#f1-technical
1 messages · Page 20 of 1
Yeah, it's essentially a very delicate Alternator or Dyno on your Turbo spindle
ahh it makes more sense now thanks a lot
Yeah
You ever have like... Technical stuff you talk about and feel like no one cares about?
I don't know many technical things about an f1 car but now that I think of it if formula E had the same budgets as f1, would they be able to produce a greater car? Or would the original engine be better . I think it could be any of them, while the electric motor might have faster acceleration, it is heavier. Hmmm
i don't think the motor is heavier, would really surprise me
The battery may be, but the motors should be rather small and light
the battery is 385 Kgs
Wait what
Formula E brings racing technology to the road. Get more information about Formula E cars and technology.
wait are you talking about formula e?
yep
turns out i can't read 
yep, 20kg max weight
20-25
I assume they have a limit on min and max to stop teams just making a huge battery
holy shit i actually can't read this morning
Murray walker used to do mistakes all the time in commentary but people think it's wholesome where when it's crofty it's "get your shit together"
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
wrong channel? but i completely agree
I have never said Murray Walker making commentary mistakes is wholesome though have I
Yeah but you're a killjoy 
How did I end up in this channel lmao
It's monday, nobody can read properly
Is it just an optical illusion, or would there be any specific reason why Daniel is slightly turning left when going in a straight line?
Both images were taken in a similar place on the straight in similar circumstances so I just thought it was weird that Daniel was turning slightly left
Where was this?
I assume during the race he was bonked and had a slight steering fault
In China 2016
Daniel had no contact during the race from what I could see
Although Sebastian did on the first lap but he was steering completely straight
Hmmst
@old rose can you stop?
hmm
they left
It's force feedback @abstract pawn
sir this is #f1-technical 
oh sorry
🤦♂️
Does this particular shape of front brake ducts bring any benefit ? How does it help compared to most other teams FBDs which seem to have that bulky portion on the top side than bottom?
It's trying to gain very specific air travel off the front wings into the duct, while trying to cool the maximum amount of surface they can in there
I guess I'm trying to figure out why this would be a better approach than the 'conventional' method they ran last year. I guess it also depends on the rest of aero philosophy downstream, mostly bargeboard? Would the rake impact with new rules be a factor?
I did not watch Formula 1 during the days of the wheel covers, but I have a question regarding them.
How will pit stop times be affected by the wheel covers for 2022, if even affected at all?
And does the whole wheel cover come off during a pit stop or is it just the nut like we have now?
well it's hard to make a direct comparison to pit stop times because back when there were covers and shrouds, there was also refuelling
it shouldn't really have an impact, because the nut is still exposed and the covers should remain fixed to the rim iirc
i'd have to rewatch, i think they had to reload the pistols with the new cover and hen the nut
I reckon the margin for error in terms of putting the gun on the actual nut will be smaller as well?
so it would have been longer anyway, cause after they put the cover, they had to orientate it in the correct position
to my knowledge the entire thing is being treated as one assembly for 2022 though
In the case of 2008, half of the rims were wheel hub sttached, so they'd come off with the wheelnut, but now they're just kinda like Aerodiscs or Turbofans. Either way they shouldn't be effected
Congrats @short ether, you're now on lap 30
I find it mad how F1 uses top and moreorless middle wishbones
Despite that they are less efficient
What's better?
Afaik, the higher the lower wishbone is, the less efficient the suspension system is
But there's obviously other trade offs
ye i guess, could be better airflow who knows
Can someone explain to me the Spanish GP crash of 2016 between rosberg and Hamilton
Apparently rosberg had a different configuration than Hamilton at the start
Yes when Rosberg went to start the Formation Lap he went to some sort of "Formation Lap Mode" with less power and whatever just like Lewis
And then Lewis went to the correct engine mode for the start of the race while Nico did not
rosberg accidentally began harvesting as he went through t2, hamilton closed faster than he was expecting and made an opportunistic move to the inside, and rosberg committed to closing the door too late
But Nico's launch map overrode the lower engine mode so he still had a good start
But then at the exit of Turn 2 as he was in a lower engine mode he started harvesting energy
And as Lewis was in the correct better engine mode he gained massively on Nico through Turn 3
ERS mapping at the start doesn't really matter anyway because you're not allowed to deploy as you get off the line
so it started manifesting itself at the first couple of acceleration zones where he needed the extra deployment
Then when Nico realized it he went for the overtake button but then it was too late and he went to cover the inside too late
And the rest is history
So normally when do they use harvesting mode?
what is this?
Formula 1 brake
İ cant send this in photo , i use mobile phone now :/
i cant even open this file
i send photo now
which car is this for?
During SC and VSC stuff, braking points or after huge energy deployment
SC?
..if you have to ask what SC stands for, this might not be the channel for you
could anyone send pics of Alpine's upgrades?
Safety Car
Got it thanks ser
This is the Mercs front brake ducts.
Does anyone have pictures of strolls upgrade? If not where are the upgrades located on the car
Just the floor iirc
Ok thank you
İ dont know :/
I'mma go out on a Whim and say Alpha Tauri
this is the only pic i could find. But i dont know whether this is worth 0.5 secs as Ted was claiming.
Maybe this is a small part of an larger update package for next race.
ok thank you very much
That sounds like the most reasonable explanation tbh
Wow
What a difference
Well even small stuff like that can change a lot but idk if this is very effective. I don't really know what the part intents to do. @ not an aerodynamicist could you explain better? (Didnt want to ping)
Hello
Do ping me its fine
Let me take a look...
attempting to model this in a cad program...
ah please share.. to me it just looks like it's trying to control squirt a bit better
the new VG looks inboard enough to the point where it's directing a significant amount of flow across the inner face of the tyre
i'm struggling to work out its AoA but i'm wondering if that's directing the flow downwards as well
urgh does anyone have a better picture lmao
the mad man actually did it
are you going to be modelling the rotation of the rear tyre and underbody of the floor/diffuser?
