#history
1 messages ¡ Page 36 of 1
Alan D. Zimm's Attack on Pearl Harbor
Danke
cause iirc as much as Tovey wanted to sink Bisko, he didn't send 54 ships to blow her up.
The Home Fleet was, and it was only 13 last time I recall.
This is the bomb the Val carried
Perfectly fine against cruisers
Shit at taking out ground facilities
đż
#OTD in 1974, two torpedoes from the submarine JDS Narushio sank a Japanese tanker that had been burning for 17 days after colliding with a freighter in Tokyo Bay. The JMSDF towed the tanker to sea and used it for target practice before the Narushio performed the coup de grâce.
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/603819403821318144/1047075772705296424/unknown.png The Storming of Kediri during Trunojoyo's Rebellion by VOC troops, artwork by Willem Steelink Jr. (1890)
notably this was one of the largest warfare in Javanese history as both sides mobilized up to 20,000 troops each\
it also involved a suddenly marauding band of several thousand Makassarese fighters fresh from the wars between Makassar and VOC and looking for ooportunities for revenge
The Navy wants to upgrade its Zumwalt-class guided missile destroyers with a new radar, electronic weapons suite and anti-submarine warfare capabilities, as the service seeks to integrate the platform into the blue water fleet, according to a government request for information issued earlier this month. The Zumwalt Enterprise Upgrade Solution, a...

USS Missouri (BB-63) is one of four of the remaining Iowa-class Battleships. The Missouri was commissioned during World War II and ended the war in 1945 with the Japanese surrender on her deck that ended the war. Much of the technology on the Missouri is much older compared to the US Navy's modern day ships. Her main armament consisted of Nine 1...



Oh boy
Any of you got an idea of how much horses cost in 1200s England?
What a dumpsterfire the UK and US were in SEA
Ok nvm, did some reading and it turned out to be very costly
The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor was the united states exclusive stealth fighter that was built for 15 years from 1996 to 2011 with total of nearly 200 units (187 were operational while the 8 were the prototypes), the US government were banning the export of this fighter even to their close allies to prevent the stealth technology from exposed by other country
What the fuck
US command in Manila holding a discussion. When naval topics started McCunter instantly went kthxbai
Why did the Brit have so much carrier class in WW2? Most I read about them is that they are just improvement add during construction to create sub class, why did the Royal Navy do that?
scrolling up and sees...
"Upgrades for Zumwalt Destroyers
This channel is pure entertainment 
What the fuck 2.0
DEI defence purchases were almost all denied by the US because they thought the Netherlands Indies were to tied to Germany and therefore Nazis?
And the thinks they did allow, and was paid for, they resold to other customers at random intervals.

Mostly any navy did that. It just depends on when people feel like considering a ship a new subclass.
Homogenity isn't that important with ships either, as compared to a tank or aircraft where for repair and training reasons standardisation is important
And the Americans didn't do the same?
The British primarily stuck to the Illustrious class design for the basis of the later implacable class because it made design work faster and also construction, as it meant workers and designers weren't working with any drastically new concepts and could use the knowledge they had gained with the prior ships, but as time progressed the British also recognised that they needed improvements as lessons about what works and what doesn't are integrated
The 1942 design light fleet carriers are a prime example of this
When the Colossus class first entered service the British realised that the ships needed improvement, so the design was reworked with a reinforced flight deck and superior aircraft handling facilities, creating the Majestics
When you look at a navy like the US well, the Essex class is an improved version of the Yorktown class, sharing many design features while also being considerably larger and featuring the lessons of the older ships, and then when it was realised that the design needed to be modified for better sea keeping, they created the "long hull" variant, which under British classification would be a sub-class
Then we go into the mess that are CVLs ans CVEs
Otherwise known as "just convert that hull into a flat top" or "shit one out on an average of a week"
Also the slight desperation that are MAC ships - slap a flight deck on that tanker and go
MACs were pretty good though, in contrast to the other programs
There are the funnily reverse named CAM ships
But those planes have to ditch once the threat is over, so no recovery possible
I'd also note that each of the Yorktowns had slight differences too at their respective launches - until destroyed or modified in the war.
Insufficently to be a subclass, but it's there.
iirc it was half the price of a small house for the average horse. Warhorses tend to be more expensive depending on the specs.
also, they were experimenting and improving all the time, and only stayed with one design and further refining it when the Illustriouses had been built.
They also had WW1 battlecruiser and battleship hulls, so when WNT and LNT struck, they had no choice but convert and experiment with some of them to be carriers.
She making tourist bucks to this day tho
While hiryuu is in the middle of who knows where and only has tea as a simp

reminds me of the whole bell thing with navy stadium
they've got these two special bells they ring during Army-Navy games
lemme make sure I've got the details right
yeah so the naval academy in annapolis has two bells they use for football traditions
one of them is a replica of the bell given to Commodore Perry during his journey to the far east, and it's rung only if the navy beats the army
the other is Enterprise's bell, and it's rung continuously after the game until the team returns to their dorm
manjuu remembered they're legally obligated to release a new german whenever possible
wait what
A look at the iconic German Handgrenade the Stielhandgranate, more specifically the Stielhandgranate 24 and the Stielhandgranate 43.
Disclosure: Thank you to the Forum Wehrgeschichte OberĂśsterreich in Ebelsberg for inviting me. http://www.wehrgeschichte-ooe.at/
Cover: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-497-3503-09 / RĂśder / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE ...
did they release a new one
đ¤Ž
what happened
No Iâm talking about the whole
âOh shit Arizona METAâs been seen on a test server and itâs the 80th anniversary of Pearl Harbor?â
âNah give âem Gneisenauâ
they needed to set up their uvh wank event
i remember when all of en-lore was shitting on me for malding at gneisenau meta
then
ToT shat on us all
Ok we didnât think the 2022 schedule would just inhale IBâs entire dong
i doubt they even know what day ph is

we'll get jintsuu meta next season just you watch
and then sendai or something
they'll just have sendai meta show up and save alaska's ass in december, watch

anyways we're going off topic
i think the bigger issue is that arizona meta's design is
comedically bad compared to the rest of the newer ones
horse, move this to al lore before we get slapped
implying literally anyone gives a shit
Talk about jinxing big time
Bismarck was

