#high school to university grind montage, will need help during that tho.
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what would I need to well define it
i gotta prep for work, I'll just leave 2 thoughts
- You are in way over your head right now. Curiosity is good, but you should really start from basics.
- You must learn to let go of ideas that don't work.
2 in particular is something I do like 5 times a day.
Whenever I try a problem, I'm almost always either completely stuck or completely wrong the first time I try it. Just being willing to move past that and not dig in your heels is a big step towards learning math.
I see
(for what it's worth I'm a phd student actively working on a research project with a renowned professor in my field, as my full time job - and again, I get stuck on things constantly, and I'm wrong about things constantly)
And @timid flume I seriously cannot recommend these books more highly.
Alright
I'll check them out
but I'll be a bit sad for now
I spent 20 hours a day tryna prove this right for the past few days
without sleep almost
and no food except some
very capable mathematicians can spend months and years stuck on a problem
hmmmmmm so people were worse than me? in a false illusion of some sort of?
but if so how do people actually make breakthroughs
And look. I get it. Being wrong sucks, especially if you're new to it. Honestly, if you want to succeed in mathematics, you need to forget the distinction between being so frustrated that you want to bash your fucking skull in on a metal pipe, and having the best time of your goddamn life. But I want you to know, these feelings are perfectly normal.
I see
well thanks
I still like how much I thought on this tho
it was fun
Oh, yeah, thinking is always good.
I remember when I was around what I assume your age is, I independently derived the quadratic formula, and I got pretty close to the parametrization of solutions to pythagorean triples. I also did a lot of weird fucking non-rigourous crankery.
do u know how I can complete the 4 years of high school's science and maths in just a month or few tho?
compared to this, I feel those are relatively easy
Start by reading this book, cover-to-cover, and doing all the exercises contained within: https://ia600307.us.archive.org/24/items/basic-mathematics-serge-lang_20240418/Basic Mathematics - Serge Lang.pdf
don't ask for shortcuts please
there are none
It will cover everything you need to learn before you can take on calculus.
No not short cuts
like what do I do
till where
I see
alright thanks
It's not a shortcut, and it'll be a fuck ton of work. Especially near the end, when things will be more new for you. But, it will bring you about halfway through a highschool curriculum.
alright thanks. I wasn't asking for a short cut of effort tho, I was asking for a short cut of time (which increases effort instead)
so that I be able to complete all of high school in a few months
Afterwards, you can dive into Stewart's Calculus, https://archive.org/details/calculus-early-transcendentals-8th-edition-james-stewart/page/n3/mode/1up. Chapters 1-8, and 11, are standard for highschool, and are typically covered over the course of a year.
okay thanks
a 1400 page book
I'm cooked
Throw in Hammack's Book of Proof too (https://richardhammack.github.io/BookOfProof/), and you'll be ready to take on university level mathematics.
Don't set a deadline of 2 months. If you're nowhere close after a month, it'll demotivate you completely.
Instead, just work through everything I sent at your own pace.
so I have to study and practice these 3,i can do maths till all of high school level?
hmm alr
alr
So, what counts as "high school" varies significantly country to country. In almost every country, these would be sufficient. In many countries, even just the first book I sent (Lang's book) would be sufficient to be done with highschool. There are a very small handful of countries where you need to learn more things, but if you're in one of those we can deal with that when you get to it.
I see
they cover all topics in math and not only calculus right?
but what if I wanna learn science
is there anything for that
start with basic math, that's enough to keep you occupied for a few years
Lang covers all the prerequisites for calculus. Stewart is a calculus book. Hammack will take you further into the realm of mathematics, introducing you to set theory and rigourous proofwriting. They do not cover all topics in math.
later you can see to learning about applications
oh..
As for science - this will be controversial, but I would recommend putting it off until you've at least finished Lang. Something like Young and Freedman (https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/bbji/Desktop/University Physics with Modern Physics 15th Edition By Hugh D. Young_compressed.pdf) could then be read alongside Stewart, at least for physics.
so I'm even more cooked even after studying 2500 pages worth of books
I see
If you want to become mathematically proficient, there are no shortcuts, or at least very few. I never promised that my suggestions would be easy, just that they would be sufficient to bring you up to the same level as an early uni student in mathematics.
that link shows like a black blank page tho
hmm
It's a 1500 page book, give it time to load.
it covers all topics in high school?
for science at least
I feel like I'm being tooo pecky right now
Young & Freedman covers that (for physics, but not other sciences), plus some.
