#help-39

1 messages · Page 321 of 1

stoic imp
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can I use weak induction?

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@summer imp

summer imp
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You could make it work with weak, but it's awkward. Instead of proving the statement P(n) for all n, you would essentially need to change the statement to the equivalent statement P(n) and P(n-1) for all n and handle two cases at once.

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Again they're equivalent, so you're free to use strong induction all the time if you want

stoic imp
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can we prove this using strong induction

summer imp
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.

stoic imp
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n = 2

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I already proved the base case

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@summer imp

summer imp
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So now what would be your induction hypothesis?

stoic imp
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2 < k < m holds

summer imp
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<=

stoic imp
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2 < k <= m

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@summer imp

summer imp
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both

stoic imp
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2 <= k <= m

summer imp
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So you should write that your statement holds for 2 <= k <= m.

stoic imp
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that P(k) holds forall 2 <= k <= m

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@summer imp

summer imp
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And now you want to prove that P(m+1).

stoic imp
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how do I do it

summer imp
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What is P(m+1)?

stoic imp
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,, a_{m + 1} = (m + 1)! \sum_{k = 1}^{m} \frac{1}{k!}

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@summer imp

summer imp
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I see no m+1 in there.

stoic imp
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@summer imp

jolly parrotBOT
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Renato

stoic imp
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now yes ?

summer imp
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Yes

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This is what you want to prove.

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Now you're given some recursive definition of a_n. Apply it to a_(m+1)

stoic imp
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in particular we know that P(k) holds for 2 <= k <= m

summer imp
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How is a_n defined?

stoic imp
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,, a_{m + 1} = (m + 1)(1 + a_m)

jolly parrotBOT
#

Renato

stoic imp
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this shit still depends on am

summer imp
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Hence why you use induction.

stoic imp
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,, a_{m + 1} = (m + 1)! \sum_{k = 1}^{m} \frac{1}{k!} \ (m + 1)(1 + a_m) = (m + 1)! \sum_{k = 1}^{m} \frac{1}{k!}

jolly parrotBOT
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Renato

stoic imp
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@summer imp

summer imp
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Well in the end this is what you want.

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What do you know about a_m?

stoic imp
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,, a_m = m! \sum_{k = 1}^{m - 1} \frac{1}{k!}

jolly parrotBOT
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Renato

stoic imp
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because p(m) holds

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@summer imp

summer imp
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Yes good continue.

stoic imp
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,, a_{m + 1} = (m + 1)(1 + a_m) \ a_{m + 1} = (m+1) \left(1 + m! \sum_{k = 1}^{m - 1} \frac{1}{k!}\right)

jolly parrotBOT
#

Renato

stoic imp
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@summer imp

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like this?

summer imp
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Yes/

stoic imp
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,, a_{m + 1} = (m + 1)(1 + a_m) \ a_{m + 1} = (m+1) \left(1 + m! \sum_{k = 1}^{m - 1} \frac{1}{k!}\right) \ a_{m + 1} = (m + 1) + (m+1)! \sum_{k=1}^{m - 1} \frac{1}{k!}

jolly parrotBOT
#

Renato

stoic imp
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@summer imp

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like this?

summer imp
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Yes

stoic imp
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(m+1)! / (m-1) = (m+1).m.(m-1).(m-2)! / (m-1) = (m+1).m.(m-2)!

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,, \sum_{k = 1}^{m} \frac{1}{k!} = \frac{1}{m!} + \sum_{k = 1}^{m - 1} \frac{1}{k!} \ \left(\sum_{k = 1}^{m} \frac{1}{k!} \right) - \frac{1}{m!} = \sum_{k = 1}^{m - 1} \frac{1}{k!}

jolly parrotBOT
#

Renato

stoic imp
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(m+1)!/m! = (m+1).m!/m!

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bingo

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,, a_{m + 1} = (m + 1)(1 + a_m) \ a_{m + 1} = (m+1) \left(1 + m! \sum_{k = 1}^{m - 1} \frac{1}{k!}\right) \ a_{m + 1} = (m + 1) + (m+1)! \sum_{k=1}^{m - 1} \frac{1}{k!} \ a_{m + 1} = (m + 1) + (m+1)! \cdot \left(- \frac{1}{m!} + \sum_{k = 1}^m \frac{1}{k!}\right) \ a_{m + 1} = (m+1)! \sum_{k = 1}^m \frac{1}{k!}

jolly parrotBOT
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Renato

stoic imp
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@summer imp

summer imp
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So then P(k) for 2 <= k <= m implies P(m+1) and by strong induction P(n) holds for all n in N.

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Notice how you didn't need to use anything other than the case k=m to prove k=m+1.

stoic imp
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whats your point?

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@summer imp

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strong induction is more useful than knowing weak induction

summer imp
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My point is just that assuming P(k) holds for 2<= k<= m was unnecessary in the end. You could've just assumed that P(m) holds.

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And the argument would've been the same.

stoic imp
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I still prefer it

summer imp
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It's a matter of style. I was just pointing it out.

stoic imp
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strong

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can you help me with the proof structure?

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@summer imp

summer imp
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It's always the same thing :
base case
induction hypothesis : Suppose (your induction hypothesis about P(m))
induction step : Then P(m+1).
By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) holds for any natural >= (your base case).

stoic imp
summer imp
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Well you have all the pieces. You've done the base case. You've written down your induction hypothesis. You've proved the induction step.

summer imp
summer imp
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It's the same thing. You induction hypothesis will be that P(k) holds for 2 <= k <= m

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The format is always the same

stoic imp
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.close

pearl pondBOT
#
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pearl pondBOT
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rigid terrace
#

I'm forgetting how to do something simple.
Going through a power series to find the convergence interval, I've manipulated it into geometric series form and found that r = (x - 4) ^ (-7).
This means the power series converges on | (x - 4) ^ (-7) | < 1.

rigid terrace
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I should be able to solve that the convergence interval is (−∞,3) ∪ (5,∞). I've forgotten how.

cobalt hinge
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do you remember the ratio test perchance (i don't expect you to)

rigid terrace
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finding the infinite limit of the absolute value of series a sub n+1 / series a sub n < 1 ?

cobalt hinge
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yea

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so just do that with this is all

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find what $x$ satisfies $\lim_{n\to\infty}\qty|\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|<1$

jolly parrotBOT
cobalt hinge
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or like

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a geometric series with ratio r converges with |r|<1 is also another way you can do this (so you're halfway there)

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you can use that |x^n|=|x|^n to simplify the inequality

rigid terrace
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that's right, I should be able to do that..
just curious, should it be simple to see | (x - 4) ^ (-7) | < 1 and solve for the interval being one away from 4? I'm wondering how the speed would compare to the limit ratio test, if I remember how

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my instruction just says this:

rough forge
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The step is simply skipped

jolly parrotBOT
cobalt hinge
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the interval solving part not as much imo

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its a little bit of algebra that you may or may not know cause inequalities are a bit tricky

rigid terrace
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gotcha. I guess I need more practice

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thanks for the help!

