#serious-discussion
1 messages · Page 129 of 1
I thought it was like how \& displays a & in LateX
Ah.
i.e. it's an escape character
presumably yes just because it breaks the syntactic formatting in general
but i wouldnt want to test it
Why would they have it just break the display, but not the functionality?
If anything the other way around seems far more useful
For that matter I had to use multiple backslashes in this message to get the display right, so it's definitely applied inconsistently
i think i tried this and it pinged them by accident
no its perfectly consistent as an escape character
\ before a special character (i.e. one with markdown meaning) acts as an escape for markdown functionality even if its not actually escaping anything
But I wanted to escape the functionality, not the display
well \ is part of markdown
so it only escapes the markdown syntax
the ping functionality is separate
and part of discord proper
like text formatting and actual content of the message are 2 different things in discord
text formatting is done by markdown
\ is only an escape character for markdown
there is a funny glitch you can do with pinging people
putting \ before any special character (outside of a code block) will suppress the character's markdown functionality and hide the \
like make your message have a ping in it, but the ping message itself won't show up
even if that character doesnt actually have markdown functionality
like afaik & doesnt do anything in discord markdown
but \& still attempts to "escape" the &
so it renders as just &
I think using \ to break code-blocks prevents me from sending messages
a very sneaky trick ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||_ _ _ _ _ _ _ @vast surge
I was going to ask a question about triple-open-quotes (the ones below the tilde), but used \ to block them, and it turned my "enter" key into a carriage return instead of sendiing a message
Took me a while to figure out what was going on
You can do that with backticks, @moderators
That is good to know.
\ g
Let's move to here @vocal vessel so we can talk easily
🥸
I noticed
I feel that MathsBoy is a fitting army for a maths server
then malevolent anarchist was also like e
this helpful has not been hmmm
Antichrist not anarchist.
Antichrist is republican?
me misspelled e
Tremble in fear.
sure lol
Hell no 😝
I can be both
oki
bro
Republarchist?
Anarchist antichrist
Just rambling humerously
Never republican
But, to the meat of things
Malevolent, old buddy old pal
Do you desire to join the triumvirate of Maths
I won’t change my name
epic embed fail, laugh at this user
;-;
Understandable. I shall not force your hand, your decision is your own
:D thanks for your time anyway
I support your movement tho
:D appreciated
Any thoughts on who might be interested?
Much better than the discussy bustiers or whatever it’s called
;-; what is this, I have never heard of it
Discussy bustiers ;-; ugly name
sure lol atleast thought of it tho q
is anyone of you indian
Nah Straya mate
okie
Yeah.
i'm so sad emily, now we have to wait 4 more years!
Out of 180k people? Probably not.
can you believe if you choose a random person on earth the chance they’re Indian is like 20%
and the chance they’re Chinese is like 20%
Pretty believable.
chances their from latin america?
just under 10%
that has become significantly harder the moment you joined this server

I spent an hour debugging my implementation of Ukkonen's algorithm, and the mistake was because I typed suffixnewNode instead of suffixNewNode
God damn Python didn't raise any error

Were you trying to access/set an attribute or something?
deserved for camelcase in python
hello
Hey going back to this - I can apply for the MSc in DS this year, but the stats MSc would require another year of pre-req papers. Would it be frowned upon to apply for the DS, and then again next year (for the stats) if I dont make the cutoff?
so cuteeee
weak language
Did you guys have dinner?
Yes.
as I expected
To be fair it's all depending on the project
Use the right tool for the job
that's what I go by
agree
I like statically typed languages more and having a lot of control over memory
Since I am aiming for reverse engineering
What you supposed to use spaces between?
snake_case for variables
Hmm thank
SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE for globals 😝
Is anyone familiar with a resource that delves deeply into perlin noise?
Deeply as in it deals with the nitty and gritty bits of it's implementation.
snak_case for constants
Coding train has some vids on perlin noise he might show or link to resources
I freekin love that guy

Lol what are the chances he hadn't posted.for ages and now his most recent video is about a discord bot
Oof javascript discord bot. Cursed.