Hi, do the Yamato-class battleships not exist to you?
Bismarck was second to a lot of ships mate
What's that?
Do you not know what the Yamato is
Oh I'm not trolling
Well about Yamato yes
but everything I say about Bismarck is true
So youâre telling me a battleship with only 8 380mm guns can beat a battleship displacing about 70,000 tons with 9 460mm guns here, got it

This is history, not memes.
So what is your contention?
Muh turtleback?
Deustche quality radar?
In the Atlantic in the pitch black? Most likely
Ah the radar argument
Radar moment
Yep
And ships beside iowa also have radar
uh huh
Sodak wouldâve shat over a Bismarck in the night
Bismarck best chance is to book it
Doubt
Where's that Rodney shooting the bridge meme
I have something better
That's just duel rudder designed ships in general
If the turtleback armour wasn't effective then why did only 2 shells penetrate the hull?
The stern literally was welded on to make it more round
The citadel size was so compromised due to turtleback that iirc it was possible to sink her without penetrating the citadel
Then why didn't the allies sink her?
they did
They .... Pretty much did just that
Kaptänleutnant von MĂźllenheim-Rechberg, when interrogated, ventured the opinion that âBismarckâ could still have held her own against âRodneyâ and âKing George Vâ had not a shell from, he believed H.M.S. âDorsetshireâ, hit the Main Control Position. This blew out âBismarckâsâ brains. Main armament was then put into local control and von MĂźllenheim-Rechberg moved to âBâ turret which was ordered to engage H.M.S. âDorsetshireâ. Only one salvo was fired. The gunâs crew had become thoroughly demoralised and mutinied and left the turret saying: âWe are not going to stay here for target practice.â MĂźllenheim-Rechberg also left the turret. Similar scenes were taking place all over the ship for at this time âBismarckâ was taking terrific punishment.
According to one prisoner one officer drew his revolver and shot down some of the crew when they refused to obey him. Turret after turret was silenced, and communications were wrecked. Shell after shell hit the upper deck which was speedily reduced to a mass of twisted steel scourged ever again by fresh shells. Fires had broker out amidships and aft. Sheets of flame were pouring out of the funnel and the shipâs four aircraft were also burning. One shot snapped the mainmast which spun down over the quarter deck creating fresh carnage. Slowly the ship began to heel to port, water began to pour below through ventilators on the port side, water also rendering two port secondary armament turrets useless. Below on the Battery Deck ratings fought to escape with others who jammed the companionways, afraid to run the gauntlet of fire sweeping the decks above. The order to âAbandon Shipâ never reached many parts of the vessel. Groups of men acted independently for themselves, but many such groups were blown to pieces before they could leave the ship.
As regards the final phase of the destruction of the âBismarckâ a conversation between two prisoners is worthy of notice. One remarked that a number of members of Germanyâs Propaganda Kompanie were on board who filmed the scenes during the last battle. His companion said: âIf that film was ever shown in Germany there would be no more volunteers for the German Navy.â!
Ja kamerade, bismarck was definitely sunk by her own crew
some of the immune zones in that calculation are hilarious, sodak turret faces are immune to like 4k yards
sodak would've 'shat' over a bismarck in any condition
Years of training for anti wherabooism paying off
Oh
whats going on in here


