now 11.4t based on what Random said

[brave nova]

Copes bigger than that thing tho? Copes weight from what I’ve seen is like 10.7-11.5t and then indet is 10.7 (I was typing this as that was sent)

[stiff osprey]

srumis just said it weighs 11.4 t lol

[sullen cairn]

late 2024-2025 really is the year of the increasingly incoherent megatheropod discussion

[fossil ingot]

Random's got Cope to 11.1t scaling from his 10.3t Sue.
Iirc

[brave nova]

The weight I used for cope had both Sue and Scottys weight right so that’s what I went with for my comparison

[fossil ingot]

COPE Jumpscare

[sullen cairn]

perhaps its even possible that there may be multiple possible estimates for the thing

[brave nova]

(Ignore carcha he’s outdated as there hasn’t been a new skeletal for its downsize)

[fossil ingot]

Tbf
Titan Carcha is somewhat Usable still.
Giga Carcha is the funny Lad tho

[fossil ingot]

Fat Tauro a Jumpscare..
Tho iirc theres a way to downsize to 10.8m, forgor who did it too

[brave nova]

That’s something I haven’t heard of at all

[fluid inlet]

😭

I’d love a theropod unrelated to carcharodontosaurids , tyrannosaurids and spinosaurids to come out and be the biggest theropod ever just to end everyone dreams and bias

[stable sun]

Deinocheirus

[fluid inlet]

https://x.com/tm9380/status/1895516852291551477?s=46

Taylor McCoy 🦖 (@TM9380) on X

Chomper(not the one from the MOR), a juvenile Tyrannosaurus. This specimen recently went up for auction, a fate all the more common for fossils like this these days. Hopefully it ends up in a good home. #FossilFriday

X · Feb 28, 2025, 4:50 PM

[balmy oyster]

He decided to take ozempic and is now slimmer by a ton

[stable sun]

the humble 1 m ulna:

[balmy oyster]

I Did forget about that

[storm merlin]

Fun fact: Tina Rex from the amazing world of gumball is based off the extinct dinosaur T.rex!

Of course if you didn’t know this you’re probably a tad bit tism

[spice snow]

No, are you stupid she's a pug

I think it's difficult to express my level of irony through text

[storm merlin]

This why you got Stuck in a stasis sarcophagus

[spice snow]

No u

Wait I had a dream predicting this exact conversation like 3 years ago wtf

[balmy oyster]

I thought she was a brontosaurus

[spice snow]

Im not joking Btw I had a dream with this same conversation

[umbral kite]

so do u think saurpod just lated eggs and move on or do u think they cared for all of their kids

[spice snow]

Aint there fossilized proof that argentinosaurus cared for their babies like sea turtles do

[storm merlin]

I’m here to make sure of that

[spice snow]

What does that mean

[frigid delta]

would theropods dance like this?
(hold on loading gif)

[spice snow]

Whatever it is, yes.

[frigid delta]

[spice snow]

As I said before, yes

[frigid delta]

yay

[steady rock]

what was the average heigh of nethadralthals?

[spice snow]

5 feet

[fluid inlet]

Taller than you

[steady rock]

im 5'11

[spice snow]

I am 5'4'' at 15 😔

[steady rock]

another question, would trike and ceratopsians as a whole be able to make the ramming motion that rams do?

[frigid delta]

brain damage go brrr

[steady rock]

didnt they have like, pretty durable skulls?

[spice snow]

RIP AND TEAR UNTIL IT'S ALL DONE 🔥

[spice snow]

Their heads had a ball joint with a really wide radius

[fluid inlet]

Kinda short

[winter marsh]

14 meters anomalocaris

[steady rock]

while it may get brain damage, would the motion still be possible for it?

[proud prawn]

I named it after one of my friends from Olinda haha

[tough parcel]

Should've named it after the

[proud prawn]

It should be Gomes

[fluid inlet]

The vividen influence is heavy

Vividen convince Darius to join this server

[steady rock]

https://tenor.com/view/fight-ram-snow-cram-clash-gif-15532175

[thorn grove]

I imagine their hind legs were strong enough to rear up but idk how well they would actually be able to walk around like that

[stiff osprey]

Yeah Gomes with an S i know a few

[stuck chasm]

@fluid inlet Please be respectful to each other and keep this channel civil while in conversation. Refer to our #rules for more information. Thank you!

[hardy sentinel]

Did any of the Allosaurus species co-exist? Like did Anax live with Fragilis and did Jimmadseni live with Europaeus?

[frigid delta]

only Anax, Fragilis, & Jimmadseni coexist in Morrison
Europaeus only in... well, europe

[proud prawn]

Haha I could try

[hardy sentinel]

Wasn't Jimmadseni European? I swear I was fed that for years

[balmy oyster]

While the Morrison ones did all live in the same formation, the Morrison was also a pretty lengthy formation and some of the allosaurids there would’ve existed either earlier or later

[hardy sentinel]

Also, the reason I ask is because formations can be spans of millions of years, that's why Utahraptor was the biggest in its ecosystem and not Acrocanthrosaurus, despite them both being from the Cedar Mountain formation

[balmy oyster]

The same applies to the Morrison, though I do believe some species do overlap both in regions and timeframes

[hardy sentinel]

So in that case, did some Allosaurus evolve into some of the other species named?

