📚｜english-questions

[night token]

Thats what I want

[verbal heron]

Oh

[night token]

So I have to read poems and stuff

From people that were alive 1400 years ago

[verbal heron]

You'll have to read older books then

[verbal heron]

Lmao

[night token]

Books older than 1000 year?

[verbal heron]

No

[night token]

Probably

Yes

That's the archaic vocabulary

[verbal heron]

Books from 3-4 centuries are fine for you

[night token]

3 centuries ago?

That's too new

[verbal heron]

Something being archaic doesn't mean it has to be a thousand years old

[night token]

I remember an arabic poem about the beautiful cites of Spain when Arabs invaded Spain and Portugal

[night token]

Well poetically speaking yes

[verbal heron]

Something can be very old and still very common

But then that's not an archaic word/phrase

[verbal heron]

Not at all

[night token]

Al mutanabbi? Born in 915?

Bro's the best poet

In the world

Or the Arabic world

What

[verbal heron]

Network issue

Nvm

[night token]

Yeah my msg got duplicated

I deleted one so they don't think I was spamming

[verbal heron]

Haven't heard of him

I mean, I don't even read poems

Lmao

[verbal heron]

Btw

How often do you read poems

[night token]

He's an Arab, why would you be interested in Arabic poetry?

[night token]

Not that much

Most peoms are from textbooks

The ones I study

[verbal heron]

Arabic is taught here in some colleges

[night token]

I'm too busy cause I need to study

[verbal heron]

I didn't take arabic tho

[verbal heron]

Then you're new to the field

[night token]

Do they learn the standard one or the dialects?

[verbal heron]

The standard one maybe?

[night token]

Ofc I'm just yelling stuff and not doing them

That's my life

[verbal heron]

Start with modern poems first

Or else you'll get bored

very easily

[night token]

Nahhh, go hard core and dive into the complex one but this time with someone explaining it

I think I'll try Gemini

Yes the stuff that makes rams' price skyrocket

And ssds' too

[verbal heron]

But the thing is, why do you even wanna read them

[night token]

To feel like an ancient Arab

[verbal heron]

Or do you wanna quote lines

like people do

during an argument

[night token]

No

I don't argue

I agree

I know

Let's just ask complex english question and let people answer

[verbal heron]

[verbal heron]

Sure thing

[night token]

Hmmm

Why s produces the s sound?

Why not p or k

[verbal heron]

When you have no real questions

[tall anchor]

that was what i heard though 😔 https://www.reddit.com/r/AskTheWorld/comments/1r5qd9p/comment/o5l0ul6/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button

native speaker btw

[tall anchor]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1347584254132883557/1466899801919590574/6D8959CAD1BDC6D438C95CBF20EA964C_202x203.gif

[boreal ingot]

Natives can misspell things too

I don't think they're using 'pidgin' formally, though. They're just saying he spoke a mixture of English and Hungarian because his English was bad

I don't think a Hungarian-English pidgin exists

Given that pidgins tend to simplify grammar, they're typically marked as low-class speech/informal. It might be that this person took that association and extended it to anyone speaking broken English because of L1 influence

[verbal heron]

They're using the term casually xd

[lone vapor]

Heyyy, I hope you're all good ! I have a question ahah.

Can we say "raise my mind" in English ?

[coarse junco]

I need to speak so good d in english without have any pronounce error?

Because I know to speak but I sometimes make some stop to think what I will say in English

[peak marsh]

IDK if someone's going to anwser this quickly, but, does anyone know how to manage the final conversation in speaking during the PET EXAM?

My classmates sometimes like to talk more than they should and giving a well-said anwser in the time short time that I was given is confusing.

[pallid dome]

Hi everyone

Could you give me tips in english, I want that one tips

[peak marsh]

sure, I'm not the best one here, but I can support you.

[pallid dome]

Okay Bro, so I wish How Learn new way prhases
For example: "How It feels"I don't know It mean , did you Get It , I Just let my english Automatic

[peak marsh]

A good way to learn new phrases is practically reading all kind of stuff, but other one is writing in a paper when you got a topic in mind to express about.

you're practicing your confident with what you've been learning.

you need to repass always your fundaments.

that's a good advice that my first english teacher gave me 4 years ago

Using what you already know is good when you're starting yo learn english.

but, It's my opinion. I'm not a teacher, Just a guy who doesn't know what an adverb is.

[coarse junco]

@boreal ingot how to read in English correctly?

[boreal ingot]

The Phoenician alphabet had the letter 𐤔, which represented the [ʃ] sound (that's sh). It became the Ancient Greek letter Σ (first image), but, because Ancient Greek did not have [ʃ] as a sound, they used it to represent the [s] sound, which is similar. In Euboea (a Greek Island) (or, in western archaic Greek script generally), this letter came to be written with three strokes, like the second and third images below (𐌔). This was transmitted to where modern-day Italy is situated, and became the Old Italic scripts. I can't find an exact answer, but some sources say the Etruscan writing system was boustrophedon, but others say it was mostly right to left. Regardless, because of their writing direction, the Etruscians would in some positions, in some regions, mirror their 𐌔s, as in image 4. The Romans, however, wrote left to right (although they did write boustrophedonly very early on), so when they adopted the Etruscan alphabet, they mirrored the mirrored 𐌔. It eventually rounded out because there was a shift from carving to writing with ink, becoming S and representing the [s] sound (or a very similar sound to it) as it did in Greek.

But why did Phoenician 𐤔 represent [ʃ] in the first place? It gets a bit blurry here, and a lot of the info I've managed to find has been vague or contradictory.
Generally, 'Egyptian Hieroglyphs -> Proto-Sinaitic script -> Proto-Canaanite script -> Phoenician script' should be accurate. The Phoenician letter comes from the Proto-Canaanite letter in image 5, which itself also represented [ʃ]. It looked a bit like a W turned anticlockwise. It came from the Proto-Sinaitic letter in images 6 and 7, which just looked like a W, which probably represented either [ʃ] or [θ] ('th' in 'think'). It's a bit disputed

One theory states that some sound changes led to [θ] being merged into [ʃ] at some point before the Phoenician language.

Why did that Proto-Sinaitic letter represent [θ] (or [ʃ])? Well, Proto-Sinaitic letters were assigned their sound and name based on the first sound of a Proto-Semitic root. They're acrophonic. This means that the only reason this letter had what sound it had (be that [θ] or [ʃ]) is that when the speakers translated the corresponding Egyptian hieroglyph into their Semitic language, the word started with that sound.

If we assume the letter represented [θ] back then, a theory that exists is that it came from the hieroglyph for 'breasts'. The translation of that into Proto-Semitic probably starts with a [θ] sound. However, there is also a strong association between that letter and the word for 'tooth', whose root does start with [ʃ]

Or, in short, the Ancient Greeks couldn't say sh so they said s

[boreal ingot]

read more, practise

[wraith python]

what is the difference between** empathy** and sympathy(i think they all mean to share feelings when someone's down)

[night token]

That's a lot of explaining

[boreal ingot]

The nature of the question necessitated that so leangthy an explanation be given

[verbal heron]

[night token]

If al-mutanabbi was still alive and was reading this, he would've aged a thousand year

[boreal ingot]

I answered the question you asked; I'm not sure what the issue is

[night token]

Nothing

[boreal ingot]

Great

[night token]

It's just too good

[still crescent]

:3

[boreal ingot]

:3 meow

[whole spire]

i have a course ( introduction to Language ) it focuses on Language evolution so if you know best references about it or any information , just write here

[jade frost]

Who is native english speaker tryna be friend and tlak more so i can improve my english im like intermediate

[night token]

Yo, I have a personal question for you

What's the most complex thing in english in your opinion?

Like a concept

Doesn't matter from where

Like is it from morphology or phonology or syntax or semantics or the fifth one which I always forget

[marble stump]

To my understanding, we feel sorry for what someone's going through, their pain but we are empathetic when we can feel their pain like our own and resonate their pain which can ease grief much better than being sympathetic...

[hybrid cobalt]

How can I learn words that don't show up so frecuently such as b2 words. I'm stock because of this issue I've got, is there anyone here that could help me with this issue? I would be glad if someone had the same problem and gives me some feedback about it.

[dense oasis]

I had the same problem, and I solved it by listening and reading more things about many different topics. For example I tried reading books, and this way I encountered a lot, lot, lot of words that I had never seen before

[opaque steppe]

Hello everyone

[real minnow]

Hi

[alpine jewel]

Hi

[balmy helm]

I am having trouble with present perfect tense. I don't know how I can use that tense. It says the event should be done in the past but the effect still continuous at present time

[boreal ingot]

I'm not really sure. Probably phonetics when it gets deep into acoustics. Or maybe syntax when they're explaining concepts that rely upon other concepts

[boreal ingot]

I think it's the opposite

[boreal ingot]

https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/sympathy-empathy-difference

If you feel their pain, that's empathy

If you understand their pain, that's sympathy

[west hazel]

Hello, Everyone

[low zephyr]

Yes

the present perfect tenses of a VERB are the ones used to talk about things which happened before the time you are speaking or writing but are relevant to the present situation, or things that began in the past and are still happening

Although, I must say it's far more useful to analyze and compare each verb on its own, say, in the past simple to its present perfect counterpart. Any that come to mind?

[night token]

I think it's fake/weak sources

[boreal ingot]

Wdym

[night token]

Like sometimes I see some sources that are a complete lie

[boreal ingot]

What does that have to do with the difficulty of acoustic phonetics though?

