#Quadratic Equations
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@mental gull You asked this before, right?
uhhh uhm.. me and him are the same..
i got locked out of that account
i asked then it got closed ig, no access to it
Oh
💀
Prove it via discontinuities
Rational functions are continuous and assume all real values on their domain
heh
he says D>=0 cuz x belongs to R
i cant understand why
.-.
pls help someone
@unborn scaffold
Hello nolifeifnomath, this is a friendly reminder that your help request has been inactive for more than 24 hours. If you no longer need assistance, please consider closing the thread using the +close command. This thread will be automatically closed in 3 days if it remains inactive.
@queen cobalt The user still needs help with this help request.
@unborn scaffold
https://www.mathwarehouse.com/calculus/continuity/what-are-types-of-discontinuities.php
What are the types of discontinuities? Explained with examples, pictures and several practice problems
go down to removable discontinuities
idk calc that much
have you done any though?
some
like limits and diff to an extent
(basic)
say that a = 1, b = 2 and c = 3, or the other way around, b still = 2
there would be a discontinuity at x = 2, as one cannot divide by zero
wht is a discontinuity
wait
ill see it rn
"discontinuity" means that the function "breaks" at a certain point
but idts this answers my doubt.. how can D>=0
quadratic never break.. i believe
either because it jumps up or because there is an undefined value
they can be
so, the point is to rearrange f(x) so that there is not such discontinuity
this is more confusing but i like it
Oh
break in the sense
it cannot input any more values right
no in the sense that there is a hole
an undefined value
or, in the sense that suddenly it jumps up
huh
this is the vertex of the parabola..
how is it undefined
yea
thus anything/x-b = undefined
yea..
is D the discriminant?
yep
they have set x-a(x-c)/(x-b) = y
and then made it into a quad eqn
is the y supposed to be a y or an X?
f(x ) = y.
ohh u rearrange
ok
my baddd
(a+c)^2 = a^2+c^2+2ca
and then 4(ac) = 4ac
if a or c = 0, (a+c)^2 > 4ac
if a and c = 1, (a+c)^2 = 4ac
Um wouldn’t IVT solve this with case division
The function is continuous on (-∞,b) ∪ (b,∞)
It also has a degree 1 vertical asymptote at b, so we get that the left and right limits go to -∞ and ∞ respectively
yes, but the question i am answering is why the discriminant is >= 0
It’s not a quadratic
they arranged it into one here
and jumped straight to the determinant
sorry
in french it's determinant
this is still true though, the function is a hyperbola
Yes
we can see which is bigger if we divide (a+c)^2 by 4ac, limit of either a or c pointing to infinity
Take b to infinity
if it is bigger than one, then (a+c)^2 is bigger than 4ac
b isn't in the determinant when y = 0
Ahhh alr
OH WAIT
makes sense
so
the determinant must be positive for its square root to produce a real number
if it is negative, the sqrt(D) will produce a complex number
heh
sq root..?
yes
when you solve a quadratic equation ax^2 + bx + c = 0, to find the two values of the variable you use:
$x_1 = \frac{-b + \sqrt{D}}{2a} and x_2 = \frac{-b - \sqrt{D}}{2a}$
Kara Ben Nemsi
finally
so
D has to be positive, also known as >=0, for x to belong to R
assuming a, b and c are real numbers, the only thing that determines whether x is real or not is whether D is >= 0 or not
that's why you were told that if x belong to R, which is a given in the exercise, D >= 0
$\sqrt{-D} = i\sqrt{D}$
Kara Ben Nemsi
(x-a)(x-c) = y(x-b)
x^2 - (a+c)x + ac = xy - by
x^2 - (a+c+y)x + ac+by = 0
x = (a+c+y + √((a+c+y)^2 - 4ac - 4by))/2
Well that proves it, as the thing inside the square root is always positive by AM-GM
Hence for any y you can find 2 x that give you that y
Lmao
it's /2a, what if a = 0
nvm, it's still defined
it just would be equal to zero
whoops
Look at the quadratic again
exactly, it would still be defined, that's what made me realize what i said didn't matter
I did an algebra mistake
I’m getting the result that if b is large enough then there’s no solutions
What
if a = 0, a in the discriminant is just 1, always
as x^2 has a coefficient of one in the equation
x^2 - (a+c+y)x + ac+by = 0
i cant understand
look at what i wrote
Yes, but with large b the discriminant becomes negative
we are solving for the quadratic x^2 - (a+c+y)x + ac+by = 0, where x^2 has a coefficient of 1, so a in the discriminant = 1
$b\leq \frac{(a+c+y)^2 - 4ac}{4y}$
that poses a problem
Ravi ≥ ^• ∧ •^ ≤
what you told was right, no? cuz i feel it is
wait i have doubt then
That’s the condition on b for the discriminant to be positive
in $x^2 - (a+c+y)x + ac+by = 0$ we have $\alpha \cdot x^2 + \beta \cdot x + \gamma$ as the template for a quadratic equation
Kara Ben Nemsi
yea
ok wait lemme figure this out, y is real for sure.. and D>=0
so parabola goes up
which means
y is +ve
or negative too..