[steady rock]

Is morrison the largest formation area size wise?

[hardy sentinel]

Yes

[balmy oyster]

More like on the right, as they didn’t evolve one into another

[drifting arch]

that artwork is pretty 🔥 and pretty much how I'd expect Tyrannosaurus Rex territorial or mating aggression to carry out. That massive jaw would leave serious wounds on another Tyrannosaurid.

[drifting arch]

This immediately came to mind, probably one of my favorite scenes: https://youtu.be/c6hPCX9NDrg?t=126

[whole umbra]

Are megaraptorans tyrannosauroids?

[drifting arch]

I'm 5'3" and 34 years old. I will always be a part of the midget clan.

[hardy sentinel]

Yaah, but if some lived after others in the same spots, is it possible that one may have been an ancestor to the other?

[hardy sentinel]

Yes

[frigid delta]

not to be rude again but since when?

[topaz shell]

Isn’t their placement unknown

[hardy sentinel]

The phylogeny of Megaraptorans is all over the place, that's just the most recent I've heard from a dude who knows a lot about dinosaurs. I'll look for a spot

@topaz shell it's literally all over the place and nowhere at the same time, from what I know the current spot is basal Tyrannosauroid

Source that I found:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263280059_Juvenile_specimen_of_Megaraptor_Dinosauria_Theropoda_sheds_light_about_tyrannosauroid_radiation

It is from 2014 but I can't find anything else that is directly saying it's placement

[topaz shell]

2014…

[little mauve]

Naish and Cau's 2022 paper on Eotyrannus has a phylogenetic analysis that puts megaraptorans inside tyrannosauroidea fairly close to tyrannosauridae[ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9271276) whereas the analysis in Rolando et al.'s description of Maip in 2022 finds them to be sister to tyrannosauroidea as a whole (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9042913)

[drifting arch]

Hey there's no judgement at least from me on that. Even Paleontologists defer to old sources if there is nothing else to go off of. Sometimes, depending on the subject and data available, that's all you've got.

[halcyon cobalt]

yeah pretty much

[drifting arch]

So I had asked this to The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and posted it on on my Mastodon microblogging account to see if any experts in the field would respond as well. Sure enough, Darius Nau saw my post and responded to it quickly, which I will post in snippets below (that means posts incoming).

[hardy sentinel]

Maybe the smaller ones of Hatzeg island cared for young, but I don't think it's likely

[hardy sentinel]

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jan/07/new-evidence-dinosaurs-performed-dances-mating

[drifting arch]

I find it interesting that the most likely confrontations Spinosaurus would have on land would be with terrestrials like Carcharodontosaurus and Bahariasaurus. It never even crossed my mind.

[drifting arch]

Then the topic of Spinosaurus (or spinosaurids in general) being either quadrupedal or bipedal was brought into question, which Darius Nau took the time to give more extensive opinions on and it is appreciated.

[fluid inlet]

Darius Nau is a stand up guy

[hardy sentinel]

What do we think of this, chat

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/new-evidence-human-activity-north-america-130000-years-ago-180963046/

[drifting arch]

Then the discussion of the purpose for the Spinosaurus sail, which I was very interested in hearing an expert's opinion on as sails do fascinate me in their varying functions.

[fluid inlet]

This was a interesting read.

[frigid delta]

[drifting arch]

and then finally answering my question on whether Spinosaurus could have had good maternal instincts like crocodiles, which is pretty much open in the air like I figured it would be.

[hardy sentinel]

I'm dumb so ima assume, is this saying that Acro and Rex were similar in size or something? (Again, I am very dumb with big words and what they mean)

[drifting arch]

He was very friendly and extremely professional, I was surprised that he responded to my post so quickly!

[drifting arch]

Honestly though, this is a pretty spicey take @fluid inlet because this means the status of Spinosaurus specifically being either quadrupedal or bipedal is still pretty much in the air at this point.

[fluid inlet]

It was more of an example doing size size estimations based off just femurs compared to the volumetric studies of the full specimens. The topic is really about giganotosaurus and Tyrannosaurus rex though, I can send you the link paper if you’re interested in it.

[compact leaf]

I wouldn’t say in the air so much as it was just doing something strange for a biped, it’s pretty well agreed on that assuming it was bipedal is by far the safer route

[drifting arch]

I'm going off of what Darius Nau emphasized in this statement.

[compact leaf]

it does require some peculiar things yeah but nothing anywhere near as weird as what would need to happen to make it a quadruped

[drifting arch]

which is why Darius Nau also emphasized that more evidence is needed badly to support Spinosaurus being Bipedal or Quadrupedal (sorry missed typing that out)

Spinosaurus in a nutshell, is just odd to scientists and hard to figure out.

[compact leaf]

part of it is that afaik the same biomechanics have also just not been done with a recon than has more updated densities and tail proportions, more testing is needed sure but assuming bipedal is the more reasonable take by far

[drifting arch]

Though I'm a little saddened by the fact it didn't have a complex sail, I was hoping to see some similarities in a robust sail like with Dimetrodon.