[night token]

Monkeys

[boreal ingot]

Are you here to troll or something

[night token]

No I'm being serious

Monkeys writing randomly and infinitely

[boreal ingot]

Ohh that concept

[night token]

English was made by them

[boreal ingot]

I don't think research papers in acoustic phonetics were written randomly, though. I just suck at acoustics

[night token]

Don't you think the amount of Latin that has entered the language had a significant impact on it

[boreal ingot]

Not really, English has an extensive history. Many things can be justified thereby, but, I suppose that to a modern speaker who's unaware of the history, it does seem unjustified

[boreal ingot]

Of course! It's just not so random as it might appear

I do think you've strayed from the initial question of the hardest subject, but I'm willing to discuss this as well

[night token]

I think its the history that is hard

Not enough research about the language

And other factors

They should make NASA research about it

[boreal ingot]

NASA doesn't specialise in linguistics 😔

[night token]

Instead of making big metal stuff go boom boom and brrr brr into black sky with white chickenpox

[night token]

But they're nerds

They can do it

[night token]

I have the weirdest ways to describe smth

[boreal ingot]

But yeah, the history is among the more confusing subjects. I personally like it though. It justifies why English is how it is. Normally the whys about English can be answered through history

[boreal ingot]

Certainly

You remind me of this fellow called Black Cat

[night token]

Arabic has a history so I don't have a problem with it

If everything was clear about the history then it will be easy to learn especially for beginners

It would be logical and logical stuff stays in the brain

[boreal ingot]

All languages have history

[night token]

Nuh uh

I'm talking about written ones

[boreal ingot]

Fair enough, but naturally irregularities arise. Such is the way of nature and language

Constructed languages are probably your only hope

[night token]

Irregularities is the reason why languages are special

[night token]

Toki pona

[boreal ingot]

Besides, what is logical in a language depends on your native language. A Finnish or Arabic person thinks it's logical to attach a suffix to indicate possession by a person ('kirja-ni', 'kitaab-ii') but that makes no sense to an English speaker ('my book'). Definite articles are absurd to Russians, but they make sense to the French and the English.

[verbal heron]

Yet-to-be-invented languages don't

[boreal ingot]

Those don't exist soo

[verbal heron]

[boreal ingot]

Smh

[night token]

Who said its a suffix?

We don't have that

We have a root pattern and a form pattern (mostly vowels)

Prefixes and suffix are either tools or prepositions or pronouns (when we parse them)

[night token]

Speed up the process?

[boreal ingot]

It's technically an enclitic pronoun, but, in this case, the effect is the same as that of a suffix indicating possession (it's a bound morpheme that attaches at the end of a noun). Instead of splitting hairs, my point was that this pattern of indicating possession is entirely unknown to a monolingual English speaker, or a speaker of some other language that doesn't use it. That is to say, what is 'logical' in language depends upon one's native language and isn't something intrinsic to a language

[maiden current]

is ''my heart stayed in ___ (eg. Madrid/Ankara)'' a viable expression? I've joined this discord server for the sole reason of finding out, since there aren't any online forums that talk about this specific thing/topic

tyy!

[dense oasis]

every language has a history

and every country would love to compete in saying "no, mine is the most traditional/the oldest/the most original", China could say that too, Egypt could point at the hieroglyphs etc

[boreal ingot]

There are English learning forums like WordReference and the ELL Stack Exchange.

The expression sounds fine. I think 'my heart belonged to [x]' might be a bit more common, but 'my heart stayed in [x]' particularly if you add 'behind' or emphasise that you left it there, can indicate more aptly the pain of separation

[maiden current]

ty for the insight! I was more so going for a ''oh, I still can't move on from this experience'' sort of vibe. It's not ''separation'' that I'm trying to emphasize, but an ineffable affinity toward said place

[boreal ingot]

Hm, I would personally say 'belongs to', then. I believe that that would make explicit that you feel strongly for this place

[low zephyr]

Hiii, you ever heard saying "by and by" to mean pronto?

Soon, in the near future, etc

[snow blade]

How do I save the name of the months in my mind ? im trying but its hard

[elder umbra]

If you are talking about the English months , you can learn them as a song. There's a "12 months of the year " song on YouTube .Try listening that a few times

[wraith python]

thanks!

[tall anchor]

what does kink means in non sexual context?

"Every imaginable kink has been worked out of those systems" like in here

[boreal ingot]

It has two meanings besides that one (which you could have looked up):

1. Knot, sharp turn, some sort of twist
2. An issue, a difficulty, something that hinders a plan, a complication

[rose pond]

How can l learn english

I have the basics and some words

Like listening and reading

I feel nervous when talking

i'll try thank you

[tall anchor]

[boreal ingot]

[tall anchor]

do u have dictionary reccs?

[boreal ingot]

Wiktionary, Cambridge Dictionary, and online scans of the Oxford English Dictionary's first edition (links to whose volumes you can find here: https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/metabook?id=newenglishdictionary)

[tall anchor]

didnt knew fmyh had dictionaries damn

[tall anchor]

good lord

how do u even find what youre looking for in there

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, I didn't either lol. This is pretty useful

[boreal ingot]

So do you know what alphabetic sorting is 😭

[tall anchor]

i mean still

[boreal ingot]

:3

Iss a bit cumbersome I suppose, but it works well enough

You could always pay for the OED subscription

That would be easier to use

But really, Wiktionary and Cambridge should serve you well; you can also check Merriam and Longman when in need

[tall anchor]

okey no more asking here

[boreal ingot]

I generally use the scans I linked to when I want to know a bit about the etymology or am curious how the pronunciation was transcribed in the early 1900s

Or when I really have no other option lol

I think she meant the scans, which are a bit annoying to navigate 😅

[tall anchor]

yep that looking to find "kink" now

how large is this pdf god

[boreal ingot]

true, but the Internet Archive doesn't always transcribe stuff properly. The word also can occur in other places in the dictionary (I was looking for the word 'influence' the other day, and many instances popped up. It was just quicker to flip to the page than to go through them)

Either way, annoying doesn't mean impossible. Anything for knowledge 💔

[tall anchor]

found kitten so far :3

[boreal ingot]

girl you can ask questions if you're confused I didn't mean to discourage you. Sorry

[boreal ingot]

wait

you're too far lol

you've skipped past 'kink' I think

[tall anchor]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1347584254132883557/1466892905992949865/Hj__Hgm3PYolavWKObsX1tZvOKafvZAOfiZOgOYp0EQ.gif

lol i can be kinda sensitive sowwy

[boreal ingot]

aw, I'm sorry 😅

I did not mean to hurt you. I understand it's often nice to have someone explain things to you, especially when you can ask them for clarification actively, which you can't really do to a dictionary. I ought to have considered that afore I told you that you could have looked the word up

[tall anchor]

now i feel bad

dw ill keep bugging u from time to time

pinky promise

[boreal ingot]

:D

[tall anchor]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1347584254132883557/1466899801919590574/6D8959CAD1BDC6D438C95CBF20EA964C_202x203.gif

[tall anchor]

what does to be ali of a place mean

net results are about ali ibn abi talib some muslim dude

u see i dont have anywhere else to ask

poor me

[boreal ingot]

Did you mishear/mis-transcribe 'ally'?

Otherwise, I don't see what it could be

[tall anchor]

i mean subtitles say ali too

https://aether.mom/media/tmdb-tv-1416-greys-anatomy/3718/64390 24:20

[boreal ingot]

This subtitiles are, like, really bad lol

He said, 'O'Malley, you think too much'

O'Malley is the other dude's name

oh wait, they're mistimed as well

he did not say that

[tall anchor]

no the one after that

the part where he says "im the ??? in this place"

[tall anchor]

[boreal ingot]

He's quoting this dude and saying that he is he. The fellow is a boxer

Not sure how that fits in the context, cuz I don't know the context

But it's not a fixed Englis expression

[verbal heron]

Did he say muhammad ali? 😆

[boreal ingot]

Hmm?

[tall anchor]

thats the thing it doesnt 😭

i thinks

OH IT DOES

YES

THATS IT

[boreal ingot]

Hmm

Pray

[tall anchor]

TYSM

[boreal ingot]

Oh! No problem :>

[tall anchor]

:3

[boreal ingot]

[verbal heron]

Well he was in a boxing stance at least

[forest spear]

😆

[gloomy ridge]

Hi All, has anyone tried AI English tutor apps?
I found one called Praktika and it seems good, but I’m not sure if it’s worth paying for.
I’m B1 level and want to build more confidence, improve daily conversation, and learn new vocabulary every day.
I also need something flexible and customizable for work and travel.
Any recommendations?

[tall anchor]

advertise somewhere else blud

no one wants your vibe coded app 💔

[gloomy ridge]

of course but time limiting me also I need to practice everyday with the flexibility of choose topics that fits to me and no one will decide to commit everyday practicing with me, I tried American Universty and private instructors and paid alot and didnt get that flexibility or practing everyday in my free time

[tall anchor]

@flat rune hes baiting brotha

ignore him

alr go on waste ur time

hell keep insisting ai is better

[gloomy ridge]

yea sure but I need someone to assist and correct me not same level you know ? I think its better for making a fast progress with a less time consuming due to my limited availavility due to work :

very expensive

and not every day available

like camply ?

its very expensive

in comparison to AI tutor

of course I need to deal with humans

to gain more features you must pay 😄

[gloomy ridge]

btw its not expensive but im asking for advice

not only for english ai tutor

[tall anchor]

i dont wanna pay humans lemme pay ai

[tall anchor]

told u

smh

[gloomy ridge]

so what its your advice for my situation 😄

[tall anchor]

textbooks

podcasts

humans

ikr they more than enough

[gloomy ridge]

can you send me some for references

[tall anchor]

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/home

[tall anchor]

this

[gloomy ridge]

Thanks guys

[civic storm]

Hello, I need to learn English.

[thorn condor]

it's fine to use AI for English learning, but it's not OK to rely on it as the only source of information or make it explain the grammar. however, it's great for generating simple sentences for a flashcard app, especially, when dictionaries don't have enough examples. plus, I think things like grammarly or ludwig might help you to improve your writing and they're more or less free

[shut plank]

How can i improve my listening?

[thorn condor]

I can give you a couple of handy resources, but the rest is up to you:

• test-english.com <- grammar/reading/listening exercises + explanations
• ankiweb.net - a flashcard app for expanding passive vocabulary. you can use my decks as a baseline https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/571799703. it's easier to use someone else's presets to build your own deck.
• vocabulary.com - etymology, example sentences, etc.
• oxfordlearnersdictionary - one of the best dictionaries I've ever used. the cambridge dictionary is my second favorite.
• ELSA - a pronunciation app powered by AI.

