paleontology

[last adder]

Can refer to a literal bum, the hind of the body, an abdomen, or anything remotely giving such an appearance.

[stiff osprey]

Carnotaurus has the largest caudofemoralis muscle, which is at least in the region of what you'd call bum in humans

[normal compass]

It’s not the answer but the funny thing is there is no evidence suggests that any extinct or modern animal surpassed the relative size of the human gluteal muscles, which means the animal with the biggest bum relative to body size is actually humans

[warped peak]

Fun fact: pinecones taste like wood

[ancient crystal]

Thank you upright walking, very cool

[queen oar]

You need to eat the center

[warped peak]

That also takes like wood

[plush fossil]

How do we know what prehistoric sharks look like? Isn't it only the teeth (and jaws? Maybe?) that fossilize?

[stable sun]

Most of the time

[warped peak]

Usually, but we do have a reasonable amount of fossilized cartilage

Teeth still yield enough info, especially on more modern sharks. More primitive members further from modern genera are harder to tell info on relies on bridging gaps with the occasional fossilized cartilage

[paper parcel]

What if I get musth

[plush fossil]

I didnt know cartilage was able to fossilize, good to know thanks! : D

[warped peak]

It's uncommon, but so is fossilizing of bones in all truth

Here's an example, a young fossilized Ptychodus

[plush fossil]

I was thinking of those strange sharks with the spikes on their fins, dunno their names exactly but I'm pretty sure they were from the permian-triassic?
Wooaah that's awesome, looks well preserved aswell

[warped peak]

Like these?

[normal compass]

Pretty sure you mean xenacanthiformes?

[plush fossil]

Yeah i think so

[normal compass]

Thats about accurate

My fav one is Hybodontiformes

Or more of the hybodont group

[warped peak]

I prefer Acanthodians myself

[runic heart]

Wait, these guys were conodonts?

[warped peak]

No, Acanthodians and Conodonts are very different

[runic heart]

Oh I looked up the wrong thing that’s why

[runic heart]

Which genus are these guys here?

[warped peak]

Machaeracanthus, 2 different interpretations based off close relatives

Means "Makhaira (a type of greek blade) Thorn"

[runic heart]

Yeah I looked up acanthodus for some reason, cause I thought it was a kind of acanthodian.

[opaque kayak]

Holy anime eyes

[ancient crystal]

Thankfully (at least for more recent extinctions) we have a plethora of extant relatives to draw inferences from.

But there's also fossilized cartilage (megalodon has a sizeable fossilized spine) and if you go far enough back, you start seeing a lot more fossilized impressions of fish in the fossil record

[plush fossil]

Neat, you learn something new everyday

[charred hearth]

thoughts? https://x.com/Cindy_Joli/status/1985685220121866255

Joli AquaIslander (@Cindy_Joli)

~Megalodon 2025~
My take on the new slender body plan of megalodon (sorry I am late).
Me and a rather large great white shark to scale:)
#megalodon #shark #sizechart #art #artist #ocean #prehistoric #ancient #greatwhiteshark

X · Nov 4, 2025, 12:27 PM

[thorny matrix]

Would spinosaur be able to pick up a sarcosuchis in real life?

[undone rapids]

Probably not

[runic heart]

No. They didn’t live together.

[thorny matrix]

And if they did? I mean like it seems like spinos jaw is huge

[stiff osprey]

Sarco has larger jaws than Spino does, as well as more heavily built

If Spino were to pick up a 3 ton animal whatever body part it used to pick it up would just snap

[thorny matrix]

Thanks, so only baby sarcos would be in actual danger(if they did live together alright thank you )

[undone rapids]

Somewhat, they'd be able to swim away pretty easily

[thorny matrix]

This is a big releif to me for in game purposes, like sarco vs spino i dont wanna play sarco if i was cheating on spinos cause it cant pick me up type stuff

[runic heart]

Always bet on the croc downsize

[thorny matrix]

Holey, do we have 1 of the spino too

[undone rapids]

Trying to pick up a croc of decent size in general isn't a good idea if you value your limbs

[undone rapids]

Just with deino, Big spino is fragmentary ofcourse

[thorny matrix]

Oh thats a deino, so sarco is fair with 02 bite, i was wrong 😅(deinos where huge and modded one shows that)

[fading dawn]

Is it possible for medium to large dromeasaurs to have hunted in packs? I keep hearing mixed things🧍‍♂️

[undone rapids]

Sure, possible for basically every theropod. Though we'll never really know stuff like which dinos hunted in how large packs and the dynamics of said packs and stuff

[charred hearth]

reminder that we have more evidence for pack hunting in tyrannosaurids then we do dromeasaurs

[lone heath]

excuse the goofy figure, but could styraco have its nose horn curved like that?

[balmy oyster]

Considering how variable styra specimens already are

I don’t see why not

Wait what am I talking about we already have fossil evidence of this

[lone heath]

stellasaurus?

[little mauve]

We have equally little evidence for packhunting in both groups. We have bonebeds and some track ways that might indicate group travel. We also have evidence in both of the young specializing in different prey than the adults, which isn't how packhunters work

[hushed fossil]

Design review: Ark's Tusoteuthis

Good or nah?

[jagged trellis]

outdated as sin even ignoring it being a kraken

[balmy oyster]

It’s not even outdated it’s just outright wrong

But it’s ark so idk what was expected

[fluid inlet]

Good yes , accurate no

[fluid inlet]

Why the hell does Sarco look like that 💀

[runic heart]

New updated skeletal.