(Again, depending on the specifics of what your country's curriculum is like. I don't know where you live, and you're young enough that you shouldn't tell random strangers on the internet where you live.)
I don't know any standard intro chem or intro bio books, etc., depending on what other sciences you want. You'll need to ask people more knowledgable in those fields than I am.
so not for chemistry and biology (in my country, u need chemistry in 11th and 12th and biology in 9th and 10th)
hmm alright
I don't know if I'll go that far
this is gonna be soo hard
I might even have a higher possibility of getting into an accident and dying than finishing it within the time I want
You asked what you need to get past the highschool level, and I told you. Now, I want you to download those pdfs, put them in a folder on your computer, and forget about everything except for Lang. Open up Lang, and start reading through it. The first chapter or two might be review for you, so it'll ease you into it - but even then, still try to do some exercises. And just focus on Lang.
I used to swim laps, and I would do a lot of laps back in the day, in a local olympic-size pool. One year, I tried to build up to 200 laps. I never focused on, "I've done 47 laps, only 153 to go!". I always just focused on the lap ahead of me, on what was directly in front of me. Same as when I walk or hike long distances - focus on putting one foot in front of the other, step by step, rather than how daunting the overall goal is.
alright so this is lang (the second link)
No. Those are intro proofs books.
Lang (book 1, read this first): https://ia600307.us.archive.org/24/items/basic-mathematics-serge-lang_20240418/Basic Mathematics - Serge Lang.pdf
Stewart: https://archive.org/details/calculus-early-transcendentals-8th-edition-james-stewart/page/n3/mode/1up
Young & Freedman: https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/bbji/Desktop/University Physics with Modern Physics 15th Edition By Hugh D. Young_compressed.pdf
Hammack: https://richardhammack.github.io/BookOfProof/
Hmm I see
Lang should absolutely be first. Stewart and Hammack you can do in any order. Young/Freedman can be done either after, or alongside, Stewart. But don't worry about any of that now - just focus on Lang.
okay I read that, that, that and that and then the physics thing and I'm set for going to university
Read those 4 books, and you are in a super fucking solid position to go into uni, at least for mathematics and physics.
but u said they only focus on calculus tho?
Stewart focuses on calculus.
Lang is all the pre-calculus highschool mathematics.
Young & Freedman is intro physics, much of which includes calculus, but that's not the focus per se.
others will give me the full high school math experience, I see
what about stuff like trigonometry
Do I learn it in these
Covered in Lang.
alright
thanks for the guidance
I'm defo gonna over estimate myself and under estimate how hard these are
Hubris is part of being young.
Don't worry about that.
Just - if your wax wings melt off, instead of falling to your death, take a rest and ask Daedalus to rebuild them even stronger.
I focus on an area called topological dynamics.
I see
But my work is very similar to work in C* algebras, descriptive set theory, ergodic theory, and it uses a lot of combinatorics and graph theory right now.
You won't know what any of these are from the books I sent. The books I sent are prerequisites to all of them.
Don't worry about that for now, and instead just focus on Lang's book.
if I manage to read those within 1 or 2 months and understand them completely
can u teach me one of your higher graph thingies so I can do something with those?
I will make no promises, because you will overexert yourself and burn out if I do.
hmmmm but by some miracle if I do do that
Whenever you finish those books, we'll talk more, and I'll give you more books to read if you'd like. They won't be on my research, but they'll be books that hopefully will slowly build you up to understanding it.
But, I will make absolutely no promises, and in particular no time-dependent promises like that 1-2 months thing.
I pinned the list of books for your convenience.
I honestly can't tell if I've been incredibly helpful, or if I'm just an evil bastard for putting you through this. Time will tell, I suppose.
well, you gave it for what I asked in a good intention so you're helpful no matter the outcome.
So how's the revolutionary math coming along
utter flop (not yet but yes I'm near to it)
I can't really expect to make a groundbreaking thing which people have been studying for hundreds of years
without even knowing what calculus is
which is why I've got new goals in life now instead of tryna prove this right
Btw if you wanna learn how to write formal proofs you should read a discrete mathematics textbook
I'm pretty sure proof methods are covered in those
Hey @timid flume , I'm not sure you want it, but I'm gonna give you my opinion. If you really want to study math this young (do you?), I suggest you first get the basics. And I mean the very basics. If I were you, I'd probably look into the stuff that your school teaches to students older than you, and study that. After that is done (if it ever is), maybe start looking into university stuff (linear algebra, ...). Basically what I'm saying is, do things in the right order. You don't currently understand maths, and you have to accept it. But if you 're motivated, and study the topic correctly in the right order, it'll come for sure!