[craggy pasture]

Hi! i’m having some trouble with making sense of an essay that I have to do.

I understand what I need to do for the assignment but as I said i’m having trouble making sense of the first part, the wording has me a bit confused.

The part im having trouble with is “Using some, but not all, of the areas of inaccuracy as outlined in The Press Council of Ireland’s Accuracy Report, choose an Irish Crime….”.(rest of question that i understand)

Could someone please try word it better or differently for me so I understand it better?

Apologies if this is the wrong place for it, but I would really appreciate any help. Thank you!

[thorn condor]

try adapted audio books for your level, it should be enough in the beginning and then switch to tv shows with subs if you need them. plus, if you search on yt American/UK fast speech, I bet you find quite a few video lessons on how sounds blend in sentences when people talk really really fast

[civic storm]

Oh, thank you.

[reef notch]

Can someone explain what "whimsy" is to me?

[tall anchor]

arent those mf trained on whole annas archive 💔

https://tenor.com/view/cat-holding-head-cat-sad-cat-rahh-wahhhh-gif-11843610789762008433

[dense oasis]

they're trained on a lot of things, and yet, they can mess up the simplest things even if you use their paid versions

asking them some nerdy questions I just keep on seeing them fail, while they are kinda supposed to be a bookish nerdy perfection

[boreal ingot]

I checked The Press Council of Ireland's annual report from 2024, and they don't really have a dedicated section to 'areas of inaccuracy'. They don't seem to have a dedicated 'Accuracy Report' either, but they do note how many accuracy complaints were submitted at the beginning of the annual report. Perhaps they mean for you to meet the practice principles of The Press Council of Ireland regarding accuracy? In which case, here is what they say they uphold:

Here they mention how they deal with accuracy complaints: https://pressombudsman.ie/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Press-Council-Annual-Report-2024.pdf

[craggy pasture]

Thank you so much! I really appreciate your help with this

[tall anchor]

one of them insisted that cheetas are big cats

they literally meow

welpers

[boreal ingot]

?

[tall anchor]

nothing girl i just didnt want it to yk

how do i express myself here

[boreal ingot]

idk 😭

[tall anchor]

gets lost in our ai convo?

[boreal ingot]

ohh

get buried

thanks lol

[tall anchor]

this yep

[boreal ingot]

enfeebled with infirmities

What is the difference between 'with' and 'by' in this context?

[tall anchor]

@night token@dense oasis

u two seem smart people

[boreal ingot]

You have pinged the two worst people you could have pinged lol

[tall anchor]

[dense oasis]

worst or not smart

cuz that's a huge difference

[tall anchor]

darn it

[boreal ingot]

Nah you're smart, you just suck ass

[dense oasis]

Ah thanks

[tall anchor]

https://tenor.com/view/man-praying-black-man-praying-black-man-praying-and-crying-man-praying-and-crying-gif-23376408540985609

[night token]

Do you see me as an english scholar? I'm beefing with ancient Arabic scholars all the time, I'm too busy for that but if I have to say, I guess with is for instruments and by is the agent of the action

[boreal ingot]

I told you. The worst lmao

[tall anchor]

is there anyone else in here that can help tho

[night token]

I just answered

[boreal ingot]

I'm happy to wait girl, no need to ping anyone :p

You explained what 'with' and 'by' mean at the basal level

[tall anchor]

maybe messaging one of the teachers

[night token]

Dont need a smarty pants for that, you can see the meaning in a dictionary and even in wiki

[boreal ingot]

I can. However, that wasn't my question

Why did you ping this idiot, Astar

[tall anchor]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1347584254132883557/1466892905992949865/Hj__Hgm3PYolavWKObsX1tZvOKafvZAOfiZOgOYp0EQ.gif

well i cant unping him i thinks

[boreal ingot]

lmfao

[night token]

Scella thinks (s)he's tough

[tall anchor]

@night token begone

[boreal ingot]

Tough? That's not a quality I possess, no

I don't really feel like arguing with you though, so back to reading I go

[night token]

Isn't it rude to force your ignorant on men who are resting? And thinking you have a higher status, I'm not here to waste my time on words that enter the eyes not the ears, for who will act like this will never achieve something significant in his life

[tall anchor]

@boreal ingot genuinely sorry if he upset u btw

[boreal ingot]

You didn't at all

[tall anchor]

if i had known i wouldnt ping him enjoy your book sis

[night token]

Funny how you're picturing me as an evil man while I didn't do anything and don't have anything to do with y'all and yet you ping me from nowhere and y'all tell me I'm the worst?

[tall anchor]

alr im sorry if itll make u feel better

youre overreacting i didnt mean to annoy u

[night token]

I'm not sad and you don't need to be sorry, it's just childish in the first place, hope y'all enjoy y'all day and the book

[night token]

Online msgs don't show emotions so sometimes people misinterpret them

[tall anchor]

maybe

anyways have a good one

[boreal ingot]

enfeebled with infirmities

What is the difference between 'with' and 'by' in this context?

[visual umbra]

I guess, "enfeebled with infirmities" means that someone who is weak also has some illnesses, "enfeebled by infirmities" means that someone has been made weak by illnesses.

[digital vortex]

what is tung tung tung sahur in english

[ashen kite]

I think it’s just gibberish

[zealous apex]

I have a problem with the "Went word"

Whats the diffence between "I have gone there before" and "I went there before".

[halcyon harbor]

Then kill went

[static sorrel]

"Tung tung tung sahur" is a viral TikTok meme from 2025 originating in Indonesia/Malaysia, representing the sound of drums used to wake people up for sahur (the pre-dawn meal during Ramadan)"

Looks like it really is

[boreal ingot]

How did I never associate tung tung sahur with that meal lmao

I guess I saw it in brainrot enough to assume it was meaningless

Also, oddly, I always see it in Italian brainrot-type media, so the association was even weaker, given it's, yk, Italian brainrot

[static sorrel]

I've also read somewhere that it is Arabic or Turkish for something too

[static sorrel]

That's very understandable 😆

[boreal ingot]

I'm pretty sure 'tung' isn't Arabic, but yes, the Malay and Indo words come from Arabic

[static sorrel]

Aahh

[boreal ingot]

saḥuur = same meaning, the meal before fasting

[static sorrel]

Yeah, I had a look and it is associated with Arabic and Turkish because they're both Muslim so use the same word for the meal

[dense oasis]

there is, or more like, was, a language in china which was called "tangut"

but not tung something

[boreal ingot]

this seems irrelevant, cat 😭

[dense oasis]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangut_language

yeah extinct apparently

[boreal ingot]

sad

[dense oasis]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangut_script

they also created an entirely different script just based on Chinese characters

(what you see there are not chinese characters, they're all edited ones to create a new language)

so basically the eleventh-fifteenth century conlangers, except their spoken language was natural and not a conlang

[ripe kestrel]

What are the differences between "like" and "such as" ?

[boreal ingot]

In the context of presenting examples, I only sense a difference of register. 'Like' is quite informal in that sense, whilst 'such as' is acceptable in formal and academic parlance

[ripe kestrel]

So both are the same but like is informal and such as is formal

[boreal ingot]

Exactly

[ripe kestrel]

Thank you

[boreal ingot]

No problem

[verbal heron]

To me, "such as" is just a bit more careful; it's not overtly formal tho

Like when I'm talking to a friend and have to give some examples, then I'll just use like

Btw "such as" isn't uncommon in everyday english

People do use it

@ripe kestrel

[ripe kestrel]

Thank you

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, I said that it's acceptable in formal and academic usage, but I didn't say it couldn't be used casually. However, I see how it might be interpreted so and do think that I should have clarified

[thorn condor]

context is irrelevant to me, because when I learn a new word my aim is to memorize the common patterns: recommend somebody/something to somebody, recommend somebody/something for something/somebody, etc. and LLMs are superior at recognizing them and making flashcards according to my needs. plus, even if a word doesn't have enough examples in one particular source, LLMs will just pull out examples from somewhere else and provide you with links to the sources. at the end of the day I see them as glorified search engines, and the do their job relatively well. unless, you're running a local distilled LLM with quite limited capabilities.

[forest solar]

When the last of the human taught people die, the language will be whatever the machines show you.

🤖

[boreal ingot]

They're handy for finding books about particular subjects, quick recommendations and what have you, but otherwise I don't like using them for language-learning

[dense oasis]

well I'm an Anki user and I do believe in using Anki cards with context included in them

I'd never replace it with anything cuz nothing else helped me this much. But like, yeah, I also did listening and reading so... not only studying

It would feel pointless to me to just study and never even listen or read or anything. I felt the best results when I just noted things with context from stuff I listened/read

[boreal ingot]

Yea otherwise it's kinda like browsing a dictionary and only skimming the definitions

Kinda pointless

[low zephyr]

||To skim something = to glance over something, especially when reading||

[boreal ingot]

Indeed! Why'd you define it for me

[low zephyr]

I wanted to draw your attention. Now that I did, I wanted to ask you if you ever heard or read "by and by" to mean in the near future or soon

Example "He'll arrive by and by"

[boreal ingot]

I don't think I have seen that before

Apologies

Also, you can just ping me lol

[low zephyr]

Okay, no problem. Thank you anyways, reticent vampire

[arctic jasper]

oh hey you’re here too

[verbal heron]

@arctic jasper welcome!

