unix

[main olive]

do

[dapper musk]

ah i got it in reverse

grep -P "[\x00-\x1F\x7F-\xFF]" input_file | od -x /dev/stdin should work based on this https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25720471/how-to-find-non-printable-characters-in-the-file and https://manpages.debian.org/jessie/coreutils/od.1

[main olive]

what about this

this is hex bytes right

is it possible to convert this to string

apparently xxd -r -p

[dapper musk]

yes

however those characters should be non printable at least according to question

[main olive]

yeah

they look like this

i am so confused 😢

[dapper musk]

question asks you to find sequence of non printable non ASCII characters and then print it in HEX

[dapper musk]

so this should be it

or rather it is not it

because you do something strange with sort and uniq for some reason?

just do grep '[^[:ascii:]]' -o | xxd -p /dev/stdin ie find all non asci characters and conver them to HEX using xxd without printing line numbers

[slate crypt]

I'm getting this weird error when I try to update openssh on my rhel server. Any ideas on the cause?

➜  find /var/cache/dnf/ -name '*.rpm'                     
/var/cache/dnf/rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms-ce63dfa6a7abcf7b/packages/openssh-server-8.0p1-13.el8.x86_64.rpm
➜  sudo find /var/cache/dnf/ -name '*.rpm' -exec rpm -U {} \;
error: unpacking of archive failed on file /etc/ssh/sshd_config: cpio: utime failed - Resource temporarily unavailable
error: openssh-server-8.0p1-13.el8.x86_64: install failed
error: openssh-server-8.0p1-10.el8.x86_64: erase skipped

I apparently cannot update the time of sshd_config?

# touch /etc/ssh/sshd_config
touch: setting times of '/etc/ssh/sshd_config': Operation not permitted

Found my issue. https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-server-73/cannot-edit-sshd_config-as-root-510959/

[static silo]

Thank you so much for answering! I'd love to use python since I'm way more comfortable with it compared to Bash, but I'm working on a Docker entrypoint script and I think it's best to just use Bash for that.

Anyway, I found a solution. I ended up not using subshells, so that I could use $! and it worked! Thanks again for your python example though 🙂

[formal schooner]

subprocess.run should return a "completed process" object that includes a status code and i think a pid

!d subprocess.run

[shy yoke]

subprocess.run

subprocess.run(args, *, stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, capture_output=False, shell=False, cwd=None, timeout=None, check=False, encoding=None, errors=None, ...)```
Run the command described by *args*. Wait for command to complete, then return a [`CompletedProcess`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.CompletedProcess "subprocess.CompletedProcess") instance.

The arguments shown above are merely the most common ones, described below in [Frequently Used Arguments](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#frequently-used-arguments) (hence the use of keyword-only notation in the abbreviated signature). The full function signature is largely the same as that of the [`Popen`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen "subprocess.Popen") constructor - most of the arguments to this function are passed through to that interface. (*timeout*, *input*, *check*, and *capture\_output* are not.)

[wise forge]

according to documentation only .Popen returns .pid though.
And if it is run with shell=True argument, it returns pid of a shell instead of a process

[formal schooner]

hm, good to know i guess. at least then don't use shell=True

[peak badge]

I'm using nvim with pyright. I have the following code:

class HologramResponse(BaseModel):
    success: bool
    limit: int
    size: int
    continues: bool
    links: Optional[dict]
    lastid: Optional[str]
    data: list
    
def fetch() -> None:
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    hologram_response = HologramResponse(**response)
    data = hologram_response.data
    lastid = hologram_response.lastid
    linkid_list = []
    month_list = []
    year_list = []
    sessions_list = []
    bytes_list = []
    for idx, value in enumerate(data):
        linkid_list.append(value.get('linkid'))
        month_list.append(value.get('month'))
        year_list.append(value.get('year'))
        sessions_list.append(value.get('session_count'))
        bytes_list.append(value.get('bytes'))
    ...

So pyright is telling me that I'm have an error (check picture attached) but the code runs perfectly and I do not understand why pyright is telling me that. Can someone explain me? This do not happens on VS code.

[wise forge]

Nice, u have typing checker

And it says your code is wrong in terms of typing

In vscode that can happen too with correct installed plugins

[peak badge]

But I do not understand why I'm really confused haha, so what should be the right way to write it?

[wise forge]

Fix data: list to correct type inside?
What type of objects in list?
list[Any] at the moment

[peak badge]

I did that, inside the list is a dictionary. So I updated it to data: list[dict] but it displays the same error

[dapper musk]

your enumerate is't corect

thats why it says tuple[int, Unknown]

because thats what enumerate returns

just do

for value in data:
  ...

[peak badge]

😮 you are right!! it returns the idx and the value!! that solved my question, thanks a lot!!!!

[dapper musk]

np

[tulip dock]

Is there a way to efficiently copy-on-write a file on Linux? Block by block, not copying the whole file on first write like overlayfs does?

Is there a tool to do that? If you're not running a filesystem with that capability already like btrfs or zfs

[dapper musk]

no COW needs to be implemented on filesystem level

[tulip dock]

It could be implemented as a virtual filesystem like aufs or overlayfs or unionfs-fuse

but they all seem to copy the whole file if you want to write to it

[dapper musk]

well that's defintion of COW

[tulip dock]

you could only copy the parts of the file that you change

[dapper musk]

thats ROW

not COW and thats why btrfs and ZFS do

most people just refer to it as COW

https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/SysadminGuide#Data_usage_and_allocation

[tulip dock]

So there's no way to do this, you have to move the original file onto a new filesystem that has built-in support for this?

[dapper musk]

well you were right about that you can implement it as virtual filesystem however i cannot find anything that implements ROW

so unless you want to write 1 yourself then there is no other way

[tulip dock]

I don't think your terminology is right for COW/ROW though

I thought they were only distinctions on which copy is the read/write copy when doing snapshots

e.g. in Linux the COW you get from fork() or mmap() is called COW but it operates at the page level

btrfs, zfs, etc also refer to this as COW

Honestly it does sound like I should make one myself. It shouldn't be too hard with fuse, especially if I don't want to support every possible metadata operation... and if I can rely on sparse files

[dapper musk]

from my understanding COW copies data on 1st write an then operates on new data like PHP does. While ROW will redirect you to old data if you try to acces part of it that had't been modified after 1st write

[tulip dock]

I think the only tool that I could use to do this is devicemapper... e.g. turn my file into a /dev/loop0 and use devicemapper's built-in COW to make another device with COW

then I have a device, not a file, but that's close enough

[main olive]

How do i fix CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED error

most of the solution refer to running Cerificates.command
is there an alternative way to fix this

i installed python using macports

is this a macports issue?

[shy igloo]

maybe, I used the installer

/Applications/Python 3.10/Install_Certificates.command @main olive

that's where mine is

my cert installer

[main olive]

i installed it via macports

which install python in diff location

[shy igloo]

where is your python

which python

[main olive]

/opt/local/bin/python

[shy igloo]

ah... where's your IDLE

or your python launcher app

[main olive]

vs code?

[shy igloo]

one sec

[main olive]

it just in appliation folder

[main olive]

no idea

[shy igloo]

okay

my mac

something like this

wait what

@main olive an app like that

[shy igloo]

okay where is that

in the filesystem

[main olive]

application folder

[shy igloo]

look in there\

Install_Certificates.command

you are looking for that

or wait

do you have pip

[main olive]

yes

[shy igloo]

@main olive do you have pip?

okay

run

pip install certifi

[main olive]

already did

in a venv

[shy igloo]

one sec

lemme send you my file

the cert installer

my mac is really slow

my python folder

[shy yoke]

Hey @shy igloo!

It looks like you tried to attach file type(s) that we do not allow (.command). We currently allow the following file types: .gif, .jpg, .jpeg, .mov, .mp4, .mpg, .png, .mp3, .wav, .ogg, .webm, .webp, .flac, .m4a, .csv, .json.

Feel free to ask in #community-meta if you think this is a mistake.

[shy igloo]

@main olive i'll dm it to you

python the bot stopped me

orrrrrr

not

okay i can't dm you

uhhh

one sec

#!/bin/sh

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3.10 << "EOF"

# install_certifi.py
#
# sample script to install or update a set of default Root Certificates
# for the ssl module.  Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
#       https://pypi.org/project/certifi/

import os
import os.path
import ssl
import stat
import subprocess
import sys

STAT_0o775 = ( stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IXUSR
             | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IXGRP
             | stat.S_IROTH |                stat.S_IXOTH )

def main():
    openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(
        ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)

    print(" -- pip install --upgrade certifi")
    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,
        "-E", "-s", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "certifi"])

    import certifi

    # change working directory to the default SSL directory
    os.chdir(openssl_dir)
    relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
    print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
    try:
        os.remove(openssl_cafile)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
    os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
    print(" -- setting permissions")
    os.chmod(openssl_cafile, STAT_0o775)
    print(" -- update complete")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
EOF

copy that into a .command file

and run it

if that fails then switch from python macports to python official installer

bc i think the dir at the beginning references an executable that isn't there

[main olive]

didnt work
i'll make an ticket on macports support

[shy igloo]

switch the /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3.10 for where your python is

@main olive try that first

[main olive]

how?