[charred hearth]

this isnt even true

[bright veldt]

We have many bonebeds of multiple tyrannosaurids together. Albertosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Teratophoneus, Dynamoterror, group trackways, yutyrannus if you wanna extent it to tyrannosauroids.

Meanwhile for dromaeosaurs you have a single trackway from China, the deinonychus bonebed that can easily be mobbing/cannibalism, and the potential utahraptor congregation.

[fierce quarry]

Isn't the Utah congregation explained by the fact that Raptors got stuck in quicksand/mud ? Or is that misinformation from WWD 2025 (I watched it yesterday ^^')

[runic heart]

Is dynamoterror actually its own thing?

[lofty creek]

yes there is another specimen

[charred hearth]

why do hyena's live in such big families and yet not pack hunt together

[wind prairie]

I'm convinced nanotyrannus pack hunted to some degree until proven otherwise

[stiff osprey]

if 3 or 4 hyenas can take down almost anything, adding 10 more hyenas will not help anything, it just lowers the amount of meat available to each one

[bright veldt]

Most hyenas hunt alone or with a buddy as well.

It’s not for hunting reasons. It’s so a family can back each other up when holding resources. Territory is valuable, so being able to defend it as a group from other hyenas and defend food from other predators ontop of that is beneficial.

[hushed fossil]

How so?

[jagged trellis]

was about to say yeah^
also don't lone hyenas get up to 52% ish zone more food per meal seeing less contesting

[hushed fossil]

How so X2

[charred hearth]

guess

[bright veldt]

Tusoteuthis ain’t even a legit taxa anymore and enchoteuthis doesn’t look like a generic squid but huge.

[jagged trellis]

squid body, genuinely kaiju sized, larger tents among others

[charred hearth]

the ark version is basically just a kraken

[hushed fossil]

I kinda knew, just curious

[fluid inlet]

Don’t ever look at the Ark for accurate designs , the design themselves are good but just inaccurate.

[hushed fossil]

I know. They could have use a cameroceras or something actually...

[severe yew]

scratch spino drawing

rough draft (25 minutes, continue next week)

stay tuned...

[severe yew]

one of my favorites is the giga size compared to other dinos 😂

[fossil ingot]

Based on its closest relative and basically headswap
You can add it a bit more soft tissue and prob wider leg bones but thats it

The Little Cousing in question

[fierce quarry]

Why is the image called "Sarcosussy" ? XD

[fossil ingot]

No idea lol

[jagged trellis]

some are accurate tbf like the moschops
and then you have the nightmare fuel of areneo yeah

[ashen wedge]

Question: Is Dakotaraptor valid?

[stiff osprey]

As per scientific consensus, yes

[runic heart]

Technically yes, but it’s not really big.

[ashen wedge]

So Utah still largest raptor?

[snow terrace]

Uhm actually Dakotaraptor has actually been confirmed dubious and now represents juve rex!

[runic heart]

Always has been.

[runic heart]

You know, the whole nanotyrannus thing is making me rethink oxalaia…..

[ashen wedge]

I thought that Dakotaraptor challenged it

[fluid inlet]

Isn’t there material that’s not published of potential dromeosaurids bigger than Utahraptor

[ashen wedge]

I don’t believe so…. Cause Utah was bulky

[fluid inlet]

Idk there is a like a bunch of big cats similar in weights in history for example, it’s not far fetched at all.

[fossil ingot]

Closest to Utah is Achillo

[runic heart]

3rd place would be Austro, yes?

[charred hearth]

hell nah

[fossil ingot]

Possibly

[hushed fossil]

Araneo is not supposed to be real tbf

[charred hearth]

is edmontosaurus the dinosaur we know most about?

[queen oar]

yeah. They are pretty diverse

[fossil ingot]

Peak Design btw

[jagged trellis]

thats true but it is just not very spider like at all beyond...some basics

[fierce quarry]

I love them, they are the sole reason I've regrown my Achillobator, though I hesitated between Achillo and Utah

They have very big hands !

[outer tusk]

Who loves allosaurus 🖐️

[runic heart]

I do! I do!

[charred hearth]

https://x.com/Evoincarnate/status/1985797631688184278

‘EWA WAHINE’ONIUHINUI (she/they/it) 🦈 (@Evoincarnate)

This is false, to answer both tweets
Giant lemon shark megalodon is not accurate and is a misunderstanding of the sternes et al. 2024
They don’t suggest it was a giant lemon shark, only that the lemon shark was the closest match in head to tail to body proportion

X · Nov 4, 2025, 7:53 PM

[fossil ingot]

"They don't suggest it was a giant lenon shark"
Crazy how they use that Model and Dorsal to give it a Size Estimate

[queen oar]

" ...only that the lemon shark was the closest match in head to tail to body proportion "

Crazy that some fully capable people can't read.

[fossil ingot]

You are assuming I didn't read that?
Lmao

I have seen that Tweet like 3 times already lol

[queen oar]

Yeah, because it seems that you didn't read it at all.

[fossil ingot]

And does that Bother you?
No, good
Drc

[queen oar]

Damn, got some attitude there? Level that up please.

[fossil ingot]

I did read it, I just didn't address that Part
I read what Evo said and also what was said Deeper on the Other Comments, is not hard to read like 5 comments.

@queen oar I mean, should I?
No, Then just don't go assuming things
Which is smth you always do

[queen oar]

No, I don't think you did.

And, also that was it? Please, young man, if you want to play that game, I can wait until you can actually sound all mean and tough... Maybe, wait 5 years, but it'll probably be worth it.

