#integral theorem

658 messages · Page 1 of 1 (latest)

final cobalt
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in the integral avarage theorem proof, why can i say that (integral)/b-a (which is the length on the interval) = avarage value of the function?

finite ingotBOT
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finite ingotBOT
misty dagger
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i cant see M m

final cobalt
misty dagger
final cobalt
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same page

misty dagger
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the average value of a function is defined as $\frac {\int_ {a}^{b} f(x) dx}{\int_ {a}^{b} dx}$

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🙏🏿

acoustic spadeBOT
misty dagger
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finally

misty dagger
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thats the defination of average of a function in a interval (a,b)

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like mean is sum(xi)/n

final cobalt
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oh so it’s a definition

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i thought it was the theorem itself

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😭

misty dagger
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well

final cobalt
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is it normal to study these proof in highschool btw

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no other people in my school do this

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i can’t take it anymore

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i can’t remember all these proofs for a test 😭

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prob got around 30 proofs 😔

misty dagger
final cobalt
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i just think it’s too much stuff for my brain to remember considering maths isn’t my only subject 😔

misty dagger
final cobalt
misty dagger
final cobalt
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i don’t memorize them without understanding them ofc

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but i at least need to know the base concept of it

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most are easy to not fully memorize

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some aren’t

misty dagger
final cobalt
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like concavity theorem i hate it 😭

misty dagger
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you wanna know how i memorized it?

final cobalt
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i at least need to know that i have to use weirestarss

final cobalt
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it’s just that there are many steps to do so it’s kinda ass

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like, derivatives proofs are way easier cause u just have to do some algebraic operations mot of the time

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de hospital is easy to prove too luckily

misty dagger
misty dagger
# final cobalt yea

just assume f(x) = x^2 , now f'' = 2, its positive, we know x^2 is concave upward, so f''>0 is for concave upward

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you can remember a lot of theorems like this

final cobalt
final cobalt
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the proof for this theorem

misty dagger
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😃

final cobalt
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“if u have a function derivable 2 times in an interval with f’’ continuos in the interval, taken a point c in the interval, if f’’(c)>0 then the function is concave in the point c”

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this is what the theorem says

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and i hate proving it

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😭

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u have to use a bunch of different definitions

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and criteria

misty dagger
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oh that type of prooving

final cobalt
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yea what else do u think i was talking about😭

misty dagger
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yeah thats still very easy if the slope is increasing the function is concave upwards

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do u find ts tough

final cobalt
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mf u rage baiting 😭

misty dagger
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wait whay

final cobalt
misty dagger
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is this not how u proove

final cobalt
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bro😭😭😭

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anyways

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to do this u take the definition of concave function

misty dagger
final cobalt
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(the function stays above the tangent)

final cobalt
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🪦

misty dagger
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okay we dont do proofs so im safe aha

final cobalt
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u are proving the theorem using the thesis itself

final cobalt
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i thought u were with me

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i thought

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it was normal to do proofs

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i believed u…

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😔

misty dagger
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no

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we do real maths

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the questions

final cobalt
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real maths is proofs

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questions are just applied proofs

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this is how u prove the concavity theorem btw

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but it’s in italian

final cobalt
final cobalt
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but i can’t waste my time on exercises if i have to remember these proofs

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😔

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at least we are ready for uni ig

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since uni is proof based

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and not exercise based

misty dagger
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you can only get good at proofs if u know how to use it

final cobalt
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from what i’ve heard

misty dagger
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memorizing wont last long

final cobalt
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u get good at proofs by doing proofs

misty dagger
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🤣

final cobalt
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it’s like saying u know why the vertex of a parabola is -b/2a just cause u did many parabola exercises

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😭🙏

misty dagger
final cobalt
misty dagger
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the way how u find the dy/dx= 0

final cobalt
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considering what u said before, idk if u’d know how to prove it 😭

misty dagger
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bro i do

final cobalt
misty dagger
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i am not used to your math lingo of proofs

final cobalt
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now, prove why in a minimum point f’=0

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🤓

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or in a maximum

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same thing

final cobalt
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yea u lucky

final cobalt
misty dagger
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🤓

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ok its may be wrong

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way of prooving it

misty dagger
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idfk how u did it

final cobalt
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hahaha no worries

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u wanna find out?

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i can tell u

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it helps me revise

final cobalt
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let me try to find an example

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well

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let’s say “prove this is a car”

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and u say “well this is a car because it is a car”

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LOL

misty dagger
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do you wanna find out why f''(x)= sin(nx/2)cos((n+1)x/2) cosec(x/2) , for n tending to infinity, f(0) is pi^2/6

final cobalt
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No

misty dagger
final cobalt
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yes

misty dagger
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no prove it

final cobalt
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hahahahah

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idk my brain is currently fried

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i should be able to do this

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but

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i can’t..