I forget who but didn't someone have the underwater pen report on bismarck
Baited the âscuttledâ argument and shat over it
Jaba has posted it
that seems like the perfect scenario for the fast battleships
I thought Bismarck got scuttled
I want to say jaba but I don't remember
i dont know about you brother
yea
With testimony of Bismarck survivors
Yeah thatâs wherb cope
She was technically scuttled.
How?
But the North Carolina, South Dakota, and Etc would school the Bismarck
Not really
But she was already negatively bouyant before that
It's a fact Bismarck was scuttled
It only made her sink faster
you see my ship didn't sink because I blew it up while it was sinking
so it was blown up, not sunk
"you cant fire me, i quit!"
Bismarck got Schooled by the Fleet Air Arm
a real one
And the Rodney Battlegroup
and then she Scuttled IIRC which after all is a total brittish victory
In some ways yes, in other ways no. USS Hornet took hundreds of shells, and many more torpedoes than Bismarck, to finally go down, but people hardly credit that to the Yorktownâs protective scheme. The fact of the matter is that big ships take a long time to actually sink due to their volume, and that shells generally make holes above the waterline rather than below it, letting in air rather than water. Plenty of examples of ships taking a long time to actually sink despite extensive bombardment, e.g. HMS Monarch spending 9 hours as a gunnery target before going down. And it should be noted that the vast majority of the shells that hit Bismarck were cruiser caliber; the large-caliber hits that would actually threaten her floatation were a small minority of the hits.
But it does speak some positives of her designâthat despite having a magazine fire she was able to avoid a detonation, which at least means her damage control was not much worse than Kirishimaâs (Turret Bruno suffered a deflagration that lifted it partially out of the barbette before flooding extinguished the magazine fire, a performance comparable to, or somewhat worse than, Kirishimaâs crews flooding her cordite magazines to prevent them from exploding). So the fact that she did not outright detonate is a plus, even if that bar is so low that Kirishima passed it when under 16â fire. But as others have noted, most of the hits consisted of overturning rubble on an already-sinking ship with devastated upper works. As BuShips notes in Northamptonâs damage report, ships that donât sink in a few minutes, tend to sink over the course of several hours due to progressive flooding. Without using torpedoes and without being able to detonate her already-flooded magazines, the British could not achieve a quick sinking, so all that remained was using a slowly sinking ship as target practice.
Quoting Jaba
did the crew set scuttling charges? yes
can those charges alone be credited with the sinking? no
not even Close
Me?
I'm trying to find the report because I swear they were able to gauge what contributed the most to her sinking
And quoting our resident spaghetti monster
@alpine onyx 
You honestly want me to put a source to her scuttling?
Yes
Read the rules fumbass
Yes
K then
Theyâre in pins
Cope and seethe you got baited https://youtu.be/v7lC1wN4sIU
Back at it again with the history video. Another one I have been wanting to do for a while now was about Bismarck being scuttled. Hopefully, this video will help arguments online.
Intro - (00:00:00)
German mentality - (00:01:03)
Survivors accounts - (00:03:02)
Professor Dr Robert mother f*cking D Bob Ballard - (00:06:04)
Torpedo damage and James...
I mean, she was technically scuttled.
i mean like one can argue that KGV deserves the Kill Credit
đ¤Ł
Did you just... Source yourself?
AH, THE CLASSIC TRICK
Thatâs your own video you moron
Most experts agree that the battle damage would have caused her to sink
Yep
what
We got Baited boys
And in that video I use sources
anyway if we're wanking battleships, maybe wank one that didn't delete her own radar the first time she fired her guns
glad you made a video and went over it
Bismarck was also slowly sinking due to an increasing list that allowed water to enter the ship via damage to the main deck
garzke
Don't make me get the Drachinifel source out where I debated him over Bismarck being scuttled
ok hold up
or a Battleship that could Actually, you know, Shoot down aircraft?
isnt he like
Mate, Drachinifel is a terrible source
drach is anything but a source
Mid as fuck?
two apes throwing shit at each other is not a good source
yeah hold up lmao
You mean the Wikipedia copier
he makes blatant errors and it's all opinion stuff
Sure buddy
Oh no it's just that he came onto our podcast and me and him had a debate over Bismarck being scuttled or sunk
neat flying sub
She was both.
Did he tell you you were totally wrong?
Long story short we couldn't answer the question because both points balanced out
No he said it was a good counter argument
go go gadget academic sources
Here's the patent page if you want to read the full thing
https://patents.google.com/patent/US3092060A/en
And civil
I'm still laughing over the video plug in đ¤Ł
They found massive fucking holes in the citadel armor from Rodneyâs shells
So
Uh
Bismarck was 100% Sunk, Its not really a scuttle when you are on your very last leg and about to get pounded by an entire Battlegroup
Literally the equivalent of me saying 'The source is I made it the fuck up'
Specially when you have no such thing as a belt or Superstructure anymore
No one is laughing but you mate
Well, I am laughing
But not withyou
So uhm, what's the definition of scuttling?
debate like that is exactly why wikipedia has trouble with primary sources
Ah but where is your counter video to prove she was sunk?
no qwerty I'm laughing
at you
We dont need a counter video
Garzke, Scroll up.
no at you qwerty
We use
because people could write their own untrue book and it would be a 'primary source'
we have eyes
Literature
saying bismarck was scuttled and not sunk is like saying japan was not defeated because they surrendered
and good sources
Brother, i will tell you another example
What about Akagi?
Ah but my Garzke source said it was scuttled so you might want to fact check that
I need you all to fucking read what regal posted
Technically she was
Wasnât kaga also scuttled
all 4 midway cvs are the same
Even tho she was like
they were all scuttled
Oh no kaga sunk
they couldnt be saved
Gone from the waterline up
Like she bluw up
Bismarck was overwhelmed and defeated by the gunfire and torpedoes of the Royal Navy, gradually sinking due to uncontrollable progressive flooding.
I didn't say she wasnt. Both can be true.
As many are probably aware by now, the crew aboard the late Paul G. Allen's deep-sea research vessel, RV Petrel, has made some remarkable discoveries on the ocean floor in the South Pacific recently. Over the weekend, they formally announced that they have found the Kaga and Akagi, two Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) aircraft carriers sunk during t...
Tea, may I ask for a reminder on rules regarding trolling
Fucking Paul Allen
No carrier can survive 35k~ kilograms of bombs detonating inside your ship
- Avgas
Kaga was sent to hell itself
I do military history as a university degree
What, did someone on the hood fuck your grandmother
ok and so did I
Oh nice
Also qwerty stfu be nice
Where at?
Aw that's a shame
Wasn't that Hiryu
it's just a big pseudo intellectual thing
she got scuttled while already doomed
we are talking online, shit doesnt mean much cause no credibility to trust randoms
yeah like
I'm sure there is a carrier Japan torped while leaving
Ah, like bismarck!
No I like Hood
yeah hiryu
You know who else was scuttled?
it's like this
The point id like to make is that the British were fully capable of sinking her
I just know Bismarck was scuttled
And had the Germans done nothing they certainly would have
REALLY Doomed
operation ten go was just an elaborate scuttle
prove me wrong
There was no way she was surviving
It literally was
they just made it quicker
Bottom line, the scuttling wasn't what killed her
Beach yourself on Okinawa and shoot marines
Operation Crossroads was a mass scuttle operation
Rodney and the Fleet Air Arm killed her
Hitler didn't kill himself he just got scuttled đ¤Ł
it just accelerated what was going to happen inevitably
doesn't mean the brits didn't get the kill
But if none of the shells penetrated Bismarck then she pretty much got scuttled
getting shot 25 times in the chest but you take your own life with a handgun before the oponent can actually reload
Itâs more like
Tbh that will count as suicide still
my brother in christ I literally linked an academic source explaining how many times she was penetrated
He shoved you off a cliff and you shot yourself in the way down
she was
see now
very much full of holes
Okay guys, question
now thats trolling
So was her superstructure
My source is the Robert Ballard book where she was reported to have 2 holes
Please cease and read/watch each others sources
Also Returning to the point, Bismarck is shit.
she was NOWHERE NEAR Fast battleships OR Yamato
But what about my Robert Ballard source?
My source is underwater photography
Goddamn, Bismarck cant even take on a king George V
yeah like
Guys I don't think Bismarck is shit. It's just not that efficient but it doesn't make her trash instantly 
literally look at it
Scuttling is an act of sinking a ship, but was Bismarck in the progress of sinking before or after the scuttling charges were activated?
If he went down to the wreck and said 'Oh I only see 2 holes' then is he a liar?
The actual cause of the sinking, however, was sabotage of the underwater valves by the onboard crew, according to Ballard, who said, "we found a hull that appears whole and relatively undamaged by the descent and impact". Film maker Cameron, however, said that his crew's examination of the wreckage indicated that the Bismarck would have sunk eventually even if it had not been scuttled.
Compared to her competition yeah
I mean, Compare bismarck to the fast battleships or even Treaty Battleships
can she really hold her own against a King George V?
Also I would put sources but my accommodation wifi is shit rn and I have to use mobile data
ooh here we go
how old are your sources
Already sinking, so scuttling is technically impossible then?
Mine?
yes
wehraboos don't really need logic