Finally, the data is clean and my will to live is restored
what was it
Just some really tedious manual fixing of data that has been recorded somewhat inconsistently
Hopefully we'll have a new system that doesn't allow users to add stuff directly to the database with no validation
data integrity moment 

ok
time to check that web assembly stuff now that i have the time
(cause now im procastinating on doing analysis by doing web assembly stuff)


You are not beating the opportunist allegations
Good evening/morning dear friends, I recently came across a research paper on ScienceDirect that is very relevant for my research topic, and would significantly contribute to my ongoing research. However, the website asked me to pay 29.9$ to get full access. As I am presently in the status of being a student, I am in no position that would allow me to pay for such amount. Therefore, I would appreciate it if you could, kindly, share with me some sources where I can find papers for free.
email the authors
if you are a student ask your institution
I just did, thanks ! However, I am not sure if I will get a reply by next week at most, or get a reply at all
can i dm you
i know where to, but mods will get mad if i share it here
something something piracy breaks discord TOS so they don't want it done in the server
I honestly haven't thought of that, would my institution provide it to me without complications?
It should
I'm not sure if your idea is within legal norms, but I'm not going to lie, in my current situation I wouldn't mind unless it is very "harmful" to the authors
Thanks for that, I will give it a try
it's either illegal with no victims (publishers aren't people) or within some gray area. i'm not an expert.
the money doesn't really go to the authors
The money for papers goes to publishers
you wouldn't be doing any harm to them
I see
It's scummy that they charge so much anyways
I honestly don't know what to say
just yes or no
what do you think ?
do u want free papers or no
well
that's another question for which the answer is yes
okay I'm not going to just keep expressing my confusion
Tell me how I can get free papers
Everything is free with a stolen credit card 
woah a user that still has the old identifier
Not half bad.
sounds very nice :)
I started making lyric videos too
is that you singing?
Yeah
you've got a very nice voice :)
Thank youu tbh I'm helped by autotune a lot because I'm pitchy
I should let you hear me live
🤮
I can sorta tell more autotune in this song then the last one
I found a live practice video of this song
My new albums out too. It's older than my first album but got released second.

#help-69
hehe
Ziggity-zaggity zorp! I've got a squadron of quokkas armed with glitter cannons and tickle feathers at my disposal. Your attempts at defeating me are like trying to juggle flamingos on a unicycle during a cosmic disco party. Prepare for a confetti tsunami, for you shall be engulfed in the whimsical chaos of my noodle-powered supremacy!
bogos binted
ChatGPT ass speech
sotrue
Typical 2010s white guy singing😂
Yeah I've heard that one before

help pls
Help with what?!
!help
To ask for mathematics help on this server, please open your own help channel or help thread. See #❓how-to-get-help for instructions.
i think they need help writing a proper question
k
English class 
Funny classroom
Yep!!
Lol
omg, a manul lover
Yes
this is good and chill
LOL
Hi, does anyone know of any university offering remote study scholarships for distance learning in mathematics? I'm looking for options in North America. I haven't found any yet but I'd like to understand better the selection process or if the positions are solely for on-campus attendance.
Canada doesn't have a good program for math
But I guess waterloo is best
or Toronto
what are you talking about waterloo has the best math dept
daniCanBeatMe
is this in reference to a specific mathematician?
Thank you for getting back to me. I managed to obtain some Microsoft certifications that could help me in applying to universities in the USA, but I don't have a visa, let alone TOEFL scores. Still, thank you anyway
I don't know
it depends on what topic you're looking for
Does anyone have the pdf for Year 7 Mathematics Cambridge NSW Textbook?
You should search up on websites to find it
daily grindset routine: (1) wake up tired (2) go to school (3) come back home (4) spend 5 hours trying not to sleep (5) spend 3 hours trying to sleep
does anyone here know a good collaborative web whiteboard with math support like plotting functions etc?
What does a cover letter for a manuscript submission to a journal consist of?
😭
We should claim it for programming questions
(6) get out of bed
I claim it for self promo
hello
I skipped cs class today 
it was a reason cuz i did my osslt test
skip the whole semester
no it's like ez pz to skip the class if your school planned you to be absent
during this class
What’s that
Ontario secondary school literacy test
Oh
You will do well, good luck 
Hi.
did i tell you how i'm ryan gosling?
hey im thinking about where to go to college and im trying to figure out what i should be prioritizing. I plan to double major in computer science/engineering and mathematics. One school is top 5 for engineering and the other one is just okay. The just okay school i can go to for essentially no cost. The top 5 school will likely not give me any scholarships. What should I be prioritizing?
