web-development

[inland oak]

there probably some more cloud-ready solutions to do the same

which perhaps have less steps to do

[edgy sable]

so i bought the domain and it will be a website that runs on apache2 and am developing an api but don't know how to connect it to my site

[inland oak]

did you deploy your app

is it having ip address?

[edgy sable]

so i just started with flask a few weeks ago i don't know much about it so right now i'm developing the api and it's running on pycharm and the website is running on my dedicated server

[inland oak]

your dedicated server is some Linux server

[edgy sable]

Ubuntu

[inland oak]

and you can access your app with certain IP?

all right

then you just need

[inland oak]

1. getting ssl certificates
   a) for free with certbot
   b) for not free from https://www.namecheap.com/ (5 dollars per year, or something like that)

re deploy your app with enabled https

[stark tartan]

class TestCreateFrom(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model=Test
        fields ='__all__'
        exclude=('teacher','subject')

        widgets = {
               'exam_start_time': forms.DateTimeInput(attrs={"type":"datetime-local" },
                format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),

               'exam_end_time': forms.DateTimeInput(attrs={"type":"datetime-local" },
                format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')



        }

[inland oak]

2. turn on where your domain controlling pannel

and make necessary DNS records, A records and somthing? to point to your IP

[edgy sable]

i bought my domain from namecheap and the ssl certificate runs through cloudflare

[inland oak]

3. ???
4. Proffit!

[inland oak]

oh I regulated my domain through namecheap too)

[stark tartan]

class TestCreateFrom(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model=Test
        fields ='__all__'
        exclude=('teacher','subject')

        widgets = {
               'exam_start_time': forms.DateTimeInput(attrs={"type":"datetime-local" },
                format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),

               'exam_end_time': forms.DateTimeInput(attrs={"type":"datetime-local" },
                format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')



        }

||how to add initial date time from django ||

[inland oak]

anyway, read instructions like that
https://www.namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/9837/46/how-to-connect-a-domain-to-a-server-or-hosting/

[edgy sable]

so domain and certificate is ready with me the site also runs perfectly I just need to somehow connect the flask app with the website

[inland oak]

1. run your flask app with attached ssl certificate

it is done with Nginx reverse proxy or with Gunicorn directly

2. enable namecheap domain controlling pannel and make DNS records to point to your IP

3. you are finished

[edgy sable]

so my website is running on apache2 on my server?

[inland oak]

I am 80% sure your web site can't be running with apache2

as far as I know, apache2 can serve only html/css/js CSR sites
or perhaps in theory it could be used as reverse proxy

you will probably able to find instruction how to use Apache2 in the same way as Nginx as reverse proxy

to attach ssl certificates to your site

yeah, googled, you can

[edgy sable]

because i know someone where his sites run on apache2 and there run his apis and that confuses me a bit xD

[inland oak]

you have flask. it is backend, it should be run with python web servers, like Gunicorn, Hypercorn and e.t.c.

you can't run it with Apache2

Apache2 can be used only as secondary web server, which serves as reverse proxy pointing to your first web server

Apache2 can be used to server fully only for frontend CSR web sites, which have no backend coding (python or something), and only having html/css/js

[edgy sable]

that means my normal pages can run over apache2 but my api page must run over nignx ?

[stark tartan]

please answer my question at #help-cookie message

[inland oak]

groans

you can use Apache2 in the same way as Nginx!

as reverse proxy!

they can be used interchangeably for the same purposes

am I explaining in a not right way perhaps? I'll leave it to others to explain then

[edgy sable]

no all good you explain well but I've only been working with apache2 for a few weeks and I've never heard of nginx so I'm confused

[inland oak]

https://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/the-flask-mega-tutorial-part-xvii-deployment-on-linux
how to run flask app in Gunicorn
with usage of Nginx as reverse proxy(with attaching ssl certificates) is explained here

replace Nginx with Apache2 instructions, if you want to use Apache2

they are interchangable

[edgy sable]

ok thanks for the help i will have a look at it

[pine torrent]

I want resources for django

[native tide]

Is it possible to use async views with django?

[balmy sparrow]

I'm trying to use django-pandas on a django project, in which I convert models into dataframes to build tables, etc. Whenever I make a dataframe, im able to send it to a template without issue with .to_html(). It's whenever I try to take that dataframe and use the groupby, i get an error: '<' not supported between instances of 'Model' and 'Model'.

#works
 
class_five_df = pd.DataFrame(index=('unit',), columns('unit','equipment','ammo','base','assault','sustain'))
#
# some code that appends rows to the dataframe
#
class_five_df = class_five_df.dropna()
class_five_df = class_five_df.to_html()


# doesn't work
 
class_five_df = pd.DataFrame(index=('unit',), columns('unit','equipment','ammo','base','assault','sustain'))
#
# some code that appends rows to the dataframe
#
class_five_df = class_five_df.dropna()
class_five_df = class_five_df.groupby(['unit'])['base'].sum()
class_five_df = class_five_df.to_html()

Does anyone know what this error is trying to tell me that I'm not understanding? I'm not certain how its different than any of the other examples around the web.

[inland oak]

It should be.

Django certainly supports async

At least 3.2 version

[native tide]

Are there any docs for it?

[inland oak]

Yeah, official docs have it

[inland oak]

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/async/

[native tide]

Ohh Okay

Thanks :)

[slow gazelle]

any idea with the error?

here is the views.py file

The included URLconf '<module 'pages.urls' from 'C:\Users\Aaron Joshua\Desktop\py\django-brad\pages\urls.py'>' does not appear to have any patterns in it. If you see valid patterns in the file then the issue is probably caused by a circular import.

[obtuse trout]

the given path '/' is not right

can you show me your btre/urls.py ?

[slow gazelle]

https://github.com/bradtraversy/btre_project here is the tutorial I'm following

[obtuse trout]

ya

leave a blank instead of /

[obtuse trout]

here

[slow gazelle]

still the same

python manage.py runserver is the command for running right?

[obtuse trout]

path('', views.index, name='index'),

[obtuse trout]

yes

[obtuse trout]

urlpatterns*

[slow gazelle]

ye it works now, i though you can name it any

Thanks a lot dude.

[obtuse trout]

no problem 👍

[runic sparrow]

Does anyone have any experience with Flask / Gunicorn / Nginx, and load balancing? My web page is getting 60k requests/minute at times, and CPU and RAM never exceed 40% usage, but performance gets seriously degraded (3000ms response time)

[dusk portal]

TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

def AddTodo(request):
    current_time=timezone.now().year
    data=request.POST.get('text')
    getch=Todo.objects.create(added_date=current_time,text=data)
    getch.save()
    return HttpResponseRedirect("/")```

path('addtodo',views.AddTodo,name='AddTodo'),```

class Todo(models.Model):
    text =  models.CharField(max_length=100)
    added_date= models.DateField(datetime.utcnow)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.text

    class Meta():
        verbose_name_plural='Todoes'```

{% extends "app1/base.html" %}

{% load static %}
{%block title%}TODO INDEX {% endblock %}
{% block body %}

<form action="{% url 'app1:AddTodo' %}" method="POST">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="text" id="text" name="text">ADD TODO
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}```

[edgy sable]

i need help

application.secret_key = 'Add your secret key'```

do i have to enter a random at secret token

[dusk portal]

from FlaskApp import app as application what is this

application.secret_key = 'Add your secret key'
yeah any ur choice

but dont share it

@edgy sable

[edgy sable]

ok thanks for the info

[dusk portal]

^^ plz help

[edgy sable]

when i tried to start my flask website

[pliant pewter]

@edgy sable this could possibly help https://www.digitalocean.com/community/questions/job-for-apache2-service-failed-because-the-control-process-exited-with-error-code

[slow gazelle]

do you always use rest_framework with django?

[edgy sable]

systemctl status apache2.service

have entered the but does not come the error

[dusk portal]

I want guidance
Any django exp dev

I want a full roadmap and have some questions

If anybody arises plz ping me

If u have a good in django then only

[edgy sable]

this is the error

Invalid command 'WSGIScriptAlias', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration

[ivory bolt]

add '/' after addtodo

[ivory bolt]

who r u talking about?

[dusk portal]

Lmao xD

[ivory bolt]

im serious

[waxen lion]

Anyone with experience in using python ap scheduler ?

[slow gazelle]

anyone

correct me if i'm wrong but based on my observation, its better to use django rest_framework with you use frontend frameworks like react, and plain django if you're using django view template

[surreal portal]

REST APIs are used when you do microservices so yeah.

Although every single Django+React tut I've seen so far implemented React within Django. But that's mostly to avoid CORS issues.

By that, they build their frontend with React, then package it in Django's templates so it can be served by Django on the same host + same port

But imo if you do microservices, it's best to keep the front and the back as separate as possible

[west peak]

Hi guys i want to deploy my django project but a don't have idea of what if the best service for to that

can you help me please?

[surreal portal]

Have you tried Heroku?