[fossil ingot]

And you are supposed to be???

[queen oar]

Not really. I like being goofy.

[fossil ingot]

What are you expecting from me??
To find you worth my time for that Convo or what?
I said what I wanted to say
Nothing more
Neither too deep either

[queen oar]

Sounds like you are spending a lot of your effort into this. What kinda of tree would you personally be?

I would be a Sequoia

[fossil ingot]

Like
What is your Goal

[fossil ingot]

I mean
I am typing is not really an effort when Playing POT.

[queen oar]

There's quite literally no goal here. I just thought on correcting what you said about the tweet, maybe a little sarcastic? Perhaps, but nothing that really would harm anyone, mind you...

What kinda of tree would you be?

[jagged trellis]

both of you are the vines tryna strangle each other on the side of a tree rn

[fossil ingot]

You are correcting based on the fact you THOUGHT I didn't read the Whole Thing???
While implying I can't Read
Idk man, atp sounds like you are talking based on your assumptions lmao

[tough parcel]

~ Chinese proverb or something Idk

[jagged trellis]

sun achoo- the art of garden war

[queen oar]

So, let's read what you said, shall we?

"They don't suggest it was a giant lenon shark"
Crazy how they use that Model and Dorsal to give it a Size Estimate

What do you think this would imply about what you understood about the tweet? Also, what kind of tree?

[wind prairie]

https://x.com/twitigalli/status/1918073848269820091?s=46 whatever came of this lmao

PaleoGalli (@TwitiGalli)

So Tracy Ford thinks that Edmontosaurus, Anatosaurus and Anatotitan are separated taxa. I would like to see a paper of him about this.

X · May 1, 2025, 10:43 PM

[fossil ingot]

I mean
Why don't you ask you know
In a more normal way
"Did you read everything evo replied"
Rather than just saying "Crazy how ppl can't read"
Sounds different
Doesn't it.

Also what I said isn't even that bad, they did use the Body Shape to make a Dorsal Model and Size Estimate
They just didn't put definitive Fins.

Also Idk anything about Trees so None

[balmy oyster]

psittacosaurus

[queen oar]

See, you didn't want to reply now. But, somehow I'm making too much assumptions

Go wonder, if not even the original author of the message wants to explain their part.

[balmy oyster]

really hope there is a paper for this & it's well written and not another gsp "based on vibes" paper.

[fossil ingot]

I mean what should I replat about a Tree
I legit nothing about trees lol
How does that even mean anything?

[queen oar]

I'll simply put it, I did assume you didn't read it, because the way you put that message, really feels like you did not read the last part of that tweet... Or you simply ignored it. I don't care which it is, I just thought you were being ignorant about it.

[balmy oyster]

are you two only capable of arguing oml I always see you both bickering about something stupid

[wind prairie]

someone come in and scientifically explain well why anatotitan is distinct and my life is yours
and we could use #BackInHell for it again

[fossil ingot]

I don't even care about my plants outside my own house
What am I gonna care for a Tree Histology

[queen oar]

Now, that's a Paleo-take.

[warped peak]

Hey look distraction

[balmy oyster]

long face and sasquatch will be good additions to this formation

[fossil ingot]

Bro has Long ah Legs

[wind prairie]

what would even be the difference between anatosaurus and anatotitan

[balmy oyster]

assuming these 2, there's a lot of skull differences

[wind prairie]

fr I'm lowkey questioning it myself
anatotitan came first as a name, right?

[queen oar]

Does anyone know how Edmontosaurus is defined?

[little mauve]

Many is a stretch, you've named all of them apart from the Sue bonebed. I'm not aware of the Dynamoterror bonebed but I'll take your word for it. We likewise only have one group trackway for tyrannosaurs. So I think you're slightly overstating things. Either way bonebeds can be caused by a lot of things, some are better than others at indicating mass casualty events rather than postmortem accretions but not all of them. I'd say between all of that you have soft evidence of gregariousness. Even then, solitary animals congregate for various reasons at various times, it's very soft evidence. However, there is still no evidence for packhunting.

[bright veldt]

I never suggested any of that. Sociality comes in many forms. I highly doubt that that a whole bunch of large territorial animals would end up caught up in the same freak flood event or something similar. It's STILL true that we have more evidence for it in tyrannosaurs than any other carnivorous theropod group.

[little mauve]

Predators overcome territoriality all the time when theres a large free food source, i think at the daspletosaurus site there are also half a dozen edmontosaurs mixed in too. Or water sources during droughts, toxic algae is cited as a possible killer at the teratophonus site. At any rate, my original statement was that there's equally little evidence for packhunting in dromaeosaurs and tyrannosaurs. Not sociality, not bonebeds.

[charred hearth]

i still think theres more evidence for tyrannosaurids then dromeosaurs

[lavish frigate]

Y’all ever think about how many dinosaur genera would actually be considered synonymous if they were alive today

[balmy oyster]

I’d argue we’d have…triple if they were all alive today.

[charred hearth]

who do you guys think lived in bigger herds, ceratopsians, sauropods or hadrosaurs?

[thorn grove]

probably hadrosaurs

although I'm sure it varied a lot

[thorn grove]

primarily skull characters I think

[little mauve]

We have very large hadrosaur and ceratopsian bonebeds, not so with sauropods

[charred hearth]

yes we do?