[arctic jasper]

oh wow

we’ll see if i stick around here or not

[boreal ingot]

[arctic jasper]

i’m only really in the eq channels but it seems there’s only one here

[boreal ingot]

Not as much demand I suppose

[arctic jasper]

[arctic jasper]

it’s definitely rare
it also means eventually not soon

[low zephyr]

[arctic jasper]

for context i’m in the other english server too

[boreal ingot]

It seems both the sense Tony mentioned and that Hidnook mentioned are used (or, at least, defined in dictionaries). Here are various definitions I've managed to find, and they seem to vary between 'before long' (aka, soon) and 'eventually, at some point':

Before long, presently, soon, shortly.
After a short time.
After an indefinite period.
Before long; eventually.
After a short period.
Presently or eventually.
Before long, soon.
At some eventual time in the future

Sadly, most of the examples seem to me to be ambiguous without more context

@low zephyr

[low zephyr]

I get it 👍

I expect to come across it only in literature. I don't know if it's used in any other mediums than that nowadays

[boreal ingot]

I'm witnessing linguistic evolution, but, alack, it agonises me to see 'mediums'

[low zephyr]

Wdym with alack? And what would you say instead?

[boreal ingot]

Alack = Alas

'Media' is the traditional plural of 'medium'

Of course, language changes, so that 'octopuses' and 'cactuses' are correct

And 'mediums' might one day be too

Informally, it's fine to mess up your plurals in the way natives would, of course. I simply tend to uphold traditional pluralisation where I can

[low zephyr]

And what would its singular be then? Isn't it ambiguous otherwise?

[boreal ingot]

'medium' is singular

A medium through which something travels. Two media through which something travels

[low zephyr]

You're making it seem like they were not correct at some point, but I think they've been valid and used for a long time already

[boreal ingot]

'*Cactuses' has faced more pushback than 'octopuses', but, yes, they've been valid for quite a long time. I give them as an example of non-traditional plurals that have become standard. 'Mediums' has not reached their status

[low zephyr]

To me it sounds ambiguous, because media sounds singular, even though it syntactically is in the plural

Hence why I choose to say mediums

😭 Sorry, I'm having a bad day hahahah

[arctic jasper]

well there's also "the media" which is usually used in the singular

[arctic jasper]

octopuses is correct. octopi is a hypercorrection that assumes octopus is latin, which it isn't. cactuses...should be cacti

but yes, they've all been accepted plurals

octopuses and cacti and i will die on this hill

[boreal ingot]

The word 'medium' is weird in that its pluralisation depends on its meaning. Wiktionary lists these two senses (images 1 and 2) as taking a plural of 'mediums' (I had entirely forgotten about the latter; the former, I did not know). The line is also blurred regarding whether 'media' is a plural in modern English informally. The plural form of the word 'medium', you see, has come to be an uncountable noun of its own, referring to content generally, such as entertainment. In this sense, it will take singular verbs, as uncountable nouns do:

National media is broadcast by [x].
(N.B., 'is broadcast', not 'are broadcast')
Mainstream media is overstimulating.
(N.B., 'is overstimulating', not 'are overstimulating')

Therefore, given it means something adjacent to 'content' and is uncountable, it might follow a pattern like this in your sentence: 'Any other forms of media', 'Any other types of media', 'Any other kind of media', etc.

'Media', qua a word meaning 'content', through deriving from a plural form, has come to generally be treated as an uncountable noun in modern times. However, this doesn't mean the countable noun 'medium' and its plural, 'media', are no more. In other meanings, they still thrive particularly in scientific and academic contexts.

You will commonly encounter 'media' as the plural form of 'medium' when the word is used in most of its countable scientific senses:

1. Sound waves can travel through various media.
2. The media have been prepared such that they are conducive to microbial growth.
3. Basal media are the most common type of cell culture media. For this reason, these media provide the essential nutrients required for cell growth.
   (I stole the third quote from an online article)

In less formal senses, like ones relating to art and social media, you'll see both 'media' and 'mediums'. However, a copyeditor would certainly change many such instances. I'd recommend sticking to 'media' in the uncountable senses, 'medium' in the singular, and 'media' in the plural, scientifically and formally. Informally, go wild. When using it in the sense of 'someone who can communicate with the dead; someone who has spiritual powers', always use 'mediums' for the plural. Generally, if the word refers to a more concrete entity, it's more likely to be pluralised as 'mediums'. 'Medias' is never acceptable, as far as I am aware. Note the usage of 'media' as a collective noun describing news agencies, and such can be used with either a plural or a singular verb. I believe Brits are more inclined to use notional agreement (that is, if the noun refers to one organisation or group, but the person is thinking of it as several people, they will conjugate the verb in the plural [and use 'they' instead of 'it' for the group]: 'The band is cool' -> 'The band have really cool guitars' [instead of 'has']). I'm not certain this is the case with 'media', but I know I've heard both 'the media is' and 'the media are' quite often when referring to news agencies.

Image 3, Garner found 'Mediums' acceptable in very few contexts.
Image 4, Fowler's does not have as much to say about the word as Garner, but the insights are useful regardless.
Image 5, the Associated Press only comments on the verb agreement for the 'news agency'-ish meaning.
Image 6, Fowler's is likewise concise in its treatment of the plural of 'medium'.

It's quite confusing, to be honest. I expect that, eventually, through the decline of literacy and through the hesitance that some might feel when the plural 'media' is in order, the word might be restricted to uncountable contexts, and 'mediums' might become more widely applied. However, that day is not today, and we must suffer the insensibility of this accursed, pastiche, mongrel tongue of ours.

Good luck, @low zephyr.

[boreal ingot]

So the word is Greek

It gets 'Octopodes' (stress on the o in bold)

Octupuses is correct for all intents and purposes though

But I stick to my guns and use 'Octopodes'

lmfao

[arctic jasper]

and that's accepted too!

[boreal ingot]

Same thing with 'Clitoris' to 'Clitorides'. I can't find any IPA transcriptions of this one though, so I'm not sure how to say it. I'm guessing 'clitorides', though

[arctic jasper]

I'd recommend sticking to 'media' in the uncountable senses, 'medium' in the singular, and 'media' in the plural, scientifically and formally. Informally, go wild. When using it in the sense of 'someone who can communicate with the dead; someone who has spiritual powers', always use 'mediums' for the plural.
yep i agree with this

[boreal ingot]

It's by no means natural to me to use these plurals, but a bit of affection never hurt anyone when it hasn't lead to a haughty attitude

[arctic jasper]

(the events in this server are wild)

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, they really are engagement baiting 😭

[boreal ingot]

Hmm, is this meaning of 'affection' archaic? Would that be 'affectation' now?

I mean the fact of affecting something, aka, putting it on

[arctic jasper]

i think so

[boreal ingot]

Thank youu

[pallid dome]

Hi everyone
One question: chunks of languages are very important?

[arctic jasper]

what do you mean by “chunks”?

[boreal ingot]

Syllables? Morphemes? Phonetic segments? Idiomatic phrases??

They could even mean phonemes, or graphemes

[verbal heron]

Makes sense yeah

Or maybe set phrases too

[verbal heron]

[verbal heron]

"affection" has an older sense in which it means "affectation"?

Damn

[boreal ingot]

I do believe so

I use it as my go-to way of nominalising 'to affect' in its various senses, including the sense of 'to put on, to dawn, to fake', but I believe that particular sense gets to use 'affectation' instead of 'affection', for whatever reason. It used to be jus 'affection' though

[verbal heron]

Nothing wrong with that but now "affection" is overwhelmingly used in only one sense

I could be wrong tho

[arctic jasper]

well it’s the same with awesome and awe-inspiring

[verbal heron]

Ah

Is it?

[arctic jasper]

one word’s meaning changed too much so there’s another word to compensate for the lost meaning

affection as in fondness stemmed from affecere, to act on, and originally meant desire/inclination/emotion. affectation evolved in a different direction

[verbal heron]

Do they have the same root?

[arctic jasper]

yeah ad (to) facere (make/do)

[arctic jasper]

actually in my research they diverged in latin too

affectionem: disposition/temporary state
affectātiōn: striving after, simulation

M-W

The two verbs meaning affect took different etymological paths from the same origin. The posturing sense of affect derives via Middle English and Anglo-French from the Latin affectāre, meaning "to try to accomplish, strive after, pretend to have." Affectāre is the frequentative derivative of afficere, which means "to produce an effect on, exert an influence on" and gives us the sense we speak of when we are talking about affection.

[boreal ingot]

Ohh, fascinating

Thank you

I guess the usage of 'affection' with the meaning of 'affectation' was coined in English? The OED does have it as a sense for the word

[arctic jasper]

then perhaps

[boreal ingot]

It does call it rare, though. Not 'archaic' or 'obsolete', interestingly

[arctic jasper]

maybe people like you hypercorrecting? who knows

or it once was a synonym but poorly documented

[arctic jasper]

hypercorrect? overgeneralize? i know the latter is used for children but do they actually mean the same thing?

oh overgeneralization is unconscious

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, I imagine any modern usages are generalisations of the meaning of 'affection' or emulative of older speech. But I wouldn't be surprised if it was just modelled after 'affection' originally: 'affect + -ion'

[boreal ingot]

I don't think hypercorrection applies here? Not sure what to call it, but hypercorrection is the misapplication of a rule in an attempt to be correct

[verbal heron]

Like, say, some people use "whom" incorrectly?

Instead of "who"?

[arctic jasper]

like “whom is coming to the party”

[boreal ingot]

Or 'whom I wish to be'

[verbal heron]

Yeah

[arctic jasper]

in their defense, “i wish to be him” is more accepted nowadays than “i wish to be he”

[boreal ingot]

That is true. It did cross my mind to mention that it was rather prescriptivist to call that incorrect

Although I do think people are still less inclined to use 'whom' with 'be' than they are other oblique pronouns

Whom are you?
Sounds quite bad

[verbal heron]

And “modern english is simple”

This one too

[arctic jasper]

modern english is so many centuries

[boreal ingot]

I can never remember when Early Modern English is said to have started

Was it the Early 1500s?

[arctic jasper]

late 15th i think

so late 1400s

[boreal ingot]

ohh, much earlier than I thought 😅

[arctic jasper]

the printing press was 1475?

[verbal heron]

That's true but they use it to mean "modern vernacular english" too

[arctic jasper]

‘76 close enough

EME still had thou

[verbal heron]

40

[arctic jasper]

late modern english is around the industrial revolution i think

[arctic jasper]

in europe

[verbal heron]

Oh

[boreal ingot]

I think I'll manage to remember the cutoff points better now that you've mentioned the printing press and the Industrial Revolution

Thank you!