[shy igloo]

wait

imma make a python file for you

so you can just python it

# install_certifi.py
#
# sample script to install or update a set of default Root Certificates
# for the ssl module.  Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
#       https://pypi.org/project/certifi/

import os
import os.path
import ssl
import stat
import subprocess
import sys

STAT_0o775 = ( stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IXUSR
             | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IXGRP
             | stat.S_IROTH |                stat.S_IXOTH )

def main():
    openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(
        ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)

    print(" -- pip install --upgrade certifi")
    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,
        "-E", "-s", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "certifi"])

    import certifi

    # change working directory to the default SSL directory
    os.chdir(openssl_dir)
    relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
    print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
    try:
        os.remove(openssl_cafile)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
    os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
    print(" -- setting permissions")
    os.chmod(openssl_cafile, STAT_0o775)
    print(" -- update complete")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

@main olive ⬆️

copy that into a .py file

and python <file> it

i guess if that doesn't work you can check with macports support

[main olive]

https://andatche.com/articles/2012/02/fixing-ssl-ca-certificates-with-openssl-from-macports/
found a solution
just need to install curl-ca-bundle

[shy igloo]

ah

[main olive]

Just ran the code
didn't get any errors

thx

[shy igloo]

ah

okay you're welcome

[left sinew]

which theme

[peak badge]

https://github.com/catppuccin/catppuccin

[left sinew]

thank you

how to transfer theme to vscode

sorry i am new to these

[left sinew]

which wallpaper

[peak badge]

https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Catppuccin.catppuccin-vsc

[winged umbra]

Hi pythonistas! Can anyone gather why this would give me duplicated output? ```import subprocess

Get a list of files in a directory

output = subprocess.run(("ls","../assets/"),capture_output=True, text=True)
for i in output.stdout.split('\n'):
print(i)

it prints the list of files twice...very bizarre

[dapper musk]

it does't?

[winged umbra]

This is so bizarre I'm wondering about my sanity. I rewrote it using os.scandir and am getting a similar result

[dapper musk]

can you post full command?

[winged umbra]

also```(my-env) bb@s76:~/wrk/game-reps/blaster-2d/triangle$ ls ../assets
b2d b2d.ldtk block1object.svg enemy1object.svg enemy2object.svg wand_object.svg
(my-env) bb@s76:~/wrk/game-reps/blaster-2d/triangle$

[dapper musk]

thats awfuly strange

try listing /

or some other folder

[winged umbra]

@dapper musk thank you for your help. I'm going to shut my box down and do something else I feel like I'm in a stephen king movie

I'll ping you on this later if I get an update

[dapper musk]

ok

[winged umbra]

@dapper musk Phew...not insane. I was importing a module called triangle while inside of a directory callled triangle

so it was importing itself .. ? ;P

wild but fixing the directory names solved it

[dapper musk]

oh i thought that importing itself would return an error

well apparently it does't

import main
print("test")

python3 main.py
test
test

well for some reason this works

[winged umbra]

very odd right?

saw nothing about it on the internet it was so corner case

[brave bone]

I'm using ssh to upgrade Python on a Raspberry PI running PI OS (Debian). I used sudo make altinstall and that is running right now. does this actually install the new version or is there an extra step to install it? The tutorial is not very clear

The tutorial says the next step is to delete the old link and then run this sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.10 python3 but that implies the new Python was installed?

nevermind, I found another tutorial which says that sudo make will install the new Python

Woo it worked! ```pi@raspberrypi:~/Python-3.10.7 $ python3.10 --version
Python 3.10.7

[formal schooner]

this probably isn't what happened. show your file layout and describe how you were running it

[formal schooner]

you might want to try pyenv!

or at least python-build

[winged umbra]

I already showed the file structure and also Hodd Toward reproduced it. Also already using miniconda. Also changing the folder name one character fixed it... Pretty solid evidence that is what occurred

[formal schooner]

i apparently missed the context then

usually these issues revolve around having the wrong cwd and not understanding how python searches for modules/packages

[winged umbra]

@formal schooner its good point you make. from sys.path it shows the cwd being the first place it looks for packages. The unexpected result that occurred for me is that the cwd had the same name as a different module I was importing for a location farther down on the list. very weird

[formal schooner]

yeah, python loads the first result it finds in sys.path

so if you have a globally installed module foo, as well as ./foo.py, and ./foo/__init__.py, import foo will find and load ./foo/__init__.py and completely ignore the others

other issues arise when people run python foo/a.py and don't understand why things behave differently different from python ./main.py or python -m foo.a

[brave bone]

What is the advantage over installing Python versions how I did?

[formal schooner]

don't need to fuss so much with figuring out dependencies and compiler flags, or with downloading and extracting tarballs

[wise forge]

usually people recommend first using python venv, or python-venv which is the same within python ecosystem
this solution is preferable because it ensures not polluting your OS global python installed packages

this solution is still horrible for any deployment though

like pyenv (which is advanced version of venv, but i dislike it for long deps resolving)

the real solution is to use docker containers 🙂

they ensure all dependencies installed for applciation run (python packages / installed binaries to OS, whatever) and it would be still not polluting global OS system

each application can be having their own crap installed, without conflicting with others
and their old version would be easily wiped without a trace from system, when you deploy a newer version of them

[brave bone]

Yeah I had to install a few things manually to get it to work. So pyenv installs Python to a specific folder. Do I still use venvs? Just use the Python versions I installed to make a venv?

[brave bone]

Yeah I'll probably use docker if I get an actual web server deployed on this thing

[formal schooner]

venvs are still useful but less necessary, since the installed python is entirely unaware of packages installed by other pythons

[brave bone]

So I would use pyenv on a per-project basis? Like make a new install for each project?

[wise forge]

a favourite newbie deployment package is to use docker-compose usually. Really comfortable experience with boilerplating docker crap in yaml 🙂

minimal deployment final command: docker-compose up -d to deploy it, docker-compose logs to get its logs, docker-compose up to run without running in background
and no need to set any other multiple parameters like in regular docker

[formal schooner]

yeah i use docker compose even when i only have 1 image

podman supports it now too i think

i'm still using docker because pip caching with buildkit is awesome and i've read mixed reviews of podman support for buildkit

[wise forge]

i am tempted to migrate my dev environment to kubernetes one day. There are already made tools for that like tilt, dev spaces

but for now i am sufficiently satisfied with docker-compose too

[brave bone]

I'm running uvicorn through ssh, but the server closes when I end the ssh session. Any easy workaround for this?

Just a google lead would help

[wise forge]

google: ubuntu 20.04 create systemd service -> https://www.how2shout.com/linux/how-to-create-a-systemd-service-unit-file-in-linux/
(at least if u use ubuntu or debian based OS images for your server, for other linux OS types solution is a bit different how to schedule daemon runs in background)
Debian/Ubuntu is easiest to manage though

technically there can be even easier solution than this, but they are more ugly and less intended way to have it. This way ensures to set auto restart of a service on reboot or when ended in errors, amd seeing its logs

[brave bone]

Thank you! I'm running ubuntu server

[brave bone]

Is it normal to still need to use "python3.10" after setting 3.10 as local? ```bash
pi@raspberrypi:~/servers/test_fastapi $ echo "import sys;print(sys.version)" > main.py
pi@raspberrypi:~/servers/test_fastapi $ pyenv versions
system

• 3.10.7 (set by PYENV_VERSION environment variable)
  pi@raspberrypi:~/servers/test_fastapi $ python main.py
  3.9.2 (default, Feb 28 2021, 17:03:44)
  [GCC 10.2.1 20210110]
  pi@raspberrypi:~/servers/test_fastapi $