Already covered that with my Lang suggestion.
Aww man it's a lil late for me now...
Oh wow is that Lang book literally a pile of axioms
I realize, I did not explain this. The convention when people talk about mathematics books is that the actual name of the book is rarely relevant; you refer to books typically by the surname of the author; then maybe the subject matter if the author has written multiple books. Lang is a weird one because he's written a lot, but broadly speaking that's the rule. Context often carries a lot of weight, too.
You weren't kidding when you said learn math from the beginning
Mr Pear do you think a small child can read this book
I would describe Lang's book as covering completely highschool level mathematics, but written in the manner of a university textbook.
Ahhhh yea good good
I never liked the way high school math is taught
They drop a the formulae on you with no proof or explanation
Oh wow Euclidean algorithm
Not without struggle or dedication. But ultimately, yes. I think it's easier with guidance, I think it's easier with help and support from an adult - but ultimately I think the book is gentle enough, and covers material simple enough, to be readable by a child.
Is that taught in high school
Niceee
What's the smallest child you've seen in university
I reckon this book can get a 10 year old in with enough dedication
When I was in undergrad, one of my professors would occasionally bring her toddler into class.
That doesn't count
I want a child who's in uni for the lectures
Not because the professor had to do babysitting
Then I suppose the newborns at the university hospital's maternity ward don't count either?
Let's only count these children
Probably 15 or 16, from those I've interacted with directly. But I'm also not in the habit of ID-ing random people.
I see I see
I know people as adults who have attended university classes when they were much younger, though.
What's the average age of people who go into university where you live?
I want to say that 18 is the typical age?
Somewhere vaguely between 17 and 19, let's say, seems to be standard for first-years here.
Difference in educational backgrounds, students getting held back a year or taking a gap year before starting uni, plus the country I'm in is quite a popular one for international students to go to for university so there's a lot of people with very different backgrounds.
Alongside the occasional kid who manages to graduate highschool a year early, but they're not super commonplace.
I've heard that "dual-enrollment" is common, where highschool students take uni classes. So far I've only really taught the remedial courses, though, where a highschool student would just take that in their school instead of here; and for some reason or another I never really ran into those sorts when I was in undergrad.
they're nerds
actual nerds
I'm not
Because I don't even get top 5 in my class
I feel like memorizing is very different than being able to do something
because I might know a question which the topper might not
I might know how to solve a problem and think deeply
which is why I wanna learn the subject rather than giving some imo tests
hey I got an offer if you would take it
if I manage to read it all within a month (till may 31st)
can u tell me about any topic within your field of expertise?
if I fail, I give you anything when I can
I'm not an expert in any field
I'm a child like you
My level's a little higher yes but I'm no expert in anything
o
my only hope for a benefit of learning all of this is pear then. (If universities don't take me in after learning because of age)
Odds are you're not gonna get into uni simply by reading 4 books
They look at more than your math grade and also the Lang book doesn't seem to be sufficiently high level to get into uni
but pear told me if I read those books I'll have enough knowledge of all of high school in maths n physics
around 3000 pages
so like a 100 pages each day
I could try doing 10 pages an hour without efficiency breaking
Why would you read that fast
anything more than that, the efficiency and quality break
The point is to absorb the knowledge
yea
Not to speed run the book
10 pages an hour and 30 minutes for expressing that knowledge and understanding
should be enough to get the 3000 pages with efficiency
Most probably
15 hours a day tho
very hard
yes I do which is why I have to finish it within end of may
but a 30 minutes for reflecting that information and trying to comprehend it
Just read it while you have classes
should increase the Efficiency a bit
Ok yea that's most likely not happening
nah I don't like school
it's a burden
That means 30 minutes for 10 pages
Take your time, it's necessary to absorb the knowledge properly
no no
Oh 1.5 hours for 10 pages
Good luck maintaining focus for more than 20 pages
After 3 hours straight of studying maths most people get tired
I strongly recommend that you do not push yourself on this
well I have worked on for like 13 hours on developing this theory each day although it's near to an utter failure
so that would be theoretically possible
I just need to plan and stay focused well enough
Well you can give it a shot
if I suceed
the books are a starting point
I don't have to go to school
Most likely it won't work because it's too much
Have you ever read a math textbook @timid flume ?