If I did it would mean I put more effort into this than my actual IB Coursework lmfao
lmfao
i love the effort but tbh i'm not sure how informative a CFD run would be
at least, if my theory that it's there to control tyre squirt is correct
though it would be good to see what the element itself is doing
CFD run would be very very uninformative
But yeah its definitely to combat tyre squirt
god they couldn't've picked a better word for it
tyre.. leakage
i'm just interested about why it continues outboard by such an amount
actually i guess the actual element is still twisted and has an up-flick at the end
does sort of seem like an odd position relative to the tyre though, i can see what the inboard section of the winglet is doing, but the outboard piece is effectively at the center of the tyre
god i do love doing things pointlessly
you look at other floors and the VGs/punchouts tend to be closer to the centerline
could just be perspective though
run t h e s i m
i'm curious to see what sort of stuff you can see at the inboard section
yes
RUN THE SIM ANYWAY LMAO
combat tyre squirt by sealing the center of the diffuser
truly big brain time
can't have any interference with the diffuser airflow if it's at ambient conditions already
Not exactly sure how im going to model wheel rotation using this shitass of a program that i have installed (Autodesk CFD)
oh you're not on starccm?
No thats at college
you can't remote in?
that seems stupid
starccm is power on demand anyway
at least, ours is
anyway, you can probably get away without a rotating wheel. i'm mostly curious to see if the inboard section is feeding any vortices down and to the side of the wheel
Indeed
actually quick q, are you marshalling anywhere else soon?
good shout.. i was gonna try to get some admin work done with msuk if i didn't hear back from the fia
and i'm actually driving at croft and brands soon, i guess there's a chance we might bump into each other
will make a note to scrutineer you hard
uwu please do
we got pulled up once because our external cutoff handles were too far from the centre of the car
that's probably the hardest we've been scrutineered
imagine failing sound requirements
oh we've failed noise tests plenty of times
cadwell tend to be super strict
maybe you can go up there and knock some sense into them
but the rules are the rules 
bitch we're burning £5,000 every race weekend, WE make the rules
uhh actually idk what series it is
You guys always patronise me
it used to be a one-make BMW series but we've stopped doing that
then.. tracksport enduro but i think we've stopped that as well
i think we're just testing atm and getting the car dialled in
you get patronised by FSAE?
College students... the nerve
It's because im very young in the field haha
Still funny when I can land them a fat fail
most FSAE engineers i've met are too depressed to patronise others
they always look like they're one failed CFD run away from just ending it all
Well in most cases if they're looking to blow off their steam of depression it usually finds its way to me
the punching bag, nice
Although, it really does distinguish which teams actually have a good work ethic
simply, its called the ant test.
frankly i don't really regret not getting involved with fsae
looking back i just dont think i wouldve had the time
It's helpful and all for connections but only do it if you have time yes.
i'll definitely keep an eye out for what else i can do on the msc
could maybe open up some opportunities for tilke or other circuit design companies
or just nepotism my way into MSUK
Absolutely no
uh, yes
i was gonna use my contacts™️ to do some stuff over the summer anyway
assuming the fia don't suddenly decide they want me after all
That is likely to be the case unfortunately
yeah unsurprising
though i guess i shouldn't be shocked that their HR process is as useless as the rest of the organisation
..you better not be feeding all of this back to them 
Why would i haha
maybe you're after that job yourself
with the new technical regulations coming in for 2022 and ground effect being brought back
i understand how ground effect works but how did it cause cars to take of?
I think when the cars touched the ground at the back or in the middle, the air had no real way to go and took the car with it
Porpoising is where the track surface bumps, combined with the then very stiff suspension, would cause the skirts on the car to find a bouncing rhythm
This would violently fluctuate downforce figures underneath from 100% to like 25% or so, which meant that cars could suddenly just lose all grip and launch off of something like a Kerb
Bottoming out would do similar, because the car hits the track and all the underfloor would have a bumnch of air that now can't travel, and also means the tyres aren't the main contact patch
And physical contact, like Gilles Villeneuve, where the front would lift, only the seals or downforce would stay at the rear, and as it went further and further back, the downforce near the rear would work better with less car to pull upwards
Similar to the Mercedes CLR in 1999
What?
Didn't the Merc CLR have a suspension tht was more towards the back
I meant tuning wise
So the front was a bit lifted
No, it was neutral
So it had no rake... The issue is whenever it gained speed, that'd turn into negative rake
oh
So no but kinda
Ah k
I thought the front was lifted so when it was moving fast the air would basically be pushing the car upwards from down creating lesser downforce
and when you would have no contact with the ground then 
Well no... The front and rear would be equal, the huge diffuser outweighing the featureless front, the car would tip upward, the front would make less downforce, the rear would make more downforce
although once you start rotating the car and its nose is going up, you should see a decrease in rear downforce
but that becomes a bit irrelevant because the nose is up and you've suddenly got a massive amount of air going under the car
and then the downforce becomes upforce
exactly
and the merc literally was in the air at tht moment so there was no downforce acting on it
So with all the upforce it just launched upwards 
What... I can't quite tell what you're asking
in the begining of the season there were new floor regulations right?
they decreased downforce ig to save the tires and make them last longer
ow ok thx...
I think it's more that Mercedes now have some Diva balance issues cropping up
I think the short Wheelbase was a factor too in that
... But Merc has the longest
rb is short
I was on about the Mercedes CLR incident
Oooh
Yeah they had the longest rear overhang, short wheelbase, moderate front overhang
Yeq
Can someone explain this ?
explain what?
The car is on trolley wheels what explaining?
The diffuser strakes?
the car is being moved?
Well McLaren has found a loophole in the Regulations to run more Difusors MM's. The Task of the Difusor should be pretty clear
... Okay, but like, man hasn't answered what he wants
Interesting they haven't gone for the little vortex bump on the mainplane
Can this really help them?
Thank you
I did not see the trolly there, thought it was something else
Stabilizers
So mclaren achieved extra downforce
I have a small question here, and it might be silly because it might be more obvious than I realize.
But I was listening to some Haas radio just earlier, and they said "you can go to SPARK 3".
And I then remembered that I have heard that both from Ferrari and Alfa Romeo engineers in the past as well.
But never from any Renault/Honda/Mercedes engineers, so is there anyone that would have any idea of what the "SPARK" settings do?
I assume it's either ERS or Ignition timing
yep my bet would be ignition timing as well
What difference (if any) would that make to the performance?
You make ignition timing more and more advanced to increase power obviously to a point before fuel knocks
But retarding it means you'll have less power, and I assume the compensation being fuel
no
What?
some guy posted his channel and asked us to subscribe
O
Formula 1 Engine wow
Why's it so cropped?
to let you appreciate the individual pixels
That's a V10?
2003
What’s the purpose of these?
Cooling
Yeah
They need air flowing into them
To cool the cars
Which, when they are driving ofc happens but when they are sitting still there's not enough air going in so they need that.