pi@raspberrypi:~/servers/test_fastapi $ python3.10 main.py
3.10.7 (main, Sep 14 2022, 02:12:25) [GCC 10.2.1 20210110]
``` using the full command works

[formal schooner]

no, did you forget to add the shell integration to your shell and restart?

[brave bone]

I'll restart shell. I added all of the lines to .bashrc

[formal schooner]

eval "$(pyenv init -)" ; eval "$(pyenv init --paths)" or something like that

yeah you need to open a new shell for bashrc to take effect

[brave bone]

Ahh now it works! I had to restart the shell after installing the new version, thank you

[formal schooner]

shouldnt be necessary every time, only after first installing pyenv

[brave bone]

Well I thought I had already restarted the shell after installing pyenv

[formal schooner]

weird. you definitely shouldn't need to restart every time

[brave bone]

This is in my .bashrc ```bash
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"

[formal schooner]

you will want to guard the eval behind command -v pyenv too but yeah seems fine

[brave bone]

It seems to working normally now, maybe I had previously entered "pyenv shell ..."

[formal schooner]

oh that's also possible

[shy yoke]

:incoming_envelope: :ok_hand: applied mute to @supple hare until <t:1663175157:f> (10 minutes) (reason: burst rule: sent 8 messages in 10s).

The <@&831776746206265384> have been alerted for review.

[eternal falcon]

@supple hare spamming to try and get voice verification is a quick way to have another few weeks of voice mute. Please don't do that.

[supple hare]

my bad lol

😛

[weak sorrel]

I'm trying to set up an alias in Powershell to quickly startup a VM in VBox

Command to start a VM in VBox: vboxmanage startvm Fedora where Fedora is the VM name I wanna start

I tried Set-Alias -Name startfedora -Value vboxmanage startvm Fedora but it couldn't accept 'startvm' for some odd reason

Set-Alias : A positional parameter cannot be found that accepts argument 'startvm'.
At line:1 char:1
+ Set-Alias -Name startvbox -Value vboxmanage startvm Fedora
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (:) [Set-Alias], ParameterBindingException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : PositionalParameterNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SetAliasCommand

[fickle granite]

sounds like you need some quote marks, there, Son

have you tried Set-Alias -Name startvbox -Value "vboxmanage startvm Fedora" or similar?

[weak sorrel]

one sec

It saved it but the shell doesn't recognize the value

gimme a min

It does work if I run it manually

This is what I got after I set startfedora alias

startfedora
startfedora : The term 'vboxmanage startvm Fedora' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of
the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At line:1 char:1
+ startfedora
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (vboxmanage startvm Fedora:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

But running vboxmanage startvm Fedora does work manually.

[fickle granite]

might want a function instead of an alias

[weak sorrel]

that make sense

is there such a thing as lambda function in powershell?

[fickle granite]

In bash, I never used aliases, and used functions isntead, for more or less this reason. Be funny if the same problem, with the same solution, is present in powershell

[fickle granite]

dunno

[weak sorrel]

hmm

[fickle granite]

try PS> help about_functions

[weak sorrel]

It worked!

[fickle granite]

huh

sorta surprised, tbh

[weak sorrel]

function Start-Fedora { vboxmanage startvm Fedora }

[fickle granite]

oh a function worked. That doesn't surprise me.

[weak sorrel]

function Stop-Fedora { vboxmanage controlvm Fedora poweroff }

[fickle granite]

use your power only for good

[weak sorrel]

🙉

[fickle granite]

lookit you, following the naming conventions 'n' stuff 🤣

looks around

this is #unix, right?

I mean I know pwsh runs on Unix, but ...

[weak sorrel]

Hence why I asked here innit

[fickle granite]

surprised there isn't a #windows -- seriously there should be. Far more people use it, and it has its ... uh ... unique challenges

[weak sorrel]

I'm surprised not alot are asking WSL related questions

[formal schooner]

there used to be, i think it was removed because it got a lot of spam from people who didn't read the channel description

[hallow herald]

Windows isn't only WSL

FYI for a linux guy

[weak sorrel]

What do you mean?

It's literally Windows Subsystem for Linux

WSL has some weird issues vs Linux

[tepid hare]

Hello I was wondering if anyone can help me. Im trying to install python3-pip package on ubuntu and it does not work

anyone knows whats the problem?

no ubuntu

and do you know why is it doing?

it is corrupted

[graceful mountain]

Is there a better way to use entry-points with selinux rather than having to install as root?

I'm guessing not but figured it was worth seeing what other people had tried

[formal schooner]

is there an error log of some kind?

[formal schooner]

i don't know much about selinux, but there has to be some way to allow the python entry point to work without installing as root

[graceful mountain]

The thing with selinux is part of its security measures is not allowing users to execute things that aren't in a root executable directory... Which completely defeats /home/.local/bin/

[formal schooner]

i'm pretty sure that selinux can be configured to allow users to execute binaries in other locations. but i'm not sure how

it looks like you need to create a new context for the executables in your home dir, e.g. semanage fcontext -a -t jahrules_user_bin_t /home/jahrules/.local/bin, and then set an allow rule for that

[tepid hare]

oh I aready solved it

i moved to fedora server much better

[wet folio]

Hi guys, I recently installed https://dbgbench.github.io/ tool. And I was trying to investigate some of their files for say find.07b941b1.report.txt in their repo to find few information like program, bugid, bug type, fault location, fault condition like this. Any suggestion what command I should use to find those information. I was using the run.sh in the docker dir but its not working for me. Any help regarding this. Thank you

[frosty depot]

I was trying to find few information like program, bugid, bug type, fault location, fault condition like this.
where os this information stored? you can probably grep the file to get what is needed

[wet folio]

Thanks. I able to get the information I need but it looks ugly to read 😆 trying to understand meaning of each information from it.

[main olive]

are help messages usually sent to stderr? I was looking at https://github.com/google/styleguide/blob/gh-pages/cpplint/cpplint.py#L6129

[wise forge]

if you will write as `sys.stderr.write("text"), it will get sent to stderr 🙂

if you will write through print, it will go to stdout (though u can specify in print as destination being to stderr too)
if you will use sys.stdout.write, it will go to stdout

if you will use raise Exception("text"), it will make tracelog to sderr

[wise forge]

and no. help messages aren't usually sent to stderr. But if user inserts wrong action, he receives interface help sent to stderr yeah

[weak sorrel]

I'm trying to fiddle a log file to yank certain and text and write with yanked text. I understand there's a register in vim but I can't seem to figure out how to yank and assign to different registers. Is there something in docs for this? Hard to find.

[shrewd stratus]

"ay would yank to register a
"ap would paste from register a

[weak sorrel]

ah

thank you!

I've been doing "+y to save to system register and have that mapped to a vnoremap

I didn't know how it worked

[shrewd stratus]

:h registers should tell you more

[weak sorrel]

thank you!

[weak sorrel]

ok so its not what I was hoping for. I'm struggling to (first) yank the text in the file and (second) yank another text in the file and write the second yank to the first yanked text. Got any idea?

I can do this with a macro of searching and visually selecting, but I'm having trouble with :w to write the filename from the first yank

[shrewd stratus]

like, append to the register?

[weak sorrel]

Not append to the register

hmm

One min

[shrewd stratus]

swap?

[weak sorrel]

you mean a swap file?

[shrewd stratus]

no swapping register contents

[weak sorrel]

oh no. I wanna save the contents

One min

<xml>
...
</xml>

filename: blabla.log

I wanna copy all content between and including <xml> tags and save them to the filename blabla.log

[weak sorrel]

This is in one huge log file

So I wanna save the many log files that its saving into multiple xml log files

Hope that make sense

I can do macro and visually copy between the xml tags and the filename. I'm just having trouble saving the content to the filenames mentioned in the same huge log file

Otherwise, I might try grepping but not sure how to grep multiple lines for the xml tags

[weak sorrel]

I gave up and just did the whole in Python.

My lack of bash/vim scripting has failed me

[shrewd stratus]

yeah, I don't think that's something you should be doing in Vimscript anyway

[formal schooner]

xml is the classic example of something that you cannot and should not try to parse using regex and other "context-free" string processing. you really do need a proper parser, unless you can make specific assumptions about the structure of the document.

so it's pretty easy to write a sed script to copy text between two lines, but once you have to start extracting information from the xml itself, you're struggling

@weak sorrel is this what you wanted?

#!/bin/sh

set -eu

input='test.xml'

output="$( sed -En '/filename: / s/filename: (.*)/\1/p' "$input" )"

sed -En '/<xml>/,/<\/xml>$/ p' "$input" > "$output"

[prime cave]

oooh. I did try awk but couldn't handle the multiline between the xml tags thing. I assume , is nothing?

[formal schooner]

what do you mean?

i also was just writing up an awk solution that does it in a single pass over the data

[prime cave]

what is , in /^<xml>/,/<\/xml>$/ p?

[formal schooner]

that's a range of patterns

[prime cave]

oh

[formal schooner]

oh the ^ probably doesn't need to be there

it's just pat1,pat2 ... meaning "apply ... to all lines starting at pat1 and ending at pat2, inclusive"

[prime cave]

ah multiple patterns

TIL

Wait, what if |?

[formal schooner]

you see it with numbers too, like sed -n '5,$ p' is equivalent to tail -n 5

[formal schooner]

what about it?

[prime cave]

Couldn't we do multiple patterns with |? Is it better with , instead?

[formal schooner]

that's completely different

[prime cave]

I've not practiced with ,

[formal schooner]

a|b is one pattern that matches two things

a,b is two separate patterns

[prime cave]

oh

[formal schooner]

, isn't part of the regex pattern syntax. it's part of sed syntax

in regex syntax , is just a literal , character

[prime cave]

well thats why I didn't recognize it

I guess I need to brush up on my sed and awk

I might need them in the near future

[formal schooner]

very useful tools

https://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sed.html
http://sed.sourceforge.net/grabbag/scripts/

https://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Awk.html

nice little awk solution

#!/usr/bin/env -S awk -f

BEGIN {
  run = 0
  n = 0
  output = ""
}

/<xml>/ {
  run = 1
}

run > 0 {
  lines[n] = $0
  ++n
}

/<\/xml>/ {
  run = 0
}

/filename:/ {
  output=$2
}

END {
  if (output == "") {
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      print lines[i]
    }
  } else {
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      print lines[i] > output
    }
  }
}

it's only a single pass over the file, but it does require holding the entire output in memory until you find the filename at the bottom

the awk solution isn't much different from the equivalent python solution, just different syntax and the for line in sys.stdin is implied, not written out

[prime cave]

Nice. I'll play around with both some more until I'm more familiar

Thanks so much!

[formal schooner]

personally i think awk is much easier to learn, and its functionality is more or less a complete superset of sed. i'd start there first

[prime cave]

I was told the same about awk too

[formal schooner]

fun story:

once when i was an intern, the team had received a data file from some tech people, but nobody on our team knew how to open the file (they were all excel users) which had the extension .dat, and the tech people weren't very responsive.

i had just recently started learning about unix tools, so i decided to try looking at the file with head and less, at least to visually inspect if it was "binary" or "text". it turns out that it was just pipe-delimited text data like col1 | col2 | col3. i ended up writing an awk script to clean it up, then i loaded it into R for further processing, and finally exported to an Excel book. i was treated like a hero for that!

[woeful dome]