In my opinion, it depends on your financial situation
Whats ur financial situation?
my parents dont plan to help me pay
or at least not very much
other relatives might have some money saved
the top 5 school isnt very expensive in comparison to other colleges of that caliber
purdue
Honestly I'm not sure what you should do
thats alright
i dont need to decide for a while id just like to get some other perspectives
see if im thinking about it the right way
I mean
if you're set on ine software engineering or something
paying off the debt isn't too bad
software engineers make good good money, not hard to pay off debt according to some friends who have graduated
although no cost is tempting idk
yeah thats what im stuck on lol
and the no cost university is in the same town that i live in
either go big or go home
debt is like a weed in a garden
it grows until you are able to pull it out
but the reason the weed exists is because you started a garden
and the garden may produce beautiful crops that are worth it
but are you good at raising beautiful crops?
if not then only the weed will live
and the weed and garden ended up being a failure
causing a big waste of time and regret
even if the crops turn out garbage
you can fake that they are good
many people sell nasty crops nowadays
what im trying to say is eat your vegitables
Going well
Man idk what to code
I'm currently doing my blog and posts for it
But I'd do some C++ tool
I don't carrot all
My celery isn't large enough to cover my debts
@split pawn
Sup
I'm okay
Good morning
It's night
Oh I see
Alright
Why?!!
k
k.

c
q
I did not mean to be rude, that is how I type sometimes! c:
They did it with a dot so they are fine.
o
r
b
o
r
_ _
j
o
r
r
_ _
hi Mero :)
k.cqor bor jorr
h-hi ry x
ahhh tired
We did it Reddit!
Guys anyone want a challenge
bro took a vacation to desktop background
qatar looks like garbage but there'll probably be a time when im out in another country and i'll miss the "qatar aesthetic"
posted in #chill
In what?
is it another multiple choice nonsense question
Hi.
Hicel
Edward, what's good?
tired of being in Iran
Anybody know methods to create a function using coordinates, that does not involve matricies?
matrices are just representations of the thing your'e dealing with
I know, but ive already modelled a function using matricies, and i need a different method to show complexity for my paper
idk
how do i talk in math form
∀±≧≫ ∈∮≪≧ ∨∠∞ ⊃∩∑ΙΛη, ⊆∮⊅ΙΘ⊅∇∥∞∆‰.
Use Godel numbers

does anybody know where the term "kernel" came from
i tried googling it and couldn't find anything
nvm i found something on stack exchange lol
what an amazing answer
The word kernel means “seed,” “core” in nontechnical language (etymologically: it's the diminutive of corn). If you imagine it geometrically, the origin is the center, sort of, of a Euclidean space. It can be conceived of as the kernel of the space. You can rationalize the nomenclature by saying that the kernel of a matrix consists of those vectors of the domain space that are mapped into the center (i.e., the origin) of the range space.
I think a somewhat analogous rationale might motivate the designation “core” in cooperative game theory: It denotes a particular set that is of central interest. (In this case, it denotes—loosely speaking—the set of such allocations among a given number of persons that cannot be overturned by collusion among some of them. This property lends the core a sense of stability and equilibrium, which is why it is so interesting.)
now i understand the kernel just a little bit better
yeah, i always imagined the kernel as this blackhole in euclidean space which sucks up everything in it lol
lol
i imagined it as a 1/2 of the domain
and the rest of it was the portion that mapped to the range
because sum n = -1/12 = 1/2(-1/6) (there is a 1/2)
ohh got it, that makes complete sense!!!
not 1/2, but a half
like two parts, i mean i imagine the kernel smaller for sure but
it is one half, out of two, (kernel, range in domain)
idk
no yea lol that's fair
xd
lol
<@&268886789983436800>
I always imagine the kernel as the preimage of 0
<@&268886789983436800>
damn, the definition of the kernel is THAT controversial?
assuming I know e^x is irrational for all rational values of x, can I say that because e^ipi=-1 i*pi must be irrational therefor pi is irrational?
i pi is irrational anyway because it's not a real number.
But i*x being irrational says nothing about if x is irrational in that case.
Actually, I think most people define irrationals to be strictly real. Either way, I think the theorem you're referencing doesn't work.
well can't you extend rational to complex numbers?
