First off, it would be helpful to know more about the specific rules and mechanics of your game. That way, I could give more precise advice for your game specifically. But, for now, here what I can tell you.
I'd like to be able to check an input field against a large list of words, specifically a Google Sheet of all words in the Oxford Dictionary.
I'd start by exporting your Google Sheet into a CSV file because as far as I know, working with google sheet directly from HTML and JS isn't possible. The problem is that the Oxford Dictionary contains over 270k words. Loading this many words at once might consume a significant amount of memory and could slow down your application. That's, if you're able to make it load (in a reasonable amount of time). To optimize this, consider reducing the word list to only what you need for your game, which would help improve performance. If reducing the list isn’t possible, you might want to use a server-side database to store the words and query them as needed. Alternatively, check if the Oxford Dictionary offers a free API that you can use to look up words dynamically instead of handling it yourself
I'd also like to know how to implement a regex 'filter' to catch words that will be deemed correct, or incorrect.
For that, learning regex isn't difficult, there's tones of resources online. You can also use a tool like https://regexr.com/ to help you write your expressions. That said, regex might not be necessary for a simple word comparison. If your goal is just to check if a word is valid based on your list, a straightforward comparison will do the job without the need for regex.