What is a non-cursed way to check if something is a valid PCRE in python? (I'm guaranteed to be on Debian and have some normal packages).
I was able to do it by calling Popen(["grep", "-P", my_thing], ...) and seeing what error code it returns. But like, on a scale from 1 to cursed this is pretty cursed. Also not very fast.
I probably don't need it to be scientifically proven or whatever.

[formal schooner]

in hindsight, fuck you to whoever gave that dataset to my team without helping them open it and/or converting it to xlsx for them to use. but it was a great opportunity to apply all the stuff i had just learned, and to feel the raw sexy power of "the unix philosophy"!

[formal schooner]

other than binding to libpcre i don't think there's a better way. parsing the regex itself seems like a deep dark pit of wasted time and frustration

[prime cave]

hmm makes me think about files from libreoffice with odt or whatever its called

[woeful dome]

Ah yes, ordinary differential tequations

[formal schooner]

i have no idea how the odt format is laid out, but it's probably not parseable as plain text. i know that docx, xlsx, etc. are some kind of weird XML/ZIP hybrid

[woeful dome]

Yeah I was just wondering if there's anything in the cpython stdlib that already uses pcre.

[formal schooner]

nope i am pretty sure python uses its own separate regex engine and cpython knows nothing about libpcre

[woeful dome]

Like how sqlite uses btrees

[formal schooner]

for the most part i think python regex is a subset of pcre regex

not sure if it's a strict subset though

[woeful dome]

Yeah they're different

Maybe grep isn't that bad... And the program may be using grep in some cursed way already

[formal schooner]

oh dear are you doing some kind of input validation for a different program

i wonder if there's like an ABNF spec for PCRE somewhere that you can implement with Lark 😆

(subprocess doesn't look so bad by comparison)

[woeful dome]

Oh hold up @formal schooner, I can just call into libpcre2 with ctypes can't I

(""just"")

[formal schooner]

 pcre2_code *pcre2_compile(PCRE2_SPTR pattern, PCRE2_SIZE length, uint32_t options, int *errorcode, PCRE2_SIZE *erroroffset, pcre2_compile_context *ccontext); 

"just" indeed

[woeful dome]

Yeah lmao I'm working out this exact function right now

Segfaulting so far

[shrewd stratus]

how's that less cursed than calling out to grep? 🗿

[woeful dome]

Should be faster innit?

[formal schooner]

how fast do you need it to be?

[woeful dome]

I need to validate regexes from an API request, which might be hundreds, hypothetically. So maybe under 1ms

[woeful dome]

Ohh nice. The grep version takes about 1.5ms (as expected) while the ctypes version is only about 15us.

[formal schooner]

oh you got it working?

how did you end up doing it @woeful dome ?

[woeful dome]

Ye

Wdym how? Is there more than one way with ctypes?

I'm loading the libpcre2 library and then calling the pcre2_compile_32 function. If it returns a pattern, I'm just freeing it. Otherwise, I raise a Python exception with the error message

Also the error position is helpfully included unlike with grep which is just like: "you have an error in your regexp! where exactly? fuck you, that's where!"

[formal schooner]

oh i mean figuring out all the right inputs and such

i'm a little surprised that there isn't already a maintained libpcre binding library, but i guess it's usually not needed in python since python regex is close enough

[native inlet]

What is the default root logger?

For example, logging.info() logs a message to root logger, but I am not seeing it anywhere. I've checked syslog, messages, debug, etc.

[shrewd stratus]

it logs to stdout

the default level is WARNING IIRC

@native inlet

[native inlet]

So, if I pipe it to a file... Hm.

Wait a minute.

2>&1 suppresses stdout, doesn't it?

[shrewd stratus]

no

[native inlet]

That would make a lot of sense why I don't see it.

Oh.

[shrewd stratus]

2>&1 redirects stderr to stdout

so you can see stuff written to stderr in stdout

[shrewd stratus]

this is probably the issue you're facing

[native inlet]

The real issue I'm facing is that if the default level is warning...why am I even logging it?

What I could do is set the level to be set at INFO, IF debug is True.

Because when it works as expected, I don't really need to see it. It's a CSV line that it puts out if it matches another file.

[shrewd stratus]

you could set it to DEBUG if debug else INFO

[native inlet]

I think that was the intention.

DEBUG would do INFO and then some?

[shrewd stratus]

yep it's the more verbose level

https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#levels

[native inlet]

I was just looking at this, thinking, "If only there were some place it was documented..."

At SetLevel() where it says it only logs at WARNING. 😄

Okay, thanks. Now that I know what's up, I'll finish doing this step.

[shrewd stratus]

by default, yeah

[native inlet]

    logging.Logger.setLevel("DEBUG")```
This is throwing an error.

It says the Level is unfulfilled.

[shrewd stratus]

try

logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

[native inlet]

Okay, that works and PyCharm is pulling information for each part of it. logging.info(str(line)) So, when this is called later, if debug == true, it'll automatically get stdout?

[shrewd stratus]

provided your original condition satisfies, yes

is debug a boolean or str?

[native inlet]

I convert it to a Boolean. I call it from a configuration file, so I have to convert it in the code.

I learned that the hard way.

So, to my code up there, I have to add debug = True.

[woeful dome]

!pypi pcre

!pypi python-pcre

[shy yoke]

python-pcre v0.7

Python PCRE bindings

[woeful dome]

there is

but I don't want to add a dependency

also it's from 2015

[formal schooner]

and v0.7

[woeful dome]

I mean, maybe it still works

[woeful dome]

Not sure I get you

I just read the docs of libpcre2

[formal schooner]

i guess its just a matter of reading the docs, but figuring out all of whatever this is

 pcre2_code *pcre2_compile(PCRE2_SPTR pattern, PCRE2_SIZE length, uint32_t options, int *errorcode, PCRE2_SIZE *erroroffset, pcre2_compile_context *ccontext); 

and getting it to "not segfault"

[woeful dome]

thankfully I know how to use valgrind 🙂

[formal schooner]

i definitely do not. i should learn maybe

[woeful dome]

wait let me get it in a moment

[woeful dome]

you just run valgrind your_program that's it

and it does magic segfault diagnostics

[formal schooner]

oh cool

[woeful dome]

like, valgrind python ass.py

[formal schooner]

i guess the assumption is that python itself shouldn't have memory leaks, so anything that does leak would come from calling c functions?

[woeful dome]

yeah

well it's not about memory leaks

basically, when it segfaults, valgrind shows you the stack trace

like, in which function it died

[formal schooner]

oh wow

[woeful dome]

Well it's something like

error_code = c_int(0)
error_offset = c_size_t(0)
booowoa = b"".join(ord(s).to_bytes(4, "little") for s in string)

adr = pcre2_compile_32(c_char_p(booowoa), c_size_t(len(string)), c_uint32(0), pointer(error_code), pointer(error_offset), c_void_p(None))
if adr is None:
    # inspect error_code and error_offset
else:
    pcre2_free_32(adr)

I have done a bit of C so nothing complicated

[formal schooner]

yeah cool. i guess it's just a matter of looking at the docs / header file and figuring out what all the typedefs are

[woeful dome]

yeah

there's a reason I don't enjoy C too much 🙂

[summer trail]

That's a reason not to like ctypes, not a reason not to like C. The whole point of a typedef is to simplify things for the end user by aliasing type names. You're not supposed to need to unroll them, the compiler is supposed to do it for you

[summer trail]

you're facing that because ctypes deals with the library's ABI, rather than with its API, and typedefs are part of the API.

[shrewd stratus]

it prints them unescaped, which is why you get that behaviour

you can, for example, print the whitespace and newlines by passing -A

[velvet estuary]

I wrote a thread.
It works fine.
Also, i have try & except blocks for keyboard interruptions.
But still i see an error

The threading code:

The error:

[shrewd stratus]

@velvet estuary #async-and-concurrency is a better place for this question

[spare glen]

Does anyone know if its possible to use multiple cronjobs with different timezones?

[wise forge]

Firstly yes, it should be possible when using docker
Secondly... i think u should use celery beat as a more customizable solution

[spare glen]

im not using docker

[spare glen]

celery beat looks promising

[wise forge]

good time to learn anyway. it augments any solution

Docker Deep Dive is good book to get started

makes easier to use celery beat too

u just have one docker compose, where one container is celery beat, another celery worker to process tasks, and preferably celery flower as monitoring system. And redis key-value as meesage broker (has queued tasks inside before they are processed)

So at least three processes, which would be looking much better in docker

[wet folio]

#!/bin/bash
total=0
find /root/Desktop/code -type f -name "*.[ch]" | while IFS= read -r file; do

    count=$(grep -c ^ < "$file")
    echo "$file has $count lines"
    total=$count
done
echo TOTAL LOC: $total

[wet folio]

Hi guys, need help with this script. So I am able to print lines of code but the problem is it's not adding all the c and .h files lines at the end. I was trying to get the total LOC from this script. Anyone would like to help please:) Thank you.

[shrewd stratus]

that's because you're doing total=$count

[wet folio]

I tried with $total=$(($total+$count)) not working

[river raptor]

does anyone know a good program for benchmarking in linux?

[shrewd stratus]

do total=$(( total + count ))

[shrewd stratus]

benchmarking what?

[river raptor]

cpu and gpu

[wet folio]

Ok, I'll give it a try and see if it works or not:) Thank you again

[shrewd stratus]

I only know of stress-ng, but that's CPU-only I think

[river raptor]

thanks

because its cold for me and im on laptop and i need warm and i dont like gas prices

👍

[glad harness]

heyo, i have a discord bot that im hosting on amazon aws. this question isnt related to discord bots though.
i want to make my python bot script run 24/7, and im using tmux for this. the problem is, when i run my script, the terminal becomes non interactive and im unable to detach from it to make it run 24/7. how should i solve this?

[ember quiver]

The correct solution : https://unixcop.com/how-to-create-a-systemd-service-in-linux/

To get unstuck without closing your bot, you can Ctrl+z

[river raptor]

sucukmitei@sucukmitei-S15447:~$ sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sda1 /mnt/D
The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0).
Metadata kept in Windows cache, refused to mount.
Falling back to read-only mount because the NTFS partition is in an
unsafe state. Please resume and shutdown Windows fully (no hibernation
or fast restarting.)
Could not mount read-write, trying read-only

can someone tell me why i cannot mount /dev/sda1? i need to mount it so it can be written

[ember quiver]

As it says in the error, there is a problem with the file system. If you can mount it to a Windows device and run chkdsk it may be able to find and repair the problem

This is a drawback of NTFS in my experience, it will happen occasionally

Better to use a native Linux filesystem if you can and share to windows via smb or nfs

[river raptor]

It saidbthere are no problems

@ember quiver what should i do

[ember quiver]

You might be out of luck, but you can Google around

If it mounts fine in Windows I would share it over network via SMB probably

[river raptor]

How do i Share ober Network because both Windows and linux are in the same machine

[ember quiver]

Ah, not an option if you're dual booting.

[river raptor]

yes i am using dual boot

i found this on stack overflow i will try

okay it workd

thhanks dowcet

[weak hill]

Hey.
Here's an an example service for systemd (name it mysrv.service, or anything but it has to have .service at the end):

[Unit]
Description=A service
After=network.target

[Service]
Restart=always
User=user
WorkingDirectory=/home/user/bin/user/
ExecStart="/home/user/bin/user/main.bin

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

And here's a shell script to place it to the right place and enable it (name it installsrv.sh):

# !/bin/bash

# $1 = service file name (without extension)

ln $1.service /etc/systemd/system # Create a link instead of copying here
systemctl enable $1

Example usage: ./installsrv.sh mysrv (If you used a different name for the file above, use that instead of mysrv)

After this you'll have to start the service: systemctl start mysrv (or restart to restart, stop to stop)

[mystic sierra]

anyone here has experience with vim?

[fickle granite]

a little

[hidden pecan]

I getting this error while installing packages

in arch linux