Heroku allows free hosting for POCs

[slow gazelle]

heroku is easy

[west peak]

Yes, is the most mentioned when i search for deploying

[slow gazelle]

just connect your github to heroku so when you push something in your repo, it will automatically update and deploy your website

[west peak]

It's my first time deploying a django project that's why the question

[surreal portal]

look for a tutorial where you can deploy Django with Heroku on google

[west peak]

I'll try with it in heroku

Thanks guys

[surreal portal]

The other services are Linux VMs that you have to pay monthly

Anyway I have a question with Django models

When you have a field

Can you use the content of that field to fill another one by default?

[west peak]

But if i whant for my own domain i need to pay in heroku so it isn't a problem

[surreal portal]

Let's say you have an email field. I wanna extract the name of the email to put it in an username field

[west peak]

what is the model name of email?

[surreal portal]

email = models.EmailField(_("email address"), unique=True)

[west peak]

because you can use your id of that model and reference into username

[surreal portal]

Let's say I have [e-mail]. I want to set username to johndoe

[glass sedge]

email.split('@')[0]

[surreal portal]

username = models.CharField(max_length=30, default=email.split('@')[0])

Like so?

[glass sedge]

looks like it yes, i havent used that django models enough to know if the outside part is correct

you might run into issues if its possible to have an empty or invalid email though

[surreal portal]

    username = models.CharField(max_length=30, default=generate_username(email, 30))
  File "/app/users/models.py", line 11, in generate_username
    username = "_".join(re.search(r"^(.+)@", email).group(1).split("."))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/re.py", line 201, in search
    return _compile(pattern, flags).search(string)
TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

Trying to run a migration and it looks like it doesn't work

[glass sedge]

whats your generate_username code?

[surreal portal]

def generate_username(email, max_length):
    username = "_".join(re.search(r"^(.+)@", email).group(1).split("."))
    return username[:max_length]

[glass sedge]

this will do the same job

def generate_username(email, max_length):
    if not email:
        return None
    return email.split('@')[0].split('.')[0][:max_length]

but mainly you need to check if email is a string, if str is a shortcut check

[surreal portal]

I think ats are forbidden when you write emails, outside of the name@domain part

AttributeError: 'EmailField' object has no attribute 'split' you probably need a .data somewhere

[glass sedge]

ah i see, probably the first line of the function to get the string value of email

[primal thorn]

i cannot get the django-filters package to work, this is my filters.py ```python
from .models import PastExam
import django_filters

class PastExamFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):
class Meta:
model = PastExam
fields = ['category', 'subject', 'year', 'season', 'zone', ]