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.close

pearl pondBOT
#
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long nova
#

how do i know the direction of DA?

pearl pondBOT
long nova
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i know the magnitude is 3q

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but how can i determine if DA is from D to A or if its AD from A to D

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or do i assume its -3q since its parallel to CB

cobalt hinge
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you determine that based on calculations

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DA itself is just a line segment, not a vector

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until you assign it direction it stays that way

long nova
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so if i want to express DB as DA + AB would DA be 3q or -3q?

cobalt hinge
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i would say -3q since vector BC = 3q

long nova
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so parallel vectors are opposite of each other?

cobalt hinge
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nah

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if you were to do BA+AD we'd use 3q

cobalt hinge
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BC has the upwards direction, so AD will have the same sign, whereas DA will have opposite

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looking at where the vector is travelling to and from

long nova
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oh so since AD and CB are parallel, they should share the same direction? thus DA is opposing it so its negative?

cobalt hinge
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parallel in a direction sense, yeah

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DA and BC would be antiparallel, that's all i'm trying to say here

long nova
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ohh ok i see

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ok thanks @cobalt hinge i appreciate your help

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.close

pearl pondBOT
#
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cobalt hinge
#

:D

pearl pondBOT
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stoic imp
pearl pondBOT
jolly parrotBOT
#

Renato

stoic imp
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,w simplify 2a^2 - b^2 -2(a^2 - 3b^2)

stoic imp
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,w simplify -3(2a^2-b^2) + a^2 -3b^2

stoic imp
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d = gcd(2a^2-b^2, a^2 - 3b^2)
d | 5b^2
d | 5a^2
=> d | gcd(5b^2, 5a^2) => d | 5.gcd(b^2, a^2) => d | 5.gcd(a,b)^2 => d | 5.7^2

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,w divisors 245

stoic imp
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also from gcd(a,b) = 7 we get that 7 | a, 7 | b and that 5 does not divide b

pearl pondBOT
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@stoic imp Has your question been resolved?

stoic imp
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fuck my life dude

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I am close but can't finish it

pearl pondBOT
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@stoic imp Has your question been resolved?

toxic zinc
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is it 49?

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$5|a, \gcd(a,b)=7$ calculate $\gcd(2a^2 - b^2, a^2 - 3b^2)$, okay so \ $\gcd(2a^2 - b^2, a^2 - 3b^2) = \gcd(5b^2, a^2 - 3b^2) = \gcd(b^2,a^2-3b^2)$, since $5\nmid b \Rightarrow 3b^2 \not\equiv 0 \pmod{5}$, so $ \gcd(b^2,a^2-3b^2) = \gcd(a^2,b^2) = 49$

woven matrix
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well, 7 divides a and b so divides 2a²-b² and a²-3b², at least you know the gcd won't be 5

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it can only be 7, 35, 49, or 245 in the first place

toxic zinc
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is it correct?

jolly parrotBOT
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amywinehouse11

woven matrix
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seems correct to me

errant solstice
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sorry for interrupting, but just to clarify, are we allowed to basically give helpees the solution directly like this?

woven matrix
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not really but renato solved 95% of it and found d | 245, I hinted he couldn't do random stuff with the 5

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so he kinda was supposed to find the last step

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it is recommended to not give a full sol but sometimes it's hard to not add a detail

errant solstice
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fair enough. sorry for interrupting again.

stoic imp
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can someone explain

woven matrix
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you said d | 5a² and 5b², that's true
but what you could conclude was that since it divides b² and a²-3b², it doesn't contain a 5

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since 5 divides a but not b, it doesn't divide a²-3b²

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so your gcd is gcd(b², a²-3b²)

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you removed the 5 of 5b² from knowing 5 doesn't divide d

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and gcd(b², a²-3b²) is gcd(a², b²)

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and you already figured out this one was 49

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hence, the answer is 49

woven matrix
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how what ?

toxic zinc
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think of the prime decomposition of numbers if you have gcd(a,b), and 5|a but 5 doesnt divide b, then 5 cannot appear as a result of this gcd so you can eliminate all prime factors of 5 of a and its gonna be the same gcd

stoic imp
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how is gcd(5b^2, a^2 - 3b^2) = gcd(b^2, a^2 - 3b^2)

toxic zinc
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5b^2 is a multiple of 5, and a^2 - 3b^2 isnt

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bcs a^2 is a multiple of 5, but 3b^2 isnt

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until you dont think about prime decomposition you arent gonna be good at number theory

woven matrix
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if you want another way to write it to convince you, it's about Euclid's lemma
amy justified that d was coprime with 5

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but if d divides 5b² and is coprime with 5, by Euclid's lemma, d divides b²

woven matrix
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nope

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(the proof of this generalization is also quite easy, it's just multiplying Bezout's identity)

stoic imp
woven matrix
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I mean I can give you the proof of this generalization if it's what convinces you

stoic imp
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n | ab
gcd(n,a) = 1
nx + ay = 1
bnx + bay = b
bay = 0 (mod n)
bnx = 0 (mod n)
b = 0 (mod n)

woven matrix
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if (a : n) = 1, by Bezout, there are x, y st ax+ny = 1, so bax+bny = b
then if n divides ab, ab = nq, so nqx+bny = b, so n(qx+by) = b and n divides b

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quite trivial and doesn't depend on n being prime, as you can see

stoic imp
woven matrix
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on wiki it's called Euclid's lemma, in the language I learnt about it, it's called Gauss' lemma