[little mauve]

With thousands of elements? I don't think so

[grizzled depot]

Bettt gives me hope for a campto size buff lmao

[charred hearth]

saltasaurus, ampleosaurus, isisaurusu, camarasaurus

[compact leaf]

we have bonebeds and nesting colonies but none on the same magnitude of actual bodies like we have in hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, all of those have bonebeds (amp is actually multiple species seemingly) but not literally hundreds of individuals

[charred hearth]

ooh alright,

[compact leaf]

we still know sauropods were moving in herds and probably pretty big ones for some species, but we don’t have the same level of mass mortality

[dusky jay]

Actually in Paleontology theres more of a tendency to lump stuff together that wouldn’t be lumped today

[gilded pasture]

It could also be that natural geological conditions could have affected it, some bonebeds of multiple same-species tyrannosaurids are located in what used to be river basins or lakes, it’s not impossible to assume a flood could have occurred and all of the bones were washed out together. But it is a very vague assumption despite being very plausible

[grizzled depot]

Is Campto oversized or undersized in this game or or is it perfect

[brave nova]

There are irl specimens bigger than it. So its size is pretty gd. U asked this question already…

[grizzled depot]

I wanted more opinions so I keep yap to my campto nerd friend..

[brave nova]

I wouldn’t really say this is a topic which needs many opinions

[stiff osprey]

POT campto is like, 4.5 meters? An average Camptosaurus is 5ish meters, biggest one is 7.5m

[grizzled depot]

Well I wanted more

[snow python]

Is Barinasuchus 6,2m or was it downsized?

[outer tusk]

how can you downsize something that already doesn't have postcarnia material

[runic heart]

Which is the more accurate depiction of Alamosaurus, Deadsound or PhP

[outer tusk]

Alamosaurus from Dead Sound

[runic heart]

Really? Mind explaining further?

Posture?
Osteoderms?
Head shape?
Neck position?
Tail length?

[tough parcel]

The fact it has legs instead of looking like a corgi is a great start

[runic heart]

So the php one is too chunky

[queen oar]

Not necessarily. I don't think there is a very objective way of judging these two.

[compact leaf]

php sauropods in general tend to overcompensate in the soft tissue

[runic heart]

The posture is very different. There is probably a more straight forward answer to that.

[runic heart]

The dreadnoughtus isn’t nearly as bad. Neither is isisaurus really.

[queen oar]

I wouldn't say it's as noticeable. I think this impression is being given by the amount of soft tissues rather than actual differences in the posture of the skeleton

Additionally, one has Osteoderms, which the other lacks.

[runic heart]

I suppose you’re right. The neck is different, but idk if there’s any way to tell exactly how they held their necks.

And about the osteoderms, which arrangement is correct? The large waist spikes, or the smaller pebbles all over the back?

[queen oar]

I might be incorrect, but Titanosaur osteoderms are pretty variable and subjective to their current phylogenetic placement, if that doesn't change any soon, as Titanosaur osteoderms are pretty variable. I think some have told me in the past, but the spikes here are based on osteoderms from animals like Neuquensaurus, where it's potentially a big misinterpretation?

They tend to often be reconstructed from these protrusions on the Osteoderms, but given the difference on texture from both ventral view ( A ) and Dorsal ( B ), it's safe to say these protrusions are actually points where Conjunctive tissue attached to the osteoderm in order to maintain it sticking to the body, where the dorsal view is where it would actually be externally visible by soft tissues covering it

To say the least, most Titanosaurs seem to be of the " Pebble-Variation ".

[runic heart]

Are there any others that also have the spikes?

[queen oar]

Not that I'm aware of, at least...

Maybe other people in this chat know something?

[lofty creek]

would all titanosaurforms have these osteoderms
for example
euhelopusauridae

[compact leaf]

euhelopodids may not even be titanosauriformes but it’s such an enormous group I wouldn’t generalize it across all of them

[queen oar]

Yeah, the word here is: Subjective

Technically, this also extends to Titanosaurs too, because we don't know if there are Titanosaurs that would be " Osteoderm-less ", mind you the record of Titanosaur osteoderms is pretty limited, and even some families do not have anything. This also means it's difficult to know how old these Osteoderms are... In Titanosauriformes, for example

[runic heart]

Saltasauridae is I believe the only group that has them

Includes stuff like Saltasaurus, Alamosaurus, ampelosaurus etc.

[queen oar]

Not exactly, because I think Mendozasaurus has it too? And I don't remember where it's placed now, but it seems to still be Lognkosauria?

[runic heart]

From what I’m reading, there’s no actual evidence for waist spikes in titanosaurs. So then where the hell did the trend come from?

[queen oar]

and Ampelosaurus is a Lithostrotian now?

[light osprey]

Ampelosaurus and maybe some others have somewhat conical osteoderms

[runic heart]

Right but I see a bunch of Titanosaur designs with waist spikes osteoderms, which apparently has no basis at all.

It looks cool, but I’m wondering where the trend came from.

[light osprey]

Are you referring to the parallel dorsal osteoderm rows?

[runic heart]

Uh, I guess so yeah.

[light osprey]

More recently there was a riconsaurian that preserved its osteoderms in articulation, they had this general scheme with the caudal osteoderms positioned laterally on the tail. So a little different that what’s shown here

[runic heart]

But this design was made in 2022. Is there anything that would have prompted a creative decision like that?

[light osprey]

Idr

[runic heart]

Pot argent mod has them too.

OOOHHHHHH vascular canals. That’s why.

But that doesn’t explain the height of the osteoderms. No clue where that comes from.

[tough parcel]

Hartman's Alamosaurus skeletal included them, likely because they were associated with a specimen in Alamosaurus or some other titanosaur

[queen oar]

So about the Prehistoric Planet's Alamosaurus:

[runic heart]

So it is like a scaled up Saltasaurus.

