paleontology

[ancient crystal]

Mirabilis is very much its own thing.

Dimorphism would still see a very similar crest structure between the sexes, just differing in size and overall shape.

Mirabilis' crest is smooth, whereas ageyptiacus' crest has ridges running along the length.

There's also the leg proportions, and most damningly, the different tooth counts and spacing, but the way the paper describes it, it seems the crest itself is an arguement against dimorphism.

[tough parcel]

Me when I show the Nanotyrannus-T. rex dimorphism...

[winter marsh]

Torosaurus-Triceratops dimorphism superior as always

[balmy oyster]

Mirabilis also has ridges btw

All 3 crests had ridges it’s just the artwork associated with the paper makes it smooth because it was based on cassowaries (which have completely different cresting but somewhat similar)

[ancient crystal]

Then I'm misquoting the paper.

What I'm mentioning doesn't have anything to do with the paleoart, give me a sec to find it.

[spark gate]

Imagine how low pitch a dinosaur’s call compared to this cassowary that already has a low pitch roar call

[plush fossil]

I was so confused I thought I was in the #art-channel for a moment

[ancient crystal]

Welp, nevermind, it looks like the paper was put behind a pay wall since last I opened it

[paper parcel]

Plot twist, the cassowary was so loud it physically pushed the guy back

[balmy oyster]

Dw I got pdf’s for both the paper & supplementary, gimme a minute

[arctic crane]

Hmmmm

[severe yew]

behold! ⚠️❗️

breaking news! ⚠️❗️

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/spinosaurus-scimitar-head-crest

[arctic crane]

I thought the debate was did spino hunt underwater like a cormorant. Can't most animals swim?

[ancient crystal]

Yes, but its very rare that these secondary science websites get anything right, even NatGeo

You could make the argument they're using more general terms to make the material more digestible, but I don't think that counts for anything once they put their content behind a paywall.

Mister average joe who might benefit from layman's terms does not have a NatGeo subscription.

[arctic crane]

Ya, the paywall thing always bothers me. I get they got to make money and funding is tight and the scientific world but that leads to anti intellectualism

Also kinda click bait. They only talk about the debate, it doesn't really say anything about "new evidence "

[ancient crystal]

They're NatGeo, they absolutely do not need to make their website a subscription service. They're a greedy corporation just like all the rest.

They couldn't care less about any of the science they report on, they only want to squeeze every last penny possible from your wallet.

If the whole of the world's wildlife all went extinct tomorrow, they wouldn't care at all aside from how that would affect their bottom line.

[bright veldt]

imo the more pressing debate is "How overlumped is S. aegypticus?" but no instead we'll keep asking if the animal that lived around water for most of its life and hunted aquatic prey could bloody swim

[balmy oyster]

oh right nearly forgot
@ancient crystal here

[balmy oyster]

tbf aside from the "neotype" I don't think spino is that lumped of an animal

everyone is kind of in the knowledge that the whole "robust/slender morph" situation are separate to spino & many more believe that sigil is valid as its own species too

[ancient crystal]

Seeing the largest aegyptiacus next to mirabilis and the holo(neo?)type certainly raises some eyebrows

[balmy oyster]

it's POSSIBLE the msnm & nhmuk are separate to the "neotype", but we also have virtually 0 overlap between the specimens

[scenic flame]

"You can lead a paleo enthusiast to nanotyrannus, but you can't make them believe spinosaurus can swim."

[ancient crystal]

You're a god send, thank you.

Anyway, I was referring to this, "It lacks the raised, vertical fluting present in the midsection of the nasal crest in S. aegyptiacus"

[balmy oyster]

Ah I see

It’s definitely pretty different to spino’s & referred sigil’s crest, but it is also still rough on the edges and wouldn’t have indicated it was like a horn

[ancient crystal]

I, for one, welcome splitting Spinosaurus into more species (or genera) if for nothing else than the despair that would surely be writ on the faces of any spino fanboy when they're told the largest spino specimens no longer are attributed to the animal.

[arctic crane]

If they were wise they would just say that whatever the new spinosaurid is was their new favorite dinosaur

[ancient crystal]

Oh totally. My original point was that the crests of the two species are structurally different enough to indicate their being distinct as opposed to indicating dimorphism

[ancient crystal]

That relies on a paleofan having common sense

[tough parcel]

Drawing S. mirabilis with a giant fleshy crest like the basilisk

[craggy trench]

https://64.media.tumblr.com/4537fc28aa3dd6df6604f11c84ad6259/cf2d3cedff4030f3-28/s540x810/1dd44d272e35c813223c9e9e1a697065a554b888.gif

[ancient crystal]

Connect it to its sail

[balmy oyster]

To that you are 100% right

[tough parcel]

Same animal trust, I would never lie

[arctic crane]

I was just asking the other day if any animal has a fleshy crest with a bone core. I completely forgot about basilisks. It's not a comb just flesh and scales but still

[ancient crystal]

I bet their crest would make a sound like a potato chip if you broke it

[arctic crane]

It all makes sense now

[severe yew]

Spinosaurus was able to dive deep underwater ✅️

scientific fact ✅️

[covert tulip]

Imagine if spino could run as fast oml

[chilly quarry]

https://youtu.be/_HlsB3dn7sk?si=PRrBItdkeJRZSQqq

[mighty willow]

That's cool

[granite thicket]

Just a random thought that came into my head but couldve terror birds had bald heads since they lived in warm environments and were digging their heads into carcasses all the time?

[robust crane]

How big edmontosaurus really is? is it 4000kg-7000kg? or maybe like 12000kg?

[undone rapids]

All of those, there's like 2 specimens that are extremely large and probably above 10 tonnes, rest are smaller

[true juniper]

I love the look on the pterosaurs faces

[ionic crescent]

i mean, wasn't S. aegyptiacus crest broken/fragmented [which could imply aegyptiacus having some sort of bigger casque than the current depictions]? [I heard someone here say that, so unsure if it's entirely true or not]

[robust crane]

what even is deltadromeus? they’re so weird i thought they were herbivores but they’re carnivores and they actually lived with spinosaurus and carcharodontosauris and i thought they were some early jurassic or triassic things.

[coral forge]

big ahh noasaur that mabye isnt a noasaur

[winter marsh]

Wait wha

Spinosaurus being downgraded to smallest spinosaurid ever next

[green helm]

is the 7.7 meter estimate for deinosuchus belong to amnh?

[green helm]

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-07653-4 is the calc here right tho?

[lost orchid]

Guys I just had the wackiest speculative idea for Amargasaurus

You know how Amargasaurus has neck spines but it’s not solid if it had a sail back or exposed spines?

What if the spines were actually sheathed inside a skin sail and if the Amargasaurus moved the spines could just stick out like spikes. The Amargasaurus could just put it’s head down and any predator would get a mouthful of spines going into the roof of it’s mouth, essentially.

[runic heart]

What’s the current consensus on sauropod forehead tissue? Are there certain groups that were more likely to have more nasal tissue?

[green helm]

is deinosuchus skull calcuations for the length still realible?

[outer tusk]

it doesn't have neck spines it has a "sail back"

[main acorn]

Might be a hot take, but i dont think the newly found spino was moree terrestrial like some people have suggested, i just think it likely died on the way to a new location that would suit its needs

[green helm]

what about the longer legs it had tho?

[stiff osprey]

we don't know that it did, the specimens are many many times more poorly preserved than the 2014 neotype

[main acorn]

I haven't seen anything on legs, just its skull

[sand thorn]

https://youtu.be/JFAtjnKsiTs?si=-gl_untUoJiv1bR3

[green helm]

is deinosuchus 7.7 meters now?

[stiff osprey]

seems unreasonably short for a maximum size

[outer tusk]

this is a vague ass question since this depends on the speicmen you ask

[undone rapids]

The one leg bone we have is from a ~7 meter individual with a chin and some tail bones

[fossil ingot]

No, we don't know for what specimen it is

[outer tusk]

close in length is D. schwimmeri

[ancient crystal]

Its just proof that spinosaurus would keel over and die if it touched dry land

[green helm]

tmm

[paper parcel]

spino is four legged on land, two legged on shallow waters, and two legged with swimming

it all makes sense now.

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/simpsons-no-thinking-nope-skinner-gif-16471648

[green helm]

four legged if it tried to run faster on land maybe

[undone rapids]

Four legs just make you slower

[paper parcel]

Spino was probably too heavy to walk on two legs on land tbh, so it makes sense that it would be four legged on land, plus it has pretty long arms

[green helm]

it could walk on land if it was careful about its steps(if it has bad balance)

[plush fossil]

i wouldnt say it has long enough arms to walk perfectly normal on all fours, atleast without its snout sticking into the ground everytime it does
though what do i know

[paper parcel]

I mean, it is kinda like a discount crocodile, so it makes sense

[plush fossil]

hmm

[paper parcel]

its also not like wings, nor is it fully terrestial, or has tiny arms or big legs.

it just makes sense

[full lagoon]

I'm thinking it probably just walked more upright

The issue with the animal walking on all fours is less about the limb length and more about their anatomy making it very unlikely

[plush fossil]

i was thinking that

[full lagoon]

I do hope a quadrupedal theropod is hiding somewhere though

[paper parcel]

But like, its legs are just so small and its literally one of the heaviest theropods, I don't see how its not four legged, plus being four legged could help with its size. On land

[full lagoon]

I understand what you mean but as far as we know it couldn't physically move it's arms/hands like that

Perhaps something might suggest otherwise in the future but as of now it can't really be seen as likely

[plush fossil]

some things in nature just like, dont make sense
i do see ur point here apostle but at the same time

[paper parcel]

Not all sauropods are four legged, kinda

[ionic linden]

hmm.. maybe there is.. maybe not

[full lagoon]

I think the most realistic solution in terms of balance for the animal is that it walked with more upright bias like some older reconstructions of typical theropods

[plush fossil]

im not quite sure what you mean

[paper parcel]

prosauropods

[full lagoon]

And even if such an animal did exist, we'd actually have to be lucky enough to have it be fossilized and have the remains found.

[plush fossil]

yeah i know, i just dont understand how that corelates with spinosaurus, but i could be misunderstanding

[ionic linden]

true ngl

[paper parcel]

and sauropods are the closest relatives of theropods. Not impossible that some theropods could be four legged.

[plush fossil]

dare i say spinosaurus and your average sauropod are quite different..

[full lagoon]

What kind of early sauropod was most likely to be a facultative biped?

It would be helpful to look at its forelimbs and compare them to that of spinosaurus

[paper parcel]

Its not impossible that some theropods could have sauropod like traits, just like how some sauropods have theropod like traits(two legged, eoraptor) These two both have a crushing bites and are technically related.

[undone rapids]

Spinosaurus has no forelimb material, Suchomimus and Baryonx don't show any four legged adaptations

[paper parcel]

Therizinosaurus has a long neck and sauropod teeth too.

[undone rapids]

I don't think therizinosaurus has any neck material or skull/teeth

[plush fossil]

i get that but i dont see your point here
you've sorta lost me

[full lagoon]

So there's no real confirmed arms for it other than what we assume it has from relatives?

[tough parcel]

We do actually

Using Sereno/Ibrahim's skeletal, you'll see we have finger, a very slender and gracile finger that does not look like it would bear ~4 tons of weight

[charred hearth]

https://x.com/JoschuaKnuppe/status/2024691472667463897 thoughts?