cuz it intesects x axis
where $\alpha$ is the coefficient for $x^2$; in this case 1, $\beta$ is the coefficient for $x$; in this case $(a+c+y)$ and $\gamma$ is equal to $ac + by$
Kara Ben Nemsi
then, when we do $\frac{-b + \sqrt{D}}{2\alpha}$; $\alpha = 1$; so $2\alpha = 2$
Kara Ben Nemsi
alpha is never equal to 0, so this does always work, unless, once again, b is really large
yea
also @cobalt ether what might help is that a, b and c are in either descending or ascending order
solve $0 \leq a^2 + c^2 + y^2 - 2ac + 2y(a+c-2b)$
Ravi ≥ ^• ∧ •^ ≤
$y = (2b-a-c) \pm \sqrt{(a+c-2b)^2 - (a-c)^2}$
YES
Ravi ≥ ^• ∧ •^ ≤
u get another eqn
like y^2 +2(a+c-2b)y+(a-c)^2>=0
and for it go up coeff of y^2 must be positive so yea, ok and since it can give value 0 too we say its D<=0
?
c or a is always bigger than b. as shown before, (a+c)^2 is always bigger than or equal to 4ac.
nonono.
the discriminant is assumed to be always positive, that is what im trying to prove right now
this is what i said afterwards
what i was doing there is just explaining why, in these equations, the last one is divided by two only, because alpha is equal to 1, and only to 1, so the last equation always holds, as alpha cannot equal zero
$D = (a+c+y)^2 - 4(ac+by)$
Kara Ben Nemsi
ok quick recap
D >= 0 because x belongs to the reals, so its values must be real. a, b and c are all real numbers, so the only possible non-real number would be square root of D, and square root of D is only real if D is positive, aka >=0
that is the answer to one of your questions
you ignore that, don't do it
i don't think it's necessary
D is assumed to be >= 0 as x belongs to the real numbers
if D < 0; then x belongs to the complex/imaginary numbers
not assumed lol
we have proved its >=0
i mean u have proved
we use D only to find the possible values for x in this equation
that's it
this one?
no
. D>=0 is this equation
you don't need to develop the equation though
we are not trying to find specific values, we are trying to prove it can assume any value
the equation we get is this one
that is always bigger than zero since x belongs to R
and boom
that's all we need
we then plug in D into this equation:
$\frac{-(a + c + y) \pm \sqrt{[(a+c+y)^2 - 4(ac+by)]}}{2 \cdot 1}$
Kara Ben Nemsi
these are the possible values for x
that are supposedly always real
we are trying to prove that this equation always produces a real number
that is all
i was gonna work on math
but not this kind
lol
i got heavily invested
anyway, now to prove that D is always positive ignoring the fact that x belongs to R
using proof by AM-GM, as Ravi suggested:
$(a+c+y)^2 = (a+c)^2 + y^2 + 2(a+c)y$
$(a-c)^2 = a^2+c^2-2ac$
$(a-c)^2 \geq 0$
Kara Ben Nemsi
these are the assumptions
from this we can deduce that $a^2+c^2-2ac \geq 0$
consequently $a^2+c^2+2ac-4ac\geq0$
thus $a^2+c^2+2ac\geq4ac$
finally we have $(a+c)^2\geq4ac$
Kara Ben Nemsi
now we need to show that $y^2 + 2(a+c)y \geq 4by$
Kara Ben Nemsi
which can be simplified to $y + 2(a+c) \geq 4b$
Kara Ben Nemsi
@cobalt ether one question: we are trying to prove that f(x) can assume any real value, so we are trying to prove that y can assume any real value. how does this proof with which we have come up relate to that, if it does?
what we have proved so far, or shown, is the values x can take up
oh wait here is the relation
in the sense that if one x makes the equation undefined, there is always another x that will give a value, right?
which makes sense, y point to + or - infinity as x points to two
also i asked my teacher if the fact that x belongs to the real numbers proves that D is always positive, he said it's a valid proof
and this equation is defined for any real numbers a, b, c and y
so y can take any value, and there will be at least one x that exists for that value
this should normally be valid. if yes, wow. what a ride
This isn’t strong enough
The fact that a,b,c are ascending/descending isn’t enough with that condition to prove the statement
IVT is the way I’d approach this
First of all, the equation remains the same if a and c are switched, so WLOG a < c
After that from a<b<c you get that the range of the function on (-∞,b) is a set containing (-∞,0] and the function on the interval (b,∞) has a range that has [0,∞) as a subset
QED
i just realized. they are in ascending or descending order of magnitude
does this give way to an easier/different proof?