Oh you absolutely do
uh maybe not really
Wait do you think that reading these books will get you out of school and into university?
@timid flume please get some sleep, it's been almost 24h now, did you even take a break in between?
why? I could just try to apply somewhere
yeah
for 3-4 hours yea
Yeah no that's not happening
not gonna happen
but but I'll have enough knowledge as a high school completed person
No you will not
so why won't they hire me in?
why not
This is only for maths
You are lacking science and language
And also that's not how it works
you have no formal training
You're pretty delusional
I can convince my parents to let me have 2 months of break for science and languages too
Depending on where you're from, the way we judge if you're ready for uni is exam
dude, focus on finishing school right now
For me that's how it works
I know but I don't really wanna live in school anymore
that's your one and only job
but 8 hours a day of doing absolutely nothing
literature nothing
They're teaching me about rational numbers and irrational numbers right now
yes and we've all been through it at one point or another
that's the only thing other than that a load of bullshit things
it is unfortunate, but that's what you'll do
yea
Also why would you say this
You have to go to school, it's not your choice. If you want to study more maths on the side, good for you. But school is priority, whether you like it or not
but I don't think that matters really
I just have to understand the concept well enough
But as pear said, you'll get the occasional oddball who goes to uni early
to be able to explain it and work on it
But you'd need to be smart
I'm smart enough to think
Well most people are
maybe it does, maybe it doesn't, if you can't focus on this, then you won't develop the discipline required to get a phd
most people don't try to pursue what they like
But being smart enough to think rationally and critically is a different thing
hmm
what would happen most if I fail
I'd just go to school
assuming that you still are interested in getting a phd
I wanna be nice but you are definitely delusional
always.
yes
Indian exams are some of the hardest in the world
I have little idea how education is organised in india
nah they're just memory tests
I'm pretty sure it's really competitive
I don't think anybody remembers anything after the exam
makes sense, there are a lot of people there
Tell that to the Indians complaining about the exam
Are you doing GCE A levels or Indian national exam
Cbse
Well if you go out of your way to understand the concept you have an edge
I don't want an edge, I want to leave high school
complaining that it is pointless or hard or whatever in discord is a waste of energy
you know what you have to do
get it done
You're not gonna without that edge
I'm gonna be honest with you, your dream of leaving high school this early is unrealistic and impractical
thanks for your concerns
It's possible but not in the way you are going about it
maybe but nobody hasn't really tried doing that tho
??
Ok nvm
But let me tell you this, if you wanted to leave high school early, you are already too late to try that
Like if you want to be on the level to skip high school and go straight to uni, you needed to read these books 5 years ago
Or any foreign university
you can try
where it doesn't require Indian degrees
Yea absolutely not
They require other degrees which you don't have
ah hmmmm
.
Also they are expensive
I assume you are going to a public school?
Oh wow ok
what about scholarship
@timid flume there are many many people in the world, you are not special, follow the rules like everyone else, I'm sorry but that's how it is
based on merit
What merit
As you said you are not even top 5 in your class
And you are in a year 9 class
hmmmm yea but even many people follow things which are wrong or just useless
hmmm
I think it can't be done
but I don't wanna think like that
agh
I see a lot of kids which hate school, but from my experience these are the kids who lack the skill to skip school
you just have a lot on your plate, your immediate focus should be getting through school
If you are really really smart you will see the point of school and you will be able to skip into uni
learn what you can on the side if you want
I am willing to help you learn math on the side
But I won't be helping you skip school
I get that you're young and impatient etc etc, that's fine
Ngl when I first came here I thought you wanted to learn more about math and develop some theorem
But it seems like you just wanted to skip school lol
Skipping school will not help with that
Going to school also won't help with that btw
You could
But why would you
I did that to skip a couple years
so I get a time advantage
Why would you do that
yea buddy as someone who did in fact skip a few grades, lemme just say that you are too late for that
there has been almost no progress in this discussion
lol
Why rush lol
Just do 2 PhDs at 40 or smth
until I do something
too late id be doing jobs and stuff
because it just seems like a way to satisfy my ego as of now
so I wanna DO something
Then I'll talk
Alr bye
Just work as a professor
finish school, you still have time to grow up and change your opinions about things
we could let him try his 15 hour/day strat
for 1 day
he'll give up in like a week or less
I know cuz I've tried similar things and given up wayyy sooner
We were all young and delusional once
15h a day on what? studying?
