Word Order - Nouns & Pronouns
The placement of nouns and pronouns in a German sentence is dependent on their case and is flexible, but still tends to come in a particular order. When placed outside this neutral word order, the noun/pronoun is often emphasised.
đž Nouns Only
Sentence with only nouns: Nominativ -> Dativ -> Akkusativ
Der Mann gibt der Frau das Buch.
Heute muss der Mann der Frau das Buch geben.
đž Pronouns Only
Sentence with only personal pronouns: Nominativ -> Akkusativ -> Dativ
Er gibt es ihr.
Heute gibt er es ihr.
đž Nouns & Pronouns
Pronouns tend to go before nouns. If a noun is the topic (the focus of the sentence), then it's always the first element in a main clause and the pronoun does not go before it.
Er gibt der Frau das Buch.
Der Mann gibt ihr das Buch.
Der Mann gibt es der Frau.
If something else is the topic, then pronouns tend to precede nouns:
Heute gibt er der Frau das Buch.
Heute gibt ihr der Mann das Buch.
Heute gibt es der Mann der Frau.
⌠However, a pronoun object (i.e. Akkusativ/Dativ) can also go after the noun subject (and only the noun subject) when confusion is possible. Compare these two sentences:
Heute ruft die Journalistin sie an.
Heute ruft sie die Journalistin an.
They will not be interpreted to mean the same thing, so you need to be careful.
đž Other Pronouns
Demonstrantive pronouns (das, der, dies, etc.) always go after personal pronouns, irrespective of case.
Heute gibt er mir das.
Reflexive pronouns follow the same order as personal pronouns (Akk -> Dat) and tend to also precede nouns. Sometimes it can be very important to stick to this rule, as seen here:
Gestern hat er sich mir vorgestellt. (He introduced himself to me yesterday.)
Gestern hat er es sich vorgestellt. (He imagined it yesterday.)