because multiplying a number by 2 does not increase its order of magnitude, so 4by is always smaller than or equal to 2cy. If y is negative, 4by would be bigger than 2(a+c)y, so we can add that to both sides, and 4by - 2(a+c)y would remain negative, while y would remain positive, thus this equation still holds true.
so, if this proof is correct/works/is strong enough, we have proved that [(a+c+y)^2 - 4(ac+by)] is always bigger than or equal to 0
yea
yea
wait
ill send the ans? cuz im confused, i understood half part and the rest of the half part i kinda understood but its confusing
why is D<=0
this is so fucking confusing
how can D<=0 cuz fucking y must have real values
help pls
no..
its right it seems
a frnd of mine says it has no soln
@queen cobalt sorry for ping u gotta help me
its urgent
@covert ivy i think wtv u told is wrong or i have confused myself
CEO of Funny
turn this into a quadratic equation of the general form @unborn scaffold
then show that k can assume any value
CEO of Funny
||you want to show that k can achieve any real value in the above equation, for real x. this is equivalent to saying that for any k, x will be real. emphasis on "x will be real"||
@unborn scaffold
hello
CEO of Funny
how is it >=0
oh
💀 but book says
cuz all x belongs to R
so D>=0
🗣️
heh
But that doesnt show anything
@ancient hill see this
,rotate
Couldn't find an attached image in the last 10 messages.
CEO of Funny
Cuz for the quadratic to be above the x-axis always, u need the discriminant to be negative
So that it doesnt have a root and go under
@unborn scaffold
so wahttt
even in graph of a<0 D<0 (a is leading coefficient) x is all real
@ancient hill
$x^2-(a+c+y)x+ac+by=0$
miguel_125
sooo
oH
Damn
wait
wait
@ancient hill
-x^2 +ax+ b a and b are fixed say D<0, then x is also root of this
then it means
is x real?
obv na, x must be real cuz it shd take values
of real values..
im also confused like u
D<0 so no
mf im not confused
but same case here
how so
ok yea true
how is x the root then like i get it x is root
then D<0 case which i said, x is also root there
its real in the qs case
Yea
ahhhh latex user
Yea but its not real in that case
yea
but
it shd input real values of x
for it form a parabola
yk what, i have struggling and breaking my mind on this q for 4 days prob thats the reason im doing shit, ill do chem and ttyl @8pm if that sounds good..
so sorry bro im very confused cuz of this q
pls dont close this thread yet
id like to go over the solutions cause its a very interesting problem that i want to write down
I wont lol and if i get the soln ill make sure i send it to ya xd
u preparing for IMO?
hmm
@unborn scaffold
imma explain the solution step by step
Now
u can read it later or whenevre u wantm
Wait
oh
im contemplating it lol
kk u do that
i solved it using inequalities method too ig (wavy curve)
or wait lemme be present, u explain fully then i ask the soln
Basically this is the soln.. so $x^2-(a+c+y)x+ac+by=0$ is quite clear.. now we know that $x$ is real, and since $x$ acts as a root of this quadratic, the discriminant of it should be $\ge 0$, so $(a+c+y)^2-4(ac+by)\ge 0$
wolfqz
dude leave this q for now..
if i have an equation x^2 + ax + b. (a and b are fixed numbers)
x is real no matter what cuz u have to input real values of x.
D<0
it doesnt intersect x axis
so any equation you take the values of x are supposed to be real
x is real no matter what cuz u have to input real values of x.
This is wrong
why
Why dont u understand the difference between a function and an equation
bcs i wasnt taught functions
💀
i agree
Anyways thats no how it works
CUZ here
Its equal to 0
When ur saying "we put values of x"
its equal to y
not 0
where y is variable
all eqns are functions na
$ax^2+bx+c=0$ is not a parabola if you graph it
wolfqz
No
It's either two straight lines, one straight line or nothing at all
Depending on a,b,c
5x^2 + 3x + 9
From the very basics of graphs.. this is like 8th grade coordinate geo
shd give me a parabola..
yea yea
so here if you have x^2+ax+b=0, then its not a parabola
its just the two (or less) roots of y=x^2+ax+b
So what this means
Is that if in x^2+ax+b=0, x is real
Then that means the root is real no?
@unborn scaffold
yes
Same thing here
D>=0 is self explanatory given the root is real
Yea
ill send one thing tho
?
Sure sure
in each of these it says x belongs to r
These are not the equations
They are the functions
ok so?