[compact leaf]

saltasauroid, not saltasaurus itself

[runic heart]

Yeah but it looks more like a Saltasaurus than any other giant titanosaur.

[light osprey]

It doesn’t look particularly more like Saltasaurus at all

[queen oar]

I kinda don't remember, but I think what Hartman means by Saltasauroid, it's probably by standards of what Saltasauroides were back in the 2010's before the 2020's? Which did include a lot of sauropods, Opisthocoelicaudia, Lirainosaurus, Ampelosaurus, etc.

[compact leaf]

it still clades as a saltasauroid often, that’s what he means

[hushed fossil]

Design reviews: Ark's Tyrannosaurus (original right, left TLC)

Good or nah?

||I hate the TLC one with a passion||

[warped peak]

The TLC is a far better design while still being recognizably Tyrannosaurus, even if stylized, and being fairly iconic

[hushed fossil]

Just how

[warped peak]

How can you not think it looks better

What in any way does the old model do to look pleasant

[hushed fossil]

You're talking about the one on the left right? Then Im 100% sure it's worse cause it doesn't even have a proper Rex skull

[ancient crystal]

Neither does the right.

Left is less shrinkwrapped, has teeth that better resemble an actual rex, and the snout is less bulbous

[outer tusk]

Yes and you can barely see the dent between where the neck muscles start between the edge of the chest I think

[hushed fossil]

Do it with the other

[warped peak]

There's specimens matching both. Just not based on the same individual tyrannosaurus

[hushed fossil]

There you go

[warped peak]

And considering they are both based on Tyrannosaurus specimens, the TLC one having FAR better textures means it is better

Tyrannosaurus comes in many shapes

[hushed fossil]

Should look better from the outside then. But the texture thing is valid

[warped peak]

And it does, it looks SO much better

[hushed fossil]

No no no, I had a brain fart. Doesn't count lol

[warped peak]

I mean actually here, one second

textures have a massive impact on the appearance

[hushed fossil]

Not talking about textures tho. And even if it matches a specimen, it looks weird and short from the outside. The old one is more superficially similar to a more typical shape, was my point

[warped peak]

Custer's skull with the bulbous snout is an outlier among Tyrannosaurus specimens to be clear, so taking it as more "average" is just wrong

Almost every single skull is closer to Trisan, with the relatively straight line nasal bridge with a curved but not round snout

[hushed fossil]

Im not saying it's the true average, Im saying if you ignore the bulbous nose it resembles one (though it isn't)

[warped peak]

So if you ignore the most prominent and obvious feature of the skull it looks like an average Tyrannosaurus? Sure

But the TLC one looks like an average Tyrannosaurus already

[balmy oyster]

second species?!? Hheueheuhe

[hushed fossil]

I think there's ways to make a design based on more typical skulls and not make it look stupid

Points at Paleo Ark

[craggy trench]

Everyone is entitled to their opinion of the models
And no one is going to win this discussion either
So I suggest agree to disagree

[hushed fossil]

Sorry I had to start agenda posting lol
Now, good or nah? For both of then

[fluid inlet]

Exactly

[sudden wind]

Some of the skulls here are still distorted tho

[warped peak]

I imagine Custer is among them

[queen oar]

Realistically, Ark's models are more meant to reflect the concept of the respective dinosaurs with the same names, and aren't exactly meant to really reflect the animal itself from head to tail.

It's more to say...

Ark designs will be stupid, one way or another

It's kinda of their thing at this point

[charred hearth]

how vunerable was the stomach of a sauropod?

[severe yew]

vulnerable? lol

they could have swallowed you up

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/ice-cream-elizabeth-afton-circus-baby-attacking-gif-19186413

[queen oar]

Idk. They could crunch you, I think.

[charred hearth]

i mean, besides the neck, wouldnt you want to attack the stomach?

[queen oar]

I mean, it's not as simple when there's like 4 legs on all angles of the stomach, is it?

[charred hearth]

limayasaurus when it has to attempt to kick giga:

[queen oar]

Giga when Limaysaurus uses it's body as a weapon

[charred hearth]

is giga not heavier then limaya

[queen oar]

Don't care. Even if you are heavier, you are not sustaining any impact from a multi-ton animal.

[charred hearth]

the doubt i have is there

[queen oar]

I mean, I'm sorry, you could weight 3 tons, but if I violently threw a 1 ton anvil at you, you are not leaving unharmed ( Perhaps the tone of this analogy wasn't necessary )

[charred hearth]

now let me tell you why your incorrect

[queen oar]

yah?

[charred hearth]

amd that is my explanation on why your incorrect.

[queen oar]

facts

[charred hearth]

does anyone wanna settle this arguement

[bright veldt]

Paleo ARK and Kyoryu knowing how to properly make fantastical dinosaurs not garbage.

[balmy oyster]

I'd say not too vulnerable tbh, it would be more wiser to go for the legs/tailbase region since you risk getting hurt by the legs or overall weight of the animal if you go for the stomach

[charred hearth]

would it be the same for smaller and larger sauropods?

[balmy oyster]

likely

I remember there being a disccusion about how the bodyplan of rebbachisaurs would've made it so a direct bite to the side of the body would have been pretty difficult due to the narrow and really tall torso

even most other notable sauropods like diplo & brachi are rather thin

[paper parcel]

Sounds cool, need that in a mod where sauropods can eat dinos whole

[undone rapids]

Maybe it worked...