Joschua Knüppe (@JoschuaKnuppe)

While spinosaurus is cool and all maybe for important in the long run will be a little paper that dropped earlier today on plesiosaurs, it explains why I draw them like I do for a while ;)
It's open access, I will link below

X · Feb 20, 2026, 3:43 AM

[full lagoon]

Does that study even have supporting found material?

[charred hearth]

https://journals.ub.ovgu.de/index.php/techmech/article/view/2328 uhm

[paper parcel]

Maybe some sauropods in very, very cold conditions would look like that

[charred hearth]

no they wouldnt

[outer tusk]

I want to crash out when I look at the brachiosaurus picture

[charred hearth]

now replace "brachiosaurus picture" with "box of orphaned puppies in the rain" , not very funny now is it?

[paper parcel]

What thats brachiosaurus? definitely not a chance then

[outer tusk]

no sauropod has that chance

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/hysterical-laughter-laughing-gif-25735842

[charred hearth]

give your marine biologist opinion on whatevern joschua is saying about fat elasmosaurs

[paper parcel]

Nah stick amargasaurus in the ice age then maybe

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/hazbin-hotel-alastor-maybe-gif-15472961

[charred hearth]

amarga sadly gets out competed by the mammoth cube

[kind totem]

https://tenor.com/view/ice-age-wtf-ice-age-wtf-huh-gif-26931408

[ancient crystal]

Why did the mammoth get frozen? Is it stupid?

[paper parcel]

guess it wasn't big enough or furry enough

[charred hearth]

your average paleogene creature

[paper parcel]

Just clip anteosaurus tail and you have hippo XD

[ancient crystal]

Should've been a furry mammoth instead of a woolly one smh

[green helm]

clearly it had so much furr it turned into a block

[paper parcel]

Should have been a furry brachiosaurus, destroyer of cold, professional overheater

[ancient crystal]

Why is the sauropod running from the weak and puny theropod? Can't it simply obliterate it with its awesome herbivore powers?

[full lagoon]

Honestly they don't even look like they are fighting or hunting

[ancient crystal]

No, no, dinosaurs were bloodthirsty monsters that fought all the time

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/ceratosaurus-allosaurus-jurassic-park-fight-club-gif-17337167

[paper parcel]

Theres a time line where the permian extinction was caused by extreme cold, and the mesozoic was the ice age, and instead of the ice age you got the fire age

[full lagoon]

Theropod just looks like an oversized bird glancing at the sauropod

[ancient crystal]

Holy frame rate, batman

[charred hearth]

monsters resurrected son or jurassic fight club daughter

[ancient crystal]

A clothes hanger

[charred hearth]

😡

[full lagoon]

Wait so the cerato lost this fight?

[ancient crystal]

Of course it did, its a ceratosaurus

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/allosaurus-ceratosaurus-killing-biting-dinosaurs-gif-17288316

[full lagoon]

He's so fodder he lost despite latching onto the back of the neck and biting?

[balmy oyster]

A box of orphaned puppies in the rain…with extreme amounts of soft tissue like that of a penguin?

[ancient crystal]

They're mammals, of course they have extreme amounts of soft tissue

[green helm]

allosaurus, the big bully

[charred hearth]

yes, because people make their pets overweight for internet likes and because they go by the saying " chonk = cute "

[full lagoon]

That could've easily been a kill if it somehow managed to get up there, especially with the way their mouths were slightly more like a t-rex

Even with the best, most absurd start possible they doomed bro to fail 🥀

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/when-dinosaurs-roamed-america-utah-ceratosaurus-allosaurus-dinosaurs-gif-11128972494469060453

[full lagoon]

Ceratosaurus: gets the jump on the allo but the neck bites do nothing

Allo: one shots

[ancient crystal]

The allo's just built different

[charred hearth]

did cerato have any wins in the walking with dinosaurs series?

[lucid gyro]

can’t that just be the permian extinction

[ancient crystal]

You might even say... its a different lizard

[paper parcel]

I tried buying cool mesozoic dinosaur game, little did I know, it wasn't a mesozoic dinosaur game, it was Evil mesozoic dinosaur game

[ancient crystal]

How awful

[plush fossil]

you may even say that those beasts of bermuda were walking the path of titans, though they were too late for we were already on the isle

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/war-flashbacks-war-gif-15101623227599407239

[paper parcel]

They are actually cuddling, because they are cold

[ionic linden]

https://tenor.com/view/holy-moly-gif-2379897567703251318

[green helm]

i cant forget the peak when the trex said: you are my cretaceous period!

[ionic linden]

tyrannosaurus saying "its rexing time" and rexed all over the place was PEAK cinema

[arctic crane]

You think dinos cleaned their feathers like birds or did they lick themselves like cats?
https://youtu.be/Q2_or-31yiU?si=L3kTZMAPKUXBf10h

[full lagoon]

Dinosaurs come in so many shapes, sizes, and coverings it probably varied a lot

[green helm]

remember when triceratops used world stabbing charge? that was so insane

[balmy oyster]

decided to search up what Cretaceous means & it was funny

“You are my CHALK.”

[arctic crane]

Your right I should have been more specific.

Let's say dromaeosaurids

[ionic linden]

what about quetzalcoatlus flying overhead the land and saying "man, im gonna go north. that'll be a piece of pie, now i am hungry for northropi"

[green helm]

remember when nanotyrannus said: nah id win and started swining on the trex

[full lagoon]

I don't see why not by any means. They'd probably try to scratch themselves with their claws too as far as I know.

[ionic linden]

PEAK!!!

[arctic crane]

They'd probably bathe in water and poof up their feathers like a bird

[full lagoon]

Dustbaths maybe too

[arctic crane]

Oh ya. Velociraptor living in a desert probably did that alot

[charred hearth]

is the number of feathered dinosaurs still accurate

[full lagoon]

Even if it is there's no way it is purposeful

[charred hearth]

why not?

[arctic crane]

There are currently around 9,000 to 11,000 known feathered dinosaur species alive right now let alone the mesozoic

[balmy oyster]

Well I think it’s accounting for non true avian dinosaurs, aka stem-birds & any nonavian theropod (unless the number stands for something completely different)

[tough parcel]

How does one get counted as .9 of a feathered dinosaur

[compact leaf]

because it’s not the total number of feathered dinosaurs it’s the dewey decimal corresponding to them

it’s the number for feathered dinosaurs as a category used in the system

[balmy oyster]

Tail was bitten off

[tough parcel]

I forgot what that was til you pointed it out, now it all makes sense

Nvm, carry on!

[paper parcel]

Guys I think I found the peak dino for casting spells, long fingers, bird lungs and biology for making noises, looks cute(citipati)

[arctic crane]

Feather mites

[ancient crystal]

Bone acquired

[queen oar]

that pic reminds me of someone.

[green helm]

There was a research that happened after the 9.7 meter deinosuchus putting it to 7.7 meters

[tough parcel]

What

[green helm]

Its true

[tough parcel]

No I mean what is "a research"

[green helm]

A Website basically

Don’t know if the 7.7 estimate is however realible tho

[paper parcel]

The research states humanity is actually being controlled by sentient permian lizards who caused the permian extinction via industrializing and mass pollution

[tough parcel]

Are you going to show us the website or?

[stiff osprey]

They deleted my research lmao

Anyway, shoving the 4.5 meter TMM precaudal skeleton into a 7.7 m long total animal would look very silly and not at all how crocodylomorphs are built

[green helm]

Sure

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-07653-4

[paper parcel]

Also, funny fluffy anteosaurus. Very Cute

[green helm]

Ah yes the even bigger bobblehead

[lofty furnace]

Is there anything excluding the possibility that Spinosaurus Mirabilis was just a male Spinosaurus

[scenic flame]

yes, there are more differences than just the crest.

[tough parcel]

Even then, there's no guarantee the crest is actually super different..

[undone rapids]

Its very thin in aegypticus acc to random iirc

Also it's slightly unlikely that we'd find 4 spinos in Niger and all of them end up being male

[tough parcel]

Have we considered S. aegpy is dumb dumb stupid dumb

[balmy oyster]

Aside from physical differences all specimens are located really far away from both holotype & neotype (also we have multiple specimens that share this crest so we can rule out aegyptiacus/“neotype” affilities)

[scenic flame]

^

[tough parcel]

This is my harbor

[scenic flame]

https://tenor.com/view/dinosaur-lick-licking-the-screen-tongue-saliva-gif-3073711549583201155

[lofty furnace]

Thank you

[winter marsh]

I like those odds

[fossil ingot]

Tbf
9.2m is from the 3D Scans, 9.7m is from smth else

7.7m may be possible for another individual
Just not the Largest

[lofty furnace]

Also is It possible that paraceratotherium or calicotherium had horse manes like that one sub from prehistoric expanse paraceratotherium mod?
*Wild horse manes
Or tapirs, some of them have lil mohawks from what i remember

[winter marsh]

chalico maybe, paracer I doubt due to its size

[green helm]

Would a 7.7 meter be able to have balance with it’s large head?

[fossil ingot]

I mean
Sure as long as you don't mean fitting the 3D Scan Guy in a 7.7n Body lol

[lofty furnace]

Sorry If that sounds stupid but How could the size change anything?

[winter marsh]

overheating. Larger mammals tend to have less fur because they could overheat. Wooly mammoths and rhinos are kind of the exception since they lived in very cold enviroments. Paracer lived in hotter areas so it would likely not have any fur or slight plumage like an elephant

[fossil ingot]

Cause the Largest Reliable/TMM in a way is already 4.5m precaudal so like
If you give it stupid proportions sure
But a 7.7m Specimen would ve smaller than 4.5m Precaudal

[lofty furnace]

But a mane basically only covers the top of the neck, How could that overheat him?

[scenic flame]

same way thick head hair and contribute to over heating in humans, my beard helps keep we warm during winter, if I let it grow out

[tough parcel]

What

[lofty furnace]

Ty

[green helm]

Is deinosuchus hatcheri no longer valid now?

[lofty furnace]

You're valid bro (i have no Idea)

[sullen cairn]

iirc cossette kept it around with like a single osteoderm character with no overlap with other species for the sake of keeping the type species a functional taxon, but according to some abstract a couple years back said osteoderm character was found in another species

so the idea now is to let hatcheri rot in nomen dubium hell and have the iczn designate riograndensis as the new type species

[green helm]

Wasnt riograndensis and hatcheri the same

[fossil ingot]

Riograndensis is Probably Hatcheri but with a Proper Holotype

[sullen cairn]

hatcheri was only diagnosed by characters that werent even preserved in riograndensis so not really
at least after 2020

[green helm]

With the 7.6 length and 1.5 meter skull wouldn’t it be hard for it to swim too? Dosent look very adapted for water in that case

[outer tusk]

what deino?

[green helm]

Yes

[outer tusk]

if it can't swim then would you think it's some kind of dwarf caiman ah animal?

[green helm]

I think it would struggle to generate enough speed to catch turtles

[outer tusk]

maybe it can eat other things besides a turtle

[green helm]

What exactly? It can’t cannibalize other deinosuchus forever

[little mauve]

We know for a fact it was eating turtles, we have a good record of turtles with deinosuchus feeding traces. Also from the abstract of Walter, Massone et al 2025

"We find that gigantism in crocodyliforms is correlated with high-productive extensive aquatic ecosystems in the present and the past"

The genus is also found on both sides of the WIS

[outer tusk]

there's so many things it can eat

[green helm]

Yes very much prey it can hunt but the 7.6 meters i find weird

[little mauve]

Why

[green helm]

Didnt the 3D scan put it to 9.2 meters

[little mauve]

7 meter crocodiles are pretty much the norm for planet earth for the past hundred something million years

[green helm]

Well kalia did get reported to reach that length

[little mauve]

We have many genera capable of reaching that size from the pleistocene to the mesozoic so I still don't see what's odd about it

[green helm]

Well yes many other crocodilians, but the deinosuchus in particular should reach more than that tho no?