How can I solver this?

[warped nimbus]

Can your system connect to the internet?

Did you follow the installation steps to set up an internet connection?

[hidden pecan]

how do i check it

[hidden pecan]

ig no

how do i RESOLVE THIS

[warped nimbus]

I was alluding to that with this message

[hidden pecan]

yup

everything working fine

now i was just going to setup custom kernel

for that I was installing some packages and now I getting just errors

[warped nimbus]

I don't have experience with setting up a custom kernel.

I would suggest you double check the configuration of your network manager

[hidden pecan]

sure

[warped nimbus]

And make sure your VM is set up to provide internet access

Make sure your network manager service is actually running

Could also be a firewall misconfiguration

This page may be helpful https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Network_configuration#Check_the_connection

[native inlet]

Anyone have tips for cleaner CLI formatting? Or is that something where as I write more scripts, I just do the same thing over and over again?

I've started putting like * [I] Information Goes Here for example.

[fickle granite]

do you mean, you want to know how to format your tool's output?

[native inlet]

That made me giggle at first because I am immature, but yes.

[fickle granite]

if the output wants to be a table, use https://tabulate.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ -- super-easy to use; output looks good

[native inlet]

How would you format doing like:

Now it's doing this
And also this
Oops! Have an error here!
But we can work around it```

[fickle granite]

well that's not particularly tabular, so I'd format that just as you've shown

what problem are you trying to solve by improving the formatting?

[native inlet]

Purely aesthetics.

[fickle granite]

gotcha

[native inlet]

When I run a lot of scripts, they just feel cleaner than that.

[fickle granite]

so copy their formatting 🙂

[native inlet]

Maybe it's just that they picked a standard of output and stayed with it.

I didn't know if there was a document somewhere with standards or if it was made up.

[fickle granite]

you could use the logging library -- that won't make anything prettier, but it'll add timestamps and INFO and stuff

[native inlet]

Logging is a handy one to use. I like it.

[fickle granite]

>>> logging.info("See?")
2022-09-28T14:37:10+0000: [000000000018243] See?
>>> ```

[native inlet]

I'll take this all in.

[tulip dock]

Is there a smart way to setup sudo so it doesn't prompt me for passwords? Maybe a yes/no popup instead?

I don't want to enter my password when I type 'sudo' in a shell, but I don't want program to be able to use sudo without my noticing either

[graceful mountain]

In the sudo config you can setup using sudo with nopass

And you can configure it for only specific commands/users/groups

It's quite granular if you need it to be

[fickle granite]

yeah but does that prevent some random program from running "sudo"?

[graceful mountain]

Well no; but you can essentially use the config to permit certain sudo operations that aren't particularly dangerous for a program to run

[wise forge]

how about raising docker container and having free reign from the name of root user for all programms

it will all dissapear with container deletion anyway. Your host OS will remain safe.

[tulip dock]

Yeah that's a problem, I don't want any process running under my user account to be able to run commands

[graceful mountain]

But when you run sudo the first time; for the next 15 minutes (default) any subsequent command also doesn't need a password

[tulip dock]

yes but that doesn't include other terminals and it does include other processes in my terminal beside my shell

that's not what I want

[graceful mountain]

Convenience and security rarely go hand in hand.

[tulip dock]

I don't know if I believe that

I could get a Yubikey and have it enter the password when I press it. I sort of just want to skip the password step

it provides no security in this setup

[fickle granite]

why not open another window, and type "sudo -s" into it, and just use that when you feel the need ... the need for root?

https://tenor.com/w6bn.gif

[graceful mountain]

Do you actually need root that often that this matters?

Or is it an xy problem?

[tulip dock]

Just setting up my machine, just updated. This is one of the inefficiencies I'm trying to remove

[graceful mountain]

You know back in my day, sudo didn't exist and we liked it

Everyone just used root like real sysadmins

[tulip dock]

su -c was always a thing

[graceful mountain]

Anyway, I fail to see how an occasional password entry is an inefficiency for anyone with semi-competent typing skills

It's like 15 extra chars max

[tulip dock]

I found polkit which sounds promising. It knows how to ask my graphical session for a password. I don't know how to replace the password prompt with an ok/cancel though

[graceful mountain]

I'm pretty sure password prompts aren't meant to be bypassed

[fickle granite]

We had to change the UID ourselves, by patching the kernel

[graceful mountain]

xD

Stage 1 Gentoo bootstrap install!

[fickle granite]

You try telling that to the younger generation ...

[tulip dock]

I setup full-disk encryption and enabled auto-login

I don't put passwords everywhere for fun, I have a threat-model in mind, that's how security works

I might just set NOPASSWD and forget about this, it's weird that there is no option though. Windows has a security prompt without a password, I thought Linux would be capable of it

[graceful mountain]

As if Windows were a good role model for adequate security?

[tulip dock]

that's no argument

[dapper musk]

in theory you can just write setuid program that will prompt for yes/no and use env to run whatever program you want. it will be secure enough because any malitious program acting would need to be targeted in order to use it and well propabilty of this being the case is basicly 0

[dapper musk]

you can also try appending

auth required pam_securetty.so
...
account required pam_securetty.so
...
session required pam_securetty.so

and try to make setuid wrapper that will just append tty to /etc/securetty and then set NOPASSWD on sudo

this will refuse authentication unless tty on which sudo is called is in this file

[main olive]

Who can help me with a Linux question

[fickle granite]

maybe me, if you post text instead of a photo 🙂

[main olive]

Okay give me a few minutes

[fickle granite]

surely you're not typing it by hand?

[main olive]

No I’m taking a screenshot

[fickle granite]

uh

I don't want a screenshot; I want text

so that I can run it myself, without having to type it

[main olive]

How would I do that?

[fickle granite]

use the clipboard to copy the text from the console, or text editor, or wherever it is; then paste it into discord

[main olive]

Okay let me see if it lets me

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter the city name" city
for temp in Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
do
read -p "Enter the temperature of $temp" $temp
done
let Total = $Monday + $Tuesday+ $Wednesday+ $Thursday+ $Friday+ $Saturday +$Sunday
let Average = $Total/7
echo $Average

Like that?

[fickle granite]

yep, tx

[main olive]

Okay I’m just trying to get an average of all 7 days

It keeps saying the bottom 2 lines are wrong

[fickle granite]

here's what I see

(echo 10; echo 20; echo 30; echo 40; echo 50; echo 60; echo 70) | bash unix.sh 
unix.sh: line 7: let: =: syntax error: operand expected (error token is "=")
unix.sh: line 8: let: =: syntax error: operand expected (error token is "=")

is that what you're seeing?

[main olive]

Yeah

Idk what that means tho

Or how to fix it

[formal schooner]

i didn't even know bash had a let builtin

it looks like the syntax is a bit fussy and apparently requires some quoting https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/commands/builtin/let

try Total=$(( $Monday + $Tuesday + ... ))$ instead (filling in the ... with the rest of the variables)

the $(( )) is "arithmetic expansion"

[main olive]

For which line?

And do I need to use let?

[formal schooner]

no i am saying you should consider using something else instead of let, because the syntax will be easier. the doc i linked has one option, and i just proposed another

[fickle granite]

and I am saying you should consider using something else instead of bash 🙂

like, I dunno, I hear python is pretty nice

[formal schooner]

also valid. learning shell scripting is a useful skill though

this arguably is not a great use case for it

[main olive]

Well this is for a homework assignment

And I’m not sure how sciptting works

[formal schooner]

the power of shell scripts usually lies in the ability to seamlessly interoperate with files and text streams, and generally low syntactic overhead for managing background and child processes

[formal schooner]

your homework is to write a shell script, but you don't understand how shell scripting works?

admittedly there isn't a whole lot to understand. Bash is a computer program that reads lines of input, and performs certain operations based on the commands provided in the input

[main olive]

He hasn’t taught us that

[formal schooner]

the input is a programming language

[main olive]

We only know about nano and pico

[formal schooner]

bash scripts are more or less the same as typing each line into the shell one after the other

don't think about it too hard

[main olive]

So if I do (( Monday + all the days)) that should fix the error?

[formal schooner]

the error arises because the let command expects very specific syntax, and you provided incorrect syntax

[main olive]

So what are my other options if I don’t use let?

[formal schooner]

if you want to use let, i think you just need to put quotes around the whole $Total = ... part

[main olive]

Oh let me try that

Yeah cuz let seems confusing

[formal schooner]

it looks like it expects each "expression" to be a single "word", which is shell script terminology for what we might consider a "string" in another programming language

[main olive]

But those should do the same thing or does let have a different purpose?

[formal schooner]

(( .. )) and let are similar and i think maybe equivalent. $(( .. )) is a bit more restricted and thus simpler

[main olive]

Got it let me try the other way I’ll let you know if it works

[formal schooner]

i suggest reading the page i posted earlier instead of guessing!

[main olive]

Where?

Wait nvm I see it thanks

[main olive]

Yeah it still doesn’t work

Even if I remove let

Your post is a bit to advanced for me right now

Can anyone else help me a bit more?

[formal schooner]

did you try putting the whole expression in quotes?

let "Total = $Monday + ..."

did your instructor actually tell you to use let?

[main olive]

I’m putting “Total” = $ “Monday + Tuesday … sunday”)

Or is that not how you put it

[formal schooner]

no, the whole expression needs to be a single "word", so it all needs to be in the same pair of quotes

i demonstrated above

[main olive]

So it would be “total = $monday+ $ tuesday … $ Sunday “

[formal schooner]

yes, try that

[main olive]

And same thing for average?

[formal schooner]

(keep in mind that Monday and monday are not the same thing)

[main olive]

Yeah the caps matters

[formal schooner]

yes

basically let has its own mini programming language that you might say is "embedded" in the Bash language

[main olive]

Okay so no ( ) for either of them?

[formal schooner]

the (( was an alternative option, but it's probably best to keep working with the command you are already working with

[main olive]

Yeah I looked into let us really confusing

[formal schooner]

(( Total = $x + $y )) is the same as let "Total = $x + $y" -- note that the quotes are not necessary in the first version

and Total=$(( $x + $y )) is yet another equivalent way to do it (note there must not be spaces around = in this version)

[main olive]

Wow so there’s 3 different ways

[formal schooner]

if you aren't required to use it, i suggest that you avoid using it

let as far as i know was considered a design mistake and was quickly replaced with ((

this was in the Korn shell during the 80s, and Bash i guess adopted both let and ((

https://www.unix.com/shell-programming-and-scripting/250580-let-bash.html

[main olive]

Okay I just tried this

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter the city name" city
for temp in Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
do
read -p "Enter the temperature of $temp" $temp
done
"Total = $Monday + $Tuesday + $Wednesday + $Thursday + $Friday + $Saturday + $Sunday"
"Average = $Total/7"
echo $Average

That gives me a different error now 😕

[formal schooner]

in general, you need to show the actual error, don't make people guess

!code also, read below carefully for instructions on posting code with nice code formatting:

[shy yoke]

Here's how to format Python code on Discord:

```py
print('Hello world!')
```

These are backticks, not quotes. Check this out if you can't find the backtick key.

[formal schooner]

however in this case the error is obvious: you omitted the actual let command

[main olive]

Wdym?

[formal schooner]

i think you are relying a bit too much on directly copying the text in my messages, rather than pausing to think through what i am telling you

[formal schooner]

you didn't actually write let anywhere...

[main olive]

Oh if you do “ “ you have to use let?

[formal schooner]

you're thinking about this completely backwards. the " stuff was specifically describing how to use let

[main olive]

I thought you said let is same as (( ))

[formal schooner]

yes, but you didn't actually write let!

you wrote "Total = ..." but you needed to write let "Total = ..."

[main olive]

Oh I see

[formal schooner]

just writing "Total = ..." as the first word in the command line will cause the shell to try to run a command called "Total = ..." which probably doesn't exist on your system (or anyone's)

[main olive]

Got it that makes sense

[formal schooner]

@main olive i also just saw your question in the help channel

is that where you got the idea to use let?

[main olive]

No I was watching a YouTube video for loops

And they recommended using let

My professor doesn’t really teach he just makes us read out of a book

[formal schooner]

i don't understand this obsession with watching YouTube videos for basic information that is probably in your book

it seems to be endemic among young people

the person making the video is pretty much just reading out of the book most of the time

[main olive]

The book didn’t really explain the topic

Like I still have no idea what -p is used for

But I just know you need it

[formal schooner]

what book are you using?

[main olive]

The Linux command line by no starch press

[formal schooner]

it might be a good time to start practicing reading the actual manuals

Bash has an extensive manual documenting all of these commands

[main olive]

With man?

[formal schooner]

the man page for Bash in particular is hard to read and search through because it's all one big page and man doesn't have good support for sections, jumping to specific items, etc.

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Builtins.html

the read builtin command is documented on that page

and the -p option thereunder

this page is also a little annoying because it doesn't have html "anchors" that allow me to link directly to the command, but it's easier to read than the man page i think

[main olive]

That makes sense hmm also can you explain to me what | I know it’s the pipe command I still don’t know what it does.

[formal schooner]

does the book not explain it?

[main olive]

It does but I don’t get it

[formal schooner]

what does the book say about it?

[main olive]

I’ve been really struggling with the point in piping 2 commands

It just gives examples of like ls | filename

[formal schooner]

a | b takes the output from command a and uses it as the input for command b

[main olive]

Can you give me an example with a command?

[formal schooner]

the name "pipe" is meant to evoke the process of connecting output to input with a pipe, like connecting a faucet to a bucket or something like that

[main olive]

So let’s say ls | a file.

It just opens the file?

[formal schooner]

no, you don't pipe things to a file

[main olive]

Hmm so when would you use it?

[formal schooner]

it's for connecting small programs in a "chain" or "pipeline" in order to perform more sophisticated processing tasks

[main olive]

But couldn’t I just do them separately or no?

Is the whole point it’s more convenient?

[formal schooner]

https://youtu.be/bKzonnwoR2I it might be elucidating to watch one of the actual creators of the pipe syntax talk about their origin!

[main olive]

Okay I’ll check it out

[formal schooner]

you could save the output of a to a variable and use that as input to b, yes. there are some advantages to pipes however, including the ability to process infinite streams of text, or extremely large streams that you don't want to store all at once

nowadays computers have a much larger amount of memory than they used to, so it's less important to avoid storing large chunks of text than it used to be

however the general paradigm remains extremely useful

https://youtu.be/tc4ROCJYbm0 here's another gem of a video with mr. kernighan talking about this stuff, back when it was all new

[main olive]

Who is mr kernighan?

[formal schooner]

the person in the 1st video, and one of the original unix developers

[main olive]

Oh wow is he still alive?

[formal schooner]

skip to 6:00 in the 2nd video for the demo of pipes

[main olive]

I didn’t know there was videos of the ones who created this stuff that’s so cool

[formal schooner]

yep most of the "OGs" are still alive, the oldest are in their 80s i think

[main olive]

Wow that’s insane also another quick question when doing if elif and else statements does indentations matter or no?

Cuz I know In python it does

[formal schooner]

not in bash. however it's best to follow standard indentation practices, otherwise your code will be difficult to read

[main olive]

Got it so I got it to work

😎

[formal schooner]

good!

[main olive]

Wait @formal schooner

I do need a bit more help if you got time

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter the city name" city
for temp in Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
do
read -p "Enter the temperature of $temp" $temp
done
((Total = $Monday + $Tuesday + $Wednesday + $Thursday + $Friday + $Saturday + $Sunday))
((Average = $Total/7))
echo $city $Total $Average
if [$Average -ge 80 ]; then
echo "Summer"
elif [$Average -lt 80]$$[$Average -gt 60]; then
echo "Winter"
else [$Average -le 60 ]$$[$Average -gt 50 ];
fi

I’m doing if else statements

I keep getting this error

./weather.sh: line 10: [96: command not found
./weather.sh: line 12: [96: command not found
./weather.sh: line 14: [96: command not found

[formal schooner]

you need a space after [

also use [[ instead of [, the syntax is more flexible

see "[[" in https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Conditional-Constructs.html and compare to "test" in https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bourne-Shell-Builtins.html

[main olive]

Okay that helps let me see if that works

[main olive]

Wait @formal schooner || is or right?

[formal schooner]

only inside of [[. outside, it has a different meaning in shell scripts

[main olive]

helllooooo

can someone tell me what dose <<sudo -i >> do ?

[prime magnet]

https://explainshell.com/explain?cmd=sudo+-i

[formal schooner]

you can format text with code syntax by surrounding the text with "backtick" characters: "`" these are on the same key as "~" on american keyboards, not sure about european

[graceful mountain]

This user got banned a couple hours back

[formal schooner]

ah

[pastel minnow]

Hey everyone! I’m new here on the platform! Nice to meet you all

[past ocean]

hi

[gentle vale]

#web-development

[modern kestrel]

Does anyone know how i coud strip a URL to extract part of it

Example strings

#https://gitlab.com/stringa/stringb/racing/service
#https://gitlab.com/stringa/stringb/innovation/replayer

If I wanted to take out racing or innovation

From URLs like that?

And return them as an environment variable to the parent script

[untold socket]

Try urllib.parse.urlsplit (its SplitResult object's path attribute is what comes after gitlab.com

From there you can split on /

[modern kestrel]

ah sorry i need to use Bash for this @untold socket

[dapper musk]

echo url | awk -F ‘/‘ ‘{print $6}’ should work however i cannot test it now cause i am on mobile

[formal schooner]

@modern kestrel in addition to urllib, i really like the Hyperlink library

!pypi hyperlink

[shy yoke]

hyperlink v21.0.0

A featureful, immutable, and correct URL for Python.

[formal schooner]

oh, bash

not any good way to proceed there other than regex, or shelling out to a python or perl or awk script

it's best to avoid doing too much work in shell language imo. it's best used as glue between other programs

in this particular case you can do it with regex, so sed awk perl python whatever

but none of those are bash, they are all external programs

[modern kestrel]

hmmm, got
awk: 1: unexpected character 0xe2
awk: line 2: missing } near end of file

[formal schooner]

if you have a particular constraint on your system, eg python isn't available, then state it

[modern kestrel]

URL=https://gitlab.com/stringa/stringb/racing/service

echo ${URL} | awk -F ‘/‘ ‘{print $6}’

[modern kestrel]

not a constraint per se i can use python to be fair

just curious trying to upskill my bash

[formal schooner]

use <<< in bash, a "here string", instead of echo |

[formal schooner]

fair and respectable, but calling out to awk isn't going to help with that either!

[modern kestrel]

my bash honestly feels shocking its just gibberish to me at times

[formal schooner]

you can probably hack this together using several ${name%pattern} expansions

frankly bash is a nasty messy language to work with. it's only moderately better than posix sh

[modern kestrel]

but its so widely used

[formal schooner]

zsh is a huge improvement imo, but at that point you're getting dangerously close to "why not write it in python"?

[modern kestrel]

i just know i need to learn it at some point somehow everyone in industry is competent with it

[formal schooner]

yeah it's absolutely worth learning, but doing things like string processing in "pure bash" should be low on your list of learning priorities

i would instead focus on understanding different shell options, learning the different kinds of input an output re-directions, learning about job control, and understanding how to avoid pitfalls related to parameter expansion, word splitting, and quoting

and learning to use and love printf instead of echo

also arithmetic expansion!

all of those things imo are more useful and take precedence over trying to do string processing without the aid of an external program

[dapper musk]

the whole point of bash is combining diffraction utilities together so learning awk is some form of learning bash

[formal schooner]

also fair i guess

imo awk and sed are deceptively simple tools and probably deserve their own learning paths

for context, i love awk and i love that you used it as your solution

it's a shame that it gets relegated to one-liners, it's quite a nice little programming language on its own

[modern kestrel]

yeah, im actually a contractor and my primary strengths are aws and python so i do lean on those a lot but its a bit embarrassing when i ask colleagues for really simple things in bash if i need it, like i need to append an already really long script

im going to spend a lot of time this weekend and hopefully winter just getting better with it

[formal schooner]

in that case i'd definitely avoid worrying about the string processing stuff and focus on the things i listed above

some of my colleagues recently showed me a script they use that was clearly written by someone who was experienced with powershell and arrogantly assumed that bash worked the same as powershell

it was a mess