[runic heart]

Are rebbachisaurs similar in body plan to apatosaurus?

Oh, and what’s the general consensus now about diplodocoid posture?

[low tinsel]

this is probably just yall messing around but i just wanted to step in and say for every 1 ton theres like 2000lbs give or take (2000 for this case), so for example a 2000lb animal is probably going to be hurt by a 6000lb animal falling on it because thats literally three times (?) its weight- that makes a big difference in my eyes, and makes sense in the real world (imagine being a 100 lb person and a 300 lb person falls on you 😬 )

[last adder]

Yeah, even if you're heavier being slammed by a 7 ton animal is still gonna hurt.

[charred hearth]

what happens if the 100lb jumps into/bodychecks the 300 lb person?

[low tinsel]

it would still hurt, but probably not as much as the other way around, that isn't to say that a 100lb person couldn't potentially knock over and harm a 300lb person but it would probably take alot more force to be exerted than what the 300lb person would need to exert against the 100lb person

[balmy oyster]

not quit & diplo with most sauropods would've held their necks upwards

[queen oar]

Okay, but like, it's not like if you become heavier you become more resilient to damage, this is more related to density of the specific components found within that mass, and how that density will absorb damage... Organic Material? Besides Latex? Aren't that good at absorbing impacts, and animals who often develop to take those, like horned and domed animals, have to resort extremely specific adaptations

Example: Utilizing layers of tissue in their heads, to make it more difficult for the energy of the impact itself travel to the center of their head, these tissues include: Soft Tissues ( Like Keratin ), Bone Tissue and both conjunctive tissue from the interior or exterior of the head

For the body itself, that is not something you can often achieve, because it often involves becoming highly incapable of multiple flexible mechanisms of your body. Of course, there are exceptions, but those exceptions just found Other ways to go around those issues, they aren't the rule

There's also something about, for example, the latex, how the atoms and protons of those specific components attach to each other, and how difficult it would be to break those apart. But, I don't know much about it to talk about it in Animals, the point is:

If you become heavier... That's it. Your mass doesn't suddenly turn into armor

[outer tusk]

how bs is this that megaraptorans could stop themselves from falling by putting their hands out

[undone rapids]

People want indoraptor to be real too much

[outer tusk]

NO DEADASS

[queen oar]

Now... If you suddenly wanted to develop integuments purposefully so that you just become more difficult to actually be taken down instantly... Oh, I don't know? From a Prey and Predator interaction?

Now, that's something worth discussing

[outer tusk]

am not saying megaraptor indo doesn't work but saying it's the BEST analog for a "real" indor is pushing it

[balmy oyster]

the humble knuckle walking:

[outer tusk]

found it

[queen oar]

One can only dream of one day...

( ||Credit to Molten_Barry ||)

[lavish frigate]

How accurate is this Tarbo ontogeny

I was looking for Tarbo stuff to see what rex growth was probably like now that his children have been shoved into another genus 💀

[tough parcel]

Fine, I'll find the skull chart later™

[runic heart]

1. So what exactly would maarapunisaurus have looked like given it was a giant rebbachisaur?
2. This is good for diplodocus?

[queen oar]

If I can ask, because you asked to fish, but can I answer the first question?

[balmy oyster]

1. We don’t know since we have no good basal rebbachisaurs to base it off of. Best thing people use is lavocatisaurus but even then it’s a stretch
2. No, proportions are way off

[lavish frigate]

https://tenor.com/view/yay-kitty-cat-happy-excited-gif-14649340657186539906

[runic heart]

Sure

[runic heart]

I meant in terms of posture for the diplodocus. The leaned slightly upward thing.

[balmy oyster]

then yeah I'd say so

[runic heart]

Mm ok. So pretty much all sauropods had an upward leaning stance, with a heavy exaggeration in brachiosaur relatives?

[balmy oyster]

well, kinda? dicraeosaurs and rebbachisaurs don't really have that

[runic heart]

Isn’t there something that came up saying that rebbachisaurs may have been more similar to apatosaurs?

Hence uh…. This.

[queen oar]

Okay so...

The issue with reconstructing very fragmentary diplodocomorphs or diplocoides, it's that depictions often tend depend on derived feats in any family, and because of this, this often creates a very difficult concept to visualize how these animals function, other than the function of the relatives we have primarily and dependantly used to reconstruct them

This is not to say that there weren't Diplodocomorphs with short or long necks in the jurassic, this is pretty true verifiable evidence, but often because of how old some of these animals are, it's pretty unlikely for them to share any of those derived proportions

So, how do you do Maarapunisaurus as a Rebbachisaur? So, here's an advice... You may use Rebbachisaur proportions for the tail, body, and limbs... But use Apatosaurines for the neck. Due to them being a in-between them, their neck is neither too long nor too short. This means for, that not only due to their placement, but they are pretty good examples to use for reconstructing the neck length of very old animals like Maarapunisaurus.

[runic heart]

@queen oar what about the body ^

[queen oar]

I'd say you can use it. Tail length doesn't tend to vary much in terms of proportions ( Maybe they do in Diplodocines??? ) but yeah, just think of making a very generic Diplodocoidea, with maybe high spines ( Since that's what Maarapunisaurus has )

[balmy oyster]

I had a feeling...

diplodocoid phylogeny is in need of re-evaluations, especially apatosaurinae

[runic heart]

So what’s with the big-ass baro specimens? Anything still hold up to this day?