+f1
Question: I have heard people saying that SF90 was not actually original and had some "cheats" to make it superior. Even though FIA has not confirmed and rule breaches, I still cannot forget how fast that car was. I personally think that Ferrari could not make a massive mistake to turn their car to the SF1000 and be in the midfield. As I know, there were no major changes for the 2020 cars but I may be wrong. Has Ferrari just messed up their development like in 1980? Or has FIA kept the fact that the SF90 was a cheat as a secret to prevent the Tifosi from getting upset? After all Ferrari is a huge brand and what you do to them could cause major consequences. How could they suddenly be uncompetitive?
The true details of what Ferrari did and how the deal between them and the FIA looks may never be revealed. We really just know for sure that they had something going on with their engine in 2019, couldn't use that anymore in 2020, and thus had a lot less power.
The most common theory is that Ferrari did something to bypass the fuel flow limit; and the FIA knew something was wrong but couldn't completely prove what Ferrari did, so they agreed to that deal where Ferrari got away without a specific penalty but had to help the FIA to monitor stuff like this in the future.
As for why the 2020 car was so bad, well, it's assumed that Ferrari built a car with lots of downforce (=drag) which wouldn't have been a problem with the stronger engine, but since they couldn't do whatever they had done anymore the engine didn't develop enough power to compensate that.
In February some statements from Mika Salo were revealed where he claimed that Ferrari had kind of a secret punishment by having to use less fuel, but that should probably be taken with a grain of salt.
The common consensus is for the SF90 is that Ferrari had been able to circumvent fuel flow by having a controlled Charge Cooler Fluid leak to add some to the fuel mix
Which is considered why the Ferrari's had some mad exhaust smonk when they started up
Even if this in itself wasn't a good fuel, it'd be like Methanol Water injection which'd decrease the temperature in the combustion chamber, effectively raising the Octane of the fuel
Which means more compression up to the max of 18:1, which means more power per stroke
So, from what we know Ferrari had a powerful engine back in 2019, which would have allowed to engineers to extract more downforce because the engine could handle it. The secret that the FIA could not solve may have been something related to the controlled Charge Cooler Fluid then. Which actually would explain the straight line speed of the Ferrari and also AlfaRomeo? AlfaRomeo had a very high straight line speed compared to the other midfield teams, which could be the result of the ICE, a Ferrari unit.
And looking back to all the evidence and the claims it seems pretty likely that Ferrari's power unit was the key to the 2019 car being very competitive.
However, what we may never know is: Why has FIA did not do any further investigation, if they also thought that there was something weird about the 2019 car?
AlfaRomeo had a very high straight line speed compared to the other midfield teams, which could be the result of the ICE, a Ferrari unit.
More like lower downforce and drag levels
Could also be low downforce, but we never have the data of the car in our hands... So we have to guess. 
If they had big downforce and the same PU, they'd have achieved more than 1x 4th place and 8th in the standings
Ye but, the PU is still a Ferrari unit. Only reason that the one at AlfaRomeo being less powerful is because:
- Ferrari did not supply AlfaRomeo with the controlled Charge Cooler Fluid.
or - Ferrari did not want to supply AlfaRomeo with a PU as powerful as theirs, because they are still rivals int the same sport.
ooooor - It would raise suspicion if BOTH the Ferrari powered cars were suddenly more competitive. So, Ferrari wanted to keep it discreet.
- is rubbish cause it helps them if theu can snatch away any bad position rb or Mercedes could leave on the table
A good power unit is useless against them unless you have good aero and drivers to match it. And why would you want another team to catch you up??? Even if you are allies. AT is RedBull's other team and they don't want them to get into the way of their fight with Mercedes do they? I think it makes sense to suggest that.
Officially, you're not legally allowed to give customer teams outdated engines anymore
So I assume for 2019, Ferrari were the only ones cheating, but the punishment was on every Ferrari engine made
Yes
Because in 2020 all Ferrari powered teams were slower than the year before at the same track
And the loss seemed to come mainly from the straights
Which makes me actually believe Salo
If you have customers that can perform well, while still being lower than you, you'd be content. Say if the 2md RB has an issue and is out of the points, and an AT can be ahead of the 2nd Mercedes thabks to the PU, you're gucci right, as Helmut Marko
I find it odd...
You can't have the benefit that Gr.C had, being that... Customer teams overtaking factory teams make more sales
Because the Customer teams are usually commercial rivals
I agree, I don't feel like a team would give superior advantage over another team. Not even in F1, in other cases, the supplier would not want their customers to be better than they are.
Because then, they would lose their status of being better than other rivals.
their hands are pretty much tied though, OEMs are obliged to supply identical hardware and software to their customers
Even with that rule, an engine cannot be the exact same as the other ones. One will be better than the others and one which is the worst of the bunch. And normally, Ferrari would keep the "best" one to themselves. And no one can say anything to that, because its not like they tried to make different engines.
that really doesn't mean much because you're getting down into the minutia of some components being 'binned' slightly higher than others
and the allocation of components in the pool isn't reasonably something that can be used to influence performance across the parent or customer team
the sporting regs also expressly prevent what you're saying
It can, in some cases. Remember the 2007 GTR with the handbuilt engine? Its power could vary a lot, almost by a 100 HP. So it can and may still happen.
huh? no it can't happen in f1
+/-100hp variations across components is wildly outside the regulations
Im not saying the difference will be 100HP, it can be less. Im just trying to say that this variety can happen between handbuilt engines.
They aren't allowed to
The Engines are factory sealed and advised by an FIA Technical geez
Out of curiosity, where does one learn about aerodynamics? (To this day I am only 15 years old so my knowledge of maths and physics are quite limited) I have been interested in learning more about it for quite a while now. (Both for F1 cars and general racing cars)
For basics about aerodynamics and physics there are multiple documents online which are good to read. I would suggest you to visit Google Scholar to search for some articles and pdf documents.
You can search up the particular topic you want to learn about and it will give you a list of srticles and books about them.
Access Google Scholar from here: https://scholar.google.com/schhp?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
What... What bits do you wanna know?
Oh thats awesome. I have never heard about Google Scholar before. Thanks a lot for the tips.
Pretty much every bit that have with aerodynamics to do.