this is my view
```python
def yearly(request):
    form = PastPaperSelectForm()
    pastExams = PastExam.objects.all()
    myFilter = PastExamFilter(request.GET, queryset =pastExams )
    pastExams = myFilter.qs
    
    

    context = {
        'title': 'Yearly Past Papers', 
        'form': form,
        'myFilter': myFilter,
        'pastExams': pastExams,
        
    }
    return render(request, 'Yearly/home.html', context)

and this is my template

                        <form method="post">
                            {% csrf_token %}
                            {{myFilter.form}}

                            <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
                        </form>      

    {% for result in pastExams  %}
      {% comment %} <th scope="row">{{result.code}}</th> {% endcomment %}
      <td>{{result.subject}}</td>
      <td>{{result.year}}</td>
      <td>{{result.season}}</td>
      <td>{{result.paper_no}}</td>
      <td>{{result.zone}}</td>
      <td><a href="{{result.question_file.url}}" target="_blank" class="ml-2">Question Paper</a></td>
      <td><a href="{{result.answer_file.url}}" target="_blank" class="ml-2">Answer Paper</a></td>

        </tr>

    {% endfor %}

[dark gull]

I would like some suggestions on: https://codinginventor.github.io/Endangered-Elephants/

[rain delta]

hello , this is my vscode file structure

in the src attribute i want to specify the path of the last file that is lordkrishna.jpg , how can i do that

plesae help

i learned that for folder in root we have to use a '.' and for root folder ".." , please help

[coarse haven]

.. is go up one folder in this case root main folder

then u go back into the folder you were in, the lecture 1 folder

but theres no lord krisha in there

u have two of those jpgs so idk which you want, but either do ../lordkrishna or do ./newimages/lordkrishna

[rain delta]

i want the outside one

[opaque rivet]

When you specify the default kwarg, that is the value that the field will take if nothing is passed, i.e. it's null.

Instead, override your model's save method to parse the email, so that when your object is saved the [e-mail] will be parsed and assigned to the username.

[surreal portal]

Is there a save method we can override in models?

[opaque rivet]

Yeah, models have a save method:

class myModel(db.Model):
  # fields...

  def save(self):
    self.username = self.email.split("@")[0]
    super().save()

[surreal portal]

Thank you!

[dusk portal]

[opaque rivet]

do you understand why you have a bug here?

[dusk portal]

pretty sure the error is not in my code it's a db problem

tried many things too

@opaque rivet

class Contact(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=50)
    email=models.EmailField(default='[e-mail]')
    phone=models.CharField(max_length=50)
    message=models.TextField()```

like changing email to Emailfield

and by adding default

[opaque rivet]

Read the error, what do you think it means? Explain to me your thinking.
Also most errors are due to errors in our code, open source software is highly tested and usually the errors don't arise there...

[dusk portal]

The above exception (NOT NULL constraint failed: app1_contact.message) was the direct cause of the following exception:

entry.save()

in my views

ig the error is done by me in the views or models

im not sure

[opaque rivet]

Sure... But read the error. It tells you exactly what's wrong. Do you understand what this line is telling you: NOT NULL constraint failed: app1_contact.message?

[dusk portal]

yeah

[opaque rivet]

so what is it telling you?

[dusk portal]

this tells app1_contact.message cannot be null ig

entry.save()

i should pass

anything inside this

🤯

[opaque rivet]

Nice. Exactly, the model is expecting that message is not null. So implicitly there's a null=False there.
You said you added a default to email, etc. That's not related to the error so you wouldn't see any improvements there.

entry.save() is just saving the object. But that object still has an empty message field.

So instead you have to ensure the message field isn't empty:
entry = Contact(name="foo", email="bar", phone="foobar", message="foo-bar")

[prisma canopy]

I have a doubt about web development. like we have a site at which we work, so i want to code a thing like that if my input on name box is X then it should fill adress box number box itself. How can I make it do? What I have to learn to do this?

[opaque rivet]

sounds like a job for JS

[prisma canopy]

can't a i do with python?

should I explain you in more detail?

yeah, so i got a image from google

[opaque rivet]

You can, but for the user to see the address box fill the page will have to reload.

[prisma canopy]

like if i put the vehicle no, it should autofill the name and the driver name

[dusk portal]

ohh so should i write py entry = Contact(name="foo", email="bar", phone="foobar", message="foo-bar")

[prisma canopy]

@dusk portal 😒

[dusk portal]

instead of py entry=Contact(name=name,email=email,phone=phone,message=message)

[prisma canopy]

karle block

karle maje

[opaque rivet]

no, that's just an example.
If you understand what the error is telling you then you can fix it...
The issue is that message is null. Do print(message) to see what data you're passing

[prisma canopy]

i have had suffered from that error, but when i replaced msg to message in lhs, it was fixed

[prisma canopy]

@opaque rivet

could you help with thiws?

[opaque rivet]

I would use JS personally

[dusk portal]

dude it's not flask

[opaque rivet]

apart from that it's just simple form processing

[prisma canopy]

i didn't asked to you okay

[prisma canopy]

ah i just want a module that would help, like tkinter or anything

[dusk portal]

so in this logic , if i want the message to be passed null also i can do null =True

can i?

[opaque rivet]

try it

[dusk portal]

so it should work aswell

[prisma canopy]

@opaque rivet my simple meaning is just to automate

[opaque rivet]

that requires JS... unless you want to make it janky and want the user to submit the form after inputting their name, reloading their page, then rendering a new page... giving them a worse experience

[dusk portal]

ok it;s not working

@opaque rivet

class Contact(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=50)
    email=models.CharField(max_length=50,null=True)
    phone=models.CharField(max_length=50)
    message=models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

def contact(request):
    if request.method=='POST':
        name=request.POST.get('name')
        email=request.POST.get('email')
        phone=request.POST.get('phone')
        message=request.POST.get('message')
        entry=Contact(name=name,email=email,phone=phone,message=message)
        print(message)
        entry.save()
    return render(request,'app1/contact.html')```

[opaque rivet]

why did you set null=True on the email field?

you literally told me what the error was 5mins ago

[dusk portal]

why it cant be null my question is @opaque rivet

cez it's in str method

that's why?

[prisma canopy]

dumb

yeah?

[opaque rivet]

why do you think it's the email field? Read the error again. What field do you think is causing the error?

It's the message field

[dusk portal]

so why the message cant be null

why

it's not making sense

cez it also not show str

[opaque rivet]

the __str__ dunder method has nothing to do with it

[dusk portal]

why msg cant be null

message**

[opaque rivet]

why? I'm not sure. Maybe there's an implicit null=False or it covers it in the docs.
But you know what the error is if you inspect the error. So make sure that you pass a valid message to your table

[dusk portal]

omg saw something like this

1st time

[prisma canopy]

yeah everytime

😂

[dusk portal]

error's aren't common some error's are only common and they are basic, aren't they?

[prisma canopy]

nice english but you can tell that in 7-8 words

[dusk portal]

ok '

hey r u free i want some suggestion's @opaque rivet

[ivory bolt]

You need any help setting that up

[frosty halo]

Hey All,
i have a form and i want to make a field that add multiple value at once (keywords) any clue to ho we do this ?

[nimble radish]

Anyone get unsolved references like this when using ForeignKeys on Django? PyCharm Professional.

[surreal portal]

I wanted to ask about authentication and security. Is a JWT token from a DRF app really the way to go when you have Django and the frontend running on different origins?

Because all the tuts I've seen so far stored the JWT in the local storage

Which, afaik, isn't the right thing to do?

But then idk how you can store it in a session cookie

[modest bough]

Hello all, I'm creating a web application with Django. I'm allowing users to create a test schedule (a model object) then add individual tests to it (another model object). I'm trying to decide the best way to do this in terms of HTML. Ideally, on the Test Schedule create page, the user would select an individual test type from a drop-down, and have the needed fields appear on the page.
Would like to use Django Forms for the individual Test creation form (and have made several forms for this purpose), but can't think how to display the required fields to the user because the web page/View doesn't know the type of form before-hand.

Ideal 'flow' would look something like:
User -> Create Test Schedule page -> Add Test -> choose type from drop down -> fill in form fields -> press submit -> add test to the test schedule -> Add Test [ * n ]

[quick cargo]

We use JWT or Oauth2 for that, depending on the setup if you dont want to have short TTL tokens then oauth2 might be the way to go

but yeah session cookies on multiple origins is basically the most awful experience ever and changes between browser so some token based auth is the way to go

[surreal portal]

I'm gone with the DRF SimpleJWT extension.

[quick cargo]

but it doesnt need to be JWT if you dont need the storage on the client side just a method of showing who's who

[opaque rivet]

You can store it as a cookie in the Set-Cookie header of your server's response

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie

[surreal portal]

So it's entirely up to the frontend to host the accesskey you can request from the back after a login attempt?

[opaque rivet]

Either way it's stored on the clientside, you could get a JS script to do the store the token as a cookie, or you could store the cookie from the server-side with Set-Cookie headers in the response.

[surreal portal]

I'd like to see a good example of fullstack project where the frontend is entirely separated from Django's REST application, with authentication and all

[opaque rivet]

They usually are

Django serves .html page with bundled JS which hydrates the page

On each request there's an identifiable token in the Authorization header, with Django just acting as an API returning data

[quick cargo]

cant do that with multiple origins easily or reliably across browsers is the issue

can you do it with multiple origins? yes, is it worth the constant hassle? fuck no

[opaque rivet]

won't JWTs have the same problem though?

[quick cargo]

that depends on how you transfer the JWT

the JWT is just a base64 string

you can send that however

and that can be sent however from the client side rather than via the browser's cookie storage setup.

[opaque rivet]

whether you send it client-side (fetch api) or retrieve it from cookies, where is the hassle coming from? I don't really see the difference, both will still be enforced by CORS if they're from different origins

[quick cargo]

because Cookies have their own origin policy

so the server cant (reliably) set a cookie for the client

that would come purely down to the client to set itself

which yes, the client save that itself and load it again when it needs it

but for the actually client <-> server handling cookies dont work well with multiple origins

/ at all if they're diffrent domains

or on localhost

[opaque rivet]

oh yeah... because servers can only see the cookies if they're on the same origin... I forgot that cookies can have a different domain

so how would you transfer JWTs? As query params?

[quick cargo]

Generally we just stick it via headers

not for any major reason other than it keeps the urls from being obnoxiously long, but generally we dont use JWT much

[opaque rivet]

and storing them?

[quick cargo]

mostly Oauth2

tokens are just handled by the client

[opaque rivet]

oh, so never stored?

[quick cargo]

e.g. JS just sets and loads them

if it's needed to be stored

but generally long term storage JWT goes against what i think alot of people consider the 'Norm' for the setup because you cant revoke single tokens short of changing the secret

hence we normally roll with Oauth2* and any info is loaded server side

[naive rock]

Would it be bad to put time.sleep inside an async function?

[naive rock]

What does it mean aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientOSError: [WinError 121] The semaphore timeout period has expired I'm using aiohttp and asyncio to make async requests.
Upon failure, it retries, I dont get this error when I have time.sleep set to 15 seconds, but it happens when time.sleep is set to less than 5 seconds.

[naive rock]

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53746967/my-script-encounters-an-error-when-it-is-supposed-to-run-asynchronously

[velvet yew]

I'm making a simple bidding/auction system in Django as a practice project, anyone (preferably someone with JS skills) wanna join?

[dusk portal]

i want to debug this error can anyone explain me this error

[inland oak]

@quick cargo
Would not be it with good backend, entirely unnoticeable for frontend?
I mean... if backend would set cookie in httpOnly mode. Front end would be entirely clueless about how authorization goes between different microservices, because its javascript can't access the token. Frontend would only know to use login request once.
