Found big clues here. This is a long Paragraph(s?) (Please correct me if i say anything wrong, i didnt do much research and its 1:23am so i may be wrong about a lot, if so, sorry)
First of all there's the olmec, a empire from south America. (Idk when). They're iconic symbol was the Olmec. They would build stone Olmecs.
Then there's a south-asia empire of Neo Babylon (sound familiar?) I don't know much about them but I know they were an ancient empire.
There's also Tiamat, the queen of Neo Babylon. But she had a husband, the Abzu. They had 3 kids Lahmu (THE ALIEN QUEEN IN ICE CAVES), Lahamu (THE LLAMA THINGS IN NEO BABYLON), and Kingu (THE BOSS IN THE PLACE ABZU) . Also (Theory) what if the name Abzu in spelunky 2 came from when the king died so the place got named after him! And Kingu stayed there because it was named after his dad. The Tide Pool is based off of ancient Chinese empire of tibet obviously. Search tibet and you will see the similaritys between it and Tide pool
HUNDUN: Hundun is a ancient Chinese creature depicted as a large hairy egg like shape. QUILIN: Quilin is also a staple in Asian mythology. A lion-dragon like fire breathing piece of mythology.
TEMPLE OF ANUBIS: OK this one is obvious. Everyone knows the history of Anubis and Ancient Egypt and stuff, but if you don't know Anubis is the God of ancient Egypt.
EXCALIBUR: Excalibur is a commonly brought up topic, but not many people know about what it actually is. The Excalibur is a sword held by the Welsh king Arthur.
Kali sacrificing & Kapala: Kali is a major Hindu goddess who would take human sacrifices much like the spelunky 2 version. Kapala is pretty much the same ad the spelunky 2 version, but you obviously don't gain extra lives lol.
THE END