50s-now
........
wehraboos when the allmighty Tiger Ace Wittman is killed by Joe Akins with a random sherman
2013
eh?
I Mean, Lets compare the Efficiency of the Anti Air batteries in North Carolina and Bismarck
Oels gave the order to scuttle the ship yes?
Bro that's unfair. Compare it to beings like Richel or Littorio
compared to your wehraboo dumbass making claims contradicted by his own filmmaker
You do realise thats a non-answer?
Can you sink a sinking ship?
James Cameron never did the film with Ballard
Littorio is ages better than bismarck lmfao
if you cope hard enough
its not really a fair comparison
sodak is another league
same as nc
It was national geographic that did Ballard's film
Ngl I agree on that one 
anyways enough of the 'she scuttled herself' 'no she didn't bs because it's clear you are trying to drag this down into a semantics shitfest
So what, we compare her with Treaty Battleships?
Ballard was the 1990's and James Cameron was like 2004 so big date difference
Littorio is a pretty damn good Battleship.
LETS TALK ABOUT PRINCE OF WHALES THEN
lemme show u some pen charts
again, the scuttling charges were used but they were not solely responsible for her fate. They merely accelerated it
Yeah
Yep
I know that
Just how many Betty's and G3M's did Prince of Whales Take down?
No
While heavily damaged
Is that a dig at me?
This is trolling 
oh god no drach has rubbed off
What, are you going to talk about the shells now?
No I'm serious because her guns couldn't aim
Oh my god
@ivory ridge 
HAHHA
He is
KREMLIN DONT
i am answering your statement that bismarck is only second to Iowa
UNDIE IS GONNA DOX HIM
Treaty Battleships could battle bismarck

Let me remind you that bismarck fought a Deficient, Old, and about to be refitted Battlecruiser and a Treaty Battleship with its main battery not working
@humble mulch can you calm this shit down please, thank you
I will go back to cleaning my research tabs
"Litt was bad because her guns couldn't aim" my brother in christ Bismarck deleted her own FCS in her first engagement
and destroyed said battlecruiser with 5 salvos yes?
got
this is quite the rollercoaster of a discussion jesus christ
I'm not trolling
Littorio guns had poor shells that resulted in her guns having poor aim
That is called a Lucky shot, Congratulations, you sunk a 20+ years old BATTLECRUISER with your brand new battleship!
NOOOOO
if sinking one ship makes Bismarck famous then god Washington should be a fucking legend
If you see that fact as trolling then...idk
Washington deserves to get famous
there is a difference between a singular lucky shot
No wonder he's so focused on drac
and an entire career of sharpshooting
It all started with him claiming that âBismarck was second to none besides IowaââŚ
ok
Drach is a bad influence 
isn't the whole "littorio bad aim" thing a line that drach parrots around
yes
some of his vids are pretty funny to watch tho
his Plan Z Vid is a nice one!
But Anyway
I mean, you can hold it against him that he believes that. It's still the orthodox take because the information that overturns the bad shell discussion is pretty recent. Plenty of people are unaware of it.
Drach videos and their consequences have been a disaster for the human race
no
Whoâs Drach??
But, yes, the 'bad shells' thing is more bad history than anything else
you are just parroting consistently poor historians
that are biased against italians in ww2
man I stopped taking drach seriously after his entire alt history video on Hood surviving ended with Hood partaking in the falklands campaign somehow
fucking
My source for littorios guns being bad is the ships of war magazine issue 24
drach
wtf is war magazine
No ships of war magazine
@tribal mortar if Bismarck is good because she sunk a 20 year old battlecruiser within 5 salvos, then what the fuck is Washington?
a Demigod?
or should we send him some sources showing how he's been shoving the hottest BS up his ass?
It's a magazine that looks at ships...of war
is richy on? I feel like he'd have some details on littorio's gunnery
Drachinifel is a YouTuber that does introduction level videos on naval history. It's usually very poorly sourced and biased but he's the most popular around.
or the shells at least
undie is probably pulling up something as we speak
I can handle the Littorio gun question, just let me get to my PC

god lemme find his hood video

Seriously
well
That sounds like a secondary source almost as bad as that Java with turrets.
considering
Oh him.
Iâve subscribed to him
i know its unfair to compare bismarck to the Fast battleships
i can't even find ships of war magazine online
same
But even then
You want me to give you a link?
hewwo jaba
hope you dont mind me yoinking some of your textwalls
Washington did it at a greater distance, with a better overall precision, and in nightfighting
AGAINST THE JAPANESE
There
Something that goes down to primary sources please.
Lmao
so it's actually that
and more than ONE Ship
you're using a magazine
omfg
Ok, that is quite bad, casting quality had nothing to do with their dispersion
gentlemen
this is the best comedy i've seen in forever
this man is a walking quora post
Okay, can we get everyone to shut up for a few minutes while the people with copies of Bagnasco can actually type something
Thanks for the compliment
oh lord believe me, that wasn't a compliment
chat