[golden wing]

Hello everyone who can say me when need used present perfect time in English?

[iron wolf]

Good afternoon, everyone. I’m looking to connect with someone fluent in refined British English, with whom I can practise in order to perfect my pronunciation and improve my natural flow.

[tall anchor]

welpers what does vampiring billionairely across the room mean

[crisp monolith]

how can i know what is my level in English speaking (A1 ,A2, ......,f3 fluent)?

[tall anchor]

f3?

[dense oasis]

I suppose it might refer to the stereotype, which comes from movies and books, that vampires are supposedly some very rich creatures that have a lot of money and gold and all that, so not only do they drink blood, they also financially exploit the entire society. That's why vampiring, probably "being like a vampire, acting like a vampire" and that's why billionaires are mentioned

[dense oasis]

f levels don't exist

[tall anchor]

i wasnt serious lol

[tall anchor]

hmmmm

[dense oasis]

as a 200cm big black dude I confirm, she looked exactly like me, the girl reading this

[tall anchor]

damn always thought u a white girl

https://tenor.com/view/man-praying-black-man-praying-black-man-praying-and-crying-man-praying-and-crying-gif-23376408540985609

[dense oasis]

I'm a white guy lol

Not a girl

[boreal ingot]

Voice channel names

They think that the channels are the actual levels. But the channels have 'C3' for some reason and 'F1' to 'F3'

I think the creators wanted more VCs but couldn't be bothered to check what levels were extant or number the VCs differently

[arctic jasper]

yeah as i was going through the channels i thought that was weird

[boreal ingot]

Yea

[boreal ingot]

Lmfao 😭 Beautiful

[verbal heron]

I hope they won't think that these channels are CEFR levels too

[dense oasis]

super shy is the CEFR level for those who first whisper "it's your time, satan will welcome you soon" to old grandmas on a bus, and then when they get off the bus they feel too shy to say "goodbye" to the driver

I've been there myself

A very dark place to be in

[boreal ingot]

What is the difference between 'Veracious' and 'Veridical'?

[arctic jasper]

veracious: honest
veridical: accurate

[boreal ingot]

Veridical, not verifical

[arctic jasper]

typo

[boreal ingot]

oh, I see

[boreal ingot]

Hmm, so 'veracious' means 'without falsehood' whilst 'veridical' means 'accurate' (without any implication of falsehood)?

falsehood as in deceptively false things, not simply untrue things

[arctic jasper]

yeah, accurate or at least based in truth

[inland compass]

How do you stay motivated to study?

[sudden knot]

Where can I find a place or website that provide english learning materials for a beginner to advance

[verbal heron]

Makes perfect sense and what are shy and a really shy?

[verbal heron]

On the internet

[ornate edge]

hi

[hybrid cobalt]

Understand B2 English level but still struggling with uncommon phrasal verbs, what can I do?

I want to prepare myself to course First exam but I don't know what kind of phrasal verbs are going to show up at reading, listening moment time.

Could anyone help me to walk through the right path?

[distant scaffold]

Hey guys what important tips on essays you guys have

I am native but like I wanna write good aswell, so any important tips or like key things to notice

[nova egret]

hello people

how do i get better at the IELTS speaking section? I have been to an IELTS class of sorts, and the instructors there gave me a speaking band of 5.5 after listening to me speak

[nova egret]

I have problems with coming up with vocabulary and complex sentence structures on the fly, because I am stuck most of the time coming up with ideas that I cannot form high band sentences

[halcyon temple]

hi

[sand bone]

Hello, i’m new here, i would need an someone who speaks good English english to talk to for about 10 ~ 15 min. I’m studying journalism in france and i need to train for interview so the topic will be political. I also will record the interview in case your not ok with it. I don’t really know where to write this so i just post it there.

[halcyon harbor]

I am sorry i am normal

[sand bone]

it's ok if you're able to make answer and understand my question

[dense oasis]

welcome 🎉

[dense oasis]

I used to have the same problem, and sometimes it even comes back haunting me again, but eventually I noticed that I started to somehow... recall, many words and phrases, way faster, when I actually started listening to things in English more regularly. Especially long form stuff like podcasts. It did take some time for sure but I don't regret that. And I did also note down the most important things to me, new things, things I kept on forgetting

I feel like if I had not done any of that, I would still struggle severely, instead of "sometimes forgetting some things a tiny bit" like now (and probably also in the future lol)

I always want to somehow say "I did nothing and it all happened, it's easy" but in reality I have realized that the only path has been the time-consuming one

[boreal ingot]

What is the difference between 'quixotic' and 'pollyannaish'?

[minor basin]

@idle spire please reply me.

[trim horizon]

Quixotic refers to impractical and unrealistic things. like i can touch the sun .And the Pollyannaish is like finding the good side of everything and ignore the bad one. For example, you will be alright although he is suffering from a terrible disease.

[hybrid cobalt]

I need to prepare myself for the First English exam from Csmbridge Exam. I have looked for a course+exam in 12months of studying but my free time nor my days off fit in the schedules the academies offerd to me so I need to prepare myself autodidactically no matter how long studying alone takes.

If anyone is interested to help me ( since I'm not aware about the material they use for the exam at all) by deliverying councels, feedbacks, studying material, I would be glad about it. For real getting the B2 English certificate would define my future, economical stability, phisical health, mental health and so. I'm strongly convinced I could reach to B2 in a year, I just need to learn what gets you prepepared for the exam.

[tall anchor]

can you name some of those podcasts?

[native forge]

When stuttering in text, do you keep the letter capitalized if it's the first of a sentence?
H-Hello... or H-hello...

[supple holly]

From the Chicago Manual of Style

personally, I feel like capitalizating it just looks better

[obsidian sentinel]

Hi. Sentences like "completely love" or "completely peace" it sounds odd???? Example: He coudn't get completely love (He coudn't get complete love). Or they are understandable used in music/poems? https://www.amazon.es/Completely-Peace-漓光/dp/B0C7HK2DPM

[supple holly]

it's probably an intentional mistake

[buoyant gulch]

She learned that she was adopted.
In this sentence, what part of speech is “that.” I see it as a subordinating conjunction but my teacher constantly stresses to the class that this is a relative pronoun.

[buoyant gulch]

What about this: He said that it was hot.

This does not seem like a relative pronoun either

I asked myself this

And it didnt replace anything

I think my teacher just made a mistake

Thanks

[boreal ingot]

They're typically called 'Subordinating conjunctions' and 'Subordinators', not 'Subordinative conjunctions'

[faint pine]

Hey everyone, I have a question I disagreed with my friend about. Can I use the word "what" when I say, "What things do you want in the account you want to buy?" Here we're talking about a PUBG game account.

[gilded cradle]

yes, you can use 'what' there. It’s grammatically correct, but 'what things' sounds a bit repetitive

a more natural way to say it would be 'what do you want in the account?' or 'what features are you looking for?'

^^

[verbal heron]

Come on, they're just talking about a game account

[supple holly]

Your teacher needs to go back to school

[dusty zephyr]

Hi everyone, I need an English teacher because I don't know it very well and I'm from another country.

[supple holly]

I can help you for the low low price of $69 an hour

[buoyant gulch]

If pronouns are a replacement of a noun, why are they not considered nouns? Why do they have their own part of speech?

[marsh totem]

How to learn english vocabularies efficiently and easily?

[tall anchor]

whats the difference between a member of parliament and a representative

[tall anchor]

books

[dense oasis]

I can pay you $100 an hour but you need to strip naked and dance

[dense oasis]

this is going to depend on the country, every country has a different government. But if we think about the US, America has no parliament. Therefore it has no parliament members

it has representatives, or just "congressmen" and "congresswomen"

they all form the so-called House of Representatives, so United States Congress

and they vote

and create "bills" (so laws)

So as far as I know, european countries and also Japan and South Korea and Taiwan, all have parliaments and parliament members

they vote which law should be passed etc

[dense oasis]

therefore the difference is totally geography-dependent

depends on the country lol

for example americans don't have members of parliament, that's for sure, but have representatives/congressmen

If you want a juicy steak of an example, then american representatives/congressmen can actually decide if the president declares a huge war. They can vote, massively, that no, and president can not do that

if the president tries to do that, americans say he can be "impeached" so special people will start discussing whether to actually get rid of him or not. If the president doesn't care at all and sends military without "congressional approval", that's unlawful, also can be impeached and potentially even removed from power

[dense oasis]

so: the country in which they exist. If it's america then it's "a representative" or "a congressman/congresswoman". If it's some other country, then, depends on the country, most likely "a parliament member", similar to american idea of representatives

You can also see "The Speaker" or "The Speaker of the Parliament". This usually exists in European countries, not sure where else, but that's the guy who lets others speak, tells them "your time is out" etc etc, so makes sure they discuss properly

[tall anchor]

ohhhh kind of guessed that it was an american eu thingy but thought they could be somewhat different

[tall anchor]

well they dont do that neow though

trump has to serve life sentence

[dense oasis]

they do consider impeachment, but it would be like... the fourth? the third one now? And so far he has not been removed from power at all. Previous ones happened during his first term after 2016

but, that's a different story, america is in an extremely difficult situation so we will see what happens... lol

[tall anchor]

i wouldnt keep my hopes up

[tall anchor]

its not like this dude descended from the sky or sum american elected him

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/852826629059379230/1474385019840761951/feet-up-chillin.gif

[dense oasis]

I definitely keep my hopes up, I am almost entirely positive in terms of that. Unfortunately they won't have Bernie Sanders (one of the loudest anti-trump voices ever, he is a congressman) running in 2028, since he is too old. But maybe AOC, so Aleksandra Ocazio-Cortez. Or maybe other democrats. Hopefully someone with a lot of... hm... charisma. I think the population is already mostly fed up with the republican party after what happened to Medicaid cuts, Minnesota raids, and Greenland drama lmao