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i could prove it with hopital tho

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unless the hypothesis aren’t met

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ok they aren’t

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no wait

misty dagger
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the l hopital came way after this theorem

final cobalt
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they are

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is this a noticeable limo?

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limit?

misty dagger
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yes but you dont know if the graph of e^-x and y=x intesect at 2 pts or touch

final cobalt
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mhm

misty dagger
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let me tell u how its proven

final cobalt
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wait

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i m trying to remember

misty dagger
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ok

final cobalt
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give me time

misty dagger
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sure

final cobalt
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i know there is a substitution to do

misty dagger
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😹

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no

final cobalt
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trust

misty dagger
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u cant do it, its cause ur teacher used circular reasoning

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more like

final cobalt
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oh yes

misty dagger
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every teacher does that

final cobalt
misty dagger
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let me js show u how its done or ull js stay confused

final cobalt
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the circles one is another noticeable limit

misty dagger
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u know there is a proof to this

final cobalt
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prove the circled limi

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limit

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proved the other limit i used to prove the first limit

misty dagger
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yeah good

final cobalt
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🔥🔥

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how do u prove it

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?

misty dagger
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we use the defination of e

final cobalt
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mhm

misty dagger
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e^x = sumx^n/n!

final cobalt
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ohhh with taylor series u did it

misty dagger
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1+x+x^2/2...

misty dagger
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thats the defination of e

final cobalt
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well we haven’t don’t taylor series so it’s fair we didn’t do it like that

final cobalt
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u get that result with taylor series

misty dagger
final cobalt
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the one u told me

final cobalt
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so which one is the true definition

misty dagger
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the binomial theorem for genreal index is a result of taylor series

final cobalt
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oh

misty dagger
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you would know once u study it

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dont feel anything now

final cobalt
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we did binomial theorem slightly

misty dagger
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thats why

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well dw

final cobalt
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yea

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i don’t think it’s highschool program here

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especially taylor series aren’t

misty dagger
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they arent but i mean

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vi

final cobalt
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i found out about its existence in physics for a SR approximation

misty dagger
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do you wanna know the proof of taylor seirr

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seired

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its so fucking eas6

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easy

final cobalt
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i think i saw a vid about it

misty dagger
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i mean you can intuitively prove it urself

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if u had free time

final cobalt
misty dagger
final cobalt
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anyways i gotta go now to study Rolle Cauchy and Lagrange

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i’ll get back to u in 20mins i think

misty dagger
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🙏🏿

misty dagger
final cobalt
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their proofs aren’t as obvious

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😭

misty dagger
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but idk how tough is thier acc proofs

final cobalt
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uhhh i can’t remember them

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i have revised them in months

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that’s why i gotta re study them lol

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i’ll tell u later if u want

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lagrange uses Cauchy or Rolle’d theorem tho

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and that’s for sure

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Cauchy uses a substitution i think

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and Rolle uses weierstrass theorem i think….

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yea cya

misty dagger
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weierstrass ❤️‍🩹

final cobalt
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my man

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gauss too ❤️‍🩹

sturdy umbra
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Lemme send a proof of the integral theorem for average value of a function, in about an hour

final cobalt
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@misty dagger ok finished those 3

final cobalt
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rolle is the “hardest”

misty dagger
final cobalt
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the others are basically just rolle’s application

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Ok so basically

misty dagger
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let me see those useless proves

final cobalt
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Rolle says that there is a point c in the interval so that f’(c)=0

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(i assume you know the hyooghesis)

misty dagger
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hypothesis

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yes

final cobalt
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for weierstraß’ theorem, in [a,b] (the interval) there must be a point c and a point d (point of mimum and maximum) so that f(c)<f(x)<f(d)

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because thor are the minimum and maximum of the function in the interval

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Case 1: f(c) =f(d), but that would mean that the function is constant, so f’(x)=0, so the theorem is simply true

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Case 2: f(c) different to f(d). c and d could be in the same place as a and b, but that would lead to the case 1 (because f(a)=f(b) for hypothesis)

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Let’s assume that c is in the interval (a,b). We can then say that f(c+h)-f(c) is positive, because f(c) was the minimum of the function

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Divide by h

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If h is close to 0+, then [f(c+h)-f(c)]/h is positive

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If h is close to 0-, then [f(c+h)-f(c)]/h is negative