[queen oar]

I think all of those actually got identified as Supersaurus ( I still can't get over this stupid animal lmfao )

[balmy oyster]

Not many, largest of the giant baro’s is the second specimen on top, everything else is supersaurus (maybe first specimen could still be baro but I know second one is)

“BYU 20805”

[bright veldt]

afaik both genera have giant 40 meter-ish dudes, but I could be wrong

[ashen wedge]

When will Raptor Rex get valid?

[charred hearth]

never in a million years

[runic heart]

So supersaurus was the really big one then?

[balmy oyster]

baro can still be pretty big but yes

[balmy oyster]

I'd bargain it's possible within this or next decade, due to nano's confirmation & complete re-evaluation of tyrannosaur phylogeny we're bound to get further tyrannosaur research down the line

[runic heart]

Do the specimens being assigned to supersaurus make the animal smaller? How does supersaurus’s build compare to baros?

[ashen wedge]

Alright

[outer tusk]

no

[charred hearth]

brontomerus

[wind prairie]

also Sauria from Dead Sound

[runic heart]

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=f7kvwp9aIyM&t=1s&pp=2AEBkAIB0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD

Oh yeah, and Miragaia is back.

[ancient crystal]

Paleontology is like politics, just one big pendulum swinging from lumping everything together and everything being distinct

[runic heart]

Manfred

[open compass]

https://youtu.be/f7kvwp9aIyM?si=5mZkHt5AICUK46Lb

[runic heart]

Late. I got it first.

[open compass]

Colossal Bioscientists are nervous rn

[fierce quarry]

Terror Bird AND Megalania ? YESSS

[balmy oyster]

We’re on the side that’s splitting everything rn

[balmy oyster]

Let them be

I don’t understand why people tried so hard to defend them even after all their controversy and confirming that they can’t really be trusted

[fierce quarry]

Megalaniaaa

[fierce quarry]

Could we guess the Terror Bird species ?

[fierce quarry]

OMG it's beautiful

[fierce quarry]

Its cuuute ! I still hope we see Titanis

[clear onyx]

New modded playable the psilopterus, it can solo rex and titan packs

[cloud dagger]

Some of those prehistoric planet mammals look so ugly

[hushed fossil]

I think you're alone on that statement

[hallow spear]

yes they do, just to a lesser extent and its taxa dependant

[hallow spear]

baseless, Apatosaurs also can have an erect neck

[fierce quarry]

I'm in love with this Megalania, it's so beautiful and looks so real, I can almost touch it

[trim bluff]

Was Miragaia ever gone?

[ancient crystal]

Not in our hearts

[fierce quarry]

People are already complaining about it T_T

[trim bluff]

No, seriously, what happened there?

[balmy oyster]

People wanted to merge miragaia with dacent

[fierce quarry]

They complain about Megalania's pupils and gregarious behaviour in rhinos seen in the trailer

[runic heart]

Manfred

[tough parcel]

Many don't know this but you can critique media while also appreciating it

The slit pupil on the Megalania when a majority (all?) monitor lizards have round pupils is weird

Gregarious rhinos isn't as outlandish because I believe such congregations happen in African rhinos/Javans?

[compact leaf]

rhinos also have such low populations that their behavior has probably shifted a bit, but we do have social behavior in rhinos

[tough parcel]

Yea I was going to mention that I suspect the tendency to not herd together is a side effect of being hunted to (near) extinction

[open compass]

Well

[fierce quarry]

Yeah I know, I just don't find this a BIG deal

[tough parcel]

It's a noticeable detail that is questionable

[open compass]

I mean why they did this? It's strange

[fierce quarry]

Either they'll say why in the doc, or they just depicted it like every other reptiles in general media, with slit pupils. Tho the examples I have in mind are Stylised reptiles

[fierce quarry]

I like both tbh, I'm just glad we'll have a relatively good depiction of it

[wind prairie]

isn't it possible they're just dilated to that shape in this moment

[fierce quarry]

Nah, in the trailer it seems to have slit pupils too

[fierce quarry]

Or maybe it's a design thing to make it "more menacing" or something

[wind prairie]

god please no preplanet would never

[little mauve]

There may be a link between vertical pupils and ambush predation that they're basing it off of, or reconstructing it as most active at dusk and dawn which they're also helpful for. Doesn't look great though, should probably have just based it on other monitors.

[ancient crystal]

Ooooor it could be a trailer thing, like the tyrannosaurus having a more traditional jp-esque roar in the trailer but not the actual doc

[fierce quarry]

Either way, Megalania will be very cool to see. I still hope for a big terror bird

[runic heart]

I’m willing to bet all the species in the show were just revealed today.

[fierce quarry]

I think so too

We went from having nothing to having maybe all the species shown aha (I'm not complaining tho)

[mortal kraken]

A Tupandactylus at dusk searching for food.

-# Art of Mark Witton :3

[winged swallow]

man i need to watch prehistoric planet

i only watched either the first season or part of the first season because of the Apple TV+ free trial i think

[paper parcel]

Wonder what they would sound like

[mortal kraken]

Me too, and also wondering what their flight would be like, it would be almost like seeing a human being flying, more or less the same size.

[paper parcel]

They straight up just look like fantasy creatures

[runic heart]

After watching the trailer more closely, I find the animation to be much less goofy.

[charred hearth]

hasnt it been back

[loud pine]

Wait which day was spinosaurus formerly described I gotta make sure I celebrate their 110th birthday right

[charred hearth]

also, why is everyone ignoring that a cave lion? apparently jumped and leaped at a mammoths face

[lavish frigate]

I love this horrid bald creature

[fierce quarry]

Homotherium

[queen oar]

that stupid bird that I hate

[jagged trellis]

8

[fierce quarry]

Is it that big of a stretch ?