[tall anchor]

its only been one year who knows what will he do in the next three

i hope he wont get to see those but

[dense oasis]

right. I don't know. I have no idea

if you are curious then there is a guy, very strongly anti-trump too, named Zohran Mamdani. the new mayor of new York. But he won't be the president, since he was born outside of america. He does seem to be extremely convincing to so many people so maybe, maybe he would help in electing someone very anti-trump

[tall anchor]

best of luck for democrats i sincerely hope im wrong and they do get the office back

[tall anchor]

i know about him lol

sweet man

[dense oasis]

yeah ive watched the mayoral race and all the debates

of him

#freezeRent #makeBusesFastAndFree

so on

Kinda cool. Recently New York has seen an extremely strong blizzard, a lot of wind and heavy snow, and he, for the first time in decades, started hiring people to shovel snow and paying them way more than they were ever paid before in previous years

[tall anchor]

heartwarming truly i hope they give him some department in 28

do u think he can actually make nyc affordable?

i mistrust all politicans and believe they all liars

also personally think not even god itself can make nyc affordable

[dense oasis]

I think it would be difficult. But I also think he can generally make it at least a bit more affordable than it used to be

[tall anchor]

well fair enough

[dense oasis]

I generally feel like... this is a larger cultural issue. People subconsciously agree to assign higher prestige to rich people, large business owners, so on, and laugh at cleaners, street sweepers, mcDonalds workers etc. And I think this is the core of the problem, that people value money over humans. And think money equals god, nothing other than that. Mamdani is brave enough to deny all of that and say that no, it's not, you don't have to be rich to live properly and with dignity. But how far can he go, if the entire country doesn't believe that? He convinced so many. But for what period of time. And how will the large businesses try to stop people like him in the future

every country believes in capitalism nowadays but you know, there are degrees to that. Like how much capitalism do you want to have. Because american idea of capitalism does not even include free public healthcare, this exists in many European countries, exists even in... South Korea, and Koreans are extremely capitalistic

I think it's a large cultural shift to have someone like him in America

People will need to learn from him, watch his actions, learn that he actually does good things. And learn to think differently

[tall anchor]

people need revolution like they need to reform their whole system

mamdani wont live enough to lead it

maybe we wont too

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1347584254132883557/1466892905992949865/Hj__Hgm3PYolavWKObsX1tZvOKafvZAOfiZOgOYp0EQ.gif

[dense oasis]

i believe that revolution eats its own children and leads to even bigger problems so I would disagree. But yes it sounds very romantic. Large fires, rich CEOs paying with their blood, etc

[tall anchor]

revolution doesnt always lead to anarchy

[dense oasis]

I guess. I don't know what's gonna happen there. But it is already shocking that the richest country in the world has no free healthcare system, but smaller ones have it

[tall anchor]

how do u think they got to be the richest

[dense oasis]

blood

[tall anchor]

yep

[dense oasis]

lol

[tall anchor]

our blood in particular

not epstein classes blood

well not ours actually we not american

suckers

[dense oasis]

I like one quote from Bernie Sanders, a pretty unusual american politician, of polish ancestry (I'm polish so that's cute to me lol). The quote is:
"We are living in the richest country in the history of the world, in which the richest people have never ever had it so good. We live in unprecedented times"

I value him a lot cuz he tried to... well, prevent pretty much almost every major american war. And especially the war against Vietnam

needless to say, the war was not stopped, millions of vietnamese had to pay with their lives

[dense oasis]

Depends on how you view it. If you have some McDonalds or other american corpos there, then in a way they just suck worker's blood by underpaying them. And that's what America agrees for

In a more physical sense, there was the Afghanistan war, and many polish soldiers fought on the side of America. So yeah. An article 5 of NATO was invoked, at that time. So in a way, despite not being american, other people fought in America's favour

Anyway that's too long

[dense oasis]

but I'm glad I could answer 🫡

[supple holly]

writes 1000 word long in-depth explanation about topic
"Anyway that's too long"

most dedicated member of EngHub

[dense oasis]

I sent you a cool reel on insta, check the latest one. It's a banger

[supple holly]

if it's not I'm deleting the app

[supple holly]

@dense oasis you are so ale bydle for this

[dense oasis]

for what

[supple holly]

I'm stealing this

[supple holly]

the text wall above

[dense oasis]

so that's bad?

[supple holly]

it's good

I thought it was a good phrase

[dense oasis]

well it can be whatever you want it to be, bydle just means a monster

[red tartan]

Who help me in English?

[buoyant gulch]

Of all days, Monday is the worst.

What kind of phrase is “Of all days?”
I was thinking it was an adverb phrase modifying “is”

[round falcon]

It's an adverbial fronted prepositional phrase that modifies the entire sentence

[buoyant gulch]

Whats it called when it modifies an entire clause? I have not practiced with adverbials that modify entire clauses.

[round falcon]

Adjunct or Clausal adverbial

[boreal ingot]

Stay away from greenland you cunts I don't want that beautiful country and WONDERFUL language corrupted by Americans 💔

[verbal heron]

Never should the Greenlanders let that orange man set foot on their holy land

[boreal ingot]

When an adverbial modifies an entire clause/sentence, it is called a disjunct or sentence adverbial (you might also hear sentential adverbial). However, I think what's going on in your sentence is different. 'of all days' is a topicalised (fronted) prepositional phrase functioning as an adadjectival adjunct to 'worst'. I'm not sure exactly what the rules for fronting adjuncts are, but this doesn't seem like an unreasonable analysis.

Monday is the worst of all days.

Of all days, monday is the worst ___.

I suppose it could also be a topicalised adnominal adjunct modifying 'Monday':

Monday of all days is the worst.

Of all days, Monday ___ is the worst.

I'm not sure which is more sound, since I'm not the most syntactically inclined, but I am fairly certain the phrase isn't modifying the entire sentence

If you want to learn more about disjuncts, there is this great article: https://teflconcourse.com/training/inservice/phrases_clauses_sentences/disjuncts

[tall anchor]

ive always said out of all that alr too right

[boreal ingot]

what does this sentence mean ? 😭

[tall anchor]

for example "out of all days" instead of "of all days"

is that correct too

[tall anchor]

ive always said "out of all" mb mb

[boreal ingot]

It doesn't sound incorrect, but it sounds emphatic to me

Like you're adding extra emphasis on the fact that there are many/several days

and that from all of them, Monday is the worst

But yes, it's correct

[tall anchor]

but not the same

hmmm

i see

[boreal ingot]

Generally the same meaning, just more emphasis

[tall anchor]

fair enough ty sis

[boreal ingot]

You're welcome

[willow dawn]

@boreal ingot is there any resource to learn the entire grammar? I get tenses preposition and verbs, i can speak fluently but there are times when i want to explain something but i can't...

Explain something to the other person..that is

They ask why its "annoyed" and not "annoying"

[boreal ingot]

Look things up on the English Stack Exchange and read the Oxford Modern English Grammar. If you understand the concepts but don't know how to simplify them, I can't help much with that, though, because I personally struggle to do so too

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, a better understanding of grammar might help you explain that. It has to do with present participles functioning actively and past participles functioning passively when used adjectivally

[willow dawn]

English.stackexchange.com is the correct source is it?

[boreal ingot]

Yup, https://english.stackexchange.com/

There is also an English Learning Stack Exchange, but I like that on less, personally

There is a linguistics one as well, if you're getting into the nitty-gritty of phonology and syntax

[willow dawn]

Exactly! So as you said "participles" it could be either super beginner level or advanced. I don't know. I should Checkout Oxford Modern Eng Grammar for it?

[boreal ingot]

Yup! You should also check Wikipedia pages. They are very useful for such things

Because, in syntax, various theories give various definitions, and Wikipedia gives a general overview thereof

[willow dawn]

I will be right back!

[sour lantern]

Hello

[boreal ingot]

And, while I wouldn't recommend them for in-depth linguistic research, random online articles do explain these concepts simply

[boreal ingot]

Hi

[sour lantern]

Elating day, is it not?

[boreal ingot]

I can't say my own has been so, but it's lovely yours has. If you'd like to converse generally, not about English, check out #💭｜general and #🫂｜beginner-chat

[sour lantern]

I understand

[willow dawn]

Fairly speaking, i just want enough understanding of grammar so i can be confident in explaining such concepts

Thank you so much for your help today, Scella. Pleasure talking to you

[tall anchor]

anyone knows how i can pirate oxford books?

the one im looking for only has scanned versions in annas archive

[boreal ingot]

Isn't that what you want?

[tall anchor]

nop i want to print them and work on them

they got like stains and stuff

[boreal ingot]

Oh, try seraching the name of the book but put 'type:pdf' at the end of your search

[tall anchor]

https://reader.z-library.sk/read/583ca218caed287f6e6493eeec77980f5ed40bd0f776fd058989149a85249b36/book/4zOogqE7OQ/oxford-practice-grammar-advanced-sb.html?client_key=1fFLi67gBrNRP1j1iPy1&extension=djvu&signature=6ddabfde11434f07c8e431a1057e544cd8c4a2b12ac90b3a4af86731529c53f4

u see

i cant work on this

[boreal ingot]

I've looked around for others but I can't find anything much better tbh

[willow dawn]

Are you a native Scella?

[boreal ingot]

Nope

[willow dawn]

How did you learn English? Self taught?

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, mostly self-taught. They did teach us the very basics at school, though

[willow dawn]

Interesting. Do you speak any other languages?

Oh! I got It. While learning a new language, i believe its very important to have a good why

Still, Good luck to you on your journey!

Quite interesting pfp, i must say

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, that is true. A good motivator ought to expedite one's learning. I don''t have any great reason though

[tall anchor]

woah really i always wanted to learn arabic

[boreal ingot]

Thank you! The name of the artist is in my bio

[tall anchor]

where are u from exactly

fair enough

[willow dawn]

Oh, I'm good with my cute adorable duck but good work artist

[tall anchor]

levantine?