And at the same time clientside would be authorized automatically with this sticky cookie containing JWT inside

[inland oak]

You can just store more information in JWT
and revoke by additional your own rules

at least that's possible if you create JWT on your own with PyJWT

I store like 6 different parameters about the user in my token at the moment

no need to change secret key in order to revoke then, make your own conditions.

[dark gull]

I just build two webpages yesterday and would like to share with all of you:

1. https://codinginventor.github.io/Tourist/
2. https://codinginventor.github.io/Endangered-Elephants/
   I also have a doubt regarding both the pages. I have got tables in both of them but their border is some-what different. Will it be possible to have borders fully good-ly?

[wooden ruin]

wdym by more information? also where's a good place to store tokens client-side? i've heard localstorage/sessionstorage can be insecure at times

[inland oak]

JWT token is made from three parts
{
Some system info, when it is expiring and e.t.c.
},
{
Your own stuff you can put in.
Dictionary of jsonified information can be put here
You can put literally any data that you don't mine to be read by user though

the basic minimum, to have User ID in your database here
other user fields can be added too though
}
{
Signature against data tampering, verifying it is made with your secret code.
}

First two sections can be read by anyone, as it is encoded by just transport protocol base64 (no security)
When you decode JWT token, you verify that signature matches the hash of data basically, that this JWT was made with your secret key

[inland oak]

The best place is cookie, with httpOnly flag
it can't be accessed with javascript. So basically token will be accessed with backend only.
Hackers could still use it, but they will have much harder time since it would be harder to find and to know with automated javascript scripts

plus you remove responsibility from frotnend person to deal with it, it will be entirely unseen to him

I consider my security should be made in the first place against frontend people 😉

So whatever mis usage would be done, it would not hurt my services

Hackers can do anything frontend framework does basically, so protection should be according.

In the worst case of them getting full access to the client browser, they should be able to hurt one user only

[dark gull]

I just build two webpages yesterday and would like to share with all of you:

1. https://codinginventor.github.io/Tourist/
2. https://codinginventor.github.io/Endangered-Elephants/
   I also have a doubt regarding both the pages. I have got tables in both of them but their border is some-what different. Will it be possible to have borders fully good-ly?

[primal thorn]

how do i add a link from my user's account to their profile, for eg i want at the botton of every 'user' table to be a link to their profile in the admin panel

[icy spade]

not sure if this is the right place, but has anyone seen a flask/gunicorn workload suddenly start crash-looping from memory limitations as a result of a K8s/nginx upgrade?

same pipeline is fine on DEV, but severe memory leaks on app startup in TEST. been wracking my brain a bit over it all day. if anyone has any ideas beyond the obvious stuff that you can safely assume i've tried, please tag me!

[ivory bolt]

if you're talking about django, it's simple. In your URLs, there should be a name for the user profile detail view, so use the {% url "user_profile" %} or whatever the name of the url is, and insert that tag in your <a href="url tag goes here"></a>

[primal thorn]

i need this but for my admin panel

[surreal portal]

Interesting. Also isn't that a microservices flaw?

[inland oak]

mm yeah. it is microservice flaw.

or more like... it is a flaw of fully CSR frontend usage

trying to find some ideas how to protect my API end points from unauthorized usage now%

what if they are meant to be used without prior authorization by frontend?

The only idea I have for now is using at least initially SSRed frontned

since in this option I will be able to restrict API usage to specific allowed server ip

[cerulean badge]

why can't we just use async functions but need something like celery?

[primal thorn]

how do i make this nullable in my forms.py

[cerulean badge]

in django?

[primal thorn]

yes

[cerulean badge]

pass required=False

[primal thorn]

im using the smart_select package and when i try to make it a char fields my dropdown becomes a text field

[cerulean badge]

i never used that package so donno

try passing null=True and blank=True if you have model form

[primal thorn]

ill try and see if theres anything in the docs, thanks you for the help

[primal thorn]

ill try that

[cerulean badge]

ok

why can't we just use async functions but need something like celery?

[primal thorn]

yup that fixed it! thank you for the help

[surreal portal]

I have a question with Django, in production, is the main server enough or do I have to use an alternative like Gunicorn

[inland oak]

default server is development only

of course it is not enough

Gunicorn as minimum!

[surreal portal]

I completely neglected that aspect when I was deploying a fullstack app

So, suppose you have a frontend and a backend running on different servers

That means I have to use Gunicorn + NGINX for the back

And NGINX for the front?

[inland oak]

python manage.py check --deploy

will give you full set of problems for production

[inland oak]

Nginx should be used for back too

you serve Python things with Gunicorn, you serve django static files with Nginx, while having Nginx in Reverse-proxy mode to redirect it to Gunicorn. Ssl certificates are attached to Nginx too.

[surreal portal]

Oh yeah I still need the admin panel available online

[inland oak]

not a problem

[surreal portal]

Yeah bc I was wondering what was the difference between gunicorn and uvicorn

[inland oak]

Uvicorn is for Async features

if you aren't using them, you don't need it

Async features require special async-friendly libraries

just adding async and await is not enough

[surreal portal]

Idt any part of my DRF app needs any asynchronous programming

[inland oak]

don't bother with it then

[surreal portal]

So i'll stick with WSGI for now

[inland oak]

it is just additional compliication for you then

yup

[surreal portal]

So if I moiunt both in NGINX, do I still need CORS specified?

I'm working with containers

Probably gonna need CORS for inner exchanges

[surreal portal]

while !</dev/tcp/db/5432
  do sleep 1
done 

gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 config.wsgi

Iirc, this command waits for postgres, then starts on gunicorn right?

Oh no wait lemme edit this

Looks like it can't find the config.wsgi lol

Despite being exposed

ERROR: for django-backend  Cannot start service backend: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "bash -c 'while !</dev/tcp/db/5432; do sleep 1; done; gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 config.wsgi'": stat bash -c 'while !</dev/tcp/db/5432; do sleep 1; done; gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 config.wsgi': no such file or directory: unknown

Oh nvm

actually no even after renaming it i can('t detect it

[surreal portal]

Ok no I have a problem with Docker

Img can't detect the files

WTF

When they are in the same directory

[tall plaza]

hi everyone

i have one problem related to django async view

@sync_to_async 
def  get_movies_async (): 
    print ( 'prepare to get the movies...' ) 
    time.sleep( 5 ) 
    qs  =  Movie.objects.all() 
    print ( qs ) 
    print ( 'got all the movies!' ) 

@sync_to_async 
def  get_stories_async (): 
    print ( 'prepare to get the stories...' ) 
    time.sleep( 5 ) 
    qs  =  Story.objects.all() 
    print ( qs ) 
    print ( 'got all the stories!' ) 


async  def  main_home_async ( request ): 
    start_time  =  time . time () 
    # task1 = asyncio.ensure_future(get_movies_async()) 
    # task2 = asyncio.ensure_future(get_stories_async()) 
    # await asyncio.wait([task1, task2]) 
    await  asyncio . gather ( get_movies_async (),  get_stories_async ()) 
    total  =  ( time . time () - start_time ) 
    print ( 'total: ' ,  total ) 
    return  HttpResponse ( 'async' )

this is the code where main_home_async will execute the two functions
get_movies_async

get_stories_async
asynchronously
as you can see there is in each function 5 seconds of halt
but it is taking around 10 seconds which is kind of synchronous task

this is the output which is taking aroud 10 seconds as synchronous functions are taking

prepare to get the movies...
<QuerySet [<Movie: Spiderman>]>
got all the movies!
prepare to get the stories...
<QuerySet [<Story: my first story>]>
got all the stories!
total:  10.02943205833435```

it should be completed before the 10 seconds i guess

[surreal portal]

Maybe I should change the main image

Idk why for some reason the scripts are unusuable

I have no idea why it worked using a shell script

But not the command itself

[opaque rivet]

say you had a postgres container separate to your django backend container, and your db settings were:

DATABASES = {
}
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'postgres',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD': 'postgres',
        'HOST': 'db',
        'PORT': 5432,
    }

How is the django backend able to communicate with the postgres container? Because the service is not running within its container. I don't understand how that happens?
https://docs.docker.com/samples/django/

[surreal portal]

Yeah, but for some reason I can't execute any Django commands using just a simple command in the docker-compose. I needed to use shell scripts to get them running

Meaning that instead of running a string of commands I defined that:

#!/bin/bash

# Wait for db
echo "Waiting for db.."
if [ "$DATABASE" = "postgis" ]
then
    echo "Waiting for postgis..."

    while ! nc -z $SQL_HOST $SQL_PORT; do
      sleep 1
    done

    echo "Postgis started"
fi

# Runs the server
echo "Running Django server with gunicorn"
gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 control.wsgi

[opaque rivet]

ouch idk, I'm brand new to docker

[surreal portal]

gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 control.wsgi doesn't work as a command since it can't detect control/ for some reason

manage.py is in the working directory btw

[opaque rivet]

are docker volumes relative or absolute paths?

[surreal portal]

Relative paths

[carmine saffron]

Hi,
im working on a project that work in microservice architecture and currently I have 2 services:

1. auth service
2. book service
   both services are develop in django and drf.
   and im trying to figure how do i call the auth service from my book service to check if the user is authenticated,
   what are the best practices to solve interconnection between 2 services?

[remote cloud]

I'm following https://realpython.com/introduction-to-flask-part-1-setting-up-a-static-site/ to make a website using Flask, and I've got to the test stage but when i input python app.py to my terminal and visit http://localhost:5000/ it doesn't connect

[opaque rivet]

my docker-compose file has the volume:

volumes:
    - ./frontend:.

Does that mean that if any files change in the frontend directory my container will pickup on the changes? (I'm using this for hot-reloading of the frontend)

oh, turns out docker volumes have to be absolute

[surreal portal]

Personally they never did for my Django directory but idk if that was because the restart option was disabled.

Also you don't need volumes in production

[opaque rivet]

@surreal portal what if the container somehow shuts down, from some sort of machine failure?

I'm just using it for development... I need hot reloading for my next.js frontend otherwise it's such a hassle

[surreal portal]

I think the saves are taken into account. When I used a local folder as a volume for my db, everything was saved.

[surreal portal]

You can use an option in the docker-compose file called restart : https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/#restart

[surreal portal]

You need to implement a mechanism that allows the user to check whether they're identified or not. Usually we use tokens like the JWT one.

The only technique I know with JWTs are storing them in your browser (localStorage variable) then checking if it's the valid one

[inland oak]

You auth servers creates JWT token, which contains information about user and his level permission. You stick it to his cookie in httpOnly mode (it prevents it being accessed by javascript)
When the user requests other APIs, extract from his cookies this JWT token, decode/verify it with the same secret key, and get all his necessary permissions from it.
Beware. JWT token is encoded in just base64 + it has special signature that verifies the data was not tampered and was created with your secret key. Do not store any sensitive information in it.

[regal fossil]

I really feel difficult to design layout of website
Suggest me something which improve ky front-end skills.

[surreal portal]

React with Material-UI

@inland oak btw I wanted to ask if it was possible to run a Django container with NGINX and a frontend container like React on NGINX too

And both can communicate

[inland oak]

Clarify in which way communicate

You do know, that react is client side

[wicked mason]

Hi all, I have a question on Django REST nested relationships, should I ask such a question here or in the help channels?

[surreal portal]

I have a backend running on Django + NGINX that communicates with a CRA build, hosted on another NGINX container

[inland oak]

Reacts loads and exists fully in user browser

[surreal portal]

The frontend sends credentials

[inland oak]

Can't answer in any short manner it

You need to provide more details what you wish to achieve

So I could say a more precise and shorter answer

[surreal portal]

I just want my services to be on the same load balancer. Both the backend and the frontend are on separate origins and need to be crossed.