he doesn't know
yeah everyone let Jaba, phoenix and others type their stuff up
I know đ
WE WILL NOT TALK ABOUT HAVOCK????
AH YES
HORRIBLE DISPERSION
Okay sorry.
So, as things stand - the 381/50 M1934 did not have dispersion issues relating to the gun itself, and most of the time it was a very accurate weapon system.
However, during early 1941, Vittorio Veneto - one of two ships at the time that mounted that model of gun - did have excessive dispersion, about double what was normal - for reasons that are not entirely clear. Likely it had to do with a poor quality propellant powder load, since that is the most likely to have an impact on dispersion of any one cause. Slight variations in shell weight actually don't have much of an impact on dispersion, despite that being given as a popular reason for why Italian guns had dispersion issues in the war.
Pretty much every other case these guns were used in action, no notable issues with dispersion were noted. In fact, at two of these actions, the ships were able to rapidly straddle their targets with just a few salvos and inflict splinter damage, despite the range being extreme (32,000 meters) and the targets being very small (cruisers and destroyers).
i remember reading that Littorio Did some really serious damage to 2 Destroyers in '42
As far as shell quality in general;
It has long been a part of the historiography of the RM in WWII that Italian guns had poor dispersion because of shell quality control being lax, but this is not really the case. This narrative was heavily influence by the writing of a handful of very influential people (namely, Admiral Iachino, in his efforts to defend his conduct during the war), but is not really reflected by primary sources from the era. It is true that the RM did allow looser tolerances on shell manufacture in the 1930s - but this was only a tolerance of 0.4 to 0.5%, not the 1% commonly cited, and this practice was ended in 1937, so it's not even clear that much if any 381/50 shell production might have suffered from it.
In any case, the investigations the RM did into dispersion issues with various guns in the late 1930s and up to 1940 covered a wide varity of potential causes, and shell quality was demonstrably not the cause for dispersion, but rather other reasons, which varied depending on the gun system (but were mainly confined to the 320/44, 203/50 & 53, 152/53, and 120/50).
CAST GUN BARRELS
I don't even
This is a bit of a hard one to pin down. The Second Battle of Sirte was a very confused affair with horrible weather conditions and heavy use of smokescreens by the British - which blinded themselves as much as the Italians (none of their ships in the action had radar fire control). Italian ships very often were firing only at flashes of gunfire in the smoke and spray, and could only occasionally observe enemy ships, or their own shell splashes, to make corrections. They were also forced to frequently change target rather than focus on any one ship
As a result, the origins of many hits are somewhat disputed. Ex, while it is generally agreed that HMS Cleopatra was struck by a 152mm shell, it is debated whether it came from Giovanni delle Bande Nere, or if it came from Littorio's secondary battery. Likewise, the hit on HMS Kingston may have come from Littorio or Gorizia, or even Trento.
That said, the 'hit' on Havock is generally agreed to have come from Littorio's main guns, though it was not so much a clean hit as it was a close straddle, though it was close enough to cause quite heavy damage, with splinters penetrating all three boiler rooms and the engine room.
Phoenix and Unde can probably take the lead on this one since they read up on the topic before I did, so I can instead provide some comparisons in the context of other navies to put the Littorio dispersion controversy into a bit of wider context.
The English language historiography of the Mediterranean theater of WWII has been largely dominated by British sourcesâperhaps not too surprising, but nevertheless they donât have access to most of half the story. More recently, Italian historians have put work into reexamining past narratives and have become more successful in getting their new findings out to English-language publications. Bagnasco and Toro in particular have a well-regarded book series about various ship classes in the Regia Marina, with other sources (e.g. publications in Storia Militare, works by Santarini, etc.) likewise weighing in on the discussion with their own research. So relying on the old narratives really is not appropriate now that better information (especially in English) is available.
As the most modern capital ships Italy had, the Littorios always had significant attention directed at themâbut the historiography has been largely out of date for quite some time, so a lot of âeveryone knows Xâ attitudes still abound about various aspects. In this regard, their gunnery is a particularly mythologized aspect. But when you actually look at the gunnery practices done at sea, over the course of years, with various shell types and across multiple ships, you find that the 381mm guns wereâŚactually only a bit below average in terms of dispersion. Yes, there are contemporary capital ships with lesser dispersion, but itâs far from some crippling flaw that renders the class impotent. There is really one action by one ship that had become the stereotype example for the entire class, which due to the narrowness of the English language historiography up until recently has become the dominant narrative of the class in its entirety (which is especially amusing when there were in fact other RM guns that did have persistent and severe dispersion issues, making the 381mm guns far from the worst of the bunch, despite the focus placed onto them).
Per Phoenix:
Bagnasco & de Toro actually give the 50% zone as 200 meters from 18-20 km, in their book on the Littorio-class.
(I have the book as well and can confirm)
Soyuz also suffered from propellant quality. (Apple does not fall far from the tree) 
But I agree with Phoenix. Problem of Veneto was %90 likely from Prop as well
For reference, a 200m 50% zone at 19km (splitting the difference) corresponds to a true mean dispersion of 0.62% of range, or a 9-gun pattern size of about 473m (2.49% of range).
For comparison, the German 38cm gun was rated for an inherent 108m 50% zone at 19km, and a 157m 50% zone at 19km for the main battery at sea (taking into account the usual issues of gunnery at sea), for a TMD of 0.49% of range. This would correspond to a theoretical 9-gun pattern size of 371m (1.95% of range).
The US 14" exhibited an empirical 0.55% TMD in the interwar period (presumably after delay coils), for a 50% zone of 177m at 19km and a theoretical 9-gun pattern size of 417m (2.20% of range).
The US 16" had an empirical 0.40% TMD during WWII for AP, and 0.60% TMD for HC. This comes out to a 50% zone of 129m at 19km and a 9-gun pattern size of 305m (1.60% of range) for AP. For HC, this is a 50% zone of 193m and a 9-gun pattern size of 456m (2.40% of range).
In 1942-1944, the British 14" had an empirical mean 212yd 50% zone at 18.3kyd, which extrapolates to 220m 50% zone at 19km. A subset of this data set (only shoots at 20-24kyd) gives a lower (and probably more accurate) value of 197m 50% zone at 19km, for a TMD of 0.61% of range and a theoretical 9-gun pattern size of 461m (2.43% of range).
(Don't focus too much on second decimal places and ones place meters; they're just there for some transparency on numbers used)
Jaba to the rescue with empirical data
I will note, a lot of the bad historiography on shell quality does originate with Italian sources (as mentioned above, Iachino being a major culprit, especially as Fioravanzo quoted from him a lot of the official histories), though this is what informed a lot of the early English writing on the RM in WWII.
But the research that has started to overturn much of this only really started getting published in Italian in the 1990s, and in English... in the last ten years only.
Yeah, I donât necessarily fault the English writers for trusting the Italians early onâtranslation work is expensive and actually a major hurdle for researchers, so primary source investigation before machine translations was quite difficult (Parshall has a good talk about this)
Absolutely. And they had no reason to doubt Iachino, since plenty of other Italian authors relied on what he said
I have some of Bagnasco's earlier stuff in Italian from the 1970s, and he repeats the same line about shell quality and dispersion as everyone else did back then.
But itâs easy for a specific historical narrative to âcrystalizeâ around what was really a tentative or speculative conclusion at the time, and through repetition become practically unchallenged
Mood.
see, the problem with WWII historiography is that in general, for the last decades or so public knowledge about it has been, to put it mildly, pretty stagnated, relying on older sources that sometimes originated from pre-Cold War end and less than reputable books with presentable looks that the public can easily chew. It's only around the 2010s that there's been major turnarounds of established knowledges about the entire event, helped by the internet bringing these new research into light faster than ever before
i love the internet for what it is but god i hate it for the Tankies, Wehrbs, and Teaboos
the voices 
Where freedomaboo
Oh wait 
ok maybe it's me but like
i forgot about it
For comparison, at the max range of her guns, Yamatoâs TMD is similar to the US 16â guns firing AP (~0.4% of range), so if we take that as an approximation of her TMD at medium range (which is not strictly true, and likely a slight underestimate, given German data), sheâd have similar pattern sizes and dispersion characteristics at the given range as the US 16â AP
I've yet to run into a teeaboo who's as bad as the others
lmao
i was too busy thinking of the term for the brits
Yeah Freaboos, Pastaboos, Tojoboos, all that shit
@manic latch Happy now?
No ouiaboo
Or Ikeaboo
I'd also note that for the english, a lot of what they heard about dispersion probably was confirmation bias for them, because they themselves had observes the Italians straddle quickly (good fire control), but then seem to have more dispersed salvoes, especially in actions when targets started maneuvering.
The latter definitely makes sense, because this was actually related to what the Italians identified for their own fire control as contributing to dispersion - older ships (like the heavy cruisers) had FTP systems that were not as 'tight' or responsive as later ones, and struggled to give the necessary corrections to train and elevation orders fast enough and accurately enough to account for own-ship maneuvers. This caused increased dispersion.
Likewise, when looking at the former part of the issue, the British probably did not understand Italian salvo practice, which often had guns aim in offset manners to help check range and azimuth accuracy at the same time. What was actually two seperate salvoes may have at times been interpreted as one very widely spread salvo by the British.
In comparsion, the Italians tended to fire British gunnery producing very tight salvoes, if usually not very accurately aimed ones.
đĽ oui
should we ping the guy considering the people with the real info have finished their testaments?
Doubt Gangsta read them anyway
EN
Tho now I have copy pastes to use when someone brings up Italian shell quality
Quick Reference Links:
What books do y'all suggest I read to get to know warships: #history message
Littioro Gun Dispersion: #history message
its hard to pin convos dont mind me
talking about Alt history, how possible was for Yamato to take down one of the Fast battleships at Ten-Go? assuming no Air raid of course.
if theres anything else yall want me to add to that or pin in general let me know
Man vs battles varies on lot of things. It's %60 about luck for me
Who see who first who fire first who hit first who survive the hit how etc
yeah it depends on a good deal
iirc with Ten-Go she was actually going to be intercepted by a whole line of Standards
I feel she could at most, fuck someone up
who sees who first, fleet composition, etc
or just start a new conversation instead of beating a dead horse
Realized something ironic
Vasa sink after launch because of her freeboard height with top weight right
beating a dead horse, horse kicks back
Not very likelyâgiven how badly she's outnumbered, Lanchester's Square Law suggests she would be very rapidly rendered impotent
A 6 v 1 battle doesn't mean each side loses 1 on average, in naval warfare
It's more like a 36:1 ratio of damage taken to inflicted
Which is why navies are very careful to not commit to a fight when they think they are at a disadvantage
Generally speaking
(This is for turreted gun ships, not applicable to carriers, missile ships, or ships of the line)
Yeah probably
@tribal mortar
What were the two non iowa BBs?
USSÂ Massachusetts, Indiana, New Jersey, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Missouri
Im pretty sure all 4 Iowas were never together during the war
and iirc there is a single photo where they are, and it's post war
but i could be misremembering
that is correct
Yep, 1954
USS Iowa (BB-61), USS New Jersey (BB-62), USS Missouri (BB-63), and USS Wisconsin (BB-64) in formation in the one and only time all four completed Iowa class battleships were together on June 7, 1954.
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/81398
I'm on Tumblr, check out at lonestarbattleship.tumblr.com and Instagram at lone.star.battleship
If this was 1944, it wouldâve been a sight
oh shit yeah, June 7
You donât find teaching fun?