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The only number for which this limit exists (which is the definition of derivative) will then be 0, because otherwise the limits on the left and on the right will have a different sign, meaning it’s a point of non derivabilitt

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so f’(c) must be 0

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————————-

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Now Cauchy

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let’s take a function F(x)=f(x)-kg(x)

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We want to show that this F satisfies Rolle’s theorem

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Is it continuos in [a,b]? Yes because….
Is it derivable in (a,b)? Yes because…
f(a)=f(b)? Let’s find a k that makes this true

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By solving that equation u get that k=[f(b)-f(a)]/[g(b)-g(a)]

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So now we know for Rolles theorem that in a point c in the interval, F’(c)=0

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So f’(c)-kg’(c)=0

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so f’(c)/g’(c) = k

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with k=[f(b)-f(a)]/[g(b)-g(a)]

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Boom cauchy proved

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too lazy to prove lagrange too

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@misty dagger u get it?

misty dagger
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i havent thaught it could be proven like that

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i mean its still very obvious

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but thats impressive

final cobalt
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yea me neither good thing our teacher tells us how to do these LOL

final cobalt
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u prove it also by “building” the definition of derivative

final cobalt
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it says that in a maximum or minimum point, f’=0

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It goes like this: since “c” is a maximum point, very close to c f(x)<f(c) (in the surroundings of c I(c)). So f(x)-f(c)<0
Take x=c+h,
f(c+h)-f(c)<0

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Divide by h, which can be a 0+ or 0-

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Same logic applies

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So f’(c) must be 0

misty dagger
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can u not draw a graph and use the argument that if a continuous curve have to pass through 2 points with same ordinates it must have derivative zero in between them, like umm

final cobalt
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You can’t prove stuff graphically

misty dagger
final cobalt
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“very general” would have to contain every possible curve…

misty dagger
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yeah im out of this proving shit

final cobalt
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For example, you can’t graphically prove that e^x stays above y=x even if it very obviously true

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Don’t ask me how to prove it cause we haven’t done it

final cobalt
misty dagger
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and positive base

final cobalt
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You can’t

final cobalt
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y=x is positive too near +infinity

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u can’t know if e^x is above it

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Obviously if we take a function that is always negative, our proof would be “e^x is always positive, meaning it is above this function which is always negative”

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This is a different thing tho

final cobalt
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@misty dagger mf died😔

misty dagger
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wait

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in my notebook

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cause these discord margins are too small for my marvellous proof

final cobalt
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LOL

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let’s see maybe u found a good way to prove it

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Mind you that i don’t know how to prove it (maybe with De L’Hopital….)

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by proving that e^x is a bigger infinity than any other power x^a

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so limit for x->+infinity of e^x/x^a is always = +infinity for every a belonging to R+

misty dagger
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@final cobalt

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sorry for bad handwriting

final cobalt
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i think this is solid

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u should ask other people on the server tho

final cobalt
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to generalize it?

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with x^a

misty dagger
final cobalt
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then it’s prob right

misty dagger
sturdy umbra
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Alright, here is the proof of the integral theorem for the mean/average value of any continuous function defined on the interval [a,b]

misty dagger
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im also lowk waiting

final cobalt
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"my" (my teacher's)

sturdy umbra
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Since f(x) is continuous on the given interval, then by the extreme value theorem, the function has minimum and maximum values, m and M respectively, on [a,b].

Then, for all x in [a,b], m<=f(x)<=M. Thus, by the comparison theorem for integrals, m(b-a) <= integral from a to b of f(x) dx <= M(b-a).

Dividing by b-a gives m <= (1/(b-a)) integral from a to b of f(x) dx <= M.

And to furnish the proof that the function takes on its average value at a point c in the given interval:

By the Intermediate Value Theorem, there exists a number c on [a,b] such that f(c) = (1/(b-a)) integral from a to b of f(x) dx.

The proof is complete

final cobalt
final cobalt
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Intermediate Value Theorem whats this???

final cobalt
misty dagger
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another obvious theor3n

final cobalt
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LMAO

misty dagger
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ask david i will prolly give a shitty explanation

final cobalt
misty dagger
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its like minimum and maximum value of a definite integral

final cobalt
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thats basically what my teacher did

sturdy umbra
final cobalt
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mhm yes

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because my teacher just said that "integral from a to b of f(x)dx) / b-a " was equal to a y (written with a line above the y)

sturdy umbra
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With that said, regarding the questions about intermediate value and comparison theorems for integrals, would you want to discuss those more and/or go through the proofs later today?