[boreal ingot]

Good luck if you decide to! I think you were Turkish? There is a decent amount of loan words, so that should help you, but the grammar is entierly different

[boreal ingot]

Lovely duck you've got, good sir

[tall anchor]

i was hoping to enroll in a language school in jordan this summer

[willow dawn]

Its also ranked as Category V in F.S Language Learning. One of the most difficult amongst korean, japanese & cantonese!
@tall anchor

If you do learn it, it'be very sick!

[tall anchor]

i dont think loan words will be much help but ill be using a lot of yani there

[boreal ingot]

That is based on English speakers' ability to learn it, though

[tall anchor]

thats if youre native english speaker

[boreal ingot]

How difficult a language is depends on one's linguistic background

[willow dawn]

Good catch, but if my native is Hindi. I'd be starting from scratch either way?

It's funny..my English is better than my native...

[tall anchor]

for turks japanese and korean isnt that hard

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/852826629059379230/1474385019840761951/feet-up-chillin.gif

[willow dawn]

Is that so? Well, Good luck learning Arabic

haha

[tall anchor]

i love challenges

[willow dawn]

Great Great! Me too

[tall anchor]

learn finnish

[willow dawn]

I'm doing korean

[tall anchor]

how is it going

[willow dawn]

Pretty well!

[tall anchor]

i found the book i was after btw scella tysm ily

[willow dawn]

happy learning!

later Astar

[boreal ingot]

Have you figured out the tense consonant series?

I've always thought it fascinating and could never quite replicate it

Although I hate all the nasal and liquid assimilation that goes on in Korean, because it's not enough to know the sound of every character, you have to know and apply the sound change rules depending on its phonemic environment, and if I'm not mistaken, these sound changes can impact comprehensibility, so it's not a 'yoyu'll sound slightly non-native' matter

[boreal ingot]

this is what I mean by the tense series

[willow dawn]

be back in a minute!

[boreal ingot]

alrighty!

[willow dawn]

by 'tense consonant' i believe you're talking about 'double consonants', which there are five of!(Correct me if i am wrong)

I don't know what you exactly mean by "nasal and liquid assimilation"

Sound Rule Changes do exist, there are quite a few! However, as Billy Go explained them he said, they will become natural the more we speak.

[verbal heron]

We all do, don't we? Until we get demotivated

[willow dawn]

When you both mentioned linguistic background matters, there is some truth to it. Since I know Hindi as a child. There are a lot of sounds that help me read the 한글 (hangul) alphabet easily compared to English. Though i am trying to understand han-gul as it is!

[willow dawn]

you're right! The hardest part is going through the boring repetition of doing the same work again & again

[willow dawn]

Let me Guess "nasal and liquid assimilation" as in- making the sound with force (air coming out from the mouth)?

[boreal ingot]

yea, they're represented as doubled, but they're articulated slightly differently from the other two sets. 'Tense' is just the term phonologists of Korean use for them. I also remember that these have become more like the unaspirated set for some younger speakers, and that most of the phonemic distinction is based on the pitch of the following vowels

Nasal assimilation rule is when an obstruent is followed by a nasal, it becomes a nasal /k.m/ -> /ŋ.m/, /p.n/ -> /m.n/, etc.

The lateralisation rule is when /n/ abutting /l/becomes /l/. Like {/n.l/, /l.n/} -> /l.l/

The rules seem a bit more complicated, but I don't have them all memorised, to be honest. It's just something learners frequently misapply or don't apply, and which impacts how comprehensible they are. There is also the whole thing where vowels make the consonant preceding them sound fairly different, and how other clusters (besides ones involving nasals or /l/) change the realisation of consonants too. But this is mere allophony, and I doubt it affects comprehensibility too much, unlike the nasalisation and lateralisation rules

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, you're able to distinguish aspirated and unaspirated consonants MUCH better than any English speaker ever could

ㅂ vs ㅍ and that sort of thing. The degree of aspiration might differ from Hindi प vs फ, but it's the same distinction fundamentally

I have never considered how a Hindi speaker might have an easier time with Korean phonology because of that, but it makes a lot of sense

[willow dawn]

Hahah. I know right. The first time i actually realised it's the similar sounds..i picked up my grade 1 Book.

But i am quite amazed, you have plethora of knowledge across various languages

[boreal ingot]

I'm just a bit of a nerd 😅

[willow dawn]

I'll be honest, i didn't understand half of it. I'll need my Gpt to simplify it hahaha

[boreal ingot]

Although I suck at memorising scripts, so don't think I just knew those characters. I went looking for them and copied them to explain this

[boreal ingot]

Lmao fair enough. I'm belching phonology argot at you 😭 Sorry

I've just never met anyone learning Korean, and I was curious how you were dealing with these difficulties

Cuz I was so confused on my first read through the Wikipedia article about Korean phonology

[willow dawn]

You know, nerds like you are some of the most interesting people to talk to

[willow dawn]

So far, i can read 한글 and speak a lot of broken sentences. But as i upgrade, I'll keep you updated!

[boreal ingot]

alrightyy, that sounds fun :>

Good luckk!

[willow dawn]

Thank you!! It was an amazing conversation with you! Mind if I add you as a friend, Scella?

Good luck learning Finnish & Swedish! I am sure you'll do great

[boreal ingot]

Thank you! I did say 'or', but it'll probably be Finnish (?). It's between the relative ease of learning another Germanic language that being an English speaker affords me, and the actual interest I have in Finnish grammar lol

Regardless, sitting down and actually reading a Finnish grammar book fully seems to be an impossible task What with my high distractibility. So progress has been glacial, I fear

[willow dawn]

I believe you can do it! Keep it like a hobby and do the bare minimum (on bad days) to keep yourself in the loop. Once again, Cheers & Good luck

[dense oasis]

youre addressing the wrong person, poland would have to send defense to Greenland if it got attacked by anyone lmao. not defense for the americans

[night token]

Isn't this for english questions

Why y'all talking about Poland

Did Germany do sth?

[boreal ingot]

I have no idea why I said 'you' like you were a representative of the Americans. I just meant Americans lmao

[tall anchor]

would you fight for greenland

i found something btw https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/187inTnflVNW6CotOyPtj40Ab12uRm78ibFplOjYOHSA/edit?gid=1280794865#gid=1280794865

[dense oasis]

okay okay

[dense oasis]

i would not have to, because the entire speculation of "is there gonna be a real conflict" is false, there is not, and it's certain. I read some military analysts like William Spaniel and Anders Nielsen, and trust their opinion that it's all a circus to ensure europeans spend more on defense

[tall anchor]

but but if it did happen

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1347584254132883557/1466899801919590574/6D8959CAD1BDC6D438C95CBF20EA964C_202x203.gif

[dense oasis]

im not a trained soldier so no. if I were have to be trained and even deployed then I'd do what I'd be able to

[tall anchor]

good boy id do the same though i doubt denmark recruits 17 y/os

[verbal heron]

Then you both would have to don armour

[tall anchor]

why me

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1347584254132883557/1466892905992949865/Hj__Hgm3PYolavWKObsX1tZvOKafvZAOfiZOgOYp0EQ.gif

[verbal heron]

Cuz you want to protect greenland at any cost

[tall anchor]

fair enough

wouldnt u?

[verbal heron]

Maybe I would

[dense oasis]

well I'm an adult far over that age

[verbal heron]

"Don't underestimate the power of common man." (Yes, no definite article)
A line I heard in a movie a few years back

[tall anchor]

welpers why man and not men

[verbal heron]

Cuz it wasn't in the script

[tall anchor]

[dense oasis]

Don't worry Astar I can die for Turkiye too

[verbal heron]

Maybe cuz the "a" sound in "man" sounds stronger than the "e" sound in "men"

[dense oasis]

I have to defend kebab

[tall anchor]

awww

[dense oasis]

My stomach forces me to

[tall anchor]

ty for your fictional service

[verbal heron]

btw is astar asian or european

[tall anchor]

i mean im eastern so asia i think

[verbal heron]

Oh

[tall anchor]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1347584254132883557/1466842158261862631/l93cbs749igg1.gif

@verbal heronu?

[verbal heron]

Asian

[tall anchor]

well where in asia are u from

south? east west

[verbal heron]

South

[dense oasis]

astar lives on the beautiful continent called Turkiye, trying to establish the good old ottoman empire and seize control over Europe and Asia alike

[tall anchor]

lol i despise ottomans

but if i was in charge of it maybe itd be different

i should rule the world

[verbal heron]

I know she's turkish, but yk some parts of turkey are in asia and some are in europe lol

[verbal heron]

Maybe you'd be different from the rest

[tall anchor]

i know right pinky promise that i wont turn out to be a demagogue

trust twin

[dense oasis]

yeah true. I was kidding lol

[verbal heron]

The gentle and benevolent queen Astar

[dense oasis]

recently in austria there was drama cuz they wanted to put up a monument of Sobieski, the polish general who chased away the ottomans, but local muslim population doesn't want the monument and now they can't decide

lmfao

[tall anchor]

theres muslims in poland?

[dense oasis]

no no no, the whole situation happens in austria

[tall anchor]

ah

mb mb shouldve read better

i think i heard about it they should just do it noone should be shamed of their history

americans should

but no one else

[verbal heron]

Not your fault, sobieski sounds more like a slavic name/last name

[dense oasis]

yeah Sobieski was just polish yeah. Austrians want the monument because he defended Austria around 1500

[verbal heron]

[tall anchor]

[dense oasis]

nah I'd make russians and chinese ashamed too

every large empire is naughty naughty

[tall anchor]

fair enough

including ottomans

[dense oasis]

Naughty astar

[wooden briar]

Wh

Wb

[bitter maple]

What does naughty mean?

[dense oasis]

"naughty" means not behaving properly

usually used to describe children who misbehave

[simple tusk]

Not really a question but Im searching for a chat buddy just some1 to talk with everyday if you down hype me up in pm 🙂‍↕️

[low zephyr]

is this a simile that sounds okayish to you guys "he curled like a roly poly"

[tranquil scarab]

I'm learning English, can I chat with you?