Like says z is rational if and only if
it can be written as a+bi/c+di where
a,b,c,d are integers(regular)
You'd have to prove your statement about e^x under your new definition of rationality.
yes, but you can do it by just saying a + bi where a and b are rational numbers
ok
wait
this doesn't work

Under this new definition of "rational" and "irrational" which includes complex numbers, then yes
TimesZeroed: look up the Gaussian integers, noticing that some primes become not-primes when you go into the complex numbers is the beginning of a field known as algebraic number theory
ok
Good observation! (2+i)(2-i) = 5
so
I think this is not relevant to the definition of rational/irrational though
it's not broken?
oh ok
I thought that if prime numbers change
then maybe irrational numbers change
Cooool
Greetings, everyone. I am inquiring if there is an individual knowledgeable about the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology utilized in the Snipping Tool within the Windows 11
Help me pleaseee
Dice can also be (regular) dodecahedrons, which consist of twelve equilateral pentagons. Their sides are then labeled with the numbers from 1 to 12, whose opposite sides add up to 13.
How many such dodecahedral cubes are possible under these conditions?
Thats a Question my 12 grade teacher gave me for homework but i cant seem to find an answer
When I go to college (if i can get in), is it recommended to retake all the math courses: calc 3, lin alg 1, alg 1, complex var?
I'm looking over the topics the universities cover, and I'm only missing 1 topic at most. I'm not sure how essential those are though.
For example, for lin alg 1, the only unfamiliar topic is "bases and coordinates", so I'm not sure if these missing topics are something that I can learn before entering or should I completely retake the class?
I mean how are you familiar with the stuff after bases and coordinates if you aren’t familiar with bases and coordinates
if you could better use that time then better use that time
sorry, just looked it up. Forgot the definition
Oh ok
taking a class that depends on X is a good way to relearn X
you don't need to take the class on X if it's just a few things you're not completely familiar with
Ok because I don't remember macluarin series/taylor series off the top of my head either from calc 2 and I haven't used them in ages, so it seems a bit vague
as long as you get the general idea
f(a) + f'(a)(x - a) is the best linear approximation to f(x) for x near a. this is the definition of the derivative at a. what about the best quadratic approximation? cubic? polynomial of arbitrary degree?
I was amazed by Taylor series when I learned about them
Fr me to
sure, power series! you might expect that the approximation gets better and better as we keep adding higher and higher degree terms
sometimes it does, and it's good enough to give us the original function
:o
e^x too
of course
Oh
sin x and cos x were just the first that came to mind
you guys in university/college?
No
I wouldn't say trivial
I mean idk but the series expansion of it is basically directly from the definition
But sinx and cosx are harder
Harder I meant
Highschool?
I see what you mean
I am, they aren’t
Cali and I think also tteppa are already graduate
Yes
you are on a whole other level than me then dude
You’re right.
I need to@climb the ladder
are you north american?

real humble
Yeah I life in NA
Wdym
american?
sarcastic comment based on what you said
Oh lol
oh dude
no im just curious because u seem so far ahead of me education-wise
grade?
Amukh is just motivated
9?
ur trolling
Y I BE WUESTIONSED 😭😭😭
Fr I jus “ily maffs”
That's all it takes. Wanting to know what higher math is about
I’m not even good it’s just a hobby
oh you're young, i'm already in 12 
How do you do on tests in school?
nah im pretty sure i dont have the mental capacity
Good since it’s a hobby
Yk
I mean it’s more than a hobby
not really, i like it somewhat and just float through math courses cause i don't like to memorize
But you get the idea
linear algebra is harder than calculus right? or am i mistaken
abt the same, both are relatively straightforward if you have a good foundation
at the basic computational level linear algebra is easier
you can only row reduce so many times before it's burned into your brain
but integrals can be fucking anything
yeah having a good foundation is a huge part i can tell
usually in my case when i run into a problem its something i forgot from the year prior
Depends on wich
Geometry + LA
Sorry I tabbed out for a bit
Vladimir Antonovich Zorich (Russian: Владимир Антонович Зорич; 16 December 1937 – 14 August 2023) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician. He was the author of the textbook "Mathematical Analysis" for students of mathematical and physical specialties of higher education, which was reprinted several times and translated into many languages.