[calm plume]

You can make an internal REST API

Using DRF

Like, https://forms.pydis.com is powered by React with the backend using FastAPI, and you could accomplish the same thing with DRF

Dunno about load balancer though, haven't messed with NGINX enough

[calm plume]

Not always

You can make it render server side

[surreal portal]

Yeah that's exactly what I'm trying to make with DRF instead.

[calm plume]

If you're curious, the backend url for that is at https://forms-api.pythondiscord.com/

And the sources are at https://git.pydis.com/forms-frontend and https://git.pydis.com/forms-backend

[surreal portal]

@inland oak I'm trying to make the following structure

Here's a better structure

[wicked mason]

Anyone here that can help me with Django REST?

[inland oak]

You know... I actually try to achieve almost the same for totally different purposes though

I have a clue how to do that in the best way for django, I remember seeing a tutorial about it, going to try soon

[inland oak]

Node.js or prerender with react-snap and rehydration?

[surreal portal]

It's well-structured. I should take notes on the architecture.
I have one React-related question though: APIClient being imported is an axios instance, right?

[calm plume]

Here's a good tutorial: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/react-server-side-rendering

That's the technique I'm referring to, although I prefer Next.js for server side

[surreal portal]

// src/api/client.ts
import axios from "axios";


export default axios.create({
    baseURL: process.env.BACKEND_URL,
    withCredentials: true
});

// src/api/forms.ts
import ApiClient from "./client";

export enum FormFeatures {
    Discoverable = "DISCOVERABLE",
    RequiresLogin = "REQUIRES_LOGIN",
    Open = "OPEN",
    CollectEmail = "COLLECT_EMAIL",
    DisableAntispam = "DISABLE_ANTISPAM",
    WebhookEnabled = "WEBHOOK_ENABLED"
}

So I suppose ApiClient = axios instance here

[calm plume]

I think so, but I haven't worked with Axios much

Actually, it might be this:

https://github.com/python-discord/forms-frontend/blob/dcd1c8e73fa648eeea4a794cab539aac9551456f/src/api/client.ts#L4-L7

[lavish prism]

src/api/client.ts lines 4 to 7

export default axios.create({
    baseURL: process.env.BACKEND_URL,
    withCredentials: true
});```

[calm plume]

Since it's exported as default

It's possible that ApiClient was simply used for clarity

[carmine saffron]

ok.
and after i stored the jwt token. Now I want to access my book service and i want some of my api calls to be accessible only to authenticated users.
should the book service check if the jwt token is valid by creating an api call to the auth service?
and if so, how should i do that? I mean is there a best practice for creating an external api call to other services?

[inland oak]

the book service should not contact auth service

it should verify jwt token that it was produced with the same secret key as auth has. There is some encrypting/decrypting thing that will verify your jwt token by its signature

and extract all necessary information from it

[inland oak]

https://www.valentinog.com/blog/drf/
I want to try this

rendering my react with django 😉

I will be able to achieve my goals

btw why do you wish fitting everything into one contaner?

it is usually done with multicontainerized structure with docker-compose

[opaque rivet]

@inland oak SSR for each page or SPA?

[inland oak]

it will make possible in one command building and running multiple containers connected with each other

[inland oak]

depends on the web site content

[inland oak]

SSR if you have multiple content like tutorials/blogs, that you wish them being indexed by search engines. Which are stored in your database, and need to be pre rendered on server side

in all other situations CSR, or CSR with pre render can work faster and better

[calm plume]

I prefer Next.js for anything SSR/SSG tbh

[carmine saffron]

ok.
you just shed some light on what im suppose to do 😄
so 2 more questions:

1. if i have for instance 100 services, should each of them implement the encrypting/decrypting of jwt?
2. this secret key, where do I store it so I could use in each service that I need to do an authentication ?

[surreal portal]

isn't that the purpose of docker-compose?

[inland oak]

docker-compose fits them into an array of containers launched and running together)

you get more than one container

check with docker ps command

[inland oak]

1. yes, each 100 services should be able to verify JWT (something like SHA-256 by default is used there I think for signature?), and decrypt its base64 to get the data
2. The secret key should be the same for auth service and all your 100 services in order to do that. Auth service create with his secret key JWT token, 100 services use the same secret key to verify the received JWT token

[carmine saffron]

Thanks 😎

[dusk portal]

{% extends "app1/base.html" %}

{% load static %}
{%block title%}TODO INDEX {% endblock title %}
{% block body %}

<div class="row mt-4">
    <div class="col">
        <h2>Add Item</h2>
    <form action="{% url 'app1:addtodo' %}" method="post" class="form-inline">
        {% csrf_token %}
          <input type="text" id="text" name="text" class="form-control mb-2 mr-sm-2" placeholder="type here...">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Submit</button>
    </form>
  </div>
</div>

<ul>
{%if data2 %}
{% for p1 in data2 %}
<li>{{p1.text}} </li>
<li>{{p1.added_date}}</li>
<a href="/deletetodo/{{p1.sno}}"><button>Delete</button></a>

{% endfor %}
</ul>

{% else %}
<p>No Todo Enjoy!!!</p>

{% endif %}
{% endblock body %}```

i can't load my {{p1.sno}}

[primal thorn]

how do i remove the firstname and lastname fields from the default user model(django)

[dusk portal]

idk why

it is not loading

[dusk portal]

from where can u explain correctly

[primal thorn]

from the admin panel

[dusk portal]

ig admin panel ask for username and password

;-;

not this

[primal thorn]

what?

[dusk portal]

sorry idk lmao sound's weird

[radiant storm]

How would you implement expiring link functionality. Let's say we have an image stored on our server. We want to generate a link to that resource that expires after some period.

If you know Django, how would you that in Django?

[inland oak]

bump

https://www.nginx.com/blog/securing-urls-secure-link-module-nginx-plus/

it looks liks this is a real way to do that

https://www.nginx.com/blog/securing-urls-secure-link-module-nginx-plus/#:~:text=Using Secured URLs that Expire

[surreal portal]

these are the tuts I've been seeing lol. Ppl do that with vanilla npm + webpack

What's done is a frontend Django app being installed

Then you define the entrypoints for React

Webpack builds and stores in a frontend folder

[surreal portal]

Yeah, the schema illustrates what docker-compose renders

Each box = 1 container

@inland oak dotted lines = 1 container

[inland oak]

I would suggest additionaly splitting Gunicorn and Nginx box for backend

[surreal portal]

Adding a NGINX container between the two then?

One NGINX container will hold static files for both Django and react?

[inland oak]

no no no

first choice almost

[surreal portal]

so, englobing React in Django?

[inland oak]

React with its own Nginx

Django with Gunicorn would have its own Nginx

[surreal portal]

Oh I see

[inland oak]

version: '3.8'
services:
  web:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: dockerfile
    volumes:
      - static_volume:/app/web/build/static
    expose:
      - 8000
    env_file:
      - ./.env.${mode}
  nginx:
    build: ./nginx
    volumes:
      - static_volume:/app/web/build/static
      - ./ssl:/app/web/ssl
    ports:
      - 5555:4000
    depends_on:
      - web

volumes:
  static_volume:

make container Nginx for django sharing static file with it

while Nginx will work as reverse proxy to Django

so, in this scheme 5555 port is entrance point to receive Django API and its static file with Nginx

static files served immideatly with Nginx, while API requests travel further from Nginx to Django

[surreal portal]

Oh I see

[inland oak]

nginx dockerfile

FROM nginx:1.19.0-alpine

RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d

nginx conf

upstream django {
  server web:8000;
}

server {
  listen 4000 ssl;

  # # location of SSL certificates
  ssl_certificate /app/web/ssl/ssl.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key /app/web/ssl/ssl.key;

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://django;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_redirect off;

  }

  location /static/ {
    alias /app/web/build/static/;

    if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';

        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';

        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';

        add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 86400;
        add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain charset=UTF-8';
        add_header 'Content-Length' 0;
        return 204; break;
     }

     if ($request_method = 'POST') {
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';
     }
     if ($request_method = 'GET') {
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';
     }
  }

}

btw, I am probably having not the best CORS settings, feel free to correct them on your own

[surreal portal]

Somethign like that? (hexagons = docker volumes)

[surreal portal]

oh yeah, the port is probably going to get modified

[inland oak]

trying to photoshop it

[surreal portal]

You can use https://whimsical.com/ if you need flowcharts

Really useful tool

If you're more on keyboard there's mermaid.JS

[inland oak]

can you copy yours scheme?

[surreal portal]

I did that on my work account whoops

[inland oak]

export it then

button at the top right with airplane sign

it has exporting feature

[surreal portal]

https://whimsical.com/app-container-DsTY7FsxAoXBUVYVepWWkU@2Ux7TurymN1Q9hYXtAcE

Decided to take it on my personal account

[primal thorn]

how can i disaplay the amount of times my loop has looped through a table, for eg if my for loop is showing 9 records in my templates tables, i want to show a 9

[inland oak]

I guess something like that)

[surreal portal]

Oh I see

From the diagram, NGINX exposes the backend to the frontend. The Python code is governed by gunicorn

[inland oak]

yup.

this scheme will ensure for API to serve the right static files if necessary

technically if you aren't needing static files

you need them only for Django admin? you can access your admin from 4000 port

[surreal portal]

only for django admin yes

[inland oak]

nah... you need nginx for API too

because your React API will be with ssl certificates

and it needs making requests to https API with certificates too

it is just easier to attach certificates with Nginx to Backend

technically you can attach certificates directly to Gunicorn

it will work too

but...

having back behind Nginx will give other advantages

like... there are some even simple Nginx based caching servers

I dunno) advantages will be)

[surreal portal]

So both nginx implementations will need ssl certificates?

[inland oak]

emm. your React Nginx will need ssl certififcates for sure

for backend you have a choice to apply them to Nginx backend or to Gunicorn backend

it would be more comfortable to apply them to nginx backend too

less problem to access your admin web site

[surreal portal]

For sure.

What I understand is that both services will need a certificate

[inland oak]

uh. yeah. that's because...

urgh, trying to solve how to use this interface

here we go

you either expose your API with different port
or host it in different domain
not sure, may be there are other options?

i mean, your React needs somehow accessing your API 😉

and since react will be in user browser

API should be having some port to get access to it

[surreal portal]

Oh dw I see the trick

[inland oak]

may be there is some nice solution though

perhaps it is possible to expose API somehow with the same port as front

not sure how)

[surreal portal]

I didn't wanna make the frontend entirely dependent from the back.

[inland oak]

you know...

perhaps nginx can host

for / address one site

and for /api another site?

then they would be available nicely both from the same port

it needs to be checked

if that's possible

then probably frontend and back would be behind same nginx
or perhaps we can just add third nging to redirect between their two nginx ;b

a little bit too many nginxes

one nginx should be enough

if you will not find how to do that, or going to be lazy. Exposing back from different port will work too

[inland oak]

oh yeah, I forgot to delete impossible connection

deleted

[quick cargo]

nginx can manage several domains

and several certs

just make add another server {} to the config

[lavish hedge]

Can someone explain to me why its not updating... this was working fine earlier today....

[inland oak]

could it make with one domain
/ to one server
/api to another server?

[quick cargo]

yeah

[inland oak]

I found that it is possible for sure with
/first_path
/second_path

[quick cargo]

just add a new path route

[inland oak]

what if there will be route conflict

[quick cargo]

just make sure you put the /api first then the / so it matches the api first

by default routes are matched in the order they're set in the config

[dusk portal]

[inland oak]

all right

we need to change our scheme then

[surreal portal]

So both routes can coexist

[quick cargo]

yeah

[surreal portal]

As long as the origins are different?

[inland oak]

as long as different paths at least

domain can be the same

and user can be the same

[dusk portal]

hey friend , i have done till a intermediate lvl in django i can do many stuff but before i go to login authentication i have some problems , idk how to flash msg like if any1 fill contact form it should flash msg and in my todo app if anyone add's todo blank it show flash ,add some task ik it's in docs but idk that logic cant get it