I would say start with physics, then it will lead you towards aerodynamics. I feel like its a good place to start but it also depends on the kind of person you are. Choice is yours. 🙂
I would recommend MulsannesCorner, they have an aero database too where you can see raw downforce/drag figures of cars like the TS010, which was... alot
NASA have some good basic introductions to aerodynamics
AH
Cool. I like physics and I am going to do physics at school in 2 years. I think learning a mix of physics and aerodynamics could be a nice way to learn it.
Ye I saw them provide some software as well for students and those who interested.
What are "MulsannesCorner"?
Technical analysis of contemporary sports prototype racing cars (Group C, IMSA GTP, WSC, LMP), delving into how they are designed, how they are built, and the functions behind their aesthetics. Contents include technical dossiers of current prototypes as well as GTP and Group C cars of the past, hundreds of photos, articles, and related links.
I'll check it out. Is there any special place I have to go?
Sounds good to me anyway!
Thanks a lot!
There are also 2 CART IndyCar Docudramas from 1995-1997 time which shows the use of flow vis and windtunnels by Lola
Where do I find em?
Which is something you don't really get from F1, because it's a bit... More closed doors
Ye
I'll DM em
Oh huh
Never figured that out
Wait what i thought less downforce less drag 
Same lmao
Downforce can certainly make your car more stable, but when you are going for sheer speed, downforce can actually be a hindrance. Any increase in downforce also means an increase in drag.
I'm confused now lmao
Exactly
Ferrari had created a downforce car in 2020 which made it draggy as hell and their engine was shit
More downforce more drag
Less downforce less drag
Right?
?
Thats what i thought
So strange tht is username was "Not an aerodynamist
"
lol
?? You were the guy we contact if we have questions about aero and you give reasonable evidence to support your claims + you are an FIA official. What is the reason you posted that and didn't say anything about what you posted?
I think his image is what you want to achieve, not one implies the other
+1
Oh okay i get it
He was replying to that guy asking to learn about aero
Thats about it
More downforce
Less Drag
and you are good to go
Ferrari went the easy route in 2019, more downforce with more drag because their PU could make up the difference. And in 2020 it showed
True. Does anybody have any info on the new Ferrari PUs? They were going to be different and better this year
So anything on what they changed or improved. I could only find some open ended articles.
@cursive wraith @crimson granite @static quiver
You completely lost the point... The point is you try and make your new design more Aerodynamically efficient, so you make more downforce for the same amount, or even less drag. It wasn't saying a law of physics, it was baking down how to make a new car
The Ferraris were a sitting duck at Portimao when both Leclerc-Sainz parted from the DRS train
But they certainly have a relatively good car in the corners
Yh, they are better placed because of the quali somehow as far as I understand :p
But still, I wonder whats up with them
Cause of the next season suspense :E
but leclerc blew away the midfield on Sunday
i was expecting them to be like gasly, alonso, vettel scrap becuase they were so close in quali
Yh, he was def faster than expected
He pulled few stints like that last year as well. Really good with the package, considering Ferrari were building the car around him.
He specifically has a good quali pace and has been far more consistent then what I expected.
yeah thats a very good point. the Ferrari last year was good on its tyres
and yeah, cars havent changed much. the aero package, this year actually helps tyres conservation, and over it the rubber, this year is stronger
so thats a very fast ferrari if my 'total guesswork' is right
I'm quite dumb so i wouldnt have gotten that picture. My bad
oh sorry m8
Oh boi my tone's come off wrong
lmaoo
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
Sorry I think I've seem to accidentally pasted that
Ye thought so. No worries, these happen. 🙂
F1*
wait is he actually?
Formula 1 Official means Formula 1 Official
And FIA Official would mean FIA Official
Yes only people that can prove they are motorsport affiliated or whatever get the roles in question
Wheel force sensors bring used by @AlpineF1Team at the #F1 @pirellisport tyre test.
The measure the forces at the wheel, combined with suspension and ride height data, this helps to build the sim model for the tyres
https://t.co/nbqIIYOXNK
Its that for the sedans? 
Fan video, footage copyright FOM / F1
"Bendy wing" on the Red Bull cars, Lewis Hamilton said last Saturday after he qualified for his 100th pole position and Max Verstappen landed P2 just 36ms behind.
Buy me a coffee: https://paypal.me/pools/c/8z9dzYtVOp
Could someone explain how this doesnt count as a movable aero piece?
It's actually not clear yet, it has only been noticed as of recent, just like every innovation
Afaik, the so called "Bendy" wings act like anti-DRS
The wings are allowed a certain amount of movement
And from what I gather there is always a bit of flex in the rear wing
so whats the limit on how much a component flex?
Not more than one degree horizontally or 3mm vertically
and what's the 20 % tolerance ?
Not much much wider but definitely wider than their predecessors. The actual difference is at the length of the cars.
I don't think that's accurate but ok
This is the only comparison i could find
F1 cars from the 1970's-1992 were the widest oof
Hey, I have to make projects for school, and we were at liberty to choose the topic, for chemistry, i chose the research question as "How do carbon fibre polymer composites warranty performance, reliability and safety in Formula 1 ?" and for physics i chose the importance of aerodynamics in F1
So if anyone could give some good reliable sources of info, that would be very helpful and greatly appreciated
I believe Adrian Newey wrote a book about working with RB's cars but I don't know how technical it is, I haven't read it. There's some other racecar engineering books out there. "Reliable" sources in the traditional sense (research papers and such) are hard because all that data and engineering is proprietary, so all you can really get your hands on is external analyses and things like Newey's book, and general aerodynamics knowledge.
Although if you aren't looking to get too technical (cause this sounds like a high school thing?) you might be able to just talk about the basics of drag and downforce and how it affects grip, acceleration, etc
It actually has to be quite a bit technical coz we are supposed to come up with our own hypothesis from data and primary research
but thank you, i'll go through newey's book
Gotcha. I'm pretty alright with aerodynamics, let me know if I can help understand anything
I'm not terrible at materials science either (for the carbon fiber stuff)
It's quite technical I've read ot
Mostly about suspension geometry
The only material stuff he talks about is whining about Williams still using an aluminium casing for their gearbox and not a carbon fibre one
Plenty of you're into f1 history! Dude has seen and done so many things
Excellent I may have to check it out
I entered here for seeing what do you talk about and I'm actually amazed of you knowledge xd
What is wrong with the back wing/drs from RB
There's a maximum deflection of flexibility in the rules for the rear wing to flex by, because of course you can't stop it flexing entirely, but allowing it to flex significantly allows it to work like a DRS, as the more it leans backward, the more it reduces it's downforce and drag
What Red Bull have been able to do time and again is have it legal for the tests of putting weight on it, but then allow it to deform above that test
Similar to their front wings
ive seen videos about flexing wings
So they're allowed to flex till the red lines?