TIL vladimir zorich (author of two volumes on real analysis) died a few months ago
Oh..
rip
May he rest in peace
Rip
May peace be upon him
I was reading about Information Theory. It makes sense to me now in 2023. But how did Claude Shannon come up with this in 1948? He was the first one.
How does someone come up to a completely new thing for the first time?
i don't think anyone has an answer to "how does one come up with something"
the world if we had a single way of finding out things
a lot of tinkering around, seeing patterns, etc
it all depends on the context of the work they were doing before, the problems they were trying to solve
I sometimes wonder, I won't be influential like Shannon in my life around the stuff I like. I know a bit of overthinking but still.
thats okay
it takes ages of invisible incremental change before a massive influential change comes kn
everyone's doing there part
I think I finally understand what living in a simulation means
I keep seeing math topics in the server that I just saw recently irl
I can teach you my dark ways
True influence occurs after your death
Look at Confucius
Clifford
Galois
:0 GLaDOS
shes still alive
She's doing science? :0
and when youre dead she will be
:0 still alive. Does she feel fantastic?
yep!
What a triumph 💯
it's so delicious and moist
You think long and hard about it instead of watching anime all day
to be fair you need to have some predisposition for thinking long and hard about something
That's why most people aren't geniuses
what is sin37
sin(37)?
.602
,w sin(37)
You could just use 3/5
(unit circle)

,tex .unit circle
Akira (fumo)
ah nvm lmao
about?
i guess
Haha
Why
My internet is kinda slow
rip
Readable though
what class is this
no highschool
That's actually not that bad
Mine is worse
(or about this actually)

this is what i have to deal with
💀
cat
Bruh
We’ll never be alone again
are there any academics with decent handwriting
They really love the number 370
Yes, plenty
.e
Gauss had beautiful handwriting it's known
my old commalg prof had nice handwriting
any one here familar with entity relationship diagrams and nested relationships (because i am struggling here)
for databases?
yh
umm, i dont need help drawing it, its just that this wording is kinda confusing
ok
can you dm?
just post here
ok
someone else might be able to help as well
This is the wording im confusing about "Where known, we also record for a given species the other species from which the given species evolved". So before this species laid out as an entity with attributes, which i understand.
But it is self referencing (i think) but idk how to show that on a er diagram properly
junction tables
let me check some books
on ER diagrams
to give u examples
k?
ok
is there any particular normal form you are using for this?
im not finding nice figures
i know what im looking for just give me a sec to keep going through books
no problem
@jovial walrus
thats a little bit more complicated than ur example
but u get the idea
ill send u the book in DM
ok no worries
If anybody who has taken digital SAT, then was the SAT test in some software where you must download ir before the test day or did you do it on some random digital SAT website?
Asking from those who have taken the digital SAT with their personal laptops
2 times 2 is 4
Bru if theyre only doing 2 sections and digital, at least make the questions harder
Petition to add calculus to the SAT /j
this but unironically
gotta make sure the kids suffer
:D
actually calculus isnt even that hard
theyd be fine
add some real analysis for the suffering though
:D
We don't really use this one
hey
Quantum physics is the reality of a stethoscope dosing into ones skin. Each microfiber with the unity of molecules into the vaporized mechanics of ones artificial cells.
Omg..yohan is that YOU??
OMG…
Hello guys
Hi
wauw
me and who
i’ll go
If anyone takes interest here's a question I posed to someone asking me for questions in a help channel. Made it myself so errors are regretted.
A tank of 0.6L is filled by two pipes of radii $r=\frac{3}{\sqrt \pi}$cm and 2r respectively, in 1 minute. Find the rate of flow in both pipes assuming water flows through both pipes at a constant velocity (in cm/s)
Are the 2 pipes used at same time or do they take 1 minute individually
same time
Is it 5/9 and 5/36
I didn't solve it for myself, I jus made it hol up Im busy rn
U should try it yourself when u get time cause I think the question has to give smth more to calculate the velocities . I just made a guess on that answer
We didn't ask for velocities tho?
Then wdym by rate of flow
i hope you freeze
^
V/s
In terms of cc/s basically
The cm/s is units for the velocity
I mean it doesn't matter but I've seen PPL assume m/s as usual
||so the answer is 2,8||
They are catkings
Internet moment 
wow ok ryx ignored me smh
VPN makes it work
where ı can get help about geometry
Merhaba
@sterile cove
oh you know turkish
You saw that Akira?
structure of the stem of a dicot plant
Please read, answer and send this to the International Mathematical Union:
Mathematics depends on the condition of evidence and proof, but there is no evidence or proof that confirms the validity of infinity within a scientific and realistic mathematical practice.