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what do you want me to call whatever thing that has 70 different names

stoic imp
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what i mean is that euclid lemma gauss lemma etc never talk about coprimality

woven matrix
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and it's not a corollary of euclid's lemma

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it's a generalization

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it's stronger, not the opposite

woven matrix
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from now on it will be Maribel's lemma

stoic imp
# stoic imp

what i mean is that here p is prime so its one or the other

but if p is not prime then it can also divide both, that's why we need coprimality

woven matrix
#

d is coprime with 5

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it's very easy to be coprime with a prime

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it just needs to not divide you

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since d divides a²-3b², 5 doesn't divide d

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so d and 5 are coprime

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however, by Maribel's lemma, since d divides 5b² and is coprime with 5, it divides b²

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then, since being a common divisor of 5b² and a²-3b² implies to divide b², it's in the set of common divisor of b² and a²-3b², so gcd(5b², a²-3b²) = gcd(b², a²-3b²)

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I mean I thought about this argument because you didn't sound very convinced by thinking of the prime factorization, but if you don't like it, amy explained the prime factorization very well

stoic imp
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oh, by maribels

woven matrix
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maribel's intervene latter

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when I write it

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the fact that 5 doesn't divide d has been detailled in all explanations until now

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if 5 divided d, since d divides a²-3b²

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5 would divide a²-3b²

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oh you mean here too

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yeah you could use maribel's again

stoic imp
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a^2 -3b^2 = 3b^2 (mod 5)

woven matrix
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2b²

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but yeah

stoic imp
woven matrix
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-3b²+5b² = 2b²

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not 3

woven matrix
stoic imp
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a^2 -3b^2 = 2b^2 (mod 5)

woven matrix
#

so 5 divides b² by maribel's or by the fact that 2 is invertible mod 5

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pick your favorite

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which is a contradiction

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because gcd(a, b) = 7 has no 5

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and 5 divides a

stoic imp
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the inverse of 2 in mod 5 is

woven matrix
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3

stoic imp
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ty

woven matrix
stoic imp
#

2b^2 = k (mod 5)
b^2 = 3k (mod 5)

woven matrix
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b² = 0 mod 5

stoic imp
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but 5 does not divide b

woven matrix
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in this hypothesis

woven matrix
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you asked why 5 doesn't divide d

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I say if it divides d it divides a²-3b²

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so it divides 2b² so it divides b² because 2 is invertible

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but it can't divides b² because it can't divide b

stoic imp
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gcd(5,2)=1

woven matrix
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and here is the contradiction

woven matrix
stoic imp
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this is what I was asking earlier

woven matrix
#

but you don't really need it you can just use the inverse

stoic imp
woven matrix
#

2b² = 0 so 6b² = 0 so b² = 0

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maribel can be used here but is not needed if you're inverting 2 mod 5

woven matrix
#

maribel's can always be used for this kind of argument

stoic imp
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so we get that 5 | 5b^2 but not that 5 | a^2 - 3b^2

woven matrix
#

yes

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so 5 can't divide d

stoic imp
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why

woven matrix
#

because otherwise you would have 5 | d | a²-3b²

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so 5 | a²-3b²

woven matrix
stoic imp
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how is gcd(5a^2, b^2) = gcd(a^2, b^2)

woven matrix
#

the exact chain starts from your original problem gcd(2a²-b², a²-3b²)
it's equal to gcd(5b², a²-3b²)
= gcd(b², a²-3b²) (what we just proved with Maribel's and contradiction)
= gcd(b², a²) (trivial, we add left side 3 times to right side)
= (gcd(a, b))² = 49

woven matrix
#

I justified every step

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how what ?

stoic imp
#

also I am asking something different

woven matrix
#

how is gcd(5a^2, b^2) = gcd(a^2, b^2)
you could prove it again with Maribel's

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if d | 5a² and d | b², 5 doesn't divide b, so doesn't divide d

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so d divides a² by Maribel's, since d coprime with 5

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since d | 5a² and d | b² => d | a², gcd(5a^2, b^2) = gcd(a^2, b^2)

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I mean there are at least 30 possible chains

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most of them didn't convince you and ended in a "how?"

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at some point I had to prove things 3 times a different way

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I probably didn't do only optimal things, for sure

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gcd(2a²-b², a²-3b²)
= gcd(5b², a²-3b²)
= gcd(b², a²-3b²) (what we just proved with Maribel's and contradiction)
= gcd(b², a²)
= (gcd(a, b))² = 49

is already a very clean answer in my opinion

stoic imp
woven matrix
#

yes that's the contradiction we wrote 10 times

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if 5 divided d

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it would divide a²-3b² and 5b²

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so would divide b² so b

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contradiction

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so 5 doesn't divide d

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(5 | d => 5 | b) <=> (5 doesn't divide b => 5 doesn't divide d)

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I've proved every step 3 different times atp Idk what you don't like in the proof

stoic imp
#

is that the contrapositive

woven matrix
#

yes

stoic imp
woven matrix
#

this is the most redundant but at this point I write it in every possible way

stoic imp
woven matrix
#

if you write that much in 3 different ways in an exam I assure you you won't have time to score point

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gcd(2a²-b², a²-3b²)
= gcd(5b², a²-3b²)
= gcd(b², a²-3b²) because 5 doesn't divide a²-3b²
= gcd(b², a²)
= (gcd(a, b))² = 49

is already a very, very reasonable proof

stoic imp
stoic imp
#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
Channel closed

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pearl pondBOT
#
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steady aspen
pearl pondBOT
#

@steady aspen Has your question been resolved?

steady aspen
#

nope

pearl pondBOT
# steady aspen
What step are you on?
1. I don't know where to begin.
2. I have begun but got stuck midway.
3. I got an answer but I was told that it's wrong.
4. I got an answer and would like my work checked.
5. I have a question about someone else's work/solution.
6. I have completed the problem and don't need help anymore. Thank you.
7. None of the above
steady aspen
#

1

tropic saddle
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how to start any geometry problem: make a sketch

steady aspen
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i did but

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im not sure what am i supposed to do

tropic saddle
#

how does your sketch look like

steady aspen
#

its a triangle...