[hollow stirrup]

Hello,

Does anybody have ESL teaching/teaching experience in general?

I am a high schooler volunteering at a NPO it’s not super big but basically we tutor and mentor Rohingya refugees and teach them English and math. I got put in the English curriculum director position and my friend meeting I have a bunch of students, but basically

Each kid is assigned to a volunteer and the vonulteer is supposed to go over everything in their “folder” which I am supposed to print out everything for each student specifically designed for them.

But the problem is these kids are all like from kindergarten English level to middle school level, so my first thought is to make a placement test, but I have no clue, and how should I go about it, should I make one for kindergarten, one for 1-3 one for 4-6 one for 6-8??? It depends but we have 1 hr sessions with the students for both English and math sometimes it’s just one the whole session but overall I really need help. I’m planning to talk to an ESL teacher at my school but I have a meeting before I can ask so please help me.

[weary hare]

Is it correct to call a Padel field a pitch or that’s specific to the footballing sort?

[gentle pivot]

Hi! I’m planning to get this tattooed.
Does this sound natural and correct in English?

Strong, never weak at heart.
Driven to get what I want most.
Solid through every storm.
Always rising above it all.

[steady garden]

Hey

[willow dawn]

always strong at the heart,
Driven to get what i want the most.
Solid..

Slight change?

[simple tusk]

ofc you can

[boreal ingot]

I'd say 'weak of heart' not 'weak at heart'

Also, I don't think you need a 'the' before 'most'

[dense oasis]

tattoo something like "b#llshit motivation, I want sleep"

more true in life

in the long run

[boreal ingot]

I mean, tattooing what they want to tattoo feels like a dumb Idea. I'd probably carve it off my skin with a knife in a panic at some point or another. But this is an English questions channel not a life advice one

[simple tusk]

still up btw

[low zephyr]

Hey, I hope you're okay take care

[last sundial]

Hello! i think for the placement tests, splitting the kids into broad levels like K, 1–3, 4–6, 6–8 should work fine.
For each level, you can check basic vocabulary, simple reading, and listening parts. Keep it short — like 10–15 minutes — just to see where they’re at without overwhelming them
You can also look online for free ESL placement test templates to get some ideas.
This should help you figure out what each student needs without spending the whole session on testing. Hope that helps you structure your first session!

[tall anchor]

oh

[dense oasis]

[lament flare]

The girl has written to me that she couldn't study today
Can I say like this if it happened very recently and we won't study?

[dense oasis]

It is understandable but I think this sounds a bit strange. You probably want to say that she sent you a message using some social media apps. If so, then you would use "to text someone". The girl texted me that...

no need for "has texted"

It just happened in the past

Once

So it's okay, you can simply use past simple. "texted". It's enough

"The girl texted me that she couldn't study today"

[lament flare]

I wanted to use present perfect tense and I thought it's right to use it here because it happened recently. Do you mean "The girl texted me" but not "has texted me" is one of the possible ways to say it?

[dense oasis]

I mean that you can say it both ways and it makes sense both ways. But I would definitely choose "texted" because it just happened some time ago, even if short time ago, and that's it

I think it's convenient to think about present perfect (so things like "has texted", "has eaten", "has done") as something used very commonly with these keywords like "since" or "already" or "yet" or "for"

[lament flare]

Okay, when something happened once and not it is not happening commonly it's better to use past simple?

[dense oasis]

when something happened in the past, it is this simple

like I ate breakfast yesterday

Maybe I eat it everyday. But I ate it yesterday and that's what I want to say specifically

So yeah it's okay. I just did something in the past

I don't have to analyse everything and all that, if I know that something happened in the past, I just say it did. It's okay lol

[lament flare]

I have eaten breakfast (without yesterday)- if I want to say that I did it in the past, but I'm still not hungry and it makes it relevant
I ate breakfast yesterday - if I want to say that I did it in the past

Past simple is not something about what we are doing commonly?
When I use Present Perfect I don't specify the exact time of an action

[dense oasis]

you are right, past simple is not related to things we do commonly or anything like that. It is simply used to mean something in the past

[boreal ingot]

You can use the present perfect here. Americans like to only use it for life experiences I've noticed, whilst Brits are more willing to use it for recent events

[lament flare]

Is it better to use present perfect for live experiences and for common actions in opposite I should use past simple? Because google says past simple is used for describing past habits

[ashen tide]

If I may, Is there any difference in meaning to you between saying:

I got to travel around the country
I've got to travel around the country
I've gotten to travel around the country

[boreal ingot]

1. I got to travel around the country
2. I've got to travel around the country
3. I've gotten to travel around the country

1 indicates that you were afforded the chance to travel around the country and you took it. It sounds like you are happy about it, I think. 2 indicates that you are required to travel around the country in the future. However, 2 can also mean the same thing 3 does. 3 means that at some point in the past, you had the experience of travelling around the country (and view that favourably). I think it's very similar to 1, but with more of a focus on the lived experience.

1 can also mean that you are required to do so, however, I cannot read it so unless it is contracted to 'gotta'

[ashen tide]

Correct, do British use 3 or 1?

In your experience, or what can you say about it

[ashen tide]

No, I don't think 2 can mean the same thing as 3

Then, aside that, everything else is how I interpret it too

[boreal ingot]

I feel younger speakers would use 1, whilst older speakers would use 3

[boreal ingot]

Being a club and rave DJ during the nineties has taught me a lot about how people respond to audio, it's a physical thing and it can get very emotional. In most of my gigs the crowd used to hear the records I was playing for the very first time so they were unfamiliar with the music and didn't know what to expect, so thankfully I've got to experience the immediate impact audio can have on people.

https://www.audeze.com/blogs/audeze-artists/audeze-talks-to-mastering-engineer-aran-lavi

It can. It's just a less readily available interpretation

I'd agree that most of the time it denotes necessity; however, it can also denote experience

[ashen tide]

I think it's a typo, to me it doesn't read very well. But I see others use it to mean that

[boreal ingot]

I can find some other instances here and there. I would personally avoid it, but it doesn't sound outright incorrect to me.

I think older Brits advise against using 'gotten' for the V3 form; regardless of the meaning, they use 'got'

[ashen tide]

I can see older folks being against the use of gotten in that instance since afaik gotten has recently being creeping in to BrE due to how influential the American media is in the UK

[boreal ingot]

Yeah, Geoff Lindsey has a good video on 'got' vs 'gotten' and how 'gotten' has come to be used in British English. I can't remember if he addressed it in the sense of necessity, however

[ashen tide]

No, I think it's kind of 50/50, then I think when it's in the sense of becoming/acquring, BrE speakers use it like their Ame counterparts

[frail flame]

Hello. I would like to ask for help understanding when "it" should be used in the following sentences:
I hate (it) how he knows about the affair.
I hate (it) that he knows about the affair.
I hate (it) when that happens.
I love (it) how this dress looks on you.
I love (it) that you care about your parents' feelings.
I love (it) when she does that.
I like (it) how you always remember.
Etc.
I talked with a native speaker about this and they said that sometimes, both versions sound right to them, and sometimes, it sounds better without "it". What do y'all think?
Is there a rule I could follow?

[tall anchor]

is it possible to reach c level english without knowing parts of speech or tenses?

i made it this far

[oblique venture]

What's the meaning of liberals

[weary hare]

@boreal ingot

[boreal ingot]

I don't know the answer. Apologies

[tall anchor]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism though republican americans sometimes refer democrats as "liberals" too

[boreal ingot]

black cat, I see you typing, this isn't a politics channel jus remember

[dense oasis]

as above. The most often used meanings you will see are either:
a) anyone who supports quite "modern" ideas like gender equality, lgbt rights, cares about minority groups inside the society (this is often used as a derogatory term, the users often want to say these are bad ideas)
b) anyone who supports capitalism. Like "liberal economically". this usage usually means someone who does not support too many worker rights, or too many restrictions over businesses, because they believe this is unnecessary etc

you may also encounter something like "libertarian" or "libertarianism", this is an extreme version of liberal/liberalism. this usually is about the economy, and it means the person would like unrestricted capitalism where any business can do anything they want (maybe even sell humans etc)

[boreal ingot]

I think you'd need to consume a great deal of material from various registers to develop the proper intuition to pass a C1 exam without any grammatical knowledge. Whilst I don't think it an impossibility, I believe it would take quite a long time

[verbal heron]

Pitch is used for football and cricket. I've never heard anyone call a football field a pitch but apparently it's British. I've heard pitch only in cricket. The central part of a cricket ground between the wickets.
And padel tennis is a hybrid of squash and tennis. A tennis playing area is called a court, so maybe they'll refer to a padel tennis field as a court too. Btw I don't like squash - neither the vegetable nor the sport

[verbal heron]

Think about levelling up for now

You don't need to reach “c level english”

After some time, it's your intuition that will help you most of the time

Read books that are slightly above your level

You'll be fine

[weary hare]

It’s Padel (with a capital pee) or paddle tennis adding tennis is redundant to Padel since it means paddle tennis in Spanish.

[verbal heron]

I have no idea what you mean

If it starts a sentence, then ofc it'll be Padel

not padel

Also wym by rudent?

[weary hare]

Edited.

[verbal heron]

I don't think it's redundant

Since tennis is a universally known sport, if someone hears "padel tennis", they will think of it as a type of tennis

Padel (padel tennis) isn't a popular sport ig

[tulip hedge]

Is "mayn't" used in modern English?

[tall anchor]

waits how do i even learn the level of the books

i just read them

[tall anchor]

lol yup im depending entirely on my intuition it just sounds correct

[tall anchor]

like movies media etc habibty?

[boreal ingot]

Like movies, modern books, older books, scientific literature, older scientific literature, informal conversation, poems, and anything you can get your hands on

If you don't know the prescribed grammar, then the best way to know what you ought to use on a test and what you oughtn't is to have a good familiarity with both formal, informal, modern, and old-fashioned media, to develop your intuition in that regard

[tall anchor]

i do that already so its just a matter of time i guess

[boreal ingot]

yup