[queen oar]

let's dip them in cold freezing water.

[green helm]

Alright

[little mauve]

Yes, from the paper you linked to

[green helm]

Yeah I forgot that

[little mauve]

At any rate, the head was not impeding it in the water. Especially at large sizes it was probably more aquatic than other crocs, not less

[green helm]

It’s the tail that does the most of the work afterall,

[little mauve]

Exactly, both for cruising and bursts of speed

[green helm]

Wait how long would the tail be for the 7.6 estimate

[stiff osprey]

oh they werent even estimating the biggest deino lmao

7.7 meters for TMM 43620-1 is 30cm larger than what i got

[green helm]

They used amnh?

[stiff osprey]

It says in the screenshot

[green helm]

Ohhh I’m dumb

[fossil ingot]

And the 3D Scan is better

[ancient crystal]

The bone

[green helm]

The bone… sounds… scary.. like a tourist!

[white matrix]

Are there any paleontologists here that'd be willing to give advice / an overview of the journey to become a paleontoligst?

[winter marsh]

dont die on your way there

[ancient crystal]

No, paleontology is a collective figment of our imaginations.

Its actually still the mesozoic, and we're all in the dream of a Tyrannosaurus happily sleeping after consuming an edmusthosaurus

[paper parcel]

Wish I could be consumed

[white matrix]

im learning about the potential debt it may cause, paired with recent politcal decisions that may make it even more difficult

so yeah i might actually just die halfway through lmao

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/simpsons-no-thinking-nope-skinner-gif-16471648

[winter marsh]

oh damn please dont

[ancient crystal]

To pursue 99% of stem fields is to live in debt, at least in the US.

At least with paleo, you usually have to pursue some kind of geology degree, which opens up a slew of career opportunities elsewhere with general environmental work.

[paper parcel]

Tbh alot of animals nowadays might become extinct so just become a zoo keeper and when they go extinct in the wild you can become the best paleontologist in the world

[ancient crystal]

I was going to say some snarky comment along the lines of "you might become extinct"

But you probably already want that

[white matrix]

so pursue geology, and try to become paleo that way, and if it doesnt work out, i can fall back to a different, similar kind of career? alr

[ancient crystal]

And a biology major/minor as well

You don't want to become like Horner who knows f*@% all about ecological science

[paper parcel]

I mean, I'm not wrong

[ancient crystal]

I'm trying to very last minute squeeze in a Coastal Geosciences degree before the university has enough of my shenanigans and says I gotta graduate

Both for the broader career opportunities and a better shot at paleo work in the future if base marine biology doesn't work out

[tough parcel]

You gotta graduate too huh?

[ancient crystal]

I don't WANT to, but I can't afford any more extra semesters unless some financial aid magically appears that will accept people no longer within the four year plan

[stiff osprey]

I went into biology expecting to study living reptiles if paleo failed, but then paleo failed and I decided to go teach biology instead so uhh unintentional W course

[ancient crystal]

Teaching is also always an option

[white matrix]

cant wait to get out of high school and deal with this...

It'll be worth it though, probably might be broke my entire life though but i'll be doing it for the love of the game more so than the money.

it's just that god damn debt i might get..

[paper parcel]

We really need another kto mass extinction. But just for people

[ancient crystal]

NO do NOT wish your time away, that is a very bad thing at this point in your life

Enjoy every moment now to the fullest, and keep that in mind throughout college, because you'll blink and it will be over

[little mauve]

Well said. Also student debt is probably the safest debt you can acquire all things considered. In the US at least a bachelor's degree earns you 86% more annually

They're government loans with low interest rates you can pay back when you start your career

[ancient crystal]

The US is also constantly in a state of to forgive or not to forgive in regards to student debt

[little mauve]

Thats true too. Don't let debt scare you off of a college education of any kind

[white matrix]

oh so im basically just over-reacting

[ancient crystal]

But also, like, don't accumulate any more than you need to.

[little mauve]

Absolutely, it's actually a more forgiving method of learning to manage debt than a credit card or a car payment or something. Just use your head

[ancient crystal]

It actually kind of has with a study abroad scholarship sooo, super senior here I come

[white matrix]

okay well thanks guys for your inputs! geniunely helps to hear that lmao

[ancient crystal]

Also, last thing make friends with your professors. Jump at undergrad research opportunities, my career prospects would be dead in the water if I hadn't

[ancient crystal]

And last last thing, don't trust your academic advisor.

EVER.

They are largely the most incompetent, lazy, apathetic, awful human beings in a university's administration.

[stiff osprey]

Hey! My advisor was super nice

It just happens we both have issues communicating so I spoke to him once every 3 months

[ancient crystal]

My advisor and their "guidance" is the sole reason I need to take an extra semester, it just so happens I kinda wanted to anyway.

[stiff osprey]

In my case it was the rest of the bio administration that nearly made me miss my qualification deadline by telling me A WEEK BEFORE IT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE SCHEDULED

[charred hearth]

thoughts?

[ancient crystal]

She's actually screwed over vast swathes of the current marine bio students and I genuinely wouldn't be surprised if there's some sort of lawsuit over unnecessary extra tuition costs

[stiff osprey]

Oh yeah i have a friend whose advisor did similar things

[charred hearth]

can they theroretically fry your brain with telepathic waves

[paper parcel]

Imagine having people love you-Me

[white matrix]

what

[charred hearth]

its giving
" heh....i guess i deserved it :/ "

[queen oar]

be ready, because you might not be rich in the end.

[white matrix]

can i atleast afford food

[queen oar]

hmmmmmmm... Depends where you live 🤷‍♂️

[white matrix]

erf.... the u.s

[queen oar]

you doomed.

[ancient crystal]

There's also our chem department being headed by a truly despicable woman, who goes to great lengths to hide her identity from the students because we all collectively hate her very existence

I can't find a single publication from this so called doctor either so there's that. However on the off chance she actually is a scientist, there's a scheme going around that old students will start publishing dissents for her work to bully her out of academia

[white matrix]

well its okay theres grass everywhere, ill just chew on that for the time being

Buddy.. 😭 🙏

[paper parcel]

Legit anti intellectualism in the US due to various scandals in the west(would sell my liver for a pot mod though(

[balmy oyster]

I had one that was good but then got replaced by someone not as good, but then I found a better one and she’s good

[bitter quest]

So apparently Dinosaur State Park in Glen Rose, Texas is in danger due to a large data center is planned to be built right next to it 🥀

[charred hearth]

🙁

[bitter quest]

There's currently a petition going around

[charred hearth]

is this true??

[little mauve]

Yes https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1500055

So it's not really self sharpening so much as they develop a "fuller" with use, which improves chewing efficiency

The teeth also had five different layers of tissue, more than many mammalian herbivores like horses and bison

[halcyon cobalt]

can I sign in favor

[foggy crypt]

Wtfrick is that pterosaur

[thorn grove]

their teeth are less "chewing" the way we do and more so cutting although it's a bit of both

[lucid gyro]

ithink from that it’s implied their diet was a bit more than vegetation, and could of included tree bark, right?

[charred hearth]

was it all chasmosaurines or just trike?

[little mauve]

Yes they could shear through very tough material like bark

It's all ceratopsians, it's a vertical (orthal) shear with the dental battery like a guillotine coming down. Then the lower jaw slides back and the plant material is sliced again from a different angle

[ancient crystal]

As I was reading this I was so ready for you to suggest carnivory

[little mauve]

Cycads were still common in the latest Cretaceous and true palms were beginning to become established, both I could see being good food sources for Triceratops

[lucid gyro]

i was thinking of the paleoart of a ceratopsian eating flesh

[charred hearth]

i sighed

[lucid gyro]

oh mb do we not like this

[mighty willow]

micropachycephalosaurus
The longest dinosaur name (4 now)

[green helm]

whats the name of the largest deinosuchus schwimmeri specimen

[ashen wedge]

I mean some small amounts of meat will be possible considering that most herbivores aren’t exactly purely herbivorous, but it wouldn’t be their primary or secondary food options

[main token]

Did bark even exist yet? 😛

[tough parcel]

No because dogs evolved in the

[green helm]

woah i didnt know they were in the

[granite thicket]

I can see them being like pigs and chowing down whatever they want

[frigid delta]

why do Erythrosuchus head looked like a Rex but the body looked like a Komodo Dragon?

[ancient crystal]

https://giphy.com/gifs/arrowvideo-arrow-video-judy-matheson-tfFuThNzfJ601bcKYo

[lofty furnace]

Unicorn chomper from Garden Warfare 2 If he was a Spinosaurus

[outer tusk]

it does?

[lucid gyro]

why not? i’m curious i didnt know it was controversial

[scenic flame]

Due to isotopic analysis we know ceratopsians were 100% or very close to 100% herbivorous

[glad wraith]

https://youtube.com/shorts/otLPIYdky7Y?si=0fRZC-9Vv8Icm81p

[lucid gyro]

thank you!

[robust crane]

how big is Spinosauris mirabillis?

[tough parcel]

Like...tiny baby

[lucid gyro]

the researchers also believe the specimens are sub adults so take that into account

[undone rapids]

Most animals we find in the fossil record are sub adults, being fully grown is pretty rare

[lucid gyro]

what’s the explanation for that

[jagged trellis]

ratios
alot more younger individuals for most animals at a given time than full adults or elderly

[paper parcel]

Kinda looks like a giganotosaurus, but horizontal

[stiff osprey]

unlike mammals, large dinosaurs take multiple decades to reach full size and produce many young every year, so yeah there are just more immature ones at all times than mature ones

[lavish frigate]

As sonic.exe would say

“So many babies, so little time, wouldn’t you agree?”

[lime eagle]

Was Sue an adult?

[stiff osprey]

Yes

[snow python]

Which one was larger, Mapu or Carch?

[charred hearth]

how accurate is this moetherium depiction?

[fossil ingot]

Carcha is just a Skull
But if you base Carcha off Giga.
Its Slightly heavier than Mapu
But Carcha can also be smaller
Its a mess

[still prairie]

What happens to a species when half of its material gets yoinked by another

[charred hearth]

it looses half of its material

[paper parcel]

Did the antarctic actually have forests during the mesozoic(like in walking with dinosaurs)

[ancient crystal]

Fanboys come out of the woodwork to decry science as evil

[jagged trellis]

i read that as femboys and was aboutta say

[ancient crystal]

[paper parcel]

They are peak

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/looks-around-side-eye-miss-juicy-confused-stan-twitter-gif-3737684590472729988

[paper parcel]

But did the antarctic/arctic have forests in the mesozoic

[ancient crystal]

The arctic as in the arctic circle? Because that still has forests today

[lucid gyro]

not much is known about carch however in the paper about s mirabilis there was a carch specimen found so maybe that can shed more light on the animal!

[paper parcel]

The poles

[ancient crystal]

Well the icy north pole can't have trees, because its just ice.

Even in times without glaciers (I forget the name) it would just be seawater.