split void
#

upload it

steady aspen
#

alright

calm wing
#

hint: draw a line segment horizontally on the bottom AB (=1)
and draw a ray from A at a 20.21 degree angle

split void
#

infinite line sounds weird but thats the point

calm wing
#

wanted to be explicit xd

tropic saddle
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(a ray)

calm wing
#

oh yeah true it has to be a ray

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mb

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fixed

calm wing
steady aspen
#

ohhhhhhhhh i was drawing

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a normal

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triangle

calm wing
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yeah i did too originally lol but the key is that you know the angle

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so you need a ray

steady aspen
calm wing
#

we haven't gotten to congruence yet

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as i wrote it right now there are infinitely many points C

steady aspen
#

how do we move forward from there?

calm wing
#

can you send a pic of your diagram

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it's easier to show it there

steady aspen
#

alrighty hold on

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representation on ms paint, i dont have a phone to take photos rn

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i am drawing it correctly right?

calm wing
#

yup

steady aspen
#

so like uhmmm

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;-;

calm wing
#

note that there exists an x s.t. this is a right angle

steady aspen
#

noted

calm wing
#

this means that there are a bunch of these blue lines which are the same length

steady aspen
#

i see, because

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same angle?

calm wing
#

lol

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just clarifying

steady aspen
#

its multiple correct

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so yeah

calm wing
#

ok good

steady aspen
#

multiple choice

calm wing
#

i think i confused myself a bit, give me a sec..

steady aspen
#

lright

bitter herald
#

The majority of the options seem to be correct kekwait

steady aspen
#

i mean yeah

#

its multiple correct

bitter herald
#

C must line on a circle centred at B with a radius of x, shouldn't it. So just count the amount of ways a line can intersect with a circle

bitter herald
#

Yes

calm wing
#

but the rest seems to be correct

bitter herald
#

The others sure can

steady aspen
#

like

steady aspen
#

im having a bit trouble witht hat-

bitter herald
#

Im on phone kekhands

steady aspen
#

oh okay so like

bitter herald
#

Maybe artemetra can

steady aspen
#

can't c be any circle?

#

it just needs to have its centre at b right?

#

OHHHHHHHHHHH

#

i get it

bitter herald
calm wing
steady aspen
#

we are looking for the case where it intersects the maximum amount of

calm wing
#

like that

steady aspen
#

points

steady aspen
bitter herald
#

She sees da wae

calm wing
#

crazy

calm wing
# steady aspen i see da vision 😮

the inner circle corresponds to 0 points when x is too small (i.e. 0 such triangles exist)
the one in the middle is 1 point
the outer circle is 2 points, i.e. two triangles

bitter herald
calm wing
#

you can also have this situation where x is big enough that there's only 1 point but that's still 1 triangle

#

so the answer is a,b,c

steady aspen
#

hm yeah

#

anything btw i can invoke or like

#

or is this it

#

like

#

the graphical solution

calm wing
#

maybe rule of sines somehow or SSA congruence

#

but i think this is the easiest way

steady aspen
#

alright

#

yeah works for me too

calm wing
#

you can draw the triangles in each case

steady aspen
#

yeaa

#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
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calm wing
pearl pondBOT
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ocean hazel
#

(x+b)^2/2=y/6

In this scenario cross multiplying works because its the same as multplying both sides by 2 and then both sides by 6, but with cross multiplying we do the same thing but faster right?

ocean hazel
#

$$\frac{(x+b)^2}{2} = \frac{y}{6}$$

jolly parrotBOT
#

Fahad07

ocean hazel
#

that worked

fleet ridge
#

I guess cross multiplication is faster, but its upto personal preference

ocean hazel
#

This is basic stuff, I should have a thorough understanding of it and not just memorise it

#

Anyways thanks for the confirmation guys

#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
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ocean hazel
#

<@&268886789983436800>

pearl pondBOT
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pearl mauve
#

Can sum1 please check this it looks super long so i think it could be wrong it just looks very wrong to me 😕

pearl pondBOT
#

@pearl mauve Has your question been resolved?

spiral pivot
#

Question about your problem: why do you have this being the integral of a series on the other side?

#

Oh, a very weird separable equation

#

So your integration of u seems fine

#

Did you have a specific question or concern though?

#

@pearl mauve

pearl mauve
#

Also i was using an approximation to a function thats why the number looks super weird

#

The series was the taylor polynomial at t = 0 of ln(1/4 t + 4)

#

Also i already solved the ode using numerical methods but since my function is a polynomial near t = 0 if i use my code to solve for u(5/4) ≈ 30.78...
Does that mean if i sub into my analytical one it should be close to 0 or would that not work since i did a taylor near 0 and 5/4 is not close to 0 and have to pick another number near 0 and test on my analytical solution?

pearl pondBOT
#

@pearl mauve Has your question been resolved?

pearl pondBOT
#

@pearl mauve Has your question been resolved?

pearl pondBOT
spiral pivot
#

It might simply be that the work you're asking about is correct, but you've made a mistake on a previous part, so the results you're getting are wrong in a previous step, but you've only been able to thoroughly check them at this step.

pearl mauve
# spiral pivot !original

to solve an ode
du/dt +f(u)g(t)=0
f is a cubic and g is ln(1/4t+4) i used numerical methods to write f approximately as u can see and for g i used taylor polynomial at t=0
The cubic is kinda messy since it depends on my student id so i cant really send it

spiral pivot
#

@pearl mauve why are you expanding the log btw? You can just integrate it normally.