for example let's take

def Home(request):
    data2=Todo.objects.all()
    return render(request,'app1/index.html',{'data2':data2})

def addtodo(request):
    current_year=datetime.now()
    data=request.POST.get('text')
    getch=Todo.objects.create(added_date=current_year,text=data)
    getch.save()
    return HttpResponseRedirect("/")

def deletetodo(request,question_id):
    delete=Todo.objects.get(id=question_id).delete()
    return HttpResponseRedirect("/")

[inland oak]

our new improved scheme then
is it legit?

[dusk portal]

how can i add that ik that try , get_object_or_404

but idk to apply it here

;-;

[quick cargo]

this section doesnt make any sense

but other than that it looks alright

[inland oak]

what is not making sense, Django static files?

oh yeah

why would they be served to Gunicorn

ummm

because they are build in container with Gunicorn)

and just shared to container with Nginx)

inversed arrow

[calm plume]

So looking at that, the NGINX serves to React?

[inland oak]

yeah

[calm plume]

Makes sense

[inland oak]

@surreal portal woohoo. the scheme makes sense now

[dusk portal]

me at this moment: what's NGINX

[calm plume]

It's a load balancer and reverse proxy

[inland oak]

it can serve as regular web server too

[calm plume]

And also Ingress Controller iirc

[surreal portal]

How does Frontend React interacts with Backend API?

Nvm I forgot to refresh

[surreal portal]

WHat they said. You’ll often see NGINX when it comes to serve static files, but it also serves as a load balancer when you have multiple users using your website

[dusk portal]

ohh

[inland oak]

load balancer is a thing to redirect between several web servers
for horizontal scaling of performance.

for example we can randomly reidrect to two instances of something. the average load of users would be twice less then

[dusk portal]

plz see up ^^ my msg 10-12 msg up i have doubt plz

[inland oak]

eh. here goes my evening.

I thought to watch some cartoon and at last getting myself distracted from programming every day all day allong

[surreal portal]

I can barely sleep with those advanced webdev techniques

[dusk portal]

@surreal portal

[inland oak]

the fun for me starts tomorrow

my books to get started in front end arrive

so, even more load then before%

[surreal portal]

Isn’t there an extension like Django login that can help you with that?

Last time I used Flask-login for authenticated users

[dusk portal]

nope django have in built

[dusk portal]

django is beast xD

[surreal portal]

They don’t have any webdev in the team and I’m the only one who got some skills on webdev, despite me only making Flask apps and never touching React before

[inland oak]

you are lucky. So much relevant experience goes all to you)

i like for now being one army web dev too. Nice to grow skills

[light cloak]

Hello! Sorry if I'm interrupting. I have a quick question. I've been learning python for a month or two and recently started working through
Corey Schafer's Django tutorials on YouTube. I'm wondering if you guys would have any insight in to if this is a good avenue to go about
learning web-dev with Python? I've just finished his third video on templates and much of the code on show is taken from bootstrap or html code snippets that I don't really
understand. Is a better way of learning for me to just try and make my own thing and see where it gets me and looking up various html/css etc ideas as I go along, or is it
more beneficial to be walked through a complete project? 🙂

[inland oak]

never understood watching videos

I learn with books and text tutorials

some people learn from videos though

I don't for sure which are you type of guy, I guess video learner?

[inland oak]

making your own thing will be more beneficial for sure)

you can learn the rest of bits during the process)

[light cloak]

@inland oak I don't think necessarily video learner, just that this particular series was recommended all over reddit and I thought it might be a good idea to try it out. It seems like there is quite a lot of stuff to learn before I can make a site operational so I wasn't sure if it would be a good idea to get an overview with a guided project before doing my own thing or not

[inland oak]

then I will say my discriminatory words to you

in my opinion videos are a huge waste of time)

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ better walk through official turorial

or read beginner book for Djangoers, it would be more beneficial to you, if you aren't video guy

[light cloak]

Thanks for your advice. I agree that it does seem like videos are a bit of a disconnected way to learn - watching someone else do it instead of doing it yourself, even if you're following along

I have been following along but I think perhaps the official tutorial may be a better way to start since hopefully it will cover the absolute basics

[inland oak]

surely. and you can follow it with speed you like at 100%

[light cloak]

Do you think official tutorial -> Experimentation is the way to go?

[inland oak]

yup!

absolutely

it is in my opinion the best possible way ever

[light cloak]

I'll give it a shot then! I wonder also if you can check my understanding in that python/django is mostly used for setting up the framework of a website/ how it functions, and javascript is the main language used for making things look pretty/ design elements?

[inland oak]

well, I would correct few things

[light cloak]

If you're making a website in django, can you include javascript code to make things look the way you like when it's done?

[inland oak]

python/django is mostly used for doing server side part of work

html/css is used to make things pretty

javascript is used to make stuff dynamic/smoothy at the client side part of the web site, so it could show dynamic stuff without re rendering whole web site from zero

[inland oak]

you can use django with javascript at the same time

[light cloak]

And this is handling people connecting to the website, following links, logging in etc correct?

[light cloak]

Aha, that makes more sense

[calm plume]

Links can be done through HTML

[inland oak]

backend is making manipulations with database, doing some calculations..

hmm, what does backend? 🤔 said backend developer.

mmm... it organizes any data you need before showing end results to user

[calm plume]

Backend (at the simplest level) basically consists of the database (the place to store data) and the API (the way to interact with that data)

[light cloak]

Okay interesting, so in the case of twitter for example, the backend would consist of lists of tweets written by users and ways for users to like/reply/ retweet etc

Do developers usually do either back end or front end and not usually both?

[inland oak]

they usually start with one part and trying to learn doing both parts

[light cloak]

Thank you for the explanations. Can I ask what you think a good starting web project would be/ what your initial ones were? 🙂

[inland oak]

backend would keep lists of tweets, and will expose ability to like/reply/retweet and e.t.c.
but those actions would be triggered by frontend. Frontend would fetch and show this data from backend, frontend would activate for user backend ability to retweet

[inland oak]

the first thing I started doing was this simple blog thing with user profile.
https://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/the-flask-mega-tutorial-part-i-hello-world
later decided I don't like Flask and switched to Django

I was asked actually to make web scrapper btw in reality, so refactorized a bit to fit the new case.

[calm plume]

I first made an application for comment sections of websites

[light cloak]

Hardest part about starting different aspects of python for me is figuring out what interesting thing I could build with it 😄 It's hard!

[inland oak]

well, my first my own project with django which I tried to make is
making online database of game items for players)
too bad I did not finish it. One I will, one day I will. Not really a lot of free time I am having at the moment to continue it.

[light cloak]

Like an application to handle comments being submitted and stuff like that? Sounds like a good place to start

[calm plume]

Yeah, I provided people with an iframe component that they could embed on their websites

[light cloak]

Sounds ideal for an MMO

Thank you guys for your insight, it's helped a lot I think

Web dev is pretty daunting since it seems you have to know a lot of background info about a few different things

[inland oak]

hell yeah)

[light cloak]

It's not like just making a calculator or something

[inland oak]

so many languages and technologies to know
wondrous profession.

[light cloak]

Agreed - actually what inspired me to pick up python in the first place, I feel like it could never get boring, there's so much stuff to learn and problems to solve 🙂 Thanks for your help!

[dusk portal]

ok stuck idk what to do now and from where

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/intro/

done this docs

made 1-2 apps

what next

[calm plume]

What type of apps?

[dusk portal]

simple ,Todo app containing db models , contact page , django templating , as i have good exp in flask so i have done if loops and stuff and yes i practiced alot , now i wanted to move to sign up,sign in and co,mplex so docs are too lenghty after that ig i should not read now

and practiced so many times

i can do that stuff now within 30 mins

bet

1-2 issue's only nothng else ,

[calm plume]

What about an online Python editor?

With syntax highlighting and you can save your code

[dusk portal]

u r talking about repl xD

[calm plume]

Yeah, pretty much

You can make your own

[dusk portal]

lmao @calm plume

how can i make own code editor

im idiot

idk that much

[calm plume]

It wouldn't be too hard. Make an <input> field and make the font monospace with CSS

Or you could use codemirror

https://codemirror.net/6/

[dusk portal]

hey can u tell me how can i learn next cez bro docs after are too boring

@calm plume

[calm plume]

Next what?

In Django?

Don't just try to read docs

[dusk portal]

there are so many

[calm plume]

Build real world applications that people can actually use

[dusk portal]

my kids will read ig

[dusk portal]

idk that much rn

[calm plume]

Then try your best and you'll figure it out along the way

Google is your friend

[dusk portal]

annd bro @calm plume

im 16

how can i read that much

😢

[calm plume]

That's what I said, you don't need to

You only need to read what you need

Building an application is the best way to learn imo

[dusk portal]

any yt tutorial so i can get sign in sign up (django auth ) topic then i can go to learn myself

[calm plume]

Corey Schafer's Django series is good

[dusk portal]

ok then gonna kill it too fast

too fast

and apply side by side in my project

thanks alot

love u

[native tide]

im not sure if this is in the theme of this chanel (if not i will post in the chanel it is the theme), i am working on a programm that gives you chanel stats that all fine but i need a bit help with the api, i am using googles youtube data api v3 and i cant get the stats of some chanels and i have no clue why or how i can fix it maybe someone can help me, in a help chanel i opened no one awnsered :sad: i rly hope someone can help me

[native tide]

like this should be the response if i enter a valid youtube user name: html { "kind": "youtube#channelListResponse", "etag": "R_zl83uUDFpjvbcf27L54MfmRr8", "pageInfo": { "totalResults": 1, "resultsPerPage": 5 }, "items": [ { "kind": "youtube#channel", "etag": "SZX06KQUwMK0TTjAKww39NaJoj0", "id": "UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw", "statistics": { "viewCount": "27467796238", "subscriberCount": "110000000", "hiddenSubscriberCount": false, "videoCount": "4358" } } ] }

but for most channels (my channel including) im geting this response: html { "kind": "youtube#channelListResponse", "etag": "RuuXzTIr0OoDqI4S0RU6n4FqKEM", "pageInfo": { "totalResults": 0, "resultsPerPage": 5 } }

to check if it works i used this api request (i used like i said the youtube data api v3): www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/channels?part=statistics&key=<api key here>&forUsername=<username here>

[grizzled verge]

Hello! I need help in url_for Flask. I want to put a variable in my url_for. For example.
<a href="{{ url_for('index',name=(variable_name,location=variable_location)}}"></a>

I want to do is take the input name and location from the user as a variable and put it here. How can I do it?

[solar epoch]

If it's only for some channels it's probably not a problem with your code, you probably need help from someone who knows the API better and why you sometimes get no results

[native tide]

How do you get the Accept-Encoding (br, gzip, deflate) from the browser via JavaScript without going through a server that can return that ?

[modest osprey]

Someone can help me with Web Scraping with Selenium?

[stable coral]

can someone help explain a bit of code in a Flask project I'm working on?

(i'm following tutorials to create the project)

i don't understand how render_template() comes after the if block

doesn't the webpage have to be rendered first in order for the code to check the login info?

[noble spoke]

When you go to /login thats what you get

Then when the user submits the form the if statement is truthy and so the user is redirected elsewhere if successful or a message is flashed at them

[stable coral]

I'm sorry, I don't understand @noble spoke

Could you go over what validate_on_submit() and render_template() do? maybe I don't understand them properly

[noble spoke]

Ok, so you have a route that accepts both get and post requests

Get so the user can fetch and see the form

Post to submit

form.validate_on_submit checks to see if the form was submitted with a post request

If is was, it validates it and moves on