[woeful falcon]

Antarctica I reckon did. But that's in part because it wasn't always at the south pole lol

The land, it moves

[little mauve]

Antarctica had trees until 34 million years ago

The freezing basically all has to do with dropping CO2 levels and the separation from Australia which created the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Southern south america, Antarctica, and australia even formed its own palynological province during the late Cretaceous

[honest musk]

You guys know they found a new dinosaur? Like a type of spinosaurus

It’s called Spinosaurus mirabilis

[charred hearth]

thoughts? https://x.com/Visceral9000/status/2025664637388161439

🦎Visceral🪶 (Tomistoma enjoyer🐊) (@Visceral9000)

For clarification only a few crocodilian species actually gallop as a means of locomotion.

The most famous example being the Cuban crocodile. However, my personal favorite example of this is the freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni)! Which gallop as a means of escape!

▶ Play video

X · Feb 22, 2026, 8:10 PM

[jagged trellis]

bro is skedaddling

[little mauve]

Pretty cool, shows how terrestriality is as much a part of croc evolutionary history as anything else

[charred hearth]

would kapro be moving like this or no

[ionic crescent]

is small so, yes

Likely half squat and only galloping under some circumstances

[little mauve]

Size does seem like the biggest determinant as to whether a croc can gallop and/or high walk

[ionic crescent]

big ones MAY gallop but for very very very short bursts

[little mauve]

Very short, they can belly slide quite quickly on the right substrate too and it's a much more energy efficient mode of locomotion

[ionic linden]

[charred hearth]

how much research would you say you've put into your kaprosuchus mod?

[fossil ingot]

Is not just a skull so not lore accurate Kapro /j

[ionic crescent]

Given that i needed to have some serious model restructures, i think an aceptable amount i'd say, tho, I was helped by multiple people the most

[paper parcel]

Kapro might evolve again? God help us all

[little mauve]

Terrestrial crocs are the rule and not the exception since the Permian/Triassic

[paper parcel]

Never forget what the permian extinction took from us

[charred hearth]

those are amphibians

[paper parcel]

I know, but they were the original, way cooler too

[charred hearth]

and yet one group is extinct and the other has been thriving for 250 million years

[little mauve]

Temnospondyls did make it over 200 million years even with croc competition for a lot of that time so not bad work for a lineage really

[charred hearth]

koola is apart of temnospondyls right?

[paper parcel]

screw dinosaur parks, we need a amphibian park

[little mauve]

Correct

[little mauve]

Behold the crocomander

[runic heart]

Probably the very last

[dense spindle]

impidens, giant predatory triassic cynodont wip

[little mauve]

komodo dragon weasel

[ashen wedge]

Any chance they could get to the size described in Primitive War?

[hushed fossil]

Gonna try again-

Design reviews: Fossil Fighters Paraceratherium

Good or nah?

[charred hearth]

chop

[balmy oyster]

It looks like pokemon

[ashen wedge]

Paraceratherium! I choose you!

[hushed fossil]

It is a Pokemon-like rpg

[charred hearth]

thoughts?

[hushed fossil]

Completely true

[balmy oyster]

People who make posts like these don’t understand what paleontology actually is

[little mauve]

easy clickbait but yeah pretty annoying

[wind prairie]

as a kid paraceratherium was my favorite extinct animal and even I didn't realize this was it when I played FFC as a kid

[tender dove]

That's called shrink wrapping

[winter marsh]

it looks like a manectric

[last stump]

No one talks about Gorgonopsids, these things could down a white bear in a single jaw snap ( females to be precise) where almost 7 feet toe to head

Gorgonopsid was basically a kodiak bear sized cross between a saber-toothed tiger and a crocodile, middle permian .

[paper parcel]

Permian is underrated

[wind prairie]

https://tenor.com/view/tadc-caine-the-amazing-digital-circus-bubble-waffling-gif-12199317582706503298

[last stump]

Yeah nature decided to actually cheat in real life 😂

[wind prairie]

"white bear" you mean a polar bear? I assume but why didn't you just say that lol
gorgonopsid is a wider clade so you're not being specific enough, larger ones are inostrancevia (the one you prob mean) and rubidgea
Either way I'm pretty sure an Ino is smaller than a polar bear and I don't see it killing one in a single bite. And why only specifically a female polar bear?? unless you mean a female gorgonopsid in which nobody really knows the sexual differences in long extinct animals
also the large ones lived in late permian

[paper parcel]

anteosaurus can destroy most modern land predators

[wind prairie]

this isn't about anteosaurus

[paper parcel]

anteosaurus is peak though, way more then gorgonopsids

[wind prairie]

they're both cool in their own ways

[last stump]

Inostrancevia type species Gorgonopsids, like i told prior, also referred the period and gender, so i supposed it wouldn't really matter going deep dive onto detail, apologeez ..I.e Latifrons and alexandri had gender size difference more like Tyrannosaurus, females were a lot bigger than their counter parts. ( hope i made it all the more clearler)

[thorn grove]

Tyrannosaurus' supposed sexual dimorphism is hardly definitive

[ionic linden]

tyrannosaurus is a creature

[last stump]

I mean the biggest species of tyranno lizard is female and its called Sue, both size and "bulk" were pretty distinctive

[thorn grove]

We don't know Sue's sex

[last stump]

i depend on using scientific terms and means to determine the facts, since paleontologist sue hendrickson referred to as "she," there is no fossil evidence to confirm the dinosaur's sex, the FM now treats sue as gender-neutral, using they/them pronouns, so i am only dependant in what they think was

[craggy trench]

The larger female dinosaurs was a old thing from the 90’s
Isn’t really a thing anymore

[tough parcel]

Have you considered Sue was named Sue because of Sue Hendrickson and the gender followed because "Sue" is a traditionally feminine name and not an indication of the animal's real life gender?

[last stump]

I'll shrug my shoulders and say "smhm i don't know" but will certainly trust in your opinion since there's no evidence even nowadays in between other species of animals about size difference

[last stump]

I mean, he called it "she" and he was a paleontologist.. what can someone expect ..All i did was to trust he knew better than i am

[thorn grove]

there was a paper in the 90s proposing evidence of sexual dimorphism in Tyrannosaurus that considered Sue to be female but that evidence has since been questioned as indecisive

[last stump]

I'm glad we came unto common ground, I do not like misinformations

[tough parcel]

I mean there's the whole "predatory birds are (usually) female-larger dimorphism" but hard to apply bird anatomy to non-avian dinosaurs

[tough parcel]

I mean there's really no harm in referring to Sue as he, she, it, they, etc

Just you might get confused looks if you call something named "Sue" a he

[icy lagoon]

nah we would've made it walk like an antelope

[last stump]

I mean, can it be proven by some type of analysis – bone, a DNA sample, or body morphology? Or something related to bone density differences between males and females?

[tough parcel]

Oh yea, definitely

Problem is we don't have the sample size to determine anything

[last stump]

[thorn grove]

DNA doesn't preserve long enough for us to find any from non-avian dinosaurs

as to the other points, the paper from the 90s pointed to I think a larger opening around the hips that was interpreted as a factor to help with egg laying I actually forgot why it was overruled but I think it was a sample size/preservation issue

we could also look at size distributions, I.E. if it showed a bimodal distribution having two major peaks instead of just one but again this is typically limited by sample size

[paper parcel]

Time to steal secret government Time machine then

[thorn grove]

there was a paper on Hadrosaurs (iirc Edmontosaurus regalis?) that believed that damage to the upper side of the tail was indicative of female individuals

[paper parcel]

But seriously if people actually did manage to revive non avian dinosaurs it would probably be a ecological disaster if they escaped, and one not easily undone

[little mauve]

If we had a large enough sample we might be able to tell, check back in a few hundred years. Medullary bone can indicate a pregnant or ovulating female but it also can be produced in males in response to injury so that's not foolproof

[paper parcel]

Cane toads also have a high reproductive rate, and are also hard to kill.

[little mauve]

https://www.naturalsciences.be/en/science/news/mating-injuries-as-clues-to-recognize-female-dinosaurs also as previously mentioned by @thorn grove

paper: https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(25)02000-0

[winter marsh]

cane toads when I bang their heads with a hammer:

[jagged trellis]

what if they giraffe it up is the real ordeal on figuring out

[quiet laurel]

Well we know its female but by the size and knowing females are usually bigger we can say its female

[rose star]

Is dizzy rose even reliable for size estimates

[craggy trench]

no

[last stump]

Read the whole thing, that said even the precise discovery in between these specific species were to be found, i doubt it would be a game changer since other species of dinosaurs were a lot more different and well, different. I remember a documentary saying that Tyrannosauruses had facial scars? Some sort of ritual in between genders but i doubt thats going to say anything specific.

[thorn grove]

no we don't

Sue is used as evidence of females being larger because one paper found it to be a female

Turns out the evidence it put forward is inconclusive

"But we know females are larger so Sue must have been female"

Because Sue must have been female due to being larger it's evidence of females being larger thus proving Sue was female thus ...

[last stump]

I think they called it "love bites" , not ritual if I'm to be honest, just harsh mating scars.

[craggy trench]

tyrannosaurs as a whole show evidence of face biting
Intraspecific conflict go brrrr
many reasons to chomp one anothers faces aside from courtship

[last stump]

Truthfully, females should be the ones that were fed the most during pregnancy, and who'd have most battle scars on their skeletons since its been said that females where the ones who'd nest during that period? And after, hunting during the hatchlings were born.*

If we take into account all the prior "guesses" that males stayed behind and females were the ones going hunting

[quiet laurel]

What

[last stump]

Goes to say that there wasn't enough evidence on the skeletal structure of Sue indicating it was a she, and plus, Sue didn't have enough scars on "its" structural build. Meaning it was a well fed rex, or just lucky enough to dominate, there's no clear clue whether she was a female or male.

[thorn grove]

Just frustrated, sorry lol

Sue was being held up earlier in this convo as evidence that female rexes were larger

And now Sue being larger is being held up as evidence of it being female

It’s different people but it’s just annoying since both were working off of inaccurate info

[last stump]

Take into account that male lions in a pride don't often hunt prey but have their counter parts do the job, perhaps rexes had similar behavioural patterns; since they've been considered as the most intelligent dinos.

[craggy trench]

comparing rex to lions is large stretch
one its a mammal to archosaur ontop of lions themselves being outliers for cat behaviour

the concept of male get food while female sits on eggs does occur in birds though

[ancient crystal]

There's so much variation in adult Tyrannosaurus specimens that trying to claim any one feature is dimorphic is pretty hard

[native kindle]

mammals both cannot and should not be used to base anything ecologically about nonavian dinosaurs, did we not leave this in the early 2010's

[thorn grove]

we also don't know to what extent Tyrannosaurus had intraspecific cooperation to begin with if at all

[craggy trench]

also that rex being baboon smart paper isnt the best to refer to either

[paper parcel]

Triceratops is actually a elephant relative-jurassic park

[ancient crystal]

David Attenborough, English broadcaster renowned for natural history documentaries, alive at age 99

[last stump]

To begin with, if we believe that rexes were intelligent enough to know they had the size and power difference between other species perhaps its no surprise the animal was acting ways we now consider impossible

[craggy trench]

[tender dove]

I was expecting to be devastated at first

[ancient crystal]

One of these days this joke is going to backfire on me

[tender dove]

If it was up to me, I'd give him 5 more years at least

[last stump]

I live for nigel marven

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/nigel-marvin-tyrannosaurus-t-rex-tyrannosaurus-rex-woolly-mammoth-gif-16836748970980530880

[last stump]

Hahah back then these were treasure to me

[jagged trellis]

me to the tegu so it doesn't eat a homeless man:

[quiet laurel]

Idk i just know that tyrannosaurus rex female are usually larger and if sue was one of the biggest rexes discover i think im not that wrong btw maybe it didnt have scars but idk i doubt a lot that its male

[charred hearth]

how old was matilda ? ( the rex in the gif )

[craggy trench]

they never give an age
the passive of time in the series is ???