#

$\int \ln(t/4 + 4) , \d{t} = -t + (t + 16) \ln(t/4 + 4)$

jolly parrotBOT
#

OmnipotentEntity

pearl mauve
#

Its basically approximating and solving analytically

#

Idk why he told us to do that tho

spiral pivot
#

!original

pearl pondBOT
#

Please show the original problem, exactly as it was stated to you, with the entire original context. A picture or screenshot is best. If the original problem is not in English, then post it anyway! The additional context might still be helpful. Do your best to provide a translation.

pearl mauve
pearl mauve
# spiral pivot !original

Ignore the bottom this is f(u) and then i used bisection and newton raphson to approximate the roots so i could write f(u)≈(u-a)(b-u)^2

#

And as i said before g(t)= ln(1/4*t + 4) which i approximated by an n degree taylor polynomial

#

So the ode we solve is du/dt +f(u)g(t)=0 with u(0)=u_0
That's basically all the original text has 5 parts with tons of writing its not gonna help if i send it i just simplified it if u really need it i can send but its super long i promise u. 😭

#

And they want the solution in h_n(u(t),t)=0

pastel umbra
#

I won't lie, I'm not convinced you understood what original means here

#

Omni's asking for the original question, as it was stated to you, verbatim

pearl mauve
pastel umbra
#

Be that a screenshot, a photo of a book, etc-

pearl mauve
#

Its from a question the teacher sent

#

And the question is 5 parts with 10+ paragraphs

#

Im not gonna send 5 parts of something i already know which is 10+ paragraphs of text filled with my alpha and beta which my student id takes

pastel umbra
#

Well done

#

But we're not psychic; any helper is gonna need those other parts

pearl mauve
#

Dude

#

The question is simply... Solve the ode

#

i gave the ode too

pastel umbra
#

Unless the ODE is given entirely divorced from the other parts, it is possible you have the wrong ODE to begin with

pearl mauve
#

du/dt + f(u)g(t)=0

pastel umbra
#

That's why we ask, as a general rule

pearl mauve
#

Its literally this

#

With u(0)=u_0

#

Thats all

#

Every other part is to approximate f(u) using a root finding technique and analyses it its not useful in the context of my question

#

And then to approximate g as an n degree taylor polynomial

#

Which i already gave lmao

pearl pondBOT
#

@pearl mauve Has your question been resolved?

pearl pondBOT
#

@pearl mauve Has your question been resolved?

split void
#

Well we still require the question with the entire context.

pearl pondBOT
#
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mint anchor
#

How to understand functions like TREE(3) SSCG(3) graham's number. And doing manipulations on very large numbers. And what topics should I learn to get good at these concepts?

errant solstice
#

I'd suppose all of these fall under number theory.

honest vigil
#

TREE(3) I think has roots in graph theory though.

#

so is Graham's number.

#

so the computation might be NT but the problems that these numbers arose from are usually other fields.

errant solstice
#

hm, technically also SSCG(3). so all of these are graph-theoretical functions/numbers.

pearl pondBOT
#

@mint anchor Has your question been resolved?

pearl pondBOT
#
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sharp smelt
pearl pondBOT
sharp smelt
#

I feel I'm tripping here (6.1.2)

#

So the $\lambda$ in the poisson distribution is $30,345p$?

jolly parrotBOT
sharp smelt
#

so $\Pi_{i=0}^{21} \frac{ (30345p)^{i} e^{- 30345p}}{i!}$?

jolly parrotBOT
slender viper
slender viper
slender viper
sharp smelt
#

should the product go from 1 to 22?

slender viper
#

conceptually, the likelihood is P(data|model)

sharp smelt
slender viper
#

why do you have x_i

sharp smelt
slender viper
#

not sure what formula you were using

#

because i don't see x_i in the question

sharp smelt
slender viper
#

I don't see $x_i$ in this formula

jolly parrotBOT
#

Element118

slender viper
#

just $\lambda$ and $k$

jolly parrotBOT
#

Element118

sharp smelt
#

then what am I doing wrog

slender viper
#

maybe you have a likelihood formula you aren't showing

#

and that is where you have the $x_i$ from?

jolly parrotBOT
#

Element118

sharp smelt
slender viper
#

Kinda, but you only have one point of data, 22

sharp smelt
#

right so $\Pi_{k=1}^{21}\Pi_{i=0}^{k} \frac{ (30345p)^{i} e^{- 30345p}}{i!}$?

slender viper
#

The product occurs if you have multiple points

jolly parrotBOT
slender viper
#

A product of one term probably doesn't need the $\prod$ operator

jolly parrotBOT
#

Element118

slender viper
#

The question says there's only one observation, 22

sharp smelt
slender viper
#

pmf at k=22

#

remember poisson can output 0

sharp smelt
#

so just $\frac{ (30345p)^{22} e^{- 30345p}}{22!}$

jolly parrotBOT
slender viper
#

yeah that's just it

sharp smelt
#

Oh wow, I really messed up

#

huh

#

thanks!

#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
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woven river
#

im back, cuz this time is hard

pearl pondBOT
woven river
#

I understood the hint, but have no idea how to create such sequence

#

"...which the values of the function f tends to 0", what if f outputs big numbers? f is not really represented in some expressions so thats why im confused

broken moth
#

tending to 0

#

try it yourself it is not very hard to get the idea

woven river
#

omg

#

thats so good

#

brb

#

I wonder how u thought of this instantly, I need that mindset @broken moth

thorny radish
#

there is a problem where y_n might be all over the place, like you could have y_(2n+1) be 0 and y_(2n) be 1

broken moth
thorny radish
broken moth
#

and since f is continuous on that interval it follows directly the existence of z

woven river
#

ok this is my draft so far

broken moth
woven river
thorny radish
#

consider the function f(x) = 1/x on [1, ∞). then f gets arbitrarily close to 0 yet does not attain it

woven river
#

which part

broken moth
jolly parrotBOT
#

Roufaid

woven river
#

ahh

#

but the reason I used equal

#

is because I can't find the lim later

broken moth
broken moth
woven river
thorny radish
#

and the existence of (y_n) does not follow by induction, it follows from the axiom of choice

broken moth
#

because every sequence converges inside the interval

thorny radish
#

again not every sequence converges, consider x_(2n+1) = 1/2^(2n+1) and x_(2n) = 1/2^(2n)

broken moth
#

we dont care where (y_n) settels

woven river
#

is it like this @broken moth

thorny radish
#

yes but this requires you to separate x_n into two subsequences

#

you need to actually do this

broken moth
thorny radish
#

because otherwise you cannot say that there exists some z with f(z) = 0

#

the idea is you need to find a subsequence of y_n that converges in [a, b]

#

this is the only way you get to use continuity

woven river
#

ohh I get u

broken moth
#

let me ask you a question

woven river
#

create two sequences where all elements are negative and positive respectively

broken moth
#

our construction

#

of y_n

#

is in [a,b] right?