At least at the time of those regs, which're 2000,yes
And I think that 3° deflection is still the case
Red Bull does something that passes the test. The FIA reacts instantly because their golden sponsors complained while DAS stayed on the car for a whole season.
DAS was not illegal, DAS was more of a loophole.
And in case you did not know it was banned for this season.
This is also a loophole
At the moment, Red Bull's rear wing is not illegal either.
But it could turn out to be if it does not pass the new FIA tests.
They introduced the new tests only because Mercedes lodged the complaint
No other team would have warranted new tests
And that is completely fine, teams are allowed to ask the FIA to look into stuff further if they believe something is not following the regulations.
Just like how Red Bull asked the FIA to look into DAS, because they were unsure it was following the regulations.
Or how Red Bull asked the FIA to look into the Ferrari engine in 2019.
And the Ferrari engines got not illegal for 2020. DAS was allowed to stay on the car for the whole season. The FIA in most cases has allowed the teams to keep new thing for the season. Unless the complaint is lodged by their main sponsors. Used to be Ferrari now it is Mercedes
And who has said Red Bull's rear wing is illegal?
Has their rear wing been declared illegal?
it hasn't
It will be most likely
And like, they are not only going to investigate Red Bull's rear wing 
They are going to have new tests done on all rear wings..
if complaints are filed for every rear wing ye
Well, there has not been a formal complaint made about the rear wing.
Hamilton has just said Red Bull had "a bendy rear wing" and then the FIA sent out a letter to all the teams.
Saying they were worried some teams might be getting a performance advantage over the others through having a rear wing that does not follow the regulations.
Why are they testing just on one drivers comment's?
But on Tuesday, sources have revealed that the FIA has written to all teams and informed them that it is concerned some are exploiting designs that pass the static tests but still flex at speed.
In the note, a copy of which has been seen by Motorsport.com, the FIA states that it is aware of designs that comply with the current tests but ‘nonetheless exhibit excessive deflections while the cars are in motion.”
It adds: “We believe that such deformations can have a significant influence on the car’s aerodynamic performance.”
In response to its concerns, the FIA has stated that it is to enact a clause in F1’s technical regulations that allows it to introduce new tests.
Article 3.9.9 of F1’s Technical Regulations states: “The FIA reserves the right to introduce further load/deflection tests on any part of the bodywork which appears to be (or is suspected of), moving whilst the car is in motion.”
Thanks. This is worded differently than the BBC article I read
BBC is garbage and usually biased should have went to autosport
BBC f1 articles are awful
please don't bring nonsense like this into the technical channel
While not chat relevant you can't ignore that the FIA is biased towards certain teams
trying to somehow spin that narrative into a DAS vs wing flex argument is total bullshit
although if you want to start slinging mud and talking about "main sponsors", the FIA were acting against mercedes' best interests when banning DAS
I wasn't trying to compare this to DAS just weird how one team has a loophole but is let have it while others get further testing, but that isn't for this chat
it's not weird because they're entirely separate issues
You can’t compare them
DAS was completely compliant with the technical regulations and mercedes were in contact with the FIA throughout its development
there is no reasonable situation in which extended testing would change the legality of the components
whereas there is already precedent for tightening load tests, because aeroelasticity is so hard to regulate
All right. It seems I was wrong about the testing being a way for some mid season regulation changes
... Wait is the wing flex changes being brought in mid season, or next season?
Also the difference between DAS and this is... Red Bull have done this a couple of times before, and Flexi wings have been an issue for a couple decades
DAS... Hasn't been a thing
You're making a conspiracy fight bruv
Mid season
Oh pof
Iirc it’ll happen by the French GP
They will introduce new tests to insure it cannot break under lots of pressure
If it manages to pass the test redbull will be allowed to keep it

this the sf1000?
Looks like it
yea it looks slow :D

Mhm and?

Could we not start dropping inane shit in this channel?

Today I learnt why F1 Engine fuel suppliers crack down IsoButanol/IsoButene/IsoButane to make IsoOctane, other than the objective 100 RON Octane
Because it has... Well, everything needed to make a good race fuel for F1
It has a:
44.539mj/kg Lower Heating Value, which is slightly higher than the Petrol average I've found
690kg/m^3 physical density, which is way lower than Petrol's 747, which is great for 100kg/hr fuel flow rates
15.1 Stoichiometric ratio, which is leaner than Petrol's 14.7... Again, great for 100kg/hr
Hmmm interesting. To quote a wise man, that'd be pogtastic.
Not sure what the lower heating value implies though
Lower Heating Value is the energy given off as a net value, rather than the Higher/Gross value, the lower accounting for losses to heat up things like water
So it means at the very least the combustion will yoeld 44.539mj/kg, but it can be more?
It means that is the actual energy release that's given off after accounting for losses. Similar to how old V8's were rated in Gross Brake Horsepower, which didn't account for mechanically drives pumps which'd take about 65bhp or so out of them
thanks 🙂
So that couple of Mj per kg would be used to just heat humidity in the air and in the resulting combustion, which isn't useful for combustion of actual... Y'know things you wanna combust
Has anyone seen the talk about the flexible rear wing that’s on the Red Bull’s this year? I thought that was banned a few years ago but I guess they got around it which is pretty interesting
Oh wait never mind, disregard that message haha I see there was a whole discussion about it above
lmao

You shift earlier than normal
what does that do
To save fuel or save tires
short shifting means you're not staying in the ideal powerband, so you're losing out on acceleration
does it help with acceleration under certain conditions? (e.g. on a wet surface to prevent the tyres from slipping)
yeah you can also use it to try and manage wheelspin in the wet
Correct, less horsepower, as you are lower down in the rev range. I suppose you can use it to avoid wheelspin when its raining or if you are coming out of a corner. It helps manage the power and somewhat slowly feed it I guess.
Basically what is going on with the Honda engine according to a reliable source on F1Technical is:
- The block/piston interface is apparently too tight, so when the block retains more heat during extended use the tolerance becomes too little hence the vibration of the moving components from excessive friction
- Honda reduced the power level on all power units mid-way through the Bahrain Grand Prix weekend and have stayed at that level since
- Honda think they have a fix for it and will trial it on Tsunoda's car during practice in Monaco
- In-season development is banned this year, but reliability upgrades are allowed. This particular issue can be resolved as it is simply a case of the engine block being too tight which apparently causes an issue whtn the ICE runs at 100%
And assuming he is correct, and that a fix is found in Monaco - then it can be expected for Verstappen and Perez to take PU number two in Baku which would then have the fix in place.