When u say f(x)=x^2+ax+b
U can take any value of x
And f(x) will have a value corresponding to that
When u say 0=x^2+ax+b
U can only take x as some specific values
For which that relation works
Yup
?
so confusing bruh
hmm
Here
We have f(x)=x^2+ax+b
so when we say f(1) we mean 1+a+b
yep
Now
when 0=x^2+ax+b
We cant put the values of x by our choice
Like we cant put x=1 just bcz we want to
Also its not even guaranteed that x is real now
?
But in our question
Its given in the start that x is real
So we use that fact to say that D>=0
i need some time bro so sorry, i just need to understand this a little better, i have understood but im alos a little confused
dont be sorry lmao
nah u giving ur time to explain
no problemm
wait
can we just inequalities for this?
----a----b----c------
-
- + -
this shows u can accept all real values and get real values irrespective of the values of a b c and whether its descending or ascending
btw thats wavy curve method
it really doesnt show it
ah
well i gotta understand the method u sayin no matter what
kk i gotta do phy thx for helping tho, kara said the same but im a little confused still, ig got most of it cleared thx
ill come tmr and see it again
no, i just like math
nice
@ancient hill I get that since x is real, the roots are real. However that is also the range of x right..
and in this photo you can see for example the first graph.
we will take its eqn to be x^2 + ax + b.
D <0 but however he has also said x belongs to R.
@covert ivy if possible you also help
Bro
Bro
Bro
Bro
Bro
Please learn functions
Just the basic meaning
Not the entire thing
U dont know the difference between a function and an equation
Given an equation u cant just put whatever value of x, in a function you have the liberty to do that
That's why, in a function, you can put whatever real value of x you want
BUT IT WONT BE A ZERO
oh an eqn is technically a function where its =0?
In the equation x^2+ax+b=0
bruh
x must be a zero
i didnt know that lol mb
ok now..
(x-a)(x-c)/(x-b) is a function
and x belongs to R
according to Question
wolfqz
now i equate it to 0 with that y stuff etc etc
u equate it to y
yea
mb
yeah now x is real
sorry
oh wait fuck ig i get it
holy shit
5 days
for this shit.
waw
🔥
its a little confusing ngl but ig i got it
wait can u give me 2-3 min to process
Yea ofc
we have turned a function into an equation here right
ok yea damn
i got it
waw
Hmm y is the function here
We turned it into a quadratic equation of x
like
yea yea
Yea
@ancient hill explain why D<=0 comes then 💀
Thats in the other equation
yea yea
$y^2+2(a+c-2b)y+(a-c)^2\ge 0$
got it
wolfqz
Yea
Ye ye
holy fuck bro
@ancient hill 🙏 bro had the patience and time to teach me, truly goated asf
@covert ivy thank you tho, i wont be closing so that u can note it down, however u started it off well lol, u were right,
i clear this one thing tho, equation is a function which has been equated to zero right?
@ancient hill
hm not necessarily
equated to anything basically
ye but u take that thing to the other side and its =0 now
Yeah sure
Wym
If theres an equation smth smth =0
then u can treat that smth smth as a function
And find its zeroes
Thats equivalent
🔥
Obviously
no like 3x^2 =9 is a function
3x^2 -9 =0 is an equation @ancient hill
Nah
3x^2=9 is an equation too
3x^2-9 is a function
3x^2-9=0 is an equation
bro why am i dumb or smth
yw yw
hmmm yeah
thanks
@unborn scaffold
Hello nolifeifnomath, this is a friendly reminder that your help request has been inactive for more than 24 hours. If you no longer need assistance, please consider closing the thread using the +close command. This thread will be automatically closed in 3 days if it remains inactive.
@covert ivy ping me when u done.
here he hasnt said x is real tho
hmm you'd assume it generally
one question: if this equation is more than zero, then the discriminant must be less than zero, which is always true as shown by the following steps of the solution, correct?
we are pretty much saying this:
- Since x is real, the square root of the discriminant must be real, a a, b and c already are real.
- Consequently, the discriminant must be positive, since x is real.
- We can prove this assumption by making the discriminant itself into another quadratic equation, that is this time not equal to zero but bigger than or equal to zero
- Now, I don't understand why we automatically assume that equation's discriminant to be negative, and then try to prove it. Is it a prerequisite for that equation to be true? Why and how?
$\ge 0$ means the quadratic never goes below the $x$-axis..
LordDarkpinger
yes
if its equal to $0$, it must touch the $x$-axis and return, giving $D=0$
LordDarkpinger
if its greater than $0$, it never touches the $x$-axis, so no real roots, giving $D<0$
LordDarkpinger
thanks a lot yes
it came to me after the first part, ofc it will be complex if no real value satisfies it
k when im back home ill write down the solution
k im done writing it, you may close the post @unborn scaffold
kk
+close
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