Yes
yeah nah..skip
What's the max time you've spent studying
4ish hours
back in undergrad when I tried to memorise things
So consistently 4h/day?
are you crazy hell no
Hmmm ok
you know how it goes
I've done 6h/day for a month before
I switched it up in my master's studies, I did consistently like 90-120 min a day after lectures
mmmm ok
Congratulations @timid flume, you have been awarded the <@&1257594408103317575> for being the most active user today.
LMAOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
Huh
I set time limits for myself, I wanted to learn a given concept within a given time limit
Interesting
at the time I needed to focus on several subjects
I feel like time limits get me through the exam, but in the long term I don't retain anything
Ah fair enough
uni do be like dat
most of my focus was on definitions and (counter)examples
reproducing some proof came..naturally somehow
Did you not have to learn the properties that come from the definitions?
as an example, I wasn't even reading a given proof I was working with the formulation of the theorem itself
draw pictures, see what the claim was, which assumptions could (if any) be weakened and some such things
They're not always obvious (to me)
I need to look at this
same
im a natural blonde..
how does that relate to anything
i was moreso looking for ways to improve my learning, cuz I tried memorising for about 2 years.. it didn't work
mmmmm ok
blondes are st00pid 
Ngl I'm a memoriser myself
But I memorise the technique from which the final solution was spawned
And not the final solution itself
ghostpings
This is nearly impossible. A page an hour is a more reasonable pace for mathematics.
i mean it kind of depends on the book, 10 pages an hour could actually be reasonable for a high school level book
even if it seems a little on the fast side
1 page per hour seems more like what you would expect in some graduate level maths book. which is obviously not whats happening here
oh ok in that case I'm not total garbage at math
the book is just hard
whew
an update guys
it's going well (if u don't consider my health, body, mental stability)
I'll most likely be able to read all 4 of the books before may 31st
motivation is like a temporarily boost most of the time. I've had many 3am motivations where I wanted to change my life, so it isn't trustable and stable. but this time it's different, I'm feeling the same motivation since January. even after I sleep and wake up or watch a comedy show, it's not going at all
beginning of this thread was hilarious
I do consider those things. They are important. Do not ignore them.
Jesus fucking christ
Math is fun, but not at the expense of your health!
best part was usap saying he wants to become a dictator and invade other countries
i was so caught off guard?? like where did that even come from??
personally i thought the best was when techie was just stating facts at the beginning it was funny asf
it was like a comedy sketch
Wait, what?
@buoyant trail
Huh.
hehe
this thread is so weird lmao
yo
I'm well on my way to completing the first book
probably will complete it by today or tomorrow afternoon
once I do that
there's like 3300 pages left for the others
since April hasn't ended yet
I might complete them all by doing 100 pages a day (10 pages an hour)
I meant what type of math have you studied already disregarding the resources the others provided.
also this sounds really ineffective
especially if you're exposing yourself to unfamiliar concepts continually
What book are you reading @timid flume ?
the first book in this
then I go to the next
and next and next.
I hope I can complete those within the end of may
otherwise I'm cooked
without the stuff in the books provided by pear, I've honestly studied nothing
just learned some things while I was tryna develop my theory
but uh really nothing else
I'm inclined to believe that you have not understood what youve read, because you're reading too fast
I'd love for you to prove me wrong though
Can you show me that the product of two odd numbers is odd? Please do not cheat it'd be obviously pointless
yeah im going to have to agree with itsf, Math books arent meant to be read at 10 pages per hour espiecllay higher level books where it can takes hours to even fully comprehend what a page is trying to get you to think intuitevly
This is definitely true. I would like to point out that Lang's Basic Math is not exactly a higher-level book, so I'd expect most pages to not take more than 15 minutes per page. But even then, and accounting for the fact that the first half of the book is review material, this still seems fast.
@timid flume How many exercises are you doing?
If you're really just about done with the book, then you should have no difficulty sending here the solutions to the following randomly-selected problems from throughout. Yes, this is 14 problems (which can be a lot), but if you've been working as fast as you say you have it should be relatively quick for you to do.
(Which sections are these exercises from? I can't remember. But, the book has a table of contents, and chapters and sections have descriptive names, in case you need to look up definitions and theorems from the book. At worst, you can use the index.)
Yeah, I just ran the numbers. The book is 500 pages; assume you skip the first half-ish, so let's say you're reading 250 pages at the claimed 10 pages per hour. That is still 25 hours. So we're looking at essentially three days of eight hours per day intensively studying. This is very fast, but it's technically possible to be where they say they are, if they're treating it the way they say they're treating it, and assuming an absolute best-case scenario. But, this still stretches credibility.