Re-post from #formula-1 but I thought someone that hangs in here might find it interesting or whatever
Or TooLow will just debunk it
well nothing's jumping out at me as being unreasonable or impossible
if the source itself is legit, i think that's a decent explanation
So Honda have been running their cars a bit less on power than normal?
apparently
So it's possible that gasly is running a different spec of the Honda engine
ok so question
i've always wondered this so i'll ask it here
were the tyres that michelin ran until the summer break in 2003 the same spec than in 2001 and 2002?
are there any top down, side and front diagrams of the halo?
Idk if someone here has a definite answer, but since there was a tyre war between Michelin and Bridgestone, that's very unlikely
iirc they made new tyres
I assume it was just an evolution of the tyres they've been running since they started in 2001, but was only called out when they got better than Bridgestone arguably
Well Alex said he was running a spec 2019 Honda engine
When? You can't just run any engine you want
could you send a link of the article or whatever?
im not sure abt the article but in a sim dane video of the Red Bull Diss there was a ss of the article
I'm near to 100% sure thats false
Sim dane is not a thing to trust
I think this point system would be good: 26 - 21 - 17 - 13 - 10 - 7 - 5 - 3 - 2 - 1
Big points for the podium, medium points for the midfield competition and 1 or 2 points for the occasional slow teams when somehow got into points.
You're reducing the gap between first and second which isn't good
Well, this is more sporting regs than technical regs no?
Definitely sporting regs
Many in F1 have tried to explain the difference in performance and results between Red Bull teammates Max Verstappen and Alex Albon. The team’s advisor Helmut Marko has now given his insights on this subject while speaking to Motorsport-Magazin
I'm your host Dillon Shelley and first up on Formula World:
Link to poll: https://www.youtube.com/po...
^^
formula world
It's formula world smh

Everything 
fake
Its not that unreliable. They also bring up facts and real quotes but they often put something to them which leads to missunderstanding and clickbait
it is
that's called twisting the truth
albon did NOT run inequal parts to max
car*
They always use quotes that nobody knows where they come from
he may have had worse parts but not a different car
And they never link to any sources
^^
Just read it again and think what i mean
they make up their own quotes
no
you stop believing everything you see on the internet
it'll help
And I would not be surprised if they take quotes from multiple different other sources and put it together into one
it's on the UU list on purpose
Man, read the freaking first part i wrote#

Then dont write shit to me which isn't right. I said they put some good and real quotes which i know from myself in, but then there are quotes which are mixed, what i realized and never believed and your 200 IQ part is to tell me to not believe everything in the internet when i already wrote it
Which makes what they say unreliable if they distort what's been said :)
For example, Max said it will be hard for this season to beat merc and it was in the F1 Press Conference and they did put that in. However tho, there are also quotes from like Toto which are a mix of RTL and SKY
And that is exactly what makes them unreliable, they never say where they get their quotes from and they mix quotes from different other sources where the same driver might have been asked a completely different kind of question.
But it is a fact that not everything is false and selfmade or something else
While Sky might have asked Max in Spain "do you like the fight with Lewis?" and he answered "yes I do it is a great fight and I love it", RTL might have asked Max in Monaco "would you like to fight harder with Lewis?" and he says "no I think we should not fight that hard" and then Formula World put it together into one video and say "Max said he liked the fight with Lewis in Spain but in Monaco he changed his mind".
And with Formula World not saying where they get their quotes from, they could simply be pushing their own anti-someone agenda by making up quotes to make a driver and/or team to look bad because they do not like them.
Then obviously it is up to you if you want to believe in what they say, or if you want to use more reliable sources like Autosport, Motorsport, The-Race.
But there is no need for you to get upset for someone trying to tell you that Formula World is proven to be unreliable and untrusted, if you choose to ignore that yourself.
I dont watch them but not everything is mixed up and that was all i said and not more
I told him to read my first sentence which made that clear, no more
why are u even arguing with staff
That is way besides the point
I made clear what i said
what are the chances that the user of Formula World might be reading all this ?
Never Zero
are we supposed to care anyway
Lol believing formula world is a bit like believing all those youtubers who claim to have inside information regarding updates and dlcs on GTA online, GTA 6 and other popular multiplayer games
Bruh just FIa things
They make a stupid rule coz they don't know how to regulate a thing and run out their pride that that was a good decision for 40 years
the thing with rules is you can't think of every single way people will try to circumvent them
What?
That's a thing that makes F1 what it is
them penalizing kimi in imola was a bit like, we dont know tf we are doing, but here is a penalty
They knew what they were doing in that case it was just two rules that contradicted each other
So no matter what Kimi did in Imola he would have had a penalty 
yeah but.......
yeah ik he was screwed either way
but its a bit like.... remove the rules that are a bit out of date
and illogical
f1 has been around for 71 years now, which is exactly the same as the length of the constitution of many countries who gained independence after ww2. looks like f1 constitution is as complicated as the constitutions of many of those countries
that is a convulated reference and not related to f1 tech, but u get what i mean lol
what rules are a bit out of date in your opinion
hmm tough question. the constructor payment at the end of the season for starters
the ferrari veto
why is the constructor payment at the end of the season obsolete tho
the teams having the votes (from the glorious bernie days)
ferrari have been paid the maximum for being mediocre-average for a while
also, these are only Concorde agreement bits right?
yup
its part of f1. i dont think technical rules are yesterday. love the rules for 2022
some philosophies
then the rules with the helmets in 2019, and not having different liveries on the same car, small corporate niggles
McLaren ran two different liveries on two different cars in Abu Dhabi 2018 for the Alonso farewell
So the livery rules do not actually seem too hard to get around
Although the differences were not really significant and I do not know the exact regulation on it but
force india were once fined some amount for getting the location of the drivers number wrong lol
or something
it was suspended
but yeah
Youtube?
There is this guy who goes over every part of the F1 car
can you link the channel?
thank you!!