[last stump]

17

[thorn grove]

the whole convo we were having before was about how sue was like the primary evidence of tyrannosaurus females being larger but that that was in fact inaccurate

we actually don't have sufficient evidence to say which sex was usually larger if either

[charred hearth]

wasnt matilda and terrance very young when they entered the park?

[last stump]

Yeah, Nigel supposedly saved the two baby rexes

[charred hearth]

"supposedly" i mean, he quite literally did

[quiet laurel]

I will still spend all my money its female xd just because im mad

[last stump]

You are not wrong, people thought others were crazy about things until it was proven otherwise

[ancient crystal]

There is absolutely no evidence that size played a part in tyrannosaurus dimorphism

It is extremely hard to prove the sex of an extinct animal off bones alone unless they have one very clear dimorphic feature such as the crests and size difference in some pterosaurs

[charred hearth]

they quite literally are wrong

[last stump]

Scientists don't even know 😭...He just doing a bet on it.

[charred hearth]

where would you guys wanna work

1 - jurassic park
2 - jurassic world
3 - prehestoric park

[quiet laurel]

Ofc jurassic World just because of more dinos

[ancient crystal]

By the same logic scotty is the same size if not ever so slightly larger than sue and clearly scotty is a male because he's named scotty

[last stump]

Scotty on the other hand had multiple fractures and and scars, sue did not

[charred hearth]

what does that prove about gender

[craggy trench]

i dont know what scars and fractures have to do with gender

[thorn grove]

because only males are cool and cool dinos fight

[ancient crystal]

Unironically Prehistoric Park is probably far more dangerous than JW

Seeing as Nigel Marvin on several occassions has to personally coax animals back into their pens with his own life as the bait

[craggy trench]

ah of course sue didnt have to fight anything cause shes a women

[charred hearth]

honestly? yeah, they seemingly did not have the budget needed to be containing these animals 😭

[last stump]

Goes to say that either of these genders were highly regarded? Daym.

[craggy trench]

highly regarded??

[charred hearth]

jurassic world was safe and function for what, 10 years?

[last stump]

Yeah, kept safe to do a specific task? Damn

[winter marsh]

not even 1, the raptors were kinda wrong

[stiff osprey]

JW was working perfectly fine until they decided ''hey what if we made a hyperintelligent deathasaurus'' and then it proceeded to be hyperintelligent and cause death

[charred hearth]

didnt jurassic world get opened in 2006 ?

[last stump]

Have you watched primeval?

[tough parcel]

What if they had named it hyperintelligent not-deathasaurus...

[thorn grove]

an unforseeable turn of events

[stiff osprey]

It has human level intelligence but on the body of like a hypsilophodont

JW gets shut down for unethical treatment of sapient beings instead

[ancient crystal]

I'm surprised that after all he went through he's still in the dinosaur park game with prehistoric kingdom

Even if the toll on his mental health led him to keeping their cloning technology for himself, and thus canonically dooming the white rhinos to extinction

[charred hearth]

i mean, appearently the scoprios rex was just fine, i did NOT know it was made before indom chronologically

[craggy trench]

he got locked away and frozen bro was not fine

[stiff osprey]

that's because it was like frozen in a test tube for several years so it didn't have a chance to kill anyone

[tough parcel]

And then when it escaped, it killed everyone

[charred hearth]

im pretty sure its the reason there was only 1 brachio on that island during fallen kingdom

[ancient crystal]

Until it was defeated by a teenage girl using the power of friendship

[stiff osprey]

actually wild that its venom takes down a Brachiosaurus in seconds but a teenage girl survives it for several hours (days?)

[craggy trench]

there was multiple brachi

[winter marsh]

it was killed by blue which canonically hates hybrids

[last stump]

Ah yeah, the ultimate buff.

[charred hearth]

dont you know that teen girls are the biggest enemies to dinosaurs?

[tough parcel]

The stronger the opponent, the weaker the venom

This is because the Scorpius is actually a honorable fighter!

[winter marsh]

blue somehow managed to get a participation on killing ALL of JW's hybirds

[stiff osprey]

Perhaps the antidote to Scorpius venom is angst

Brachiosaurus, being a peaceful creature, has no angst in its body, while the average teenage girl has several kilograms of it

[ancient crystal]

Well duh, dinosaurs are a boy thing! Otherwise they'd be all pretty and pink

[charred hearth]

did we ever find out what rexy was doing while the scorpius rex was casuing a rampage on the island

[craggy trench]

chilling on main street

[ancient crystal]

Proabably getting her ass kicked by some theropod half her size like usual

[winter marsh]

aura farming

[charred hearth]

has rexy won any fights against large carnivores by herself

[last stump]

[stiff osprey]

she uhh beats a tarbosaurus in a non canon season of camp cretaceous

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/simpsons-no-thinking-nope-skinner-gif-16471648

[charred hearth]

granny really can only fight mid tiers...

[ancient crystal]

Not even a granny anymore with the new lifespan estimates, she's just that bad

[charred hearth]

oh what changed?

[ancient crystal]

30 is like normal adult now rather than being on the verge of turning to dust

[winter marsh]

she aura farms on some carnos all the time

[jagged trellis]

(common sense)
they revised age spreads

[thorn grove]

big ol new paper now that the nanotyrannar is not considered a juvenile rex specimen

[tough parcel]

(It was in the works alongside NanoT)

[charred hearth]

so what im understanding is, rexy only has 1 win against a tarbosaurus, 1 tie with Lady Margaret and 1 was non cannon and jurassic park: the game was semi cannon?

[ancient crystal]

I'm pretty sure there's signs sue was in decently bad shape by the time she died

[ancient crystal]

1 non-canonical win in a fight that she loses if the viewer chooses the wrong path

[charred hearth]

oh my god rexy.

[little mauve]

Yeah she's arguably the most pathological rex known

[ancient crystal]

That same fight has been scrubbed from Netflix on top of being non canon

[craggy trench]

sue: i didnt hear no bell

[charred hearth]

rexy TREMBLES when speckles the tarbosaurus walks into the room

[little mauve]

Holes in her jaw, leg infection, healed ribs, arthritis

[ancient crystal]

Well, she was literally found dead in the dirt, so I think she eventually heard it loud and clear

[craggy trench]

eventually yes

[compact leaf]

wouldn’t be surprised if she was deaf by the end too

[little mauve]

And an arm injury and possibly gout

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/carnotaur-tyrannosaurus-trex-dinosaur-fight-gif-17293445

[ancient crystal]

She sounds more like an old settler of the American West

Well, she was old, and lived in the American West... all she needs now is evidence she died of dysentery

[queen oar]

@ancient crystal is true that you eat natural metals?

[craggy trench]

sue played the Oregon trail trust

[charred hearth]

the way speckles just randomly started fighting demons in the third movie

[little mauve]

https://tenor.com/view/deadwood-welcome-al-swearengen-ian-gif-6185101501133823489

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/grinch-yes-no-indecision-the-grinch-gif-15678946

[winter marsh]

had to fight an opponent that matched his stenght

[stiff osprey]

Tbf lady margaret loses a horn in that fight and is never seen again while rexy is completely fine so it's safe to say she wins

[charred hearth]

so she has one win against a animal her own size

[winter marsh]

doesnt she tie with pierce too (nvm mightve been another rex)

[charred hearth]

who the hell is pierce

[ancient crystal]

Ah, but since that fight she's incapable of matching the strength of any decent opponent, so clearly Lady Margaret and not the massive time skip and outdated impression of rex lifespan is the cause

Thus Lady Margaret has the last laugh

[charred hearth]

okay i remember pierce

[queen oar]

people be naming dinosaurs anything these days

[ancient crystal]

THIS ROTTEN FANBASE NAMED THE GIGA ZEB

[winter marsh]

winconsinpissceratops

[stiff osprey]

To be fair the fact that they made her grow to full size in 3 years would have dramatically shortened her lifespan if they had any care for logic in the franchise so she should be dead by now anyway

[queen oar]

I'd like Zeb actually 😛

[craggy trench]

rexy shows up in the next jurassic world movie trust

[ancient crystal]

https://giphy.com/gifs/arrowvideo-arrow-video-judy-matheson-tfFuThNzfJ601bcKYo

[winter marsh]

tbf I think thats actually the cannon name for the giga, just like Roberta is rexy's

[charred hearth]

Big Eatie > rexy

[stiff osprey]

i would put zeb on the same level as rexy but neither of them are nearly as bad as snock

[queen oar]

you know what is a epic combo?

[ancient crystal]

A cheeseburger and fries?

[craggy trench]

wait
randoms not joking

[charred hearth]

Big Eatie
fought spino and won
beat up pierce
beats up allosaurus
beats up a pack of atricoraptors

[queen oar]

A Giant Triceratops named Big Bertha

[winter marsh]

tbh they had to double gang the spino

[stiff osprey]

you're telling me they saw the absolute terminator theropod that kills a rex in a single strike and named it the sound i make when i'm trying to hold in a sneeze and someone makes me laugh

[ancient crystal]

That sentence is one word away from having an entirely different meaning

[winter marsh]

https://tenor.com/view/freddy-freddy-fazbear-fnaf-surprise-bear-gif-10797545912537514262

[queen oar]

careful the mods might be watching

[ancient crystal]

If the mods were watching this whole discussion would have been deleted for not being about the science of paleontology

[craggy trench]

https://klipy.com/gifs/spinosaurus-dancing-jp-3

[winter marsh]

its named after zebras but they couldve legit named it Smoker or smth

[queen oar]

something something " Mercy is not the same as tolerance " ahh quote

[tough parcel]

I thought "Snock" was an unofficial fan name that gained popularity cause people were clowning on it

[ancient crystal]

Or just not give it a name because its a bum ass addition to a bum ass movie that doesn't deserve the recognition it gets

[charred hearth]

does rexy beat the hell creek nanotyrannus's or does she tremble in fear to them

[tough parcel]

Beaten due to being larger and Rexy always wins if larger

[craggy trench]

she seems to handle carno and smaller just fine so
prob a gg to nano

[stiff osprey]

In camp cretaceous season 78 Rexy loses to a small group of juvenile raptors so I think two nanos can take her down

[tough parcel]

Or does this mean the juvenile atrocis are stronger than Velos because Rexy wiped shop with a velo pack

[ancient crystal]

Yeah, I don't think rexy is capable of winning any fight solo

At this point she's a better example of the worf effect than worf himself

[winter marsh]

https://tenor.com/view/giganotosaurus-giga-gigantosaurus-giganotosaur-gif-18474210

[charred hearth]

atleast she has a guarenteed win against x-rex

[queen oar]

Would you guys eat a fossil ?

[winter marsh]

we should erase humans from the franchise and make it all about dino fights. I was see the JW stego beat up some Baryonyxes

[queen oar]

I mean, at that point that is just " we have Jurassic Fight Club at home " no?