Plus, being 14 yo, I don't think he skipped the first half, nor do I think he should.
The book while being quite simple, seems pretty rigorous at first glance
And school isn't usually
At his age at least
Compared to highschool texts, yes. But I still stand by the recommendation, honestly on that ground. If the kid's going to do math they need to get used to this kind of writing style, and need to learn how to learn from a book like this.
Yes, I do think it's a good thing too
Good morning. Please do as many of these problems as you can, to verify that you're actually learning from the book instead of just lightning-fast flipping pages and looking at words: #1364337781102612702 message
hmm it is taking me longer for some pages but I'm only going to the next page when I understand something
Also I think trying to solve one exercise without checking the book at all may be a good idea
Might give you some kind of reality check, see if you have read the book properly
okay
I don't think I've come far enough for the first page
and the second page
didn't learn graphs
I got a doubt
in the third page, 2nd question
How far through the book are you?
till like page 70
This is far more reasonable than what I thought you meant when you said this (#1364337781102612702 message).
So you're almost done with chapter 3, right?
well, when I said that, I read 50 pages in some hours
but problem came when they asked me to show proofs
how do I show proof of something if they won't accept examples
chapter 3?
Can you try to show, without cheating, that if a is even and b is a any positive integer, then ab is even?
There's an interlude after chapter 4 that introduces it briefly.
if b is multiplied to a
then the product is divisible by a
because the number of times it's multiplied is b
the odd factor doesn't come in the product
because it's being multiplied to a
and if it's divisible by a
and a assuming positive number
then it's even
I feel like you're talking a bit in circles.
Write out the full proof; send it as one message.
ya I don't know the correct way of making proofs yet
Alright.
Then let's break it down.
okay thanks
What does even mean?
If I say, "a is even", what does that mean about a?
What does this mean?
hmmmmmmmmm
wait what's even
uh
any numbers that end with
2,4,6,8,0
shit... I'm wrong
can u explain me?
This is on the right track. Thinking about the last digit, I think, will just complicate and confuse matters.
hmm i see
so if a is divisible by 2 (2 specifically because it's the smallest even number)
Than any number becomes even
because 2 reaches every number when multiplied
suppose a number a is even. What happens if you divide it by two? What can you say of a/2
Nope. Consider 6/2=3 is not even.
try something else
perfect
Almost exactly correct. I would throw out the positive requirement; I see no reason why -2 and -4 can't be even as well.
From that, can you make up a defintion of an even number?
It's not even an integer.
no
but why do integers only have to be even?
"Even" and "odd" are properties of integers.
(Well, I suppose they're well-defined in the context of other number rings, but let's not overcomplicate things needlessly for now.)
I'll summarize what you have said: If a number is even, then it's half is an integer
any even number, if results in an integer when divided by 2, is considered even
can this be the definition?
not exactly
This is a workable definition, and I believe equivalent to the classical definition. Let's try and make a definition that works with multiplication, though.
Right on!
I see
Do you think you can write this more formally? `a number a is even if...'
I'll give you the beginnng of a defintion: An integer a is even if there exist an integer k such that ...
Our brains are on the same wavelength.
an integer x is even if there exists an integer y such that x can be reached when multiplied by 2, y number of times.
how about this?
Seems a bit wordy, but this is absolutely the right idea.
is there a formal way to give proofs tho? like the concept of it
use this
for example when questions like " Prove that.... "
There absolutely is. But formal proofs require formal definitions.
I see
So, let's rephrase this slightly simpler. `an integer x is even if there exists an integer y such that x=2y', I think, might be slightly less wordy, and gives you an immediate algebraic tool that you can use as you will.
so I have to find out the definition related to the question's thingy
and then apply it to the question's thingy
I see
Or, more formally, $$x\in2\mathbb{Z}\iff\exists y\in\mathbb{Z}\text{ such that }x=2y.$$
Pear Category Theorem
It's almost always that way, to prove something, you go back to the definitions
(Though, this one might perhaps be slightly too formal)
hmm i see
yeah uh lemme try thinking what they are
take your time
an integer x is odd if there doesn't exist an integer y such that x=2y
is it correct?
That is not wrong, but i don't like "there doesn't exist".
It's easier to do things in math if you can say "I have this tool that I can use" than if you say "I can't do this".
hmmmm
I see
not equals to sign?