final cobalt
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and then said "since f(x) is continuos, y lined = f(x lined)

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thus f(x lined) exists

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theorem proved

final cobalt
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maybe anotehr day hahahah

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i still gotta study proofs for limits now

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my head is already full

sturdy umbra
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Sounds good

final cobalt
misty dagger
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david what do u think what helps a student more proofs or questions

final cobalt
#

solving problems? questions

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doing proofs? proofs

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lmfao

sturdy umbra
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But there must always be a proof

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It's unfortunate that high schools in particular do not ever bother to prove theorems or formulas

final cobalt
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@sturdy umbra in a formal exam, if u use a certain theorem to solve an exercise, do u have to prove it too?

sturdy umbra
final cobalt
sturdy umbra
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I warn you however

final cobalt
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mhm

sturdy umbra
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I'm still in high school, and I haven't taken tests on such things.

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If you're unsure, ask the teacher

final cobalt
#

curiosity*

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couriosity

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i mean

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u get it

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curiousity

sturdy umbra
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Pretty much

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It's an interesting subject, you know?

final cobalt
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thats cool

sturdy umbra
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Do you like math

final cobalt
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yes

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i find it beauitufl

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but

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when i have to study it too much, and also have to study other subjects

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i cant really go deeper into the subject

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either too tired or dont have time

misty dagger
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dont study things out of ur syllabus at ts time its not useful

final cobalt
# sturdy umbra Do you like math

also we already kinda go deeper into maths compared to other classes in my school, so most of the time i dont feel the need to look up something more precise

final cobalt
misty dagger
final cobalt
#

ITS THE 3RD TIME I TELL U

misty dagger
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programma

sturdy umbra
final cobalt
#

ty bro

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for opening the translator for me

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LOL

sturdy umbra
sturdy umbra
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Whether it's school work or not school work

final cobalt
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i prefer physics

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plus its easier to go deeper into physics

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@misty dagger WHAT DO YOU WANT

sturdy umbra
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And yet you cannot go deep into physics without going deep into math, because physics is built on math

final cobalt
#

but also learning the story of physics experiemnts

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history of physics i mean

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id like to do that too

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not only studying the theory

misty dagger
sturdy umbra
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Of course. Try to find time to do that

final cobalt
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i anticipated a bit som estuff

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without knowing lol

misty dagger
final cobalt
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for example einstein's thought experiments

final cobalt
final cobalt
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so i did them alone

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but we ended up doing some of them

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i wont even try to study better general relativity tho lmao, id need tensor calculus

sturdy umbra
#

Do you know about time dilation

final cobalt
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yea

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we finished special relativity already

misty dagger
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i love procrastinatting by studying math while studying math

sturdy umbra
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Have you derived the formula

final cobalt
#

LOL

final cobalt
#

gedankenexperiment🗣️

sturdy umbra
#

Nice

misty dagger
#

sm1 give this man a nobel prize

sturdy umbra
final cobalt
#

we kinda derivded everything expect lorentz's transformations

misty dagger
final cobalt
final cobalt
sturdy umbra
#

Alright, well I gotta go

final cobalt
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oh and also, we didnt derive m=m_o * gamma

sturdy umbra
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See y'all

final cobalt
#

and kinetic energy theorem

misty dagger
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for discovering lorentz transformations intuitively

final cobalt
final cobalt
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well they really arent intuitive

misty dagger
#

take this mans nobel prize

final cobalt
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unless u think about c as constant

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oh

final cobalt
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i mean it makes sense physicailly

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not in our heads

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weird ass

misty dagger
#

thats why i hate physics

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fuckass subject

final cobalt
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well considering i wanna study physics in uni ig ill get a better understanding of GR later in my life

final cobalt
#

dont u dare

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i lvoe it

misty dagger
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okay do this

final cobalt
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sometimes its weird and im like "uh ok" but 90% of the time is so cool

final cobalt
#

@misty dagger died

misty dagger
final cobalt
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i do ok in both

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i also practice questions...