[ancient crystal]

I know you’re joking, but a worryingly large amount of people genuinely think this way

[ashen wedge]

What did I miss?

[ancient crystal]

Sometimes I worry about you

[queen oar]

Sometimes????????

[paper parcel]

it would sell well though

[ashen wedge]

For dinosaurs or for the humans?

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/simpsons-no-thinking-nope-skinner-gif-16471648

[paper parcel]

good question, both? idk maybe you could be a dinosaur

[ashen wedge]

Huh? I am now worried

[ancient crystal]

Neither? Neither. Neither’s good.

[paper parcel]

Anime dinos? nah but fr people just buy anything nowadays as long as its unique enough and isn't half baked. It would still be better then most "jurassic park" movies nowadays

[queen oar]

The Freakazoids.

[paper parcel]

Hot take, most jurassic park movies nowadays might be ai generated, their just that bad, like how the d rex gets released because of a totally not paid ad snickers bar wrapper

[ancient crystal]

The last one looked AI generated, but I think that’s more a consequence of AI stealing disproportionately from Jurassic park + the movies (imo) over-saturation, rather than it actually being AI generated

[queen oar]

I think it doesn't really matter

[ancient crystal]

It doesn’t I’m just making a comment related to what they said

[paper parcel]

Average dino video nowadays, "Hippos could destroy trexes due to their serperior speed and bite.

[ancient crystal]

You forgot the mammalian cunning. I hate google so much.

[queen oar]

pokemon speed?

[paper parcel]

Aliens in 10 thousand years be like "Humans were so smart they just used their mind powers to hunt"

I think people just got sick of dinos being a bit strong and tried to overestimate other animals in comparison.

[queen oar]

I think people are just tired of T. rex in general

[paper parcel]

Me too

[ancient crystal]

I think people pretend Tyrannosaurus has a much more biased presentation in media than it actually does and are annoyed over something that essentially doesn’t exist. Like people who pretend shrinkwrapping or fodder herbivores are still problems in paleo.

Giga or spino are much more annoying when it comes to how they are represented and interacted with if you ask me.

[paper parcel]

No you don't get it, giganotosaurus was really a Giga sized dino that could destroy trexs and sauropods via sneezing/jk

tbh though I do wish there was more media of giganotosaurus actually, pack hunting, the only thing I found was a giga vaguely annoying a arg in walking with dinosaurs

[charred hearth]

who's 2nd in the big three, giga or spino

[queen oar]

how can you say that when Giga and Spino probably lack the annoying aspects Tyrannosaurus has both culturally and online?

[charred hearth]

" spino probably lack the annoying aspects tyrannosaurus has both culturally and online " im gonna hold your hand when i say this

[craggy trench]

we've gone down that convo topic before we dont need a round 2

[paper parcel]

So your saying, trex wasn't invincible or capable of taking down 10 argentinosaurus?

[craggy trench]

he would get flattened

[queen oar]

If you gonna say JP3 Spino Fans, do I really need to state the obvious?

[paper parcel]

who would win, full time land predator with crushing bite, or four legged fake crocodile

[queen oar]

" Oh Spino is also annoying because of a Fake Animal from a Movie that does not even represent anything currently about Spinosaurus, but I'm gonna use that example... Because I don't have any other examples "

Like, at best, the most annoying thing Spino has at the moment is " Oh no a new paper!!! " memes, and that's it.

[ancient crystal]

They have them in abundance

[queen oar]

where?

[ashen wedge]

Granted we don’t know how dinosaurs really are able to think, as we only have the bones to go off of, but if reptiles and birds are smart, then it’s not too far off to say that it was intelligent since it had a big brain, and intelligence is hard to pin point

[ancient crystal]

Giga being the largest carnivore ever based on a fragment of a chin, and all the discourse that followed. Everything about spino “fans” after 2001.

The animals themselves aren’t annoying, but neither is rex if that’s what you’re trying to get at.

[foggy river]

Rex personally prank calls me every week

[ashen wedge]

Sorry, that’s me, I use the Rex Voice changer

[foggy river]

X is overrated/underrated/annoying is my least favorite convo so i will strike with

Chasmosaurs or centrosaurs?

Or rather, chasmosaurines or centrosaurines

[queen oar]

Yeah, and let me guess, you gonna say those elements are still prevelant today... Despite the fact that most topics about theropods surround Tyrannosaurus, most videos about " Large Theropods " or " Megatheropods " or whatever glupsh#$o term someone invented it's about comparing to Tyrannosaurus. But somehow, Giganotosaurus and Spinosaurus get as equal amounts of attention, am I right?

[craggy trench]

nearly every popular dino has annoying fans
trying to say some are worse than others just makes the matters worse
the animals are innocent in all of thise
and you are allowed to not like a species for any reason just like anyone is allowed to like one

[foggy river]

No rational opinions allowed here get out

[queen oar]

I don't know man, I think it's that thing of like " When you see it at the front of you, it's kinda obvious " you know?

[ancient crystal]

They absolutely are. Have you never seen a spinosaurus fan say “Paleontology ruined spinosaurus!” Because I have.

[craggy trench]

Tyrannosaurus is involved in a lot of papers and convos cause we have a lot of information on it so its a good base for resaerch on other therapods

now the media sites that go
NEW DINO BIGGER THAN REX
or
TREX RELATIVE

do get a bit old so ill give you that

[paper parcel]

nearly every popular dino has annoying fans- The average Cotylorhynchus enjoyer

[fossil ingot]

Still funny some ppl still Think Giga actually Lived with Argent thx to that Doc

[ancient crystal]

The constant measuring against rex is surely not a hit against it, and rather against the culture that’s formed in spite of the animal.

I also really hate talking this way since I’m of the opinion no animal is able to be over or under rated, but I don’t see another way to articulate my thoughts,

[foggy river]

He spelled theropod wrong everyone laugh

[queen oar]

You cannot tell me that, when most people who say that, are not even remotely involved in paleo spaces. Because if you say, back then, per say 2014 to 2018? Yes, it did a take a lot of time for people to accept that. But to say that is somehow prevelant today, when it clearly isn't people who are remotely interested on the animal itself, and more so related to, and I quote it again, a " Fake Animal ". Then, will you seriously count that as an example? And if so, how is that not a irrelevant minority?

[ashen wedge]

Personally, my favorite Ceratopisian is Utahceratops

[paper parcel]

Psittacosaurus

[craggy trench]

hard agree
this whole convo that keeps getting brought up is just sad at this point

[ancient crystal]

I can tell you that, I just did tell you that, and cherry picking isn’t helpful for your argument

[foggy river]

Tbh what I like to do is
When people get annoying about the dinosaur they like
I listen to people I like instead
It is healing
If everyone did that then things would move in nicer direction

[fossil ingot]

Mine is Torosaurus
Adam will hopefully revive the Hype for this Cool animal

[craggy trench]

uhg hard choice
hmmm
centrosaurines i think

[queen oar]

Truly. Because this is such a common behaviour that you can almost definetly find examples, where majority of people will react to any Spino paper " Paleo ruined Spinosaurus!! "

I don't think so.

[foggy river]

Peak taste

Im team chasmosaur myself tho there are some really nice centros

[paper parcel]

We all know the truth about spino

[queen oar]

Yup.

[paper parcel]

ngl if spino was four legged maybe it could have galloped like croc?

[foggy river]

I really like chasmosaurus itself funnily

[craggy trench]

weirdo /j

[queen oar]

I think the only issue would be the limbs probably not being good at that. Assuming that this only appeared recently on Spinosaurus

[foggy river]

Name yours then :3

[paper parcel]

GET PACHYrhinoed

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/peter-griffin-gif-17217568857505825610

[craggy trench]

the humble sty

[queen oar]

@foggy river do you do art?

[ashen wedge]

Won’t disagree, but nothing beats Utahceratops for me, since I remember learning about it from the paleo facts at the end of Dinosaur Train with Paleontologist Doctor Scott D. Sampson

[foggy river]

Poorly

[tough parcel]

https://tenor.com/view/fant4stic-say-that-again-gif-16690486418948643620

[queen oar]

Can we see it?

[foggy river]

um ok mostly i do lil goobies but i have some paleo relevant art

[ancient crystal]

Meh, its beaten by anything not from one of the least interesting states in the Union

[paper parcel]

Send these images to ragebait paleo fans

[ashen wedge]

I should specify I wasn’t on set or anything, I was just a kid watching Dinosaur Train

[queen oar]

hey that sauropod reminds me of someone.

[ashen wedge]

Utahceratops is better than most of the dinosaurs found in the Union States (unless if you are counting the territories that the Union owned but didn’t have as states yet)

[foggy river]

cant find anything id properly quantify as 'paleo' channel appropriate but ive made some emotes like

[ancient crystal]

Dinosaur train is really morbid when you think about it

“Hey kids (and random Tyrannosaurus child) do you want to time travel to a time where our kind didn’t exist and meet new friends who have been long dead by the time you were born?”

[ashen wedge]

The one with either the Pachy or Stygi in the first one looks reasonable, along with the Pachyrhinosaurus….

[foggy river]

i dont draw a ton of paleo cause i try and its wrong and i get mad

[outer tusk]

This reminds me of a YTP during the season 1 run that showed Buddy died becayse he crashed into a tree

[queen oar]

I like Marsh.

[craggy trench]

[ashen wedge]

Yeah, and I always thought as a kid that the Allosaurus skeleton they find was indeed Alvin (the allosaurus that they meet)

[ancient crystal]

I’m sorry, are you implying Utah is not part of the Union?

[queen oar]

I mean is it THAT wrong?

[ashen wedge]

It wasn’t a state during the Union….. but a territory of the Union

[ancient crystal]

The… the united states, is still a union and can still be referred to as such

[foggy river]

im picky LOL
ill throw sth in #art-channel

[ashen wedge]

Oh…. Confusing since the Union to the United States refers to the Pre and during Civil War time era, and no one in America calls America the Union unless talking about the Civil War, or “a Union of States underneath a federal government”

[ancient crystal]

No, the US is still officially referred to as The Union in some respects, I was using that terminology to try and be humorous in excluding Utah as an interesting state

[ashen wedge]

It just left me confused, but you got the right spirit tho

[paper parcel]

Send this to ragebait permian fans

[ashen wedge]

I don’t believe that it’s not impossible for them to have had fur or hair tho…. Considering the fossilized dung we found from them….

[outer tusk]

the fur is too much though

[queen oar]

There is not even a single recent Giganotosaurus skull that wasn't done by Folkes

[outer tusk]

yes Dan Folkes also did this skull ofc

[queen oar]

attention on recent, Sir Kuitaran. I don't wanna to suspect that you don't know how to read, Sir 😔

[outer tusk]

TECHNICALLY 2010s could be considered RECENT in some way but yes the joke still stands as Dan is obviously not the only to do make one (also please don't call me sir it's weird)

[ashen wedge]

The amount might have been too much, but to some extent they would have had it

[queen oar]

could isn't necessarily definetly. But sure, if you say so, dude.

[paper parcel]

BuT No, ThEy ArE NoN MaMmAlIaN ThEy CaN'T HaVe FuR-some people

\

[ashen wedge]

Granted they are semi-proto-mammalian, if my memory serves correctly

[ancient crystal]

They are semi-proto-kinda-sorta-not-really-but-maybe-just-a-bit mammals

[tough parcel]

They are suck

[paper parcel]

We really should just bring back synapsids instead of dinosaurs if we get the technology. ice age cynodonts too

[ancient crystal]

You do that and feel the crushing disappointment of them being entirely bald

[paper parcel]

Probably not entirely, elephants have tiny hairs to disperse heat more effectively, ice age mammals are the opposite and very based.