trust me that string processing was low on my list of "wtf" issues

[modern kestrel]

i was planning on just reading the LPIC-1 book as my linux knowledge in general is lacking

[formal schooner]

admittedly i haven't read that myself. i've just spent a lot of time working with shell scripting and have spent more time than i care to think about reading the manuals

i learned a bit of bash first, then i spent a long time learning zsh, and thereafter spent some time learning posix scripting for compatibility across systems. i still know zsh much better than i know bash.

wonder how i'd do on this certification 😆

[modern kestrel]

I use zsh in my terminal but i dont know it nearly well enough to understand the nuances

oh my zsh is all ive ever used

[formal schooner]

a book is usually good, however some books don't explain the "why" and just show lots of examples. that's not helpful

[modern kestrel]

yeah if you have any good book examples that would be good

LPIC is highly regarded but tbh its a little dry too

[formal schooner]

honestly i don't. what i used to do (when i had more free time and motivation to do such things) is browse the manual and focus on learning one section of it at a time.

so i'd look through it until i saw something that seemed like it'd be useful, then i read it in detail, and wrote some programs to practice using it

that, or i'd come across something in someone else's code or a stackoverflow answer or whatever, and do the same

you learn a lot that way, albeit gradually

[modern kestrel]

Yeah i wish i had that sort of time, i definitely think i need some structure to get through it effectively 😦

Thanks anyway!

[ember quiver]

Have you seen r/linuxupskillchallenge on Reddit? Basic but good.

[modern kestrel]

I haven't no ill take a look thank you!

This looks fun thanks! @ember quiver

[modern kestrel]

If you're moving a python script and some yaml files to a docker image wheres an appropriate place to put them in the filesystem? etc or usr/bin? or just the top level root

[shrewd stratus]

just make a /app directory or something and copy them in there

[shell elbow]

learning how applications communicate with kernel api

any recommended resources?

[fickle granite]

https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/index.html

[formal schooner]

https://john-millikin.com/unix-syscalls @shell elbow

[round elm]

hi guys
im trying to host my website in a vps , i m connected with my vps using sftp
but when i type lls command it gives me this error psftp: unknown command "lls"
so any idea how can i fix it?

Bde#5vj%9ak0

[dire cedar]

Is there anyone available to help

[broken forum]

it depends on the question.
Also see #❓｜how-to-get-help to increase your ods

also depends on the time

[ember quiver]

If that was a password you may want to change it 😉

[round elm]

yes

[ember quiver]

I've never used psftp but it's apparently not the same as normal sftp: https://superuser.com/questions/859789/how-do-i-print-the-contents-of-my-local-directory-in-psftp

[zealous moth]

heyy i cant move a folder from home to etc in kali
can anyone help me out

[dapper hornet]

do you get any error?

and are you using sudo?

[zealous moth]

ahh no i was not doing it in terminal

i was just drag dropping it

btw the problem was i was trying to drop it into the folder directly

so i had to open the destination folder in root first

[river raptor]

Will give more Disk Space (it will, but also will do something else(

[ember quiver]

BAD

[river raptor]

why

[shrewd stratus]

please delete your message
there are plenty beginners here who might try the command out

[river raptor]

ok

[ember quiver]

For anyone who doesn't know: https://itsfoss.com/sudo-rm-rf/

[wise forge]

i can try that without fear...

...as long as first commands before that

docker run -it --rm ubuntu:20.04 sh

or

vagrant init ubuntu/focal64
vagrant up
vagrant ssh

[brittle rock]

This may be silly but I have a bunch of gzip data. When I unzip it using terminal or by clicking, it yields a unix executable. The actual data is supposed to be jsonlines. curious if anyone else has had this issue.

[fickle granite]

I wouldn't run that executable

just sayin'

[quasi monolith]

Hello there,
I've a grub issue :"minimal Bash like line editing is supported" on a dual boot win11- fedora 36
Someone deleted one partition yesterday, and nothing work 😬

[formal schooner]

"Someone"? Who else is using this system?

[quasi monolith]

A friend, he took my computer for his studies

[ember quiver]

And your "friend" deleted your partition? You can try restoring it but good luck

[quasi monolith]

Fwsetup in the grub + put win part first

I solved it

[fickle granite]

gasp

excellent

presumably that means the partition wasn't really deleted?

[quasi monolith]

Only UX part, win was clean

[formal schooner]

UX is not at abbreviation for "unix"

in english, UX usually stands for "user experience"

[brittle rock]

its from a trusted source but I hadnt thought of the security, thanks for pointing it out

[quasi monolith]

My bad, thought UX stand for unix

[loud pelican]

Hi, I have a value ENV=DEV in .env file. I want to update it to ENV=TEST. I want to update it using terminal. Could anyone help me? Thanks in advance

I have to do it in my Bitbucket pipeline. So update has to be done in terminal.

[ember quiver]

https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-use-sed-to-find-and-replace-text-in-files-in-linux-unix-shell/

[unborn bramble]

is this a password? if it is you should delete it

well, change it actually

[onyx marsh]

I've run a vps ubuntu 20. I was restarting my vps and it doesnt allow me to access through putty. When I check on my VPS system log. It ask me to log in. When I check on the qemu console. It said GRUB_FORCE_PARTUUID set, attempting initrdless boot.

The last thing I do on my vps was creating a new account to test the steamcmd on linux.

[wise forge]

Which operational system do use to get virtualization?

and what do u use for virtualization exactly?

[onyx marsh]

KVM. I'm using Massive KVM from ramnode.

[wise forge]

What is your main OS?

[onyx marsh]

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

[wise forge]

okay, from your nonsense answers i assume u a windows user 🙂

[wise forge]

anyway, i remember putty has some different standard regarding keys, i don't remember the difference

just install git bash, it has inside of it normal ssh / ssh-keygen inside as far as i remember

then u can pretty much generete if necessary ssh-keygen, RSA key and use its public key to create server, or connect by password if possible

ssh root@ip

optionally flag -i can provide some specific ssh-private key

it will make a more simple smooth experience

[onyx marsh]

I just notice there's an abuse report report toward my VPS :(. Someone brute force my vps throug vps and from the team just stop my vps.

[wise forge]

don't worry. That's pretty much normal... any cloud provider is constantly... bombarded with hack-scans.
For this reason people usually use ssh rsa ways only to connect and disable passwords
also for this reason they create servers only in private networks, that have cloud level firewalls that expose only necessary ports for services... (this feature is not available for too simple providers)

[wise forge]

Rest assured, they scan also anything u will leave open 🙂 Redis, Proxy servers, Databases. Be sure, no less than few days will pass as it gets hacked if u will fuck up xD

[zinc juniper]

sudo rm -rf / haha

[glad bridge]

So

(Fedora)

Anyone know what services they are and how to disable them so they dont start on boot

[dapper musk]

i am not sure about 1st howver
2nd is dbus ie service for inter process cominication
3rd pulseaudio-pipewire it is emulation of “old” audio system running on top of
4th service pipewire it is used for audio/video
5th is gnugpg it is used for cryptography

you shouldn’t disable any of those

[modern kestrel]

Guys, does anyone know how i can point a command to a script which then executes the true command?

for example i want to redirect ls to a script which runs ls then another command

but i still want to use ls as the command

[prime magnet]

I think you can do bash -i wrapper-script.sh command. I'm not 100% sure but I think that's how I solve entrypoints with extra level in Docker

[wise forge]

can u describe somehow more understandable what u wish

requirements are unclear

get examples

[formal schooner]

just run the "true" command inside the script

if you want to replace an existing command, write a shell function

e.g. in bash

function ls() {
    printf 'I am executing the "ls" command!\n'
    command ls "$@"
}

ls -lA .

the function with override the ls "command", then you run the real command with the command builtin, which bypasses functions

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-command

note that command is not "portable" across POSIX shells, but it's available in Dash, Bash, Ksh, and Zsh which covers pretty much any shell you'd find outside of a retrocomputing museum or a Busybox environment

[river raptor]

i have a question, when doing sudo apt update, how do i remove these warnings and errors?

[ember quiver]

You've got multiple things going on there and you may need to address them separately. I would start here: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1403556/key-is-stored-in-legacy-trusted-gpg-keyring-after-ubuntu-22-04-update

[olive rain]

What is Unix?

[main olive]

google

[drifting rune]

im trying to change my macOS' system date via python code and when i follow these steps nothing is changing on my system can anyone help? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12081310/python-module-to-change-system-date-and-time

[ember quiver]

Did you try the last one on the list? If you don't mind the subprocess call it looks the most promising

[drifting rune]

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'timedatectl'

[drifting rune]

ive overcome the problem by running an terminal command in the python script using os.system("sudo date .....")

thanks for your helping ❤️

[river raptor]

when i set up my linux, i set the language to german, now i changed it to english, can i change the [J/n] to [Y/n]?

[desert karma]

are any of these safe
https://freevpshosti.com/vps-hosting.php
https://www.instafree.com/free-vps.php
i need a free linux vps

[fickle granite]

I'd sign up for AWS or Azure, and I think they give you a little machine for free for a month or something.

I wouldn't begin to trust some random site I'd never heard of.

linode is probably OK

oracle and salesforce too

[opaque ginkgo]

SEO spam in the embed
clearly a trustworthy site

[small stag]

Is MacOS a good OS for programming in Python? Or programming in general?

[fickle granite]

yes.

I've used nothing else for almost ten years, and wish I'd switched sooner.

[small stag]

👍

[wise forge]

i would disagree with person above. Person above is Apple cult fanatic if he says so. Apple is good only for programming applications intended for IoS/Swift
For python it is the best to use Linux xD Rich development friendly open source ecosystem. No problems with CPU architecture, like u will have with Mac(Mac has arm64, while all servers and all other users Windows/Linux usually run on amd64). Free.