Mathematics is included in the academic classification as a science. This means that mathematics must be free of everything that hinders its existence as a science worthy of educational adoption. This requires the necessity of practicing it far from illusion and imagination. This means that mathematics must not contain the illusion of abstraction and the myth of infinity.
Why does the International Mathematical Union continue not to answer questions related to the history of mathematics, the philosophy and criticism of mathematics, or in particular those concerned with the criticism of infinity?
Why do mathematicians around the world avoid engaging in debates and discussions about the history of mathematics and the criticism of infinity?
What is the reason behind all this?
Best regards
Mohamed Ababou
Someone posted this in a server that I'm in! Want to know people's thoughts lol
I guess it's fair to say it's not a science then lol
pls
What does he mean by infinity?
I'm not sure lol
I mean surely you can't do much science without infentecimals
without what 
Aren't infentecimals $\frac{1}{\infty}$ unless I'm spelling it wrong
Joshii
i dont think so
Ababou is a well-known crank
Really? Lol
"In mathematics an infinitesimal number is a quantity closer to 0 than any standard real number, but that is not 0"
Wouldn't that be resembled as $\pm\frac{1}{\infty}$
Joshii
no
Then what?
Yes
It's not a real thing
you should not pay attention to anything this person posts
1/infinity is not a real number, and the limit of 1/x as x approaches infinity is 0
Yes but infinity isn't a real number but we still refer it as infinity, then shouldn't 1/infinity be referred as infinitesimal?
Debatable
an infinitesimal would be a "number" like epsilon with the property that epsilon is not zero but epsilon^2=0
there are no real numbers like this
but it can still be a useful thing to work with sometimes
Only if it’s a number in the system you are working with
No, the closest thing you can use the “refer” to infinity imo is a limit, and I just said the result would be 0
Not a inf
Oh okay
Unless you work with surreal numbers
nobody does this though 
I've always heard people refer to to dx in calculus as "infinitesimally small" by always I mean from Eddie woo
Which is where I got the idea that , that meant 1/infty
People should use systems that are at least as strong as the surcomplex numbers
And it’s sad they most people don’t
Wdym by “strong”
I mean that can do the same or very similar things
What are surreal numbers
but what makes this system compelling to use
you said "strong" and then backtracked to mean "similar" to your pet number system
My preferred number system can actually do more things the surcomplex numbers
lol
but can you explain what these "things" you mention are
you just keep alluding to them
It has both complex numbers and you can mess with numbers that are not finite
GTBOT is an ababou alt
My system can also divide by zero but i don’t want to elaborate on that
Who?
exactly
and we care about messing with numbers that are not finite because...?
I mean it’s not always needed
But the option to do such is better then not
And it doesn’t effect other things
So no reason not to make it default
this almost surely DOES affect other things
How so?
well i cant say since you refuse to elaborate
but from past experience with talks with you it almost surely lacks the nice properties that R or C have
Unbased 0 ring
What does that mean
The 0 ring is not based
the only good "number systems" are local or global fields
What
@fair mural
hi
what to do when u lose 60% percent of your math skills due to taking online classes and barely paying attention and not learning much so u revert to the math level of a 5th grader 😭
i was never bad at math in fact always have a's and b's but now i just can't even seem to do easy algebra
without certain memory of operations being completely deleted from my brain
Start where you are. Put in like 15 minutes of Khan academy a day catching up
Spend a month going through Basic Mathematics by Lang 
is that a youtube video
$41 on Amazon, textbook
i found the pdf version for free\
It starts right around the 5th grade levels up to Pre-Calc
That's TS of Dicot stem
How is it? I'm really curious
I feel most books of that category, i.e. college math/precalc, have this strange middle/high school feel. Even Calc I/II texts understand that most their students are pre-med, engineers, etc and have a similar approach.
Basic Mathematics comes at it from a mathematician focus and it feels a lot more formal, straight to the point, and just feels right, like purposely designed just for math majors
Anyone know if Algebra1/2, Geometry and Trig courses on Khan Academy is enough to be ready for Pre-Calculus?