The advantage of the defintion of even, as pear said, is that you have a tool right away: a is even: a = 2k for some k
I see
You have the same with the definition of odd
try to follow the same phrasing as the even definition, changing the maths slighlty
alr
an integer x is odd if there exists an integer y such that x = 2y does not result in an integer?
Not quite.
The definition of even is: x is even if there exists y such that x=2y.
The definition of odd is: x is odd if there exists y such that...
an integer x is odd if there exists y such that x = 2y โ to an integer
how do I do the
E Greek letter striked out
$\neq$
ltsf
but that doesnt matter
okay is it wrong?
This is not correct. By assumption, x is an integer.
From here, I'll give you a tiny bit more.
I mean y*
The definition of even is: x is even if there exists y such that x=2y.
The definition of odd is: x is odd if there exists y such that x=
Try with examples, just to get the intuition
5 = ...
only use integers
2*2+1
Right, but let's forget about anything that's not an integer. For now, we don't know about decimals or fractions, just the counting numbers.
Exactly!
And 7?
That's 10
either try with another, or generalize and see what happens
2*3+1
what pattern do you see?
Right on!
wait I think I have this
alr one sec
X is odd if there exists y such that x= y*z+1 where y is any even number.
is it correct?
it's not
hmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
try a couple more examples on a sheet i suggest
and you will be able to see a better pattern
which looks very much like the even def
So far, you have:
5=2*2+1
7=2*3+1
What about the following?
9=
11=
13=
15=
yup
one by one
Yeah
so,...
So returning here once again, how can we define odd?
x is odd if there exists y such that x = 2*y+1
Brilliant!
perfect! (note that x and y are integers)
ohhhhh
Do you think now you want to try and tackle ltsf's problem?
what is the problem
Let $a$ be an even number, and $b$ any integer. Prove that $ab$ is an even number.
Pear Category Theorem
ab is an even number if there exists an integer x where ab = 2x
but ab is an even number
because
Well, what do we know?
a is even
what does it mean?
so b of a must be even
what does it mean that a is even?
then ab is even
yes good
how do I relate it with ab
if a is even, a ร x is even where x = any integer
because there exists an integer y
Where a ร x = 2y
that is what you are trying to show
i'll give you a hint: you know that a = 2y. And you want to say something of a*b.
go from there: a*b = ....
Not the definition of odd.
This was the definition of odd.
And we don't know this.
but they said it's a*b
You're assuming two facts that we don't know yet:
- Every integer is either even or odd.
- There are no integers that are both even and odd.
We don't need to use either of these facts.
right path!
Yeah.
it's the same thing
wait wait
There's parenthesis things to worry about, but multiplication is associative, so we don't need to worry about any of that.
alright
go back there, idk where you are going
ok 2y times b
hmmmmmm
the definition of an even
is y exists where x is 2 y
so
2Y times b
by 2
exists
because 2y is 2y where y exists and is even
and so 2 y times b is
I'm cooked
so 2y times b
=
2x
where x is an integer
BUT... how do I prove
that it's confirmed
hmmmmmmmmmm
Uh
if 2y is even
then 2y times b is even
I think you're once again going in circles.
BUT how
Let's remember where we're starting and where we want to end.
okay
We are starting with $a=2x$ for some integer $x$. We want to end with $ab=2y$ for some integer $y$.
Pear Category Theorem
(This is just the definition of even, applied to both a and to ab)
So, if a=2x, what does ab=?
2xb
We don't need x to be even.
Remember, a=2x means that a is even, not that x is even.
oh
But two integers multiplied together, is always another integer, right?
So, what about xb?
Right on!
Ab= 2Z
So do you think you can write up the proof formally?
yeah
lmao, well done
When a is an even integer, and b is any integer. ab = an even integer because,
a=2y
2yb = 2(yb)
yb= z where z is an integer (because y and b are integers)
= 2z
following the definition of even numbers, if x = 2y then it is even,
We get ab = 2z and hence, it is even
something like this?
Yeah.
ah that took a lot of pain in my life and it's just a small thing, I'm cooked if I don't learn things fast
Here is a slightly clearer version:
If $a,b \in \mathbb{Z}$, and $a$ is even, then $ab$ is even. Proof: Since $a$ is even, there exists $k \in \mathbb{Z}$ such that $a = 2k$. Therefore, $ab = 2kb$. Since $kb$ is an integer, we deduce that $2kb$ is even.
ltsf
Yeah. This is more in the standard math-writing style; but I think that will just come naturally with practice reading and writing mathematics.