Hopefully with Egypt opening up more to excavation sites in other places such as Giza, we will crosses fingers finally find more samples of Spinosaurus in the next 10-20 years.

So everyone pray your keesters off on that, and hope to all that is good and just that Egypt continues to be very accommodating and nice to our fellow Paleontologists.

[low raven]

It is more agreed upon that it’s bipedal even though it’s a bit odd but the only way for us to know for certain is when we discover it’s hands because that’s the main factor. If its like other spinosaurids it’s most definitely bipedal but if it’s hand end up being able to probate which is extremely unlikely it just completely different to other spinosaurids than it could very well be a quadruped

[stiff osprey]

I used to be in the quadrupedal camp, but since Ibrahim (who was the main proponent of quad spino) no longer believes it was quadrupedal, I've moved on

[balmy oyster]

it is entirely possible, though at least within the case of dinosaurs like allosaurus it's not too likely anagenesis would've been what happened

[stiff osprey]

The front heavy body and weak hind legs can more easily be explained by it spending most of its time in water, since water helps support mass and a forward center of mass helps with swimming

[balmy oyster]

I'm in "it's quadrupedal underwater" camp like a big capybara (I am the founding leader)

[stiff osprey]

Bro invented a new camp 🔥

[drifting arch]

That would make sense for Spinosaurus to have aquatic mannerisms akin to a hippopotamus.

[fluid inlet]

If spinosaurus like a big ass hippo I am no longer a fan

[compact leaf]

I’ve been in bottom walker camp for a long time, it makes sense when you look at it

lots of relatively slow moving river channels makes for a good environment to be supporting its weight in water a lot of the time and the forelimbs wouldn’t need to get too weird to be used in that setting

[drifting arch]

I could see a spinosaurus liesurely walking across river beds in search of maybe turtles or large fish to snack on.

Arthur Dorety Interpretation: https://arthurdorety.artstation.com/projects/9EkOvO ; (second picture: Two Spinosaurus hunt Onchopristis, a prehistoric sawfish, in the waters of the Kem Kem river system in what is now Morocco. (Credit: Jason Treat, NG Staff, and Mesa Schumacher. Art: Davide Bonadonna. Source: Nizar Ibrahim, University of Detroit Mercy)) ; Davide Bonadonna Interpretation: https://scitechdaily.com/images/Spinosaurus-Hunting-1536x891.jpg

[hearty ridge]

Anyone got the papers for those newfangled megaraptorids and small charcaradontosaur from Australia?

[velvet burrow]

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2024.2441903#abstract

[brisk quiver]

They will break their noses

Since there were a test where trike head was rammed into a barricade and dude broke its nose
They didnt charge, most likely stood their ground when defending themselves
And approached each other slowly like elephants

[steady rock]

Oh alright

[zealous ravine]

@fluid inlet WE’RE SO BACK, PNSO SPICLYPEUS

They seem to have a Judith River thing going with this, Zuul, and Loki. Given Leonardo is from Judith River, I'd say a Brachylopho may be coming soon. It would be well overdue.

[frigid delta]

Was the study of dinosaur feet and faces potentially being colorful ever followed up on? How plausible was the assertion made in that study?

[snow python]

How fast was utahraptor?

[frigid delta]

last time i remember abt 50km/h
but i could be wrong since it comes from my old dinosaur book back when i was 8-12. not sure for today's estimate

[manic grail]

10 tons spino? Is NHMUK R-16421 really that big?

[outer tusk]

No

[frigid delta]

7.7-8.5 tons only
no 10 tons Spino

❤️

[sudden wind]

If it even is S.aegyptiacus

[manic grail]

Yea i thought so. I was quite surprised when i saw it lol

[fossil ingot]

7.6t Puru my Beloved
But yeah weight for both is wrong.

Puru should be 10.3m and 6400kgs(tho you can get it longer and heavier with some variation tmk)
And NHMUK is 14.7m and 7.85-8.5t

[manic grail]

14.7t huh

[frigid delta]

14.7 meters
not tons

[frigid delta]

i don't need them to fight
i wanted to see Spinosaurus x Carcharodontosaurs
why fight when you can either avoid each other or respect one and another
Lion & Crocodile moment?

[tough parcel]

Lions and crocodiles very much beef with each other 💀

[frigid delta]

NOOOO MY DREAM HAS BEEN DESTROYED

now i will see many Spinosaurus vs Carcharodontosaurus instead of Spinosaurus x Carcharodontosaurus 😔

[tough parcel]

I think there's several instances of crocs crawling out of the water to steal lion kills

[frigid delta]

"why did my Spino oomf crawls out of his water and steal my kill???"
-Carcha

[manic grail]

Yea i know i was just joking lol

[fossil ingot]

Funny Enough how the Aegyptiacus Holotype Lived with Tameryraptor and not Carcha lol

[sharp canyon]

I'd love to see paleoart of a whalefall but with a shastasaurid or mosasaur

[stable sun]

No, I'd say 13.3 m and ~6 t
The guy who made this chart is really unreliable