:>
They're allowed to if every team agrees, which is usually the case with druver farewells
NO
@austere grail
https://www.grandprixengines.co.uk/
Mostly if you scroll down to the notes section but, there's a whole bunch of links of engine evolution at the time
Grand Prix Engine Development 1906 - 2000 Performance & mechanical analysis over 95 years by Derek Taulbut BSc (Eng) Hons. DMS
ohh thanks a lot
I just love it coz there's alot about 3.5L Engines
I have GP engines bookmarked
This was used in Ligier?
Ligier used Mugen engines from 1995-1997
then swapped with Jordan to get the Peugeot
Wasn't it Prost?
yes Alain Prost bought Ligier ahead of the 97 season
but the first Prost car was called the JS45, since it was basically a Ligier
That was a good car wasn't it?
it was an excellent car
before his crash that would basically break his career, Panis was 3rd in the standings
This is one of the MF-301H's from the Jordan-Mugens
if only Alain didn't want a full french team 
Yea panis was great
The 99 car?
Cause that 99 car ooooof
I assume the 1999 Engine, yes
So good
So according to that article. Ferrari, BMW, Honda and Toyota wanted to make V12's again for 2000
Ik that Toyota wanted to enter F1 with V12
Yeah
So then why didn't the FIA allow that?
But they banned other engine layouts for 2000
Why? FIA things idk
If they introduced the V12
Yeah probably they'd sound... Just... Too much
Well that kinda would be insane now
Didn't the mechanics have hearing issues due to the V12's
... Bruv you'd have hearing issues with anything like that without hearing protectiob
The thing is... A 20,000rpm V12 would make 1,000Hz
Whereas a V10 makes 833Hz for those revs
i find it interesting how engines only produce one frequency essentially
Well... Nothing natural makes just one, that's why we have sound tone, not just pitch
Pff a 20,000rpm V12 is going into 6th Octave territory for noise
That'd be insane
yes but, only octaves
i meant one note sorry
Well like... Sorry I'm making stuff complicated
Any engine format will always conform to one root note, yes
no you're right, it's not a problem to be precise in this channel
Which is (revs×(cylinders/strokes) ) /60
Which is why something like a Detroit Diesel sounds like it's doing 7,000-8,000 instead of 3,500-4,000
And how the onboard graphs at least used to do rev counters
i think they should do it like indycar, if you bring out reds in qualifying, your lap times get deleted, what do you guys think
Its killing the faster laptimes at the end of quali with nobody wanting to completely throw everything away
Man someone who is more technically intelligent please help me out
Does it look like his car has gearbox damage or no?
Hard to call. His Diff is damaged tho
If the Differential is damaged, the Gearbox is
They're moreorless in a one piece unit
The question for me is, are they able to repair it without violating rules or needing to change the box
They might have to
This is your gearbox... That diff wheel gets bonked, you've probably buckled one of the shafts
Source?
ferrari twitter
Ah alright, his diff tho wasn't completely fine but lets see
You didnt saw the crash or what?
No, I'm watching Indy quali
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kab08DP664Q check it out later then
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its not fair for people setting laps at the end of the session either so
No seems kinda unfair, if the red flag was to be brought out in 20 seconds of the final session. No one will be able to set a flying lap. And tbh would kinda be weird if they will just add time to the session or restart it.
guys idk where to ask this i have a english assignment to choose a spoken topic and i chose safety in f1 where can i get some useful recouces for this
any1 can help me out here
that's such a broad topic, you'd have to narrow it down a bit more
well the basic design philosophy hasn't changed all that much over the last couple of decades
you have 4 crash structures designed to absorb energy and reduce the load being passed to the driver, and the survival cell which is designed to stay intact and prevent objects from ingressing into the cabin
alr thnx
Ya'll probably already know but Charles his gearbox isn't that well going
No not that man, it's happening now
"No no no, guys gearbox"
Car's off
He won't make the green pit light
No grid for him
Can someone explain to me what exactly went wrong with Bottas' pitstop? I know he had a sticky wheelnut but apart from that not much
Cross threading is when you put on a bolt or nut or something at an angle, and on one side the threads are one step ahead of the other side
Like that
And with enough force without realising it's crossed, you strip threads, like so
Are changes required to be made or is it just a bad coincidence?
During the 2021 Formula 1 Monaco Grand Prix, Valtteri Bottas pitted but his front right tyre couldn't come off his car. Here's an explanation as to why that happened!
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Check this out
Changes would be made mostly
yeah tht is what i was thinking
no
obviously not
he doesn't even get the direction of rotation right
If it is, then that was his last race for the team so also no sense
Why the hell would a mechanic have something out for Bottas
And purposefully ruin Bottas' race 
the tool spins clockwise for the mechanic, which means the motor must try to spin the wheel-nut anti-clockwise aka to the left, to make it lose. I doubt they use differently oriented threads on both sides of the car.
You can also see on the wheel gun the mechanic puts it into untighten mode after every try
The mechanic that also gives him the backup gun also puts it into untighten mode
And even if that mechanic was out to get Bottas to ruin his race on purpose by tightening the nut instead of untightening someone else would have noticed
Because there were like five other mechanics watching him
yeah i know it was just random trashtalk by tht guy 
..so why put it in #f1-technical ?
that is pretty technical with the nut and the gun
but it is technical so
i could spout a bunch of bullshit using technical buzzwords that make no sense
doesn't mean it belongs in this channel
This discussion isnt technical so no point to go on
sorry won't happen again 
engine mgu-h conduction gravity downforce
They do
It's even the case on Supercars
wait really?
Yes
You use threads on the the opposite direction of rotation so when the car runs forwards, the air resistance can only tighten the nut
uuh so which direction would that be on the right side?
in the video left does seem to equal lose
On Bottas' front right, it'd be an anti-clockwise thread
Because the wheel would rotate clockwise
wait but when the mechanic tries to make it lose, the wheel gun handle rotates clockwise
so the gun should roate anti-clockwise to make it lose?
I need to see the video
F1's most famous race returned with emotion from lights out to the chequered flag; check out highlights from Monaco!
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#F1 #MonacoGP
see how the handle spins whenever he tries it again
Yeah so the handle spins clockwise
Because clockwise would be loosen
Ugh this sucks when tryna type stuff out
should't the handle spin in the opposite direction of what the tool itself is supposed to do
Oh uh...
Well you see him hitting it and it never flicks the opposite way
So I assume that gun didn't wanna rotate the other direction either
Bro I'm confused
Is that wheel nut still stuck on Bottas’ right front?