#

if it ever converges will it get outside [a,b]?

thorny radish
#

no

broken moth
#

you are right

#

he must say this to

woven river
#

what's going on

broken moth
thorny radish
#

it simply will not in general

broken moth
#

y_n is bounded

#

so it hase a convergent subsequence

#

ok yeah you are right he needs to write this detail

woven river
#

what?

#

why do we need to fix, {f(y_n)} will converge to 0 anyway

broken moth
# woven river what?

your steps are right
just before taking the limit justify why y_n must converge
ok it will not but since it is bounded it has a convergent subsequence call it y_k

#

thats all you need

thorny radish
#

you can't just tell them the solution like this

#

they don't even know where the issue lies

woven river
thorny radish
#

how do you actually find c such that f(c) = 0

#

think about it for a minute

woven river
broken moth
thorny radish
#

yea but the question asks you for an actual value, not a sequence

broken moth
#

it is not y_n

woven river
#

how about instead of making one sequence, I make two, where I take all positive and negative values of f respectively

thorny radish
#

you can do that

#

so say you have a sequence y_n such that f(y_n) is all positive. what then?

woven river
#

then the other one negative, but I can't seem to reach the final conclusion

thorny radish
#

yeah it's surprisingly difficult right

#

if y_n converges we would be done. do you see why?

broken moth
#

how can you guarentee that there is no f that is non-negative for all values of x satisfying the property?

woven river
#

like y1 >0, y2 < 0, y3 > 0,...

broken moth
thorny radish
#

think about whether the sequence being positive or negative really matters

woven river
#

then we can get f(c) = 0

thorny radish
thorny radish
woven river
#

how else am I gonna use IVT to prove f(c) = 0

thorny radish
#

you are not going to use IVT

#

to summarise the situation we are given some sequence (y_n) such that f(y_n) converges to 0. we need to use this somehow to find c with f(c) exactly 0

#

again you should answer why (y_n) converging in [a, b] means that we would be done

woven river
#

wait

#

what if

#

since I already found that lim n-> inf f(y_n) = 0

#

I can use Sequential Continuity Theorem that the limit I mentioned is equal to f(c) for some number c

thorny radish
#

what is c

woven river
#

the number in [a,b]

thorny radish
#

welllll

#

ok can you state the sequential continuity theorem?

woven river
#

f : [a,b] -> R is continuous at c in [a,b] iff for every y_n converging to c in [a,b],

lim f(y_n) = f(c)

#

ye I just realized a flaw, need to show y_n converges to c

thorny radish
#

yes

#

exactly :)

woven river
#

I wanna curse

thorny radish
#

you should have a mental visualisation of what's happening, it makes organising your thoughts easier

#

something like this

woven river
#

is the [---] part [a,b]?

thorny radish
#

yeah

mint anchor
#

Which branch is being discussed (js asking pls don't mind)

thorny radish
#

baby anal
-ysis

worldly jewel
#

dropped the -ysis

woven river
#

I am stuck now

thorny radish
#

yea and that's ok

#

this is actually surprisingly hard

worldly jewel
#

this is lowkey diabolical without having topological tools

thorny radish
#

here is an illustration that may or may not confuse you further. if we have the function f(x) = 1/x on [1, ∞), then f gets arbitrarily close to 0 yet does not attain it

#

so somehow your argument needs to rely on the domain being [a, b]

woven river
#

didnt we make a sequence out of [a,b]

thorny radish
#

the argument we used to define our sequence didn't really rely on the nature of [a, b], it came from the question just telling us we could find some domain value with less than half of what we have

#

but from here we need to use the nature of [a, b]

woven river
#

well, it is bounded

thorny radish
#

another example is f(x) = x² on (0, 1]

woven river
#

ok that one f(x) can never be zero

#

can only be super close

thorny radish
#

yes

#

exactly

woven river
#

oh so that c might be a lol

#

wait since the sequence is bounded, can I just make a subsequence converging to c by bolzano

thorny radish
#

yeah if you know that then sure

woven river
#

then since it converges to c and we know that f(y_n) converges to 0, that subsequence must converge to 0

thorny radish
#

mhm

woven river
#

ok I think I got it thanks

#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
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pearl pondBOT
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flint spindle
#

Can anyone pls tell me the answer of q17

flint spindle
#

I got answer as B

hoary relic
flint spindle
#

<@&286206848099549185>

valid nova
#

!15m

pearl pondBOT
#

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honest oyster
flint spindle
#

See this @honest oyster

honest oyster
#

I'm not convinced that (2-a)(c-2) implies either both are 1 or both are 3, since that assume a and c are integers (I think they infact are in this case but that doesn't justify the fact we have to assume it)

flint spindle
#

@honest oyster

honest oyster
#

Gtg right now, hope someone else can help

flint spindle
#

<@&286206848099549185>

valid nova
pearl pondBOT
# flint spindle <@&286206848099549185>

Please only use the <@&286206848099549185> ping once if your question has not been answered for 15 minutes. Please do not ping or DM individual users about your question.

valid nova
#

dont ping helpers again and again

flint spindle
#

bro 15 mins gone

valid nova
#

wait 15minutes before pinging them

flint spindle
proper nova
#

bro

proper nova
#

not just pinging randomly and hope to get some help

flint spindle
#

sorry

valid nova
#

try converting log10x - 1 to log10x - log10(10) then log10 (x/10)

#

see if you can do something from there

flint spindle
shadow elm
#

should i maybe solve it 😃

valid nova
#

how did you do this

#

i meant this

flint spindle
#

From the 3rd. equation

valid nova
#

mb

#

log10 a+c = something something
how does a+c becomes something something

flint spindle
flint spindle
valid nova
flint spindle
#

sir log zx = log z + log x

#

@valid nova

shadow elm
#

@flint spindle when you made the equations i,ii,iii . try to subtract i and ii

valid nova
valid nova
flint spindle
#

@valid nova

valid nova
flint spindle
valid nova
#

yeah

#

in which you sub the values

flint spindle
#

@valid nova

flint spindle
shadow elm
#

!done

pearl pondBOT
#

If you are done with this channel, please mark your problem as solved by typing .close