[ancient crystal]

https://giphy.com/gifs/leroypatterson-wish-monkey-paw-fSGqUm3IcVBESFM0hK

[ashen wedge]

So they are they proto mammals or relatives of protomammals?

[paper parcel]

Yes

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/simpsons-no-thinking-nope-skinner-gif-16471648

[ancient crystal]

I read snakes as sharks and was two seconds from having a brain hemorrhage

[ashen wedge]

So where would the gorgons be classified as…. In the non-mammalian lineage? As ancestor to mammals or completely non-mammalian?

[ancient crystal]

Not sure where mythological snake women would go tbh

[paper parcel]

Cynodont with stem mammal traits or reptillian traits

[ashen wedge]

I meant Gorgonopsians, but now you have me curious about which lineage that the Greek mythological snake women will be in…. Since they can interbred with humans….

[ionic linden]

would spinosaurus be a skibidi sigma or just a sigma
-# (revoke my speaking license please)

[paper parcel]

gorgonopsids aren't that far from cynodonts, although technically not mammalian

[ancient crystal]

https://giphy.com/gifs/arrowvideo-arrow-video-judy-matheson-tfFuThNzfJ601bcKYo

[ashen wedge]

https://tenor.com/view/flame-thrower-leonardo-dicaprio-lance-flamme-burn-burning-gif-21661296

[paper parcel]

Lamia were known to eat men whole. kinda like how dinosaurs did to small cynodonts.

[ancient crystal]

Lots of people giving me a reason to use this gif today

I like how you said "revoke my speaking privileges" and we just chose to baptise you in flame instead

[restive crag]

Finished this it’s the most cursed animal ever

[ionic linden]

https://tenor.com/view/brachiosaurus-death-jurassic-world-fallen-kingdom-gif-10274959905927866149

[paper parcel]

Chimpanzee hobbit or dwarf

[ancient crystal]

Why didn't the brachiosaurus just swim? Is it stupid?

[ionic linden]

because too slow to get to water

[paper parcel]

What if, sauropods were semi/fully aquatic?

[ashen wedge]

No, it was because the director wanted it dead

[ancient crystal]

Its just funny because in literally the next movie they have all the animals move towards a central lake to escape an inferno

[full lagoon]

Yes, most JW dinosaurs are.

[ashen wedge]

Wasn’t that debunked almost a century ago?

[paper parcel]

Spec evo not this

how well could sauropods swim though?

[ancient crystal]

Somewhere between a hippo doggy paddling and a brick

[paper parcel]

True, doesn't help not having dense bone makes you bad at diving.

Also theres a solid chance their might have been even bigger icthyosaurs then found, so big they might not fossilize.

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/i-dont-believe-you-gif-24248233

[little mauve]

Some could probably swim fairly well or at least bounce along the substrate, they probably floated rather well. We have plenty of sauropods from island environments and over water dispersal events aren't impossible

[paper parcel]

plus whale bones fall to the abyssal zones of the ocean and the abyssal/hadal zones are kinda bad at fossilizing. Also bone worms exist that eat dead bones

[ancient crystal]

I have absolutely zero faith larger ichthyosaurs existed

[paper parcel]

I doubt

[ashen wedge]

It’s possible since we can’t really dig up fossils from underneath the oceans

[quasi token]

yeah i kinda doubt any ichthyosaurs were bigger than blue whales as cool as it would be, blues are very weird and specialized animals that already push the limits of biology as is

what i'm far more curious about is why ichthyosaurs could get so large in the triassic but seemingly nothing from the jurassic or cretaceous even gets particularly close

[thorn grove]

more chicken nuggets to eat

[paper parcel]

Nah

Movable house, just get eaten whole by a shonisaurus with a special suit and let it take you places

[digital ingot]

Is that the aust colossus or the Ichthyotitan holotype?

[paper parcel]

ichthyotitan

[raven flare]

What is the trex was a worm and a chicken combined because the tail…

[serene sedge]

Probably like the average large animal tbh, we have sauropods tracks where the animal basically walked along a river/lakebed with its forelimbs if that is any indication on how they moved in water.

[wind prairie]

you know how people call compsognathus compies?
can we start calling alvarezsaurids alvies?

[paper parcel]

avlitrailian

[balmy oyster]

I think this is something pretty noteworthy that more people should know, even I didn't fully know this

[icy lagoon]

really? thought everyone knew

[frigid delta]

how accurate is Ray Vantrell's Spicomellus?

[dense spindle]

Son 😭😭😭 . Permian synapsids got mogged by their triassic predecessors. Chill with the glaze

1. Trucidocynodon
2. Impidens
3. omingonde cynognathid
4. lisowicia
5. scalenodontoides

[thorn grove]

what is this in reference to, scleral rings?

[balmy oyster]

yes

[last stump]

Low energy 🪫 rn, but thank you for the enlightenment

[dense spindle]

np

[grizzled depot]

How's Suchos size in this game?
Perfect, oversized, undersized?

[green helm]

how big is it

[plush fossil]

Around 2 rhamphs tall give or take
-# do not believe a word I say

[charred hearth]

@balmy oyster i know you like ceratopsians so i think you'll enjoy this https://x.com/King_Edmarka/status/2025741301652599067

👑 King Edmarka 🦖 (@King_Edmarka)

Ceratopsian reconstructions from Edwin H. Colbert's "The Dinosaur Book", from 1945. These are honestly AMAZINGLY anatomically sound for such a year; look at the Styracosaurus in particular and then compare it to most depictions of it for the next 2 decades.

X · Feb 23, 2026, 1:15 AM

[balmy oyster]

A really good portrayal, this being from 1945 is surprising

[charred hearth]

has anyone ever heard of or seen Edwin H. Colbert's "The Dinosaur Book"? seeing how good the ceratopsian, i wonder how the rest look

[charred hearth]

https://archive.org/details/dinosauruli13colb/page/36/mode/2up heres a link if anyone wishes to read what paleontology was like in 1945

[lofty creek]

FUH

what were the reviewers even doing

[charred hearth]

I don't get it

[lofty creek]

same tibia

[balmy oyster]

Another specimen has some tibia material so it either might be a typo or that specimen was also used

[charred hearth]

How accurate is this Andrewsarchus depiction?

[scenic flame]

Oxilaia is overrated.

[halcyon cobalt]

not what predecessor means pal

[quick lintel]

.. am I dumb for not understanding how bones inside of eyeballs would work... I have.. never heard of that...

[quick lintel]

fact checked by real American patriots. This is real.

[coral forge]

Usually they're in deep diving aquatic creatures like ichthyosaurs to stop the eyes from imploding with the pressure, not sure what their function is in terrestrial animals though. I think it was to do with low light vision or something

[quick lintel]

Interesting????!!! That's really crazy actually. I don't know biologically how the bones would like.. form.. or materialize. Are they born with those, or do they form and harden later kind of like plates fusing in most vertebrates? I'd think it'd impact vision negatively, since all eyeballs work more or less the same with light refraction and reflection off of the inside of the eyeballs. But I guess the bones could be just outside/cradling that structure rather than obstructing it... that's so weird

I cannot imagine bones being IN my eyes though. Even if they could be objectively helpful. Eyeball bones sound freaky ...

[pliant cedar]

is rex a niche dinosaur

[pliant cedar]

its eyes were huge but its skull is so monstrous that they look tiny

[halcyon cobalt]

they help support the structure of the eye on land as well

[plush fossil]

does anyone have a maip skeletal/size chart? someone in another server was saying its like, the size of carcharodontosaurids* (they used tt and carch itself as a size thingy) or something but ingame its smaller than a dasp or whatever

[plush fossil]

thank you, so how big is it compared to what i listed in my message? nws if you dont have anything that specific

[undone rapids]

Much smaller than rex and Daspletosaurus too(though I don't have that here, its basically a 9-10 meter animal). Similar in size to Carnotaurus basically

[plush fossil]

thank you!

so maip is a little smaller than daspleto then? or is it the other way around

[undone rapids]

Yeah a bit smaller than that, 9.6 meters vs 8.5 meters in length

[plush fossil]

thank you!

[plush fossil]

''that, to me, looks like a carnotaurus next to something like M. namunhuaiquii or even just straight up an australovenator, and then a t.rex. the 2nd image is a daspletosaurus and idk exactly what that middle megaraptoran is but im assuming it is M. namun.../australo. Maip stood around 10ft tall at the hips and 33ft long, whilst weighing anywhere from 4-5 tons. T. rex stood at around 4 meters tall and ~39ft long ;-; I don't think you can compare maip to a carnotaurus if that's what that is??? then the rex being THAT much taller isn't representative of what we know about maip's height, unless a new study came out. also I dont think they scale the same those images
AGAIN I COULD BE WRONG WHAT DO I KNOW
and then the carno is tiny too
its like half the size of the rex
it looks like sue next to some random adolescent maip and carno
8.5m is still like 30-ish feet and size can vary''
these are a couple of different messages compiled into one for convienence, they were said in response to my messages so it may seem a little out of context

their response above btw
dw i've been given permission to share this

[fossil ingot]

Thats Oudated Maip Size

[plush fossil]

thought so, so 8.5m is correct?

[fossil ingot]

Here the explanation of why 8.5m instead of the Old Usual 10m

[undone rapids]

We also don't have any well preserved leg bones from maip, so its height estimates will vary

[plush fossil]

alright thank you!

[fossil ingot]

Thats why Aerosteon is the True Goat

[coral forge]

Bolivian footprint solos

[ionic linden]

true

[wary bluff]

I love paleontology

Crazy that like Citipati means like "Funeral Pyre Lord" and there was Troodontid remains discovered in a nest.

[tough parcel]

The fact someone can type this and mean it disappoints me

[paper parcel]

I love Aerosmith

[ashen wedge]

What did I miss about Megaraptors?

[balmy oyster]

I love the Polar Express

[charred hearth]

was basilosaurus too early to have echolocation?

[tough parcel]

TMK there's no indication of a melon

[charred hearth]

i wonder what would've been the earliest whale with echolocation

https://x.com/JamaleIjouiher/status/2025614889624997986

Jamale Ijouiher (@JamaleIjouiher)

New paper out on the possibility of #blubber in #plesiosaurs using #CFD_modelling. While obviously not conclusive; it does predict that insulating blubber would be present in cold water species at least.

https://t.co/eWtifCjEgJ

X · Feb 22, 2026, 4:53 PM

[coral dragon]

LOL

[full lagoon]

I definitely could see certain species having some depending on the lifestyle

[ionic linden]

chonky

[undone rapids]

[charred hearth]

thoughts? https://x.com/SwrveYT/status/2025594131880300622

Swrve 🦖 'Jurassic' News & Content (@SwrveYT)

🚨 'JURASSIC 8', the 5th Jurassic World movie, is supposedly titled 'JURASSIC WORLD LIBERATION' 🚨

🎬 Latest >rumors< suggest this movie could release in 2027, instead of the initial June 2028 Release date. Unconfirmed for now.🦖

https://t.co/6CMj7iRrw3

X · Feb 22, 2026, 3:30 PM

[plush fossil]

how many could there possibly be

[charred hearth]

havent the last 3 movies been focused on the dinosaurs liberation and how now their free

[plush fossil]

i think so

[charred hearth]

https://x.com/SwrveYT/status/2025964607337083172 oh.