It's a good thing you understand that there is a lot work to be done. However, you have time
hm
I thought it couldn't do any harm to read a proper proof
welll
can u give me any other question
I'll try to do that, similar to this where I have to prove something
Sure
alr thanks
A little harder, but very similar: show that the product of two odd numbers is odd
no
huh
Be more precise
In addition to the next one that ltsf gave, there are two ideas that you wanted to use but can't. Also try proving that:
- Every integer is either even or odd.
- No integer is both even and odd.
And the three addition identities: - Even + even is even
- Odd + odd is odd
- Even + odd is odd.
odd + odd is even though
an integer k is odd when k = 2*x+1
Really? Prove it, then.
Where there exists an integer X such that
Anyway; I've got other stuff to do today. Good luck!
because k+x where k = 2y+1 and x = 2z+1 where y and z are even integers
gives 4*z+y+2 where everything is even and end is even
okay thanks
alr So the product of two odd numbers x and y where x = 2k+1 And y = 2m+1
so xy = (22)(km)+(1+1)
so
4*km+2
where k and m are even
results in evenness
uh I'm working on these
^
We helped him define even and odd numbers; now he's proving basic things about them.
did you take algebra in 8th yet?
yea
both
veritasium just uploaded a new video
ima go check it out, brb
i'll just have the skyscraper vid on the small screen thing
but aren't these applied maths books?
I think so
but they teach me everything in high school
not really
of maths
I think I've read all but the 3rd one
uh
Your multiplication is wrong
4km+2k+2m+1
Have you learnt the distributive property
4km+2(k+m)+1
Giving away the answer doesn't help
sorry
well yes
I'll say this last thing then I'll go: you just need to apply it properly, then the answer should appear nicely
from this, what does this tell you about the product of two odds?
alr
it tells me that, uh
remember any integer multiplied by 2 is even, and any even number + an odd is odd.
4km is even
2(k+m) is even
no
=9
5*5
9 is odd
ahhhhhh
sorry for giving you the answer
no no it's fine
is there any part of those books you need help with?
what kind
any kind, just giving proofs
like induction?
the format of giving proofs
hm
I'll go over more pages
and see if I don't understand something
alr then cya for now
ty all
okay
You're not. It's not big deal, but there is a long way to go
Ik you didnโt ask me, but let the 2 odd numbers be 2n+1 and 2m+1, where n,mโW. 2n+1+2m+1=2(n+m)+2. Let n+m=k, where kโW (Since 2 whole numbers always add up to a whole number). So, 2n+1+2m+1=2k+2, where kโW, which is divisible by 2.
What even is this thread
I thought this was some old thread popping back but no this is recent
Right now; it's me yelling at usap to learn math.
The best way to learn something is to explain it to urself like you're a 5 yr old @timid flume
hmm
It's basically the feynman technique
well no one who I see explained those higher topics like that
so I assume it's not really valid for higher topics
starting from senior high school
It is a valid option
See, I always thought the feynman technique was to sexually harass your female students, then take the teenage kid of one of your friends who looks up to you to the strip club so that he thinks you're cool.
wha- Lol
It's not even really his autobiography. It was written by ralph leighton (robert leighton's son)
You know you can separate the work from the creator right, just because something is bad about it doesn't mean you need to ignore everything related to a person
I didn't know anything about him except that learning technique until you bought it up for example
Alright. If you want a legitimate critique of the method rather than just potshots at Feynman; here it goes - most concepts worth learning are, in fact, too difficult to explain to a five year old. I cannot explain my research to a five year old, yet I understand that quite well. Five year olds typically lack the context to learn the context for my work. Particularly within mathematics, your average five year old probably doesn't even know the y=mx+c formulation of a line, in plane geometry.
"Explain it so that a five year old would understand it" may be legitimate for some things. It is nonsensical in mathematics.
Then you were quite a bit smarter than the average five year old. A cursory google search suggests that five year olds are generally just starting out kindergarten; this is what might be appropriate to expect from them. My comment about lines was still a grotesque overestimation.
Find kindergarten math worksheets and other learning materials for the Common Core State Standards.
Bullshit.
There is no way that you learned relativity simultaneously with calculus.
I'm pretty sure you need to know manifolds to do relativity.
yeah
So you learned about manifolds before you learned about taylor series?
earlier than manifolds
Still, by the time you were 8?
No, I was 9