valid nova
#

not 2-a

#

then c= 2 + 1/a-2

chilly pond
flint spindle
valid nova
shadow elm
#

wait a sec

chilly pond
shadow elm
#

ioqm me itna log ni aata

#

go study combi

#

or geo

chilly pond
#

true

valid nova
#

wait. i will solve from scratch i am getting confused

chilly pond
#

gl buddy

#

it's ioqm

#

good level

valid nova
#

$\log_{10}(2yz) = 4 + (\log_{10} y - 2)(\log_{10} z - 1)$

jolly parrotBOT
#

TheAstorPastor

valid nova
#

$\log_{10}(2xy) = 4 + (\log_{10} x - 1)(\log_{10} y - 2)$

jolly parrotBOT
#

TheAstorPastor

valid nova
#

$\log_{10}(zx) = 2 + (\log_{10} z - 1)(\log_{10} x - 1)$

jolly parrotBOT
#

TheAstorPastor

valid nova
#

$\log{10}(2yz) = \log{10} 2 + b + c$

jolly parrotBOT
#

TheAstorPastor

valid nova
#

$\log{10}(2xy) = \log{10} 2 + a + b$

jolly parrotBOT
#

TheAstorPastor

valid nova
#

$\log_{10}(zx) = a + c$

jolly parrotBOT
#

TheAstorPastor

valid nova
#

can we say log10(2)=k ?

#

@flint spindle ?

#

k+b+c=4+(b−2)(c−1) - equation(1)
k+a+b=4+(a−1)(b−2) -equation(2)
a+c=2+(c−1)(a−1) -equation(3)

#

you got (a-2)(c-1) as 1

#

subtract 1 from 2

#

$$(a - c)(3 - b) = 0$$

jolly parrotBOT
#

TheAstorPastor

valid nova
#

similarly with others, yoy get
(a−b)(3−c)=0,(b−c)(3−a)=0

#

combining them all gets me

#

a=b=c = 1
a=b=c=3

#

for being 1 you get x=y=z as 10

#

for 3 you get x=y=z as 1000

shadow elm
valid nova
#

and x1>x2

valid nova
#

(a−c)(3−b)=0

shadow elm
#

same thing ig yeah

valid nova
shadow elm
#

mb

valid nova
#

now you just check out the table

#

@flint spindle do you get it?

pearl pondBOT
#

@flint spindle Has your question been resolved?

pearl pondBOT
#
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neon dock
#

Please help me to solve the following question :- For what value of p is the coefficient of x2
in the
product (2x – 1)(x – k)(px + 1) equal to 0 and the
constant term equal to 2 ?

split void
#

expand the product?

neon dock
#

i exactly dont know what to do.. It would be better if anyone would help me

plush bramble
split void
neon dock
#

ok

#

thanks

#

i cant solve

#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed by @neon dock

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

flint basalt
# neon dock i cant solve

this channel is to ask for help. if you still need help then ask, dont give up and say you cant solve it

neon dock
#

OK THANKS FOR AN INSPIRATION

#

ACTUALLY I M IN CLASS 10 , and wanna solve olympiad level question

shadow elm
shadow elm
neon dock
#

ok...

shadow elm
#

start with , "what does expanding a product mean"

neon dock
#

So what are the basics that I must know ??

split void
split void
#

Of Algebraic expressions

#

ignore my speelings

#

do you know what is $(a+b)(c+d)$

jolly parrotBOT
#

Annie Maqionde

flint basalt
#

.reopen

pearl pondBOT
flint basalt
#

(so it doesnt lock)

neon dock
split void
#

well apply that

#

actually, why didn't I do this earlier

#

!show

pearl pondBOT
#

Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.

split void
#

and !status

#

!status

pearl pondBOT
#
What step are you on?
1. I don't know where to begin.
2. I have begun but got stuck midway.
3. I got an answer but I was told that it's wrong.
4. I got an answer and would like my work checked.
5. I have a question about someone else's work/solution.
6. I have completed the problem and don't need help anymore. Thank you.
7. None of the above
neon dock
#

2

flint basalt
#

show what you've done so far

neon dock
#

onexpanding the eqn (2x-1)(x-k)(px+1)=0 I got, 2x2-2kx-px=0. I f alpha and beta are the roots of this eqn then > alpha+beta=-(2k-p) and alpha*beta=-1/2

split void
#

Please show your actual work

#

Upload pictures if necessary

neon dock
#

actually I dont have any webcam

flint basalt
#

are you able to take a photo on your phone?

neon dock
#

yes i m trying

#

here it is

#

sorry for the image quality

#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed by @neon dock

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

split void
#

.reopen

pearl pondBOT
split void
#

please do not close unless the doubt has been cleared

neon dock
#

can you tell me if my approach for question is correct or not?

split void
# neon dock here it is

No that's wrong and I'll explain why.\
$(a+b)(c+d)(e+f)$.\
Whenever faced with such a situation, ignore $(e+f)$\
Expand $(a+b)(c+d)$\
= $(ac+ad+bc+bd)(e+f)$\
Now do the needful\
$ = e(ac+ad+bc+bd) + f(ac+ad+bc+bd)$

jolly parrotBOT
#

Annie Maqionde

neon dock
#

ok...

split void
#

did you understand?

neon dock
#

yes

#

final eqn :- 2px3-2kpx2-px2+kpx+2x2-2kx-x+k=0

#

actually I am too late to sleep so I want to close this discussion

#

.close I will come here tommorow

pearl pondBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed by @neon dock

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

round garnet
#

guyz what you are yapping about

round garnet
split void
#

!redir

pearl pondBOT
#

This channel is only for on-topic discussion. Please take casual conversation to #discussion or #chill.

split void
#

or open your own channel

#

this is closed

pearl pondBOT
#
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sharp smelt
#

I'm sort of confused

pearl pondBOT
sharp smelt
#

Does this mean Q(2+√3)?

#

Well, for $\mathbb{Q}(2+\sqrt{3})$, I believe $(1,\sqrt{3})$ serves as a spanning set, which is linearly indepndent as $a+b\sqrt{3}=0$ would require $\frac{-a}{b}=\sqrt{3}$ which isn't possible for rational (a,b) so the degree of the extensions is $2$?