Ridiculous
You ought to be devastated when not engaging in the education of the brilliant next generation
Iâd throw it to not that likely. Without advance radar like the USN, the Yamato likely canât exploit her range potential
If you enjoy beating a dead horse over and over again, sure
But I guess that applies to Bismarck bashing too 
Bismarck dead horse is fun
sometime it suddenly kicks back
and we beat it twice as hard
On the Littorio issue, remember, just need to look at two photos of Matapan without proper timestamping (or positioning) , and quickly reach the conclusion that the salvos are more than 1km apart - A certain historian
It's a shame that Bagnasco passed away this year.
Not standards - All of the BBs involved are fast battleships of the US Navy, plus the 2CBs and a whopping 21 destroyers in tow.
That is before accounting for the 3 carriers of the force, Yorktown, Enterprise, and Intrepid, which was hauling ass to get within range and would be in combat if the 8 carriers magically didn't prevail against Ito's force.
The ship was unstable
A strong gust of wind pitched the ship, water goes into the gunports, dead ship
did the japs have any gull wing shaped aircraft in ww2? i swear i remember seeing one a long time ago but i cant seem to find it online?
B7As, A7Ms kinda sorta iirc
thanks i knew i had seen it but just forgot what it was called
The moment Bismarck gets mentioned in this channel it turns into a weird mess of an argument

I don't get the controversy. Bismarck wasn't a super great armored cruiser, but she was Germany's first attempt at building one, so some missteps are understandable.
I hear
kai?
Tho realistically speaking, for the weird requirements given Bismarck's design was to be expected, drop in a KGV or a Littorio and it'd be a "topic missed, f-grade"
bismarck does have wonderful immune zones against the old 15'' guns, so props to that
"Resist your own shellfire at 15km"
"But our tables say that'd require like half a meter of belt?"
"Sounds like a you-problem"
then you better start making belt
make belt or get the belt
If my memory is correct the Germans straight up dismissed cemented armor slaps thicker than 380mm, and deemed 320mm to be the sweet spot for protection vs thickness
wooooooo you believe in the 14 inch belt scharnhorst woooooooo

The Mk 27 Mod 0 radar installed in turret 3 as experimental installation performed well. Neither the antenna or set was affected by gunfire. Using precision, targets were tracked in with antennas set in deflection, as indicated by Plot on the deflection indicator. Targets were picked up at 36,000 yards. Splashes were spotted at the firing range with no difficulty, splashes being one fourth the size of the target pips. Considerable interference was experienced at times on the scope but no indications of jamming. Pips of DD's faded at 20,000 yards. Projectiles which crossed the antenna beam appeared on the scope.
WeeVee had a backup rangefinding radar installed in one of her turrets 
I wonder how it was installed
or if maybe Silver has some photo of them
(somehow the backup radar in the turret is still of higher range accuracy than Yamatoâs radar)