Linux is best if your target plaform is Linux servers/Linux desktop stuff. Which is for all python application essentially (be it Web dev or DS)
Linux can run containers (needed for Web at least) without virtualization shenanigans under the hood for secondary OS (like it happens with Windows/Mac)
Linux owner owns his OS fully and can do everything, best security xD U can increase your RAM memory through stuff like zRAM compressing data in section of RAM
Making yourself depended on propietary expensive solution is just silly. It has less support than Linux for development purposes. Only Linux supported first for all dev web tools

[small stag]

The thing is MacOS has much more available programs & apps. While Linux is good for programming, I believe that’s it? And most importantly, MS Office

[wise forge]

not sure which programs u mean. For me using Mac will be the opposite, as u will need launching secondary OS (which will be Linux again) through virtualization in order to get access to necessary programs for development (after u will solve how to virtualize preferably amd64 instead of arm64 xD)

Also using Linux, u a making sure that your app is better developed/tested, less effort it made for deployment to Linux servers. It falls under DevOps Twelve Factor App 10nth rule about dev/prod parity https://12factor.net/dev-prod-parity

[wise forge]

Perhaps do u mean that u will be forced to use programs like Safari Browser, which is more buggy laggi proprietary solution?
Internet explorer of Apple ecosystem, equivalent to how it was in Windows.
Microsoft eventually gave up this race and just uses Chrome engine (Blink) (Open source developed under direct Google control) under the hood in order to solve all rendering problems in its web browser Edge
There is a certain reason why Chrome dominates more than 70% of a market, while the rest percentage is some kind of Chromium forks xD

Exclusiveness of Apple stuff is just an illusion.

surely nice of them creating at least some competion to Google, which kind of already monopolized almost browser market though

[wise forge]

to each his own opinion. Same thing i think about Windows. Windows is great only for development for Windows. Well, and certainly better access to games in Windows.

i am quite deep into web development, including wielding infrastructure as a code instruments for that. Only Linux can satisfy my needs for that.

it is wrong opinion when it comes for development for Linux as target platform (which it is in 95% cases in terms of web development). It is so at least according to Twelve factor app and DevOps engineering

it is quite obvious, that best development for Linux is made from Linux

https://betanews.com/2022/10/02/spotify-is-forcibly-installing-on-windows-10-and-windows-11-systems/ what can be worse than proprietary systems making decisions for you? xD

Sure. That's why we use Managed deployments like AWS ECS or Managed Kubernetes Clusters
Turning the problem of security of individual OSes almost completely delegated to cloud provider, or turning security problems to... more centralized controlling issue

Nevertheless it again becomes Linux to run it... Because it is scalable from being free (and from minimal overhead), and from completely being configurable (as u mentioned) to be turned secure. And the most importantly in comparison to other OSes it is easly automated in its configurations. That's the most important part too

Linux can be easily stripped to almost zero, to make smaller possible attack surfaces

Shrugs. It is more convenient to run dev env on current machine, then accessing it with virtualization/remote accesses.
Makes less complicated instructions invokable directly from current machine
And less performance load to machine / less networking delays
Plus running Linux as your OS, u get full access to its full priveleges, like increasing ram through zRAM xD, or easily ability to launch its GUI parts if necessary
Also it is more secure to leave your PC at work / other places, when u know it its file system is completely encrypted with LUKS (which is turned in one checkbox during linux installations) xD

They aren't disadvantaged when they don't deal with development for Linux. They are disadvantaged when they are developing for Linux.
Developing for Linux makes software immediately tuned it for that, less development hassle to tune stuff.

Easy. Developer in frontend framework React.js, developed his stuff in Windows. His javascript library imports were case insensitive in Windows due to its case insensitive file system. When we tried to compile it for Linux, it immediately failed because of this reason. (extra capital letter where it was not needed)

Same problem with also compiling any stuff essentially, or having software that uses OS internal features (including its things how its filesystem works)

This problem is moderately low for interpreting language, but than lower to hardware you go, then more troublesome it will become

All right. Software in Linux including Python has more parallelism options ;b in Linux multiprocessing through fork is available, while in Windows it is not.

Small differences one by one, make difference

i say that multiprocessing through function called fork is not working on Windows

[main olive]

        // Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) - previously Bash on Windows
        // - Example: `C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe`
        //
        // Git-bash on Windows
        // - Example: `C:\\Program Files\\Git\\bin\\bash.exe`
        //
        // Cygwin
        // - Example: `C:\\cygwin64\\bin\\bash.exe`

which of these is the least miserable to use? ||i could also try learning powershell||

[dapper musk]

you can use powershell in linux

wsl is overall the best because it is just VM and thus offers best compatibilty. not everything runs on cygwin and git bash

[main olive]

How can I do this?
Modify the executable.sh file again, add the command for it to create the following directories upon execution.

[main olive]

thanks for the thoughts went with wsl

[ember quiver]

#❓｜how-to-get-help

[fickle granite]

very diplomatically phrased, Sir/Ma'am

[fickle granite]

definitely WSL if you can get it working.

[ionic burrow]

Have a nice day everyone! I was trying write sh file for installing. I did create virtualenv. But ı can't access this. These the codes ```py
python3 -m venv venv
source ./venv/bin/activate

I get the err
```code 
install.sh: 5: source: not found
``` How can ı fix this

[wary hazel]

Not sure if this is the right path, but what shell are you using? source is a Bash construct, it doesn't exist in standard sh and I've been caught out with this before in other contexts

[ionic burrow]

Actually ı dont know how to use. I want do dynmic systm for installing project. I havent enough info on bash/ linux. Have u suggestions for me?

[wary hazel]

Are you running the script manually or is something running it automatically? And what operating system are you using?

And do you have a shebang at the top of your script?
https://linuxize.com/post/bash-shebang/

[main olive]

Guys i need help in an exercise
is there any way somone can help?

[fickle granite]

ask in a help channel

#❓｜how-to-get-help

[gloomy lava]

Is there a way to set a permanent $PYTHONPATH while being in a Conda environment?

[fickle granite]

on UNix, I'd expect this to work

$ PYTHONPATH=/path/to/python conda

[wise forge]

i work in vscode, i set variables in .vscode/settings.json file for dev env without docker
or at docker-compose level when in docker dev env

when project is built into docker, permament ENV can be defined at Dockerfile level as ENV var

[gloomy lava]

This sounds promising, i will check this out

[cobalt saddle]

how to get env variables?Python-dotenv could not parse statement starting at line 1

[fickle granite]

ask in a help channel #❓｜how-to-get-help

[cobalt saddle]

sorry but currently it is closed

[fickle granite]

?

Currently available help channel(s): help-cherries, help-avocado, help-pear

[wise forge]

Oh btw, forgot to realize. If u need to touch PYTHONPATH, they u a doing something horribly wrong already very highly likely
So better tell why u came to need changing it in the first place in detail

[cobalt saddle]

please help it's showing me error

[gloomy lava]

No i have a user on the hpc and i have to "manage" everything myself, so most likely i did the mistake. I just cloned the repo, created a conda environment and started working. 😅 Just hast du change PythonPath so the modules got recognized for pytest

[wise forge]

Owner of code did not know how python Packages really work then.
Recommendation to move packages code to start from root folder of a project, and ensuring no __init__.py is present in root folder of a project

they will be recognized as packages without PYTHONPATH hacks then

[sonic zephyr]

Hii guys I need help on something..So is there any way I can use CURL to not completely download the html page but till the I find this particular phrase..suppose I have a page with app I'd and its status..so instead of loading the whole page if it finds this app I'd and its status I want the curl to terminate...I am having a problem because sometimes curl takes a lot of time return the html page so I want to a way to hack a way around

[wise forge]

i think u a possibly misunderstanding what u a wishing to have

u a wishing only partially rendered output to stdout perhaps instead of partial download

anyway, doing partial http request download is black magic of very low level... not really feasable put amount of effort for low gain. It requires super high level if it is possible.

[sonic zephyr]

Okay thanks.. I have a yarn and spark running and sometimes a job is shown completed in spark but not in yarn..so using curl we want to check in yarn server if it's active or not..but some times it takes to much time to load..so we want a partial one so that we can kill the jobs

[wise forge]

what takes too much time to load, job result, or list of all jobs?

[wise forge]

1. Anyway, i would have tried finding solution, how to change request to your Spark in the way that it sould be reporting only job status
2. If u need to see those statuses only manually, then perhaps u are missing some observability (monitoring/logging) solution which would have showed in some nice interface this stuff (technically automatable too to extract this info with script out of monitoring solution though)

[raven prism]

Has anyone programmed a drone with python? If so can you please tell me what drone you ordered

[raw moss]

Hi all, is there a chance to get link for ubuntu discord server ?thanks

[opaque ginkgo]

https://discord.com/invite/ubuntu

[raw moss]

Many thanks

[main olive]

Arch Linux + KDE Plasma
rc=-1908 error code
this happened to me the other time and idk how i fixed it
does anyone know the solution to this? installed virtualbox from the AUR

[formal schooner]

did you read the error message and do what it suggests?

[main olive]

I've encountered that error on Debian testing and needed to reinstall DMKS and/or the VirtualBox DMKS package (along with kernel headers, etc.).

I'm assuming you followed the instructions in the error message already...