When the user goes to /login, thats a GET request

The form is created but form.validate_on_submit fails because the form wasnt posted yet

So the code skips straight to render template

So the user can see the actual html

Ok?

[stable coral]

Oh

I think I get it

Wait so is login() constantly being run?

[noble spoke]

Not constantly, just twice if the user submits a valid form

When the user submits the form, form.validate_on_submit checks if its valid and if it is the body of the if statement is run

And the user is either redirected or flashed a message and the template is rerendered

[stable coral]

is it recursive?

when render_template() is run does it go through the whole function again until it gets to redirect() ?

[noble spoke]

Not recursive no, there is no call to itself and nothing redirects to it from within

The html is just rerendered

(with the kwargs passed through)

[stable coral]

I don't understand what causes login() to run, and how many times it runs

[noble spoke]

Best case scenario (the user doesnt fuck up the credentials) it runs twice

GET /login # renders the form in the first place
POST /login # with actual form data this time to be validated and verified

If this was recursive or had redirects to itself you would get errors

(probably)

You can see these in the console btw

[stable coral]

where is the second GET?

in my code

[noble spoke]

Sorry, my b, i dont think there is one actually

The form is just rerendered

You can double check in your console

Try to login with bad credentials

[stable coral]

ok

[noble spoke]

Yea ok there is no second get, the form is just rendered again

[stable coral]

it's in debug mode btw, idk if that changes anything

[noble spoke]

No i dont think it matters

[stable coral]

ok

thank you for the help @noble spoke

[scenic vapor]

I need to build a scheduler to automate payout to merchants every week. Should i have it in the same code-base as my backend or an entirely separate server?

Im concerned about the performance

[ruby kelp]

So I've been a python user for quite a while, but one thing that I have never built is like a web frontend, what libraries/frameworks would one recommend for building such a thing? I can hack myway through html and css to do the visual stuff, but when I want things to do_something(), what is a solid framework for this?

[scenic vapor]

flask, django

[pliant nymph]

nice timezone

[wooden ruin]

i think you mean javascript, a client-side programming language that can work right in the browser

[ocean notch]

learn javascript then to make things faster learn react

[ruby kelp]

thanks

[rain delta]

this is my code in html for accessing two image files

and above code is working perfectly fine

but this is not working

the first line of img tag

i am getting confused in using . and .. to acess the files ,

please help

[primal thorn]

whats the best way to remove the first and last name column in the default django user model

[graceful flax]

Hi, I'm looking to frame assignments for Backend developers in Django [Channels included] & postgres and needed some suggestions, is this the right channel to ask?

[indigo vessel]

good question!

[indigo vessel]

https://tenor.com/view/good-question-meme-shrek-gif-16886109

[graceful flax]

Umm?

[inland oak]

what are frame assignments?

and what means [Channels included]

[graceful flax]

Oh okay, I'm looking to hire Backend developers for Junior Intern position and Associate position, for the junior position I know what task to frame as I'm expecting only basic CRUD operations and knows the REST Framework well

For the associate role need some suggestions, Channels included meant, I require the person to have knowledge of how websockets work, django channels here

[paper briar]

hey guys, im making a website of mine using django and was wondering if i could implement pysimpleguiweb in this site

im very new btw

[lavish prism]

Rules

5. Do not provide or request help on projects that may break laws, breach terms of services, or are malicious or inappropriate.

Rules

6. Do not post unapproved advertising.

Rules

4. Use English to the best of your ability. Be polite if someone speaks English imperfectly.

Rules

9. Do not offer or ask for paid work of any kind.

[inland oak]

found ☝️

[inland oak]

<@&831776746206265384> boop

[sturdy sapphire]

it looks like you all was very clear

you can use local hiring or freelance sites @graceful flax

[indigo vessel]

is still books relevance in this fast pace world?

[inland oak]

I love books as main source to learn from

the fastest

and most precise you can get in a short time

checking reviews should be still done though, not every book is the best

[indigo vessel]

i mean various companies implement online courses, vids, etc..... is book still being taken attention?

[inland oak]

not getting the question

[indigo vessel]

what i mean is that many websites provides online tutorials (e.g w3school and etc) since we lived in a fast pace world, is books still an option to learn fast and understand it precisely?

[inland oak]

yes

[indigo vessel]

because in my defense.....

[graceful flax]

Oh I'm not looking for someone here, I'm a frontend guy, I've no clue how to judge the person. So wanted to know what type of questions do people ask at that level

[graceful flax]

Found?

Alright cool thanks anyway

[sturdy sapphire]

i see.. #career-advice is the place for that

[graceful flax]

Oh okay thanks will ask there!

[inland oak]

book still remain in my opinion a way to get in a quick way a deeper understanding of subject

tutorials are often... only touching the top of the thing

and all other interfactive things

[indigo vessel]

I am learning 3 subjects at the same time (Data struct and algo, web dev, and java (i know not python but i'll get in touch with it though)) and also i have life responsibility to deal with which steals my time studying and doing productivity

[inland oak]

some good ones, but it is difficult to find completely covering interactive online good thing

books are more often with excellent coverage on a subject

combining two methods is usually a good way too

small quick peek to online things, or getting started is often better in online things
main learning from books

also I believe that online courses became a subject of scamming tbh

[indigo vessel]

well you did a really good job explaining your opinions though and perhaps i'll implement it perhaps in my tight sched...

[inland oak]

believe or not... but I often see people who take online courses

they pay a lot of money

[indigo vessel]

not a good gramatical structure ha ha

[inland oak]

online courses make very... slimy addvertisements to themselves

and in the end people learn only small set of skills, without thinking out of the box

or just learning reaaaalllly slow

online courses look to me like a way to take money from beginning developers

they usually have money to waste for it

but the return from them is quite mediocre

may be there are good online courses, but that's my general opinion about them

[indigo vessel]

i never thought of it though...... tbh i rely learning DS & A on youtube vids and planning to take online course for my collge requisite

[inland oak]

may be that's more a thing to my country

perhaps you have it differently

[indigo vessel]

well good online courses cost tons of money from consumers though. I only acquire courses in udemy for $11 (depends to which i'll be learning)

[indigo vessel]

its not that we are different.. my friends too recommend me reading books but we have different life responsibilities to take on to...

[inland oak]

books are usually a faster way to go

[indigo vessel]

maybe i'll be double hustle for this one though

[inland oak]

I mean, I can read one book in just one-two days during weekends

or during evenings

online courses consume much greater time with lower return in my opinion

[indigo vessel]

woah.... what strategies you implement on reading?

i mean do you just read read?

or read then understand and read again until you get the point... like connecting the idea form one concept to another?

i read books but i get it slower because I am fomulating the connection of the topic and trying to connect its main connection to another concept

[round swift]

psycopg2.OperationalError: could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5432?

django.db.utils.OperationalError: could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5432?

I am getting this error after running heroku run python manage.py migrate

[inland oak]

eh? I just read. I am a fast reader I guess, too many books read before.

I usually though... choose the right book to read in a right order
starting from covering basics in the topic, then going to a more advanced ones
and always choosing the most fun to read and with best reviews

usually I get the book about some topic when I feel the need to feel gaps in yet another field, which I encounter at my job

[balmy sparrow]

I’m looking for a good reference (intermediate level) Django project to study and learns some new concepts. I’ve found Oscar, but think that’s just a bit complex for me to follow and understand as of right now. Does anyone have some good recommendations?

[opaque rivet]

@inland oak if you don't mind me asking, whats your job title? Devops?

[inland oak]

technically I am Backend Software Developer.
but fulfilling a bit of Devops duties part of my time.

wishing highly to learn Frontend, today I will start doing it. Going to get my Head First O'Reilly books for that.

[opaque rivet]

At what point did you think "ill apply to a job", after your first project?

@inland oak go for React :)

[inland oak]

that's my goal. already chose it

[inland oak]

I applied immediately after graduating from university.
got lucky at third random interview to be accepted into web dev.

my resume was actually suggesting to accept any software dev role, starting from C#.

I got really lucky to get my first job in web dev, because I wished to work with it since my teenhood

[opaque rivet]

Oh cool, thanks for letting me know! That's really valuable for me.

[inland oak]

I was accepted after I made my entring assignment
https://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/the-flask-mega-tutorial-part-i-hello-world
I was able in five days to pass this tutorial and to make this simple web site with user profile and blog

I was told I could skip chapters 8,9,10,20,21,22 though

this was quite funny for me. it was like my first experience with web frameworks ever

I was accepted into company with the lowest possible standards though

all standards of quality were have to be quickly learned on my own and enforced by me later

giggles
I remember, when I started working there, I could not believe that my.... first ever experience in web dev... the entrance assignment...
...was made actually the main project to start backend with

thankfully I was able to refactorize later my past mistakes (and throwed away Flask too, Django is 20% cooler)

[cunning crane]

Hi! I have a question about django. I have created two projects with django, and one of the project include the folder (.idea) and the other one does not. I dont know the reason but would it be a problem in any kind?

[inland oak]

somebody used JetBrains IDE in your project with .idea I think

that's not really important, some nice settings could be saved there though

my vscode projects often get .vscode folder because of it

[cunning crane]

then it wont be a problem not to have that...

Thanks

[dusk portal]

can anyone explain me that django.contrib.auth import User see the ss and why did he added it to a ForeignKey (video is of Corey Schafer)

[rain delta]

well actually i also followed that tutorial

[dusk portal]

i followed docs

docs done now doing this

as idk django_auth

so im asking

[rain delta]

he added it to a foreign key because he is linking the post to users

and for that he is using the user as foreign key to link the post with the authors

[rain delta]

is it alright

[dusk portal]

ok but what django.contrib.auth.models import User

this module do what

[rain delta]

well , it is storing the information about users , which could be as many authors as you want

[dusk portal]

ohh

[fallen birch]

I'd like to put an base64 string into to source using jinja. the code looks like that: url('data:application/x-font-woff;charset=utf-8;base64,{{ read(src)|b64enc }}') format('woff') - within a macro. Jinja does replace some charackters in the resulting string (b') right after: base64, I guess that is = or something. How can I prevent jinja from doing that??

[opaque rivet]

Django provides default models. One of them is User which is a model with premade fields to store user information. It saves you from making your own...

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/contrib/auth/

[dusk portal]

i was not knowing about that field WOw op , but why r we using foriegn key there , cez is no any other model , so what's the use of using foreign key and to add User in it

🤯

[opaque rivet]

?

who said User is a field

[dusk portal]

bro i saw that tutorial i dont found this User and from django.contrib.auth.models import user useful it's kinda same bro it is necessary while writing backend of the sign up or sign in page @opaque rivet

[opaque rivet]

no clue what that means

[dusk portal]

i mean to say that , is it necessary to use User module

for writing backend of sign up and sign in page?

@opaque rivet

[opaque rivet]

it's not necessary, but it helps, and it saves you from making your own model for users.

[dusk portal]

umm got it , facing issues to understand

from django.shortcuts import render

posts=[
    {"title":"First Post",
    "Author" :"ARYAN"
    },
    {"title":"Second Post",
    "Author" :"CYPHER"
    }
]

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    context = {'posts':posts}
    return render(request,'app1/index.html',context)

def about(request):
    return render(request,'app1/about.html')