I do wonder how and where it was fitted
Jaba, right in front and beneath where Turret 3's rangefinder usef tobe
Happen to have/know of any photos?
Interesting, interesting
Happen to know any other ships so fitted off the top of your head?
It is much more visible on California and Tennessee due to close up shots available.
Iowa had a Mark 27 + SG set sitting on top the conning tower.
this right?
Yeap!
ngl the Tennessee class of BB's was interesting
indeed
new mexico but bigger
I think it's becoming more common as refits started going out left, right and centre.
now I want to check WOWs to see if they have that little SG radar on their ships
They do.
yay! đ
Many of WoWS' models are off though, so not recommended as a source.
figures
On both sides, replacing the rangefinder arms.
with that position I don't think blast could affect the dish unless you fire the fourth turret at some extreme angle
i mean
if you turned both front turrets to broadside and fired the front gun would proobably fuck them up
No, it wouldn't.

those dishes would be shielded by the superstructure
maybe i'm just underestimating radar survivability then
The position of the radar dish would rotate being mounted at the widest possible point of the turret.
if you turn the rear turrets to fire as far forward as possible, and then fire the fourth, you might get (un)lucky there
Meaning, if at full broadside, the radar dish is roughly around the middle of the turret.

yeah rethinking orientations it makes sense
you would need to have the a turret firing as far as possible to stern
And the turret grouping of 3 and 4 is quite tight.
You're not going to rotate turret 4 much more than turret 3 is going to do, if at all possible.
Granted they are not at the exact position the rangefinders are, but if they did fine at broadside or so, they are probably fine over extreme angles, but I'd agree with some unlucky cases.
man
the more i look into more unconventional wheeled tanks the more i hate cockerill and its fucking 90mm
Cute
Burning Italian light cruiser "Bartolomeo Colleoni" during the battle at Cape Spada.
In the battle off Cape Spada, the Italian light cruisers Giovanni delle Bande Nere and Bartolomeo Colleoni fought with a British formation of one light cruiser (Australian Sydney) and five destroyers. The hit of the Sydney shell in the engine room of the Bartolomeo Colleoni led to a powerful explosion and immobilization of the Italian cruiser. The British destroyers Ilex and Hyperion finished off the Italian ship by torpedoing it. 121 crew members of the Bartolomeo Colleoni were killed.

iirc wasn't the HMAS Sydney sunk by a disguised merchant ship that was armed and all hands lost on both ships? or was there a few survivors from the disguised ship?
Komoran had survivors.
Sydney was a total loss. A few carley floats bearing her name was washed up Christmas Island later.
ah ok
Thanks to a compromised ability to render their fuel tanks inert, F-35A Lighting IIs canât fly within 25 miles of a thunderstorm or strong atmospheric electrical activity. Over two years after issuing the flight restriction, the F-35 Joint Program Office was expected to lift it. It hasnât.
The issue lies within the F-35âs OBIGGS (Onboard Inert Gas Generation) system which pumps nitrogen-enriched air into its fuel tanks to inert them, preventing the aircraft from exploding if it is struck by lightning. Apparently, the tubing and fittings inside the F-35âs fuel tank (which deliver the nitrogen mix) cease to function effectively over time due to the vibrations and possibly swings in temperature and pressure during flight
How do you fix this issue? Better fuel tank?
Wider tubes?
@spiral cedar Sorry for the hastily assembled reply, but I'm confident that the Mark 27 set was universally applied to all US Fast battleships. I'm also not sure why I said "Mark 27 + SG", when it is clearly just a Mark 27 Antenna.
From top to bottom , SoDak, Wisconsin, Washington. North Carolina from what I observe had a different mounting position, but most of the fast battleships had them mounted over the conning tower behind the periscope or the tower mast structure.
Contrary to my previous statement, Tennessee did not mount a Mark 27 radar on her turret 3, and retained her rangefinder arms on it until the end of her service life. A cursory search shows that California herself did not have Mark 27 radars on her Turret 3 as she came out of Puget Sound in 1944, suggesting that she, too, would not receive Mark 27s if she did not receive a kamikaze hit that necessitated repairs on the West Coast (which also enlarged her spotting top position).
In short, I suspect WeeVee is the first (of the only two standards that I've found) to have received Mark 27 radars - and was successful enough that California also got it when she needed repairs.
as for the issue of gun blast earlier - I know it's extremely hypocritical of me to use WoWS as a reference point, but there seems to be sufficient distance to nullify blast interference even at maximum extreme angle firing.
(Can't say the same for the Mk 24 oerlikons below it - surprisingly, I haven't heard of severe burn injuries or oerlikons getting smashed to pieces from gunnery fire on the US side, even though Richelieu trashed hers accidentally at one point.)


Thatâs what it would feel like getting hit with the blast
Type 1 submersible gun
Catch Jonathan in his element as he discusses one of his much favourite and most researched weapons, the EM-2. These are no ordinary variants however, with both weapons being shipped out for 'in-country' testing in the 1950s.
Subscribe to our channel for more videos about arms and armour
Help us bring history to life by supporting us here: ...
thanks m14
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63800674 @spring briar