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(sometimes)

misty dagger
final cobalt
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who tf draws resistors like that

misty dagger
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idk

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its not mine

misty dagger
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ts ez u js need to solve 3 equations for 4 variables

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🙏🏿

final cobalt
final cobalt
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i mean lòik

misty dagger
final cobalt
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voltage between 1-3 and 2 must be the same for sure

final cobalt
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i think u just put together some equations LOL

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but yea i was never good with circuits

misty dagger
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then fym u luh phyiscs

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we both suck

final cobalt
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well i like physics

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expect circuits and kinetic gas theory

misty dagger
#

fluid mechanics

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you love that

final cobalt
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meh

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kinda mid

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fluid dynamics mid too

misty dagger
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therm?

final cobalt
misty dagger
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nuclear physics

final cobalt
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i dont like when the topic is gasses

final cobalt
#

i liked magnetism and electro magnetism

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gravitation

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stuff like that

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but i HATE gasses

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they so lame

misty dagger
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i get u

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i totally get u

final cobalt
#

we also skipped the only intersting part about thermo /entropy)

misty dagger
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electromagnetism is the finest thing i have studied in physics icl

final cobalt
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i think the closer something is to chemistry the more i dislike it

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thats why i didnt like talking about moles

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LOL

final cobalt
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faraday neumann lenz's law is peak

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mad cool

misty dagger
final cobalt
#

also i generally like seeing the experiments

final cobalt
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i prefer sperimental physics

misty dagger
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yeah but what about grades 😭

final cobalt
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wdym?

misty dagger
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u need high grades for college

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not curiosity

final cobalt
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i dont

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its different here

misty dagger
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oh

final cobalt
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but even if i did, i have a 10/10 😎

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rn i got a 9 tho

misty dagger
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i have a 10/10 in autism does that count

final cobalt
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its so hard to maintain a high avg in my class

final cobalt
misty dagger
final cobalt
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to get into uni i just need to take a test, they watch it and they be like "yea well you kinda sucked you should probably not study here"

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but u can still get in that uni if u want

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(this is for physics)

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for engineering, i took another test but this time they choose if u get in or not

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i wanted to get into aerospace but my score was too low

misty dagger
#

that sounds great i wish i was italian

final cobalt
#

i could get into mechanilcal or physics engineering

final cobalt
final cobalt
#

i got a 63/100

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people with 52 got in last year

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for aerospace id need a 70+ at least

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i doubt i can get in

misty dagger
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imagine if i was at ur place

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id be cooking

final cobalt
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yea im lazy asf

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the problem with that engineering test was the italian part tho

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the questions were so hard for no reason

misty dagger
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like what

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show me

final cobalt
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its like "read this text and answer the questions related to it"

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WHY WERE THEY SO HARD

final cobalt
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alsso i dont have any examples rn id have to look them up

misty dagger
final cobalt
#

my face

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my italian skills suck already

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how can i know the difference...

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WHATS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A JOB AND A PROFESSION

misty dagger
#

oh

final cobalt
misty dagger
#

yeah makes sense u gotta know italian

final cobalt
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which i apparently have none

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LOL

misty dagger
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cause college is italian

final cobalt
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the last 2 years are only in english tho

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well anyways

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yea the italian part is the hardest part

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physics was easy but i made a stupid ass mistake and lost 4 points

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i lost like 15 points in the italian part LMFAO

misty dagger
#

math

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?

final cobalt
#

i could have scored above a 75 with a correct italian

final cobalt
#

i think it was something like 20/25

misty dagger
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ts not bad

final cobalt
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yea not too bad

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if only i knew italian better...

misty dagger
#

how tuff was it

final cobalt
#

logic was tuff

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maths uh, depends on the question

misty dagger
#

logic

final cobalt
#

some questions i could get the correct mental steps to solve it

misty dagger
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thats whole math

final cobalt
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but couldnt simplify to get to the correct answers

final cobalt
misty dagger
final cobalt
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also i kinda suck with combinatiosn and probability

final cobalt
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I DID

misty dagger
final cobalt
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one logic question was like "there a dorm, one for males and one for females. A guy presses the button 1-2 and hears a girl. He then presses button 2-3 and hears a guy. What buttons did he press to understand how the dorms were displayed and what voice did he hear"

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obv its not like that

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bvut something like thsi

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well some logic questions were easy asf

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most werent....

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idk man im not smart enough for this shit

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@misty dagger what uni do u go to / want to go to

misty dagger
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i know some unis thst might accept me based on my academic record and uhh smth i wont tell here

final cobalt
misty dagger
final cobalt
misty dagger
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i think u shld close ts thread

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🙏🏿

final cobalt
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i was having fun

final cobalt
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do u even like what u'll study?

sturdy umbra
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Navier-Stokes Equation of fluid mechanics

final cobalt
final cobalt
final cobalt
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n was supposed to be that one greek letter

misty dagger
final cobalt
sturdy umbra
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η

final cobalt
finite ingotBOT
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@final cobalt

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final cobalt
#

+close

finite ingotBOT
# final cobalt +close
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finite ingotBOT
# finite ingot

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finite ingotBOT
# finite ingot

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