Speaking of, Basic Mathematics by Lang covers all of that AND Pre-Calc. $41 USD on Amazon or find the pdf online
I recommend it to everyone, my 10yo son is going through it right now, I use it whenever anyone needs IRL math help or tutoring, and I like to go through it and refresh on basic math from time to time.
Hey cool
I wonder if my wife will like it. She needs to practice for a college entrance exam
Sweet thanks for the advice, I'll use that in conjunction with KhanAcademy
Mine used it for that exact reason lol but reluctantly, she said it was too nerdy for her taste. But it still helped and she's not a math major
She pretty much just went through Part I and a couple other random chapters in Part II and III
Thanks for the input. I'll consider it
Can every two sets of numbers have a function mapping one to the other?
be more specific
sure there are |Y|^|X| functions from X to Y
Like if I imagined a random set {345, 78, 9009336,...} There should be function to go from n:1,2,3,.. to the set even if it's very complex
sure, but what i meant by 'be more specific' is to pin down the nature of that function when you said "one to the other"
do you want it to be injective, surjective, maybe bijective?
hmm..whichever is one to one.
these properties of the functions you consider depend on which sets you choose as your domain and codomain
N would be domain and the random set of integers would be the result.
for this scenario, yes.
Is there way to get the function for any random set?
what is "the function"?
The one which maps N to the set I described
with your example you can just enumerate the values and have f(1) = 345, f(2) = 78,...
unless you're referring to the existence of an explicit or recursive sequence that describes the function
Well I meant like how we have function 2^n that connects N with exponents of 2
i'd like to say this is something to do with computability but im too tired to be precise enough with my language to accurately describe it atm
What subject should I search for?
computable functions
this computability discussion seems orthogonal to the question first posed
the answer to "can i have a function with a specific rule" is "yes"
no matter what that rule is, as long as it maps each input to an output
it's a valid function
(in fact, you dont even need an explicitly stated rule - but if you're providing the codomain "set" in order, then that suffices)
(i say "set" because sets carry no actual order whereas it seems like you want your notation {345, 78, 9009336,...} to represent f(1) = 345, f(2) = 78, f(3) = 9009336, etc. respectively)
(you'd need some object with order - i.e. an ordered tuple - instead of a set to capture this notion)
(but that isnt a deficiency of functions, it's a deficiency of the way you stated your question)
Well I simply meant a formula or a procedure that plays with numbers such that it gets the resulting set from N. I think @josemom2 simply meant assigning f(n) to my set? Which is useless if that's what he meant.
oh, thats harder to answer then
since part of it comes down to definitions - what operations do you "allow"?
if you want specifically polynomials, then there exists a polynomial function that extrapolates arbitrarily many points with distinct x values
Any operations that aren't magical in nature, like assigning different numbers to each other is something we do and the numbers cannot appear together naturally
so for any natural n and any ordered tuple (a_1₁, a_2, ... a_n), you can construct a polynomial such that f(1) = a_1, f(2) = a_2, ... f(n) = a_n
this is known as polynomial interpolation
it does require finite n, however
not really sure what this means.
What is the terminology that I should know for this topic?
like i would argue that indicator functions "aren't magical in nature"
but they completely trivialize the question
(assuming you allow e.g. infinite sums or definite integrals, at least)
high school algebra? like i want a list of operations you allow
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, logarithms, modulos, absolute values....
etc
polynomials, for example, specifically allow addition, subtraction, and multiplication
(including repeated multiplication, i.e. natural exponents)
and nothing else
polynomials can interpolate finitely many points (n, a_n) but not infinitely many
you can generalize polynomials to work for some sets of infinite many points — look at power series for example — but this wont work always
e.g. there is no polynomial way to represent f(x) = |x|
for a challenge, try to see if you can prove this (the finite part) as a corollary of the fundamental theorem of algebra
linear algebra is helpful but not necessary
they didn't tell me the word 'interpolate' in high school..