``` this my code

and when im doing User.objects.all()

it's showing only admin

that's only issue

nothing else

got all other stuff

@opaque rivet

[opaque rivet]

How is User.objects.all() related to that code?

@dusk portal

[native tide]

How do i get values from discord.com bot login page?

[dusk portal]

yes ig its cez

do we have to do anything here

[inland oak]

My precious books have arrived about frontend
At last I am going to get started in it

[dusk portal]

best of luck @inland oak

[opaque rivet]

no, I asked you how is User.objects.all() related at all to that code?

you showed a random, unrelated code snippet and asked something about User.objects.all() without relating why

[dusk portal]

umm u want code of views.py

User.objects.all() related at all to that code? there is nothing in my view called this

but as tutorial

i have it on my

models

[opaque rivet]

exactly, so what even is your question

[dusk portal]

``py

class Posts(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=50)
    content=models.CharField(max_length=250)
    date_posted=models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    author=models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    
    class Meta():
        verbose_name_plural='Posts'```

he's doing User.objects.all() and his

posts=[
{"title":"First Post",
"Author" :"ARYAN"
},
{"title":"Second Post",
"Author" :"CYPHER"
}
]

this is showing

author

[opaque rivet]

Ok, what is your question

[dusk portal]

..

but when im doing

wait i send a screen shot

i'll **

[opaque rivet]

still, that's not a question

I just ask because it makes 0 sense what you asked, so there's no point quoting it again

[dusk portal]

oh

im dumb sorry

[opaque rivet]

Like, what are you trying to do??

User is a model

posts is just a list.

They are unrelated

[dusk portal]

hmm ik i have readed the docs

but in video

he have accessed through

this User

idk how

[opaque rivet]

User.objects.get(kwargs_here)

he's most likely saved entries in the database

[dusk portal]

ohh

[inland oak]

I just realized how much horrible fate I escaped 2 years ago.

During my bachelor's diploma I tried to work with teacher, who worked with php CMS bitrix.

What a horrible fate I skipped, when I chose that I don't like this CMS at all.

[dusk portal]

ohh

[opaque rivet]

but next time, please articulate your question... it might help you find the solution to your problem, and it will reduce headaches to others trying to understand what the hell the issue is

[dusk portal]