#

oh come on

jolly parrotBOT
woven matrix
#

I don't know your background in extension theory, so I'll start with some light remarks
do you know what the degree of a number over Q mean?
and also, Q(2+sqrt(3)) is just Q(sqrt(3)) since 2 is in Q, but how does it relate to what you're trying to say?

sharp smelt
#

that is the smallest field extension of Q containing 2+√3

woven matrix
#

yes it's called an extension not a degree

#

the degree of a number over Q is the degree of its minimal polynomial in Q[X]

sharp smelt
#

Ah

#

Okay, I'll have to read a bit about that I guess

woven matrix
#

but you were still right about one of your points

#

as I said, Q(2+sqrt(3)) is just Q(sqrt(3))

#

and clearly, sqrt(3) is of degree 2

#

since x²-3 cancels it

#

so 2+sqrt(3) is of degree 2

sharp smelt
#

right as the minimal poly is x^2-3

#

so in very rudimentary terms the degree of an element,t, over a field is the degree of the monic of the smallest degree such that t is a root of said poly

#

I'll read the theory from D&F rn, but just wanted to be clear

woven matrix
#

the degree of n over Q is the degree of its minimal polynomial, and it also happens it's its dimension as a vector space over Q
one example is that you said 1, sqrt(3) spans Q(sqrt(3)) = Q(2+sqrt(3))

#

it was also a way to conclude 2+sqrt(3) is of degree 2

sharp smelt
#

thanks!

#

I'll close this now, it's past 12 am 🙏

smoky gull
sharp smelt
#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed by @sharp smelt

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

pearl pondBOT
#
Available help channel!

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daring bay
#

can somene help here

pearl pondBOT
daring bay
#

also its e^x not ex

#

like we have one point (1/0)

#

but i dont get the line thing

summer imp
#

I would assume that by touching the line g they mean that this line is tangent to the graph of f(x) at the point (1,0).

#

Although it's worded somewhat poorly.

#

That would mean that the slope of f(x) at x=1 is the same as the slope of g(x).

daring bay
#

but why like

#

it just says that it touches the line

#

it doesnt say anything about tangent tho

#

wait

#

yea this is rly rly weird

#

they have the points f(1) = 0, which i understnad

#

and f'(1) = 2

#

for some reason

summer imp
#

So obviously they would touch in the strict sense

daring bay
#

''touching''

#

is also different than intersecting right

#

in this caes

summer imp
#

This is why interpreting it as "being tangent" makes more sense.

daring bay
pearl pondBOT
#

@daring bay Has your question been resolved?

pearl pondBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed due to timeout

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

#
Available help channel!

Send your question here to claim the channel.

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Ask your math question in a clear, concise manner.
Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.
Do not immediately ping people or roles. After 15 minutes, feel free to ping <@&286206848099549185> once.
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acoustic tangle
#

Hiii

pearl pondBOT
acoustic tangle
#

I don’t understand this integration question

#

Like I integrated from y=5->7

#

But I’m not sure if I’m finding the whole area

ebon skiff
#

!show

pearl pondBOT
#

Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.

acoustic tangle
#

Ok

acoustic tangle
#

I’ll try to show what I’m confused abt

#

Am I just finding this area when I integrate ?

reef magnet
#

Why do you integrate from 5 to 7

acoustic tangle
#

And I don’t want the area under the curve to the left of the dot

reef magnet
acoustic tangle
#

Because the area is between the curve, x=14 and the y axis

reef magnet
#

What i would do is extend that line at x=2 to separate a square and another shaded area that we can calculate with the integral from 2 to 14 of 7-y dx

reef magnet
# acoustic tangle

I get 51.875 as an answer when i do calculations according to the method i proposed

acoustic tangle
#

The answer is just 44/3

reef magnet
#

Ok

acoustic tangle
#

I have another unrelated question

#

Im not sure about ib

#

It’s the second one but I thought it would be the fourth

pearl pondBOT
#

@acoustic tangle Has your question been resolved?

acoustic tangle
#

<@&286206848099549185>

pearl pondBOT
#

@acoustic tangle Has your question been resolved?

graceful breach
#

lemme take a look

#

ok

#

so

#

when the mean is equal to the median

#

the distribution will be perfectly symmetrical

#

the mean is greater than the median when there’s a right skew

#

for 2

#

remember that a geometric distribution represents the number of trials until the first success

#

and remember that binomdist is typically unimodal

pearl pondBOT
#

@acoustic tangle Has your question been resolved?

pearl pondBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed due to timeout

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

#
Available help channel!

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simple shale
#

i haven't done functions in a sec can someone tell me if this is correct?
if f(x)=8/(x-2) +2 and the domain is (2, 4), then the range is (2, 6), no?
idk why the mark scheme says it's (6, infinity)...

jolly parrotBOT
pearl pondBOT
#

Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.

simple shale
#

sorry i don't have any working :<
i just have to find the range given the domain is (2, 4)

#

i thought y=2 is a horizontal asymptote cuz of the +2 translation so all f(x) within that domain should be greater than y=2

#

and at x=4, f(x)=6 so the range should be less than 6

#

cuz it's an increasing function

#

that was my reasoning

dense jasper
#

$$2<x<4 \implies 0<x-2<2 \implies \frac{1}{2}<\frac{1}{x-2}<\infty$$

For some intuition, notice that as you divide $1$ by increasingly small positive numbers, the result gets larger and larger (tending to $\infty$).

jolly parrotBOT
#

Civil Service Pigeon

dense jasper
#

,w graph 1/x

jolly parrotBOT
dense jasper
#

,w graph 8/(x-2)+2

jolly parrotBOT
dense jasper
#

also all of that counts as working/prior reasoning, which you should include in your post when you first ask for help.

simple shale
dense jasper
simple shale
dense jasper
simple shale
#

its like 3:57am i should go to bed

#

TYSM

pearl pondBOT
#

If you are done with this channel, please mark your problem as solved by typing .close

simple shale
#

.close

pearl pondBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed by @simple shale

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

dense jasper
pearl pondBOT
#
Available help channel!

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Ask your math question in a clear, concise manner.
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minor eagle
#

how do i solve this, idk how to go step by step

humble root
minor eagle
#

i have a slight idea but can you remind me

blazing garden
minor eagle
#

i see

humble root
#

The classic number system that we use is called base-10 (decimal), because every number can be written in terms of powers of 10.

For example, 123 is the same as 1 * 100 + 2 * 10 + 3 * 1. Here, every number we multiply by has a base of 10.