Swrve 🦖 'Jurassic' News & Content (@SwrveYT)

🚨 EXCLUSIVE: Universal has been made aware of an illegal accusation of a ‘JURASSIC WORLD LIBERATION’ domain title 🚨

Apparently, no title for Jurassic World 5 has yet been finalised. It is unclear if they will proceed with legal action on whom had acquired this domain 📝 👨‍⚖️

X · Feb 23, 2026, 4:02 PM

[runic heart]

Idk, Gareth Edwards already talked about retconning Rebirth.

[lucid gyro]

i swear they should of just made a tv show about the logistics of dealing with dinosaurs on the mainland. like suspension of disbelief applies to an extent, but i just wanna see how humans would cope with the animals

[paper parcel]

Dinosaur nuggets but made with real dinosaur meat

[thorn grove]

chicken nuggets

[full lagoon]

You'd think that it would be a no-brainer, but none of the sequels portray this well, if at all.

[charred hearth]

Would you say rebirth has ruined future installments ?

[craggy trench]

They made it really hard yeah
I’m totally on board with retconning rebirth

[charred hearth]

https://x.com/i/status/2025971059565211666

Petr Menshikov (COMMISSIONS OPEN) (@Petr75113553)

Hey everyone! I’m excited to share my latest project — a scientific video featuring my original animations.

Do you know how did T. Rex hunt?

If you enjoy it, we’ll definitely keep making more like this!

https://t.co/GPl4LTCiQI

X · Feb 23, 2026, 4:28 PM

[thorn grove]

what is edmusth doing? 🤨

[craggy trench]

Love

[runic heart]

💀

[charred hearth]

It's trampling it 🙁

[runic rover]

Thank God. Something I can finally agree with that guy.

@charred hearth yes it did. Whoever thought that adding a Kaiju rancor whatever in the franchise was fine just opened a Pandora vase and now we can have freaking Freddy Fazbearsaurus because "I was inspired to make it based on these other franchises I like, people seem to like it if I just say it's scientifically plausible"

[ancient crystal]

Its pretty obvious to me that Edwards had no interest in making a JW movie, I don't really think anyone is anymore and they just do it for the paycheck

[mossy hawk]

So a retcon to reverse the retcon?

[runic heart]

Ig

[runic rover]

Besides, if I was universal I'd close the next movie writers in a room and force them to watch the first Jurassic park 25 times, maybe they learn to read the goddamn tone once in a lifetime.

[runic heart]

He probably wasn’t a fan of the retcon anyways, so

[runic heart]

Maybe we just need to accept the fact that we could make a good horror movie by following the JP novel more closely.

[paper parcel]

Im feeling romantical hadrosaur

[mossy hawk]

I mean if Transformers sky bound can get a film adaptation then idk why then the jp novel can't get one

[wind prairie]

https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/1276238300851474432/1377589015175495710/A58AEF3D-DEB9-40AF-92EF-BFD251CAE213.gif

[runic heart]

You better get off that computer Rex

Come over here and kiss me on my hot bill, I’m feelin romantical.

[charred hearth]

It's getting weird.

[thorn grove]

maybe the image should have been less weird then

[paper parcel]

Maybe thats where deinocheirus came from?

[plush fossil]

You done this to yourself, you posted it

[paper parcel]

Sauropods aren't scare: sauropods

[plush fossil]

What

[winter marsh]

I mean, yeah they look ominous but its not like they gonna do smth to me

[plush fossil]

Apostle you always manage to amaze me with random your replies are

[ionic linden]

[paper parcel]

I like cryptid dinos, not just mokele mbembe or kasai rex, dinosaur horror is just cool

Imagine if sauropods we haven't discovered yet were so big they just formed entire islands on their own backs.

[plush fossil]

I don't think that's possible

[wind prairie]

https://tenor.com/view/stomp-gif-17874349

[paper parcel]

maybe sauropods were so large they could use their lungs to suck in smaller creatures or plants for food?

[harsh forge]

Sauropods used their long necks to quickly grab helpless theropods to consume

Or reach deep underground to pursue small animals into their burrows

[polar rain]

WROOOOOONNGGGGG

Do you know how VIOLENT herbivores are in general? Elephants killed 500 PEOPLE last year

[tough parcel]

So far down the irony rabbithole, I can't tell if this is /srs or /j

[polar rain]

african-bufallo kill more people in Africa THAN ANY OTHER ANIMAL

They are literally nicknamed the BLACK DEATH

[thorn grove]

what about snails

[polar rain]

Snails can bite and I've heard it hurts like hell

[charred hearth]

how is it weird? its just trampling the rex to death

[thorn grove]

the choice of angle and posing

[balmy oyster]

It’s…doing more than “trampling” Ima be fr here

[stiff osprey]

ignoring the fact that edmont is humping the rex it looks like the rex's anatomy is all over the place

[winter marsh]

tbh most of the cases involve animal abuse and males on musth

[balmy oyster]

Dude no can they retcon dominion

Do that & you’re perfectly fine

[polar rain]

Yeah ik, im not forgetting that case where an elephant killed an elderly woman and came to her funeral to trash on her grave

[winter marsh]

she raptured the elephant's baby iirc

[thorn grove]

also the edmont practically has claws instead of hooves

[hardy sentinel]

Elephant rapture

[polar rain]

Oh the reason is known? I thought we didn't have information on why it did that

[balmy oyster]

I thought it was cus the lady abused the elephant for years and it snapped

[polar rain]

Theory

[balmy oyster]

Whatever she did that elephant was PISSED, and frankly she probably deserved it 😭

[hardy sentinel]

A game theory

[stiff osprey]

why would you retcon dominion and not the one that removes all chance of a mainland dinosaur plot

[winter marsh]

elephants dont really attack people without a good reason unless theyre high on hormones

[charred hearth]

is it true elephants have been known to dismember people?

[balmy oyster]

Cus it sucked

But also yeah the direction rebirth went was kinda stupid

[halcyon cobalt]

you have failed to consider that Africa is a very big place with many people

[wind prairie]

pachycostasaurus is a funny looking pliosaur

[tender dove]

Looks normal to me

[wind prairie]

it's built like a pibble 🥀

[hardy sentinel]

they also failed to consider that tourists are stupid and walk up to animals who could topple a small house

[lucid gyro]

how do footprint trace fossils work? like whenever i see one i just wonder why we dont see more of it if some are left behind. but inversely i ask how is a footprint preserved for so long?

[tough parcel]

Gambling, literally all there is, some lose, some don't

[charred hearth]

how many ceratopsians actually make it too or past 5 tons?

the only ones i can think of are, sino, trike, toro, pachyrhino , eo and no one else

[full lagoon]

I think we can agree that both sucked in their own way

[little mauve]

rapid sedimentation like any high detail fossil. The animal walks across a soft, moist substrate like mud or wet sand. Sediment is rapidly deposited over the tracks, could be a flood or tide or wind, burying the trackway. Then it all hardens and fossilizes like normal.

[fossil ingot]

Maybe Titanoceratops as well

[charred hearth]

are sino and pachy the only centrosaurines that reach 5 ton?

[winter marsh]

10 udanos on a trenchcoat

[gleaming talon]

I will forever call the new spinosaurus species ‘sharp spoon’ unless they find evidence that it wasnt

[gleaming talon]

In my opinion the first two movies are the best

[balmy oyster]

First one was best
Second was pretty good
Third was MID
Fourth fumbled

[gleaming talon]

Tbh i prefer tge books so much more

[warped peak]

Spork

[ionic linden]

wes knows ball names for s. mirabilis!!

[full lagoon]

Yeah I'd agree with this, but instead of mid I'd outright call Dominion bad. It was a MASSIVE disappointment.

[paper parcel]

Could you beat scutosaurus in a fight

[ionic linden]

idk

[jagged trellis]

scuto is closer to a ton isn't it?
regardless unarmed god no

no way you say that and i have a scuto figure right next to me i'm just realizing

[paper parcel]

Scuto can solo most people unarmed? Based

[ashen wedge]

Looks like a doggo

[charred hearth]

what would y'all say is the most popular theri depiction media?

[ionic linden]

that one

[tough parcel]

1st and 4th

1st if you mean general public

4th if you mean paleo-community

[charred hearth]

Stomping land / the isle over chased by?

[woeful falcon]

Idek what that 3rd one is

[tough parcel]

I say this simply because TSL/TI influenced a lot of in-game/artistic depictions

And that unfortunately, I need to admit that the oldheads are being overtaken by the new generation so them not knowing about it is very possible

[lime eagle]

What about the one depicted in the movie Dino king?

[charred hearth]

In my head it's just a really iconic image of theri

[woeful falcon]

For the worst because the amount of theris with ant eater tail feathers irks me

[patent mist]

We need more bald theri depictions

[charred hearth]

Now, which is more accurate, PTs theri or TSL/the isle theri

[paper parcel]

Neither

[full lagoon]

Ragebait therizinosaurus

[paper parcel]

Evil therizinosaurus be like, I will be four legged and eat sauropods

[charred hearth]

Name a better theri design, ill wait

[full lagoon]

No that's just nightmare fuel theri

[paper parcel]

Man in a suit theri, fnaf theri

[ashen wedge]

Chased By Dinosaurs

[full lagoon]

Yeah I'm a fan of that one too

[paper parcel]

Hot take, theri is cute, like a big pillow with claws

[full lagoon]

Probably would depend on the extent of feathering, which we aren't really sure about

[paper parcel]

Theri was fur ball trust

[full lagoon]

But if you are ok with a multi ton turkey with giant claws, I can't argue

[ancient crystal]

No, theri was completely bald.

And I mean bald.

Not even scales, just skin

[charred hearth]

would cherius have been the same?

[balmy oyster]

You’re right. “Mid” means it was boring & sub-par.

Dominion was way more than that. It did EVERYTHING wrong.

The movie would have been a 7/10 if they had blue come along with them or IF THEY JUST INCLUDED THE JP3 SPINO FINAL BATTLE THAT WAS PLANNED.

[full lagoon]

I'm ngl I still don't think that would have done much for me. The main plot was just so bad and the interactions were abysmal.

[marsh tapir]

Hello there. If you may, please, remain on paleo related topics exclusively. As per this channel's guidelines:

[...]*You may NOT discuss or post:

• Memes
• This is an educational channel and not the place for trolling or memes as this may be disruptive or misleading.
• Plots, actors, directors, mechanics, gameplay etc. of ANY media or game.
  Such as how you feel a movie’s, etc. plot should be changed instead of, for example, how the dinosaurs didn’t coexist
• Future dinosaur related media and your hopes or aspirations for said media, rather than dinosaur accuracy etc.*[...]

You may review the complete guidelines on the channel's pinned messages.

[balmy oyster]

This must happen a lot huh

[paper parcel]

Estemnosuchus momento

[balmy oyster]

That is fair. Moving on from movie talk….

Are we all still cheerful that scimitar spino paper was finally released?

[haughty kraken]

hello someone knows why you see an anthill in the vegetation and trees.

[full lagoon]

Haven't looked at the paper but that thing is super interesting

[balmy oyster]

Long story short, it’s several specimens all from around the Farak fm. With 3 specimens consisting of the notable crest

It’s really fragmentary but we have some important parts like the skull & some vertebrae, largest specimen seeming to be a caudal vert

[haughty kraken]

hello someone knows why you see an anthill in the vegetation and trees.