don't worry about having a background in CS. If you understand arrays and objects you're good.
Deno/Node/Bun run Javascript in order to give it access to file tools and operating system tools. Browsers give web interface tools to javascript instead.
Like @ Doctor said learning Javascript is learning Deno. Deno only adds one variable (the Deno variable). Everything else is pure Javascript. Node is a little less clean, it adds several magic variables, but I won't get into that.
if you want to know how javascript engines work (or how it's supposed to work), skip to 30:12 in this video. https://youtu.be/Bv_5Zv5c-Ts
It gives a great understanding of how the system itself is designed and will probably clear up a lot of confusion. After that video, I highly recommend starting to understand asynchronous Javascript beginning with this video (skip the first 2 min) https://youtu.be/670f71LTWpM
async takes a long time to fully understand, but once you master it, you've probably mastered 70% of all javascript features. If you ever find yourself reading about Proxy objects (probably the most advanced Javascript feature) you can be confident you're in the top 1% of JS devs.
If you already know all this stuff, then my guess is the only things under the hood are in the Deno source code. Which can be beneficial, although it requires learning Rust first