think of interpolate as just 'passes through those points'
yeah, i defined it here
here's an example of lagrange interpolation if you wanna fool around with it, just add whatever pts to the list to your hearts content: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/cnw2267yd2
important to see how bad this can get at interpolating
yeah its not always a nice function
but it is a function that uses only "simple operations"
i.e. addition and multiplication
if you don't care about being exact and just approximating, the weierstrass approx theorem also lets you approximate any continuous function on an interval by a polynomial to arbitrary accuracy
(in the real world, most practical applications look for polynomial fits, not interpolations)
(fits can be approximate)
generally, higher degree (order) means a "better" fit but a "less nice" function, especially if your goal is to extrapolate
in any case, thats not really what you asked about
this is called overfitting also and its no bueno :(
that's a whole nother bag of worms though
i kinda want basic gradient descent with validation to be part of high school curriculums
not for everyone but for students who are planning on going to university
it helps so much with mathematical intuition imo
i guess the problem is that students need to not be scared by derivatives going in
I guess the smallest step would be to get them to focus on newton's method more
in calc AB or w/e
yeah thats probably more feasible
and you could probably teach high school teachers it
which is a bonus
i genuinely think being required to program stochastic gradient descent with validation in my 2nd semester of uni did a lot more for me than any math course i took that semester
in terms of mathematical development
plus it produces cool graphs!
yeah I think having more programming and more programming in math would be way more modern
from my files, this actually made a lot of stuff "click" for me wrt overfitting and stuff
like i could understand the toy examples but not how it actually emerges
like start teaching python in 8th grade and have a class in it every year
overfitting is rarely obvious in practice
even in this graph its only a very small trend
but it IS a real trend!
for comparison, here's the training loss from (i think) that run
cool
i mean it is like, the most basic imaginable toy example
i am pretty sure every ML student has done something like this
but it was cool to see that the training loss looked like it was converging at a very normal and not-at-all-suspicious way
and would settle at around ~0.23
which doesnt set off alarm bells for overfitting
but then you look at the accuracy and are like !!
nowadays if i had to implement SGD i'd probably have to do a lot of googling just to like, get the matrix dimensions right and shit
but the broader point stuck with me pretty well
(also neural networks are a very cool immediate extension of this, but thats admittedly a lot harder to wrap one's head around)
I honestly don't know about that, actually putting in the time to work out the examples like this is something I think a lot of people skip
i can't believe i redirected the entire conversation with just a silly comment
i think this could teach other "good habits" as well
like before you can even talk about gradient descent you have to ask
"how do we determine whether a result is better or worse than another?"
i think a lot of people less used to the scientific method just kinda... take that for granted
manipulation skill path unlocked!
Manipulate your way up to pink role
the idea of "start your science by defining a metric" is a very useful one IMO
that i think a lot of undergrad sciences fail to teach to students
yeah I think so too, especially biology feels tough
giving them a context where theyre forced to explicitly define their performance metric (and where sometimes they need to re-evaluate the goodness/appropriateness of that metric!) could really help teach scientific habits
IMO
throw out the whole 'scientific method hypothesis etc' stuff and just say like, "ok we model this stuff and like if it stinks we improve the model" imo
idk, i guess the problem with teaching basic ML is that it requires fluency in linear algebra and basic matrix calculus
and we do that by having some metric and measuring against it
like it doesnt require you to know that much math
but it requires you to be really comfortable with the math it does require
you shouldnt be tripped up by what w^T @ x means or whatever
(not the notation but like, the idea)
yeah, although in my experience as a private tutor for advanced math highschool students for several years, the most LA they saw was adding matrices and just had to know the RULE for when two matrices could be multiplied, not even how to multiply them
HUH
as in, they had to know "the inner indices were the same"
sometimes they'd be asked to compute multiplying some rectangular matrices and determinants of 2x2 matrices
but they weren't really expected to remember that
why even deal with matrices then
i mean i think education is too focused on matrix-matrix multiplication in general
it was more just an exposure thing for college and I think the ACT covered it
when matrix-vector multiplication is way more important in practice
and matrix-matrix multiplication is just composition
that and/or the math SAT subject test(s)
but that might be my pure math brain talking
it always felt weird that matrix multiplication was introduced to me before they explained why
and then later they proved that it corresponds with linear function composition
in my second semester LA course the instructor approached it the other way in the "2-week beginning-of-course review" and it helped my intuition a lot
I don't really remember the exact order, although I do have a very clear memory of learning RREF and that made perfect sense to me since it was literally just systems of linear equations and so I could always just lean on that
i.e. introduced linear maps, then showed that it corresponds to matrix-vector multiplication, then showed that we can represent composition of linear maps by a certain process on these matrices



:(