muchos gracias
Kinda curious whether the turret (instead of conning tower) installation happened on the FBBs as well, or if it was just on the slow BBs
https://twitter.com/SydneyFreedberg/status/1597973315645476864
https://twitter.com/SydneyFreedberg/status/1597973608080416768
there was a single confirmed survivor of the loss of HMAS Sydney, Able seaman Thomas Welsby Clark, from New Farm in Brisbane who was identified in 2021
His body washed up on Christmas island 3 months after the ship was lost, as he was not rescued and died at sea during the 3 month period after the sinking
The Royal Australian Navy cruiser HMAS Sydney (II) was sunk off Western Australia on 19 November 1941 after an intense battle with the disguised German merchant raider HSK Kormoran about 120 nautical miles (222 km) west of Steep Point. It remains the nation's greatest maritime disaster.
Now after 80 years, the only body recovered from the 645 ...
Ah ok
Iâm pretty sure there was a crewman of the HMAS Sydney that wasnât on board at the time of the sinking
I will never forgive the M14
Only on slow BBs as far as I'm aware.
History being made today boys!
Iâll be happy when they finally put the damn thing in the water instead of posting a million pictures teasing it at every possibly opportunity
I'm just bemused that, much like the pace of construction was glacial, it is also taking them ages for them to 'launch' the ship into water.
It's almost poetic.
How long did it take sailing in reverse for 1800 miles;-;
12 days
Considering the average cruise speed of a ship, probably not that longer too
Fuel consumption levels die when you hit high speeds and is usually reserved for combat, but I guess if you need to haul ass like Indianapolis in delivering the nukes, you can go turbo mode
how many ABs have been launched it the time it took to assemble Glasgow again?
yeah, ships sail below 20 knots 95% of the time
even including combat
there's been 5 Burkes launched launched and 6 commissioned (lots of overlap) in the time it's taken to launch Glasgow
Is this just 21 knot battle line propaganda maka, smh
nope, jaba even pointed it out once too
average speed in guadalcanal was 19something knots, combat accounted for
very slow
Yea, it makes sense. Unless shit hits the fan, no need to kill your fuel.
And then there's Samuel B Roberts doing 26 knots on a ship rated for 23 when shit hit the fan.
Ah. Mixed up the numbers.
using every bit of the pressure margin the USN liked to keep
And then there's the French
which iirc is listed power + 10%
speedus deletus
Decided to read on US foreign relations just because
Didn't know Oregon was used by New Englanders as a stopping point for the China trade
funny Oregon fact
Oregon was founded as a free/non-slavery state because the settlers were just that fucking racist
wat is dis abomination i have found
Its british
makes sense
fair enough i guess 
Submarine I assume, but Hoch is still just worse
that is a massive superstructure for a ship of that size
I mean I get it the brits take forever to build shit
but like its either take forever
or have the yards close because they aren't producing anything
before ww1 it would have taken the US to build 1 ship the Brits built 5
La gal: design speed of 31, trails 35
For all of them
even before ww1 the US was trying to establish itself as a naval power
see: Teddy Roosevelt and the Great White Fleet
yeah trying's the key word
tfw CERP gets frozen a week out from the B-21 reveal
in all likelihood it's probably a repeat of the whole F35-production-freeze where they found a component was manufactured in china or something
but the timing's kinda hilarious
eh it was more like 2 ships to 3 at worst
and then in retrospect you look at the cut corners
wonder how quick the RN would have rotted without Fisher slowing things down
for a while
reintroducing a more professional culture
hm, ironic as he was anything but
considering the state of the RN when he first arrived on the scene?
rn culture isn't an area I really know much about being honest
I just know fisher was as much a jerk as a weirdo
think good ol' boys club with social circles decided since primary school with an assumed air of eternal superiority
now turn it up to 11
that's what Fisher had to weed out, which was especially important as shipbuilding advances were essentially forcing a reset on naval primacy
you'd have to be a crazy to survive and uproot that
and it didn't even totally work
I suppose that's easy to imagine yeah, would fit the caricture
HMS Captain's affair is just a shitshow for the mid 19th century RN
31 

wake the fuck up, new Spinosaurus paper that invalidates the previous research that invalidated the research before it is out https://elifesciences.org/articles/80092
Makeupyourgoddamnmindonthespinosaurussaurus
Question. Did this happen because plane didn't had electricity? So did it try to close it by itself or the momentum caused it?
next year's research paper: actually Spinosaurus IS an Aquatic Dinosaur
I think the momentum caused it to just fold back up?
Cause it looks pretty bouncey and whatever is towing it just keeps going
Also yeah I feel dinos will be like this for a good while, feathers as a much broader example of how research and development goes with them
Spinosaurus research in particular is even more fucked up than your usual dino research
since 2014 its general shape, diet, size, weight, lifestyle and habitat changed every other year or so
I wonder how future biologists react to the platypus
At this point I wouldn't even bat an eye at spinosaurus being revealed to have fucking laser beam eyes.
what if they don't have eyes
they hunt exclusively with echolocation and the holes in their skulls are actually additional mouths

Jack-O-Pose F-35
MiG-31s are cool af I love it in AC7

malta's new flagship looks baller as FUCK
Look at that subtle off-white coloring. The tasteful thickness of it. Oh, my God. It even has helicopter facilities and an open-air hallway
the cutouts for speeeeed
convenient railings for bipoded MMGs to be mounted on if any somali pirates try some shit
Awww she is like smol project 20380 
is this from the 2022 or 2021 edition of osprey warships
Got it from @heavy bay
Wait I'm missing the context here
Which Project was this?
Jaba: Enters
Post screenshot of a info about a Soviet ship without saying which one it is
Leaves

Project 3 presumably
What is Project 1
Leningrad
Fugas Class minesweeper?
Hmk
Yeah they did had such faults
Holy shit I forgot some of them used lend lease 20mm Oerlikons
Based
first of all he got it from someone else
as he stated
he doesn't have the original source
and secondly the name of the project is also in the text
so
So what's the context tho
you're also late
I don't get that
Ironic
tru
Did someone asked Jaba about Project 3 I wonder
well kremlin
it took me about 5 seconds googling the first line of the picture and i got this
?
I share interesting stuff all the time
Nothing more than that
well you see kremlin
this is a history channel
with
history about warships in it
I'm just fascinated then Jaba. It's the first time I actually saw someone speak of Project 3 
hence jaba can share stuff about it
even if it's stuff criticizing glorious soviet navy
@tough quail Smash or Pass? 
Too bland

it looks like its from an 80s cartoon i enjoy
I assume Aircraft 125 will be more of your liking
well yeah
Or this layout
That image looks weird when Iâm not zoomed in
I prefer su-34 tho, because it has experience smashing random civilians

To think this is the same guy that got angry to me for joking about disappearance of a sea diving agent because "someone died" 
I like this one
Meanwhile a concept of M-50
now that is plen
is the back of the M-50 supposed to be so low?
Looking at result. Seems so
It also created this concept
Since back was so low it already gave the angle for launch
You can also use boats
And trains
Or planes
You can also use bigger plane if you want more range of course
Oh for sure. Gaz-16 for example
This girl is more complex than Ekro if you ask me
and was it the USSR that wanted to build a flying aircraft carrier that hovers or Was that the USA
Soviet T-500
Yep its USSR gone crazy
ahhh yes
America wanted a gigantic transport as Pelican
the Mustard videos on USSR machines 
Needs to make this one
the USA also had a concept of turning a 747 into a flying aircraft carrier
Yeah that one is more famous
And Soviets tried it long ago anyway
Parasite fighters some reason don't really work. Only good on paper
they seem a good idea on paper, not so good when you actually test it
i remember the name for this finally, the VVA-14
There is also Project 748
Submarine landing ship
oh god