Yes
#Bottas #Wheelnut #Shorts #DNF #Pitstop
Close-up of Valtteri Bottas's wheel nut being machined by the wheel gun during his pit stop at the 2021 Monaco Grand Prix (Monte Carlo).
#F1 #Monaco #MonacoGP
Credit: F1 Twitter
If you enjoyed this video please consider subscribin...
@upper ivy
Here's some confirmation
I honestly think the gun was never switched to loosen oof
is there a way to wee which way is loosen?
i mean whatever it is; it seems to be set to rotate counter-clockwise
Nah he definitely slaps it into untighten after every try
Yes
What I found out is that's also done automatically
So what happens I assume is, it starts to go Anti-Clcokwise, which is tighten. It doesn't budge
He lets go of the trigger, which busts out the cylinder to the other side, which is loosen, but everytime he smacks it back in
Therefore to go the same way every time
When the yellow thing is pushed down it is untighten
And when it goes up it is tighten
They couldn't have timed this better if they tried... watch as Mercedes opt for a daring and brilliantly-choreographed double pit stop in Shanghai.
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Because if you look at the gun here
When Hamilton leaves he smacks it down to put it into untighten again
Thats from The Race. I don’t think it has anything to do in which direction the gun was spinning, i think and as it’s said by Merc that the gun just wasn’t on properly
So either the nut in the whee; or the gun were on at an angle where that wasn't correct for the threads/teeth and it just stripped the teeth off because the nut wwasn't going anywhere
so was the nut fckd prior to the pitstop?
Yeah idk why I got so uppity about the rotation of the gun
It wouldn't've mattered if the fitment was cross-threaded
right
If the nut was broken or not wouldn't have mattered anyway. Have you ever rounded a screw in your porch? Why did it happen? Was it because the screw was broken or was it because the screwdriver were at a bad position?
Same thing here - just with a large screwdriver with plenty of power.
I don’t want to put to much on him but it’s the mechanics fault then for me, but this happens in F1 and nobody should be really upset about him
I don't hate the geez or dislike the nutman 😤 but I just wanna know what went wrong
Be on the lookout for the race debrief video on their YT channel
the nutman 😩
Remember the front wing of 2006 Renault car
It's technically the suspension, not the front wing
I have a question about next years cars
will the engine cover size be the same as this years car?
Probably not
So how will they fit the engine
I think there will be changes in the engine layout
It might just be like an inch smaller
Does anyone have have Red Bull and Alpha Tauri car comparison?
Other than liking the narrow look of the cars for their looking rocket like, this is another reason why F1 should not have increased the width. More width = more aero, worse racing.
Instead should have tried to reduce the weight of the cars.
The big overhaul of 2017 led to cars with much more downforce.. and much more dirty air
They just added downforce in the wrong way
Found this but I wish I could find one with more years.
I remember back then We are all fearing about the Cars getting harder to overtake.
.
It slowly got better from there. Fortunately
The cars got harder to follow
This is personally why I advocate so much for the Inwash aero to come back
And also of course... Tunnels
Yeah but like Liberty media are trying their best to combat this with the current cars
Added More DRS Zones which is eh. But like these cars are hard to follow
.
And right now they decreased some of the downforce on the floor.
Best Solution I can say is
.
- Make the cars smaller
- Make them a tad slower
- Ground Effect
.
Two of those things is F1 2022 are doing right now
I see all 3 in 2022
which thing isn't being done by the 2022 regs
Are the fuel mixes from the game the same thing as party modes
The things that got banned a Monza last season
No this is fuel setting how much you burn. The engine mapping from like the rpm goes faster up and slows down later in the gear, this isn't allowed anymore as far as i got that
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sorry if im re-posting
human factor failure
what is the diff b/w a F1 and an Indy car?
I can hear toolow coming here screeching about the third part 
IndyCars are smaller and all have the same chassis made by Dallara, with "aero kits" made for road courses/street circuits and ovals (for ovals they have less aero so that they have less drag). In general IndyCar has less aero then F1. There are far less driver aids like power steering in IndyCar. The engines are from Chevrolet and Honda, and they are 2.2L V6 twin turbos, whose power unit can be adjusted depending on the race. No Hybrids, although that's planned for 2023 (but not the same kind as F1)
Also aeroscreen + halo instead of just the halo
So yeah, quite different outside of being open wheeler single seaters
oh
Congrats @fringe sun, you're now on lap 15
No power steering in Indycar? Why?
maybe it's not necessary
I still remember reading F1 magazine’s review of the 2001 San Marino 🇸🇲 Grand Prix, and in the Arrows race review, it was mentioned that they weren’t running power steering on their cars, saying something about it only being required for fast corners and that there haven’t been any remaining at Imola since the 1995 revamp. With all the fast corners that many Indycar circuits have, one would think that power steering would be a necessity.
depends on the amount of downforce the car has
depends a lot on downforce
wtf
it must be tough to manoeuvere them ig
Can someone explain to me what Ground Effect is?
I heard that it is involved in the 2022 cars
but no clue how it works and what the effect is
Air that goes under the car is accelerated through venturi effect, and doing so lowers the pressure under the car, thus sucking it into the ground.
What we have next year is huge tunnels under the car so that more air than now can be accelerated, which produces more suction
This downforce produces a lot less dirty air than through wings
(that's how i understand it)
ah that's nice
thanks a lot
so these tunnels replace the part that was regulated a bit more for this season?
The tunnels will replace the flat floor yes
Thanks a lot kind staff member with a spinning doggo in his profile pic
Well it's safer now regardless considering they use profiles to seal the tunnels off with air
Even if they're tryna curtail that for only this year
yes but the gap between merc and the others were close now
Guess what just released
https://youtu.be/Zs-trk42vFo
Which is faster: Lewis Hamilton's Formula 1 car, or Scott Dixon's IndyCar? Both have had major success in their respective championships, but how different are the two machines? Using our latest 3D animations, Jake Boxall-Legge breaks down everything there is to compare with IndyCar and Formula 1 cars, from aerodynamics, power, tyres, fuel and m...
Introductory article for an upcoming series of Formula 1 articles about aerodynamics in general, race car aerodynamics – primarily Formula 1 and other open-wheel series.
omg lmao
will surely watch it
About the Lotus double chassis....
This got banned later in the season or did it not get banned ?
it was instantly banned
and Bernie found a way to put aside one of the 3 people on the FOCA, so that only him and Frank Williams remained
on his way to become the undisputed leader of F1
I see