[runic heart]

It’s psilopterus. Why the hate?

[queen oar]

Thought it was Titanis, my hatred was aimed poorly 😔

[jagged trellis]

i get to pet a big bird, a squirrel and a baby mammoth for 8 hours
the best seat

[runic heart]

I still want titanis to appear. But why the hate?

[queen oar]

I just don't like it.

[runic heart]

I’m picking 4. Looks like a guy I’d go fishing with.

[fierce quarry]

https://tenor.com/view/terror-bird-fighting-sabartooth-tiger-gif-17304308

[jagged trellis]

thats fair but might just get pulled back by a big cat is the risk

[runic heart]

Imagine 3. You’d have to be ducking the whole flight.

[charred hearth]

kinda

[jagged trellis]

and not much room to start with seeing a big bear hogging the front

[runic heart]

It’s a cave lion? Thought it was another variant of homotherium.

[queen oar]

nope

[charred hearth]

i really dont see how , no matter what it is, somehow jump onto a adult mammoths face

[queen oar]

It's Homotherium. It doesn't have conical canines, and it has smaller lower canines

[ancient crystal]

I think just because something is implausible, or you think will get an animal killed, doesn't automatically mean it wouldn't ever happen

[charred hearth]

i just dont how it would be able to jump that high..

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/tiger-jump-aggressive-gif-14989833

[fierce quarry]

(That's seriously terrifying)

[queen oar]

Big problem, Machairodontines usually tend to be more front-heavy, and tend to have stronger forelimbs than hindlimbs. And I can't find any studies testing if they would be able to jump, although considering those differences, they would likely perform poorly.

[charred hearth]

is that elephant okay

[ancient crystal]

I would be more concerned about that guy

[queen oar]

Probably traumatized, not sure about the guy on the elephant.

[ancient crystal]

Yeah, well, I hope he didn't get mauled

[queen oar]

I doubt Homotherium would be able to jump like that, though.

[sterile knoll]

Playing Alio in honor of Nanotyrannus my beloved coming back

[ancient crystal]

Similarly, I doubt quetzalcoatlus could hover in the air and peck at a tyrannosaurus until it fled a carcass

PhP takes some liberties to tell a story

[queen oar]

Would be cool if they made that more clear, perhaps

[open compass]

It's not a cave lion

[jagged trellis]

i mean woolly mammoths are about 13 feet tall
not unreasonable in the slightly for homother to get to 10

[queen oar]

Like realistically, I understand your point, and I don't think there is a documentary that cannot take liberties. Documentaries are a form of art, in some ways, perhaps more than others...

It doesn't help when it constantly tries to promote a objective and factual depictions of what these animals did and what could do

[ancient crystal]

What if they're attacking a mammoth stuck in tar?

[frosty cedar]

HE DID IT

[queen oar]

Yes, but it's like asking: Could they jump?

[balmy oyster]

He did it…

[frosty cedar]

HE IS A MANIAC, HE ACTUALLY DID IT

[warped peak]

ENHYDRIODON FIGHTING A SABERTOOTH

[charred hearth]

its getting jumped

[frosty cedar]

Talking about Prehistoric Planet, what cat do you think is this? This is not smilodon, right?

[warped peak]

Homotherium

[jagged trellis]

what kind of question is that what

[frosty cedar]

Ah, thanks.

[ancient crystal]

No that's a canid

[warped peak]

David we know this is your alt

[rancid dove]

very beautiful model

[ancient crystal]

Quetzalcoatlus couldn't harass Tyrannosaurus because Quetzalcoatlus couldn't fly!!

[warped peak]

I would kill to see a Miocene Prehistoric Planet after this to focus on the peakest mammals

All of the cool guys were around in the Miocene

But a Paleozoic season would be awesome too. Early Permian my beloved

[frosty cedar]

I just recently started rewatching Prehistoric Planet on Apple TV ||(whoever thought that not adding a quality selector for a video is a normal idea should be burned alive, downloading is useless fr)||, and when the connection is great, my god it looks actually real. Like, me touching and feeling it through the screen real.

[ancient crystal]

They have an oceans episode that's suspiciously white shark heavy because they didn't have to use cgi

[charred hearth]

do we think meg will appear in this season or nah?

[frosty cedar]

Megalodon went extinct before the Ice Age if I remember correctly.

[ancient crystal]

Probably not unless they take some larger than usual liberties with animals not from the time period the doc is focusing on

[ancient crystal]

No, it did in the pliocene

[frosty cedar]

The turtle (literally Archelon) from the first episode:

[ancient crystal]

So before the last glacial maximum (which is probably what killed it) but it was still an ice age

[frosty cedar]

Ah, I see. I thought it was extinct already. Can't remember any period names after Mesozoic, it's confusing for me.

[loud pine]

Because I saw that pots youtube channel posted an announcement but I can't find anywhere on a solid date Spinosaurus was formerly described

[frosty cedar]

Don't know your time zone, but it seems like today.

[loud pine]

Oh man I don't have enough time

[rancid dove]

i want cretoxyrhina rn

ngl We only had marine reptiles and one shark like Otodus obliquus, I want to see Tylosaur, Prognathodon xiphactinus, and Cretoxyrhina

[charred hearth]

well its kinda late for that

[frosty cedar]

Maybe seasons after that will focus on different period, like Jurassic? I know, it's basically impossible to find locations that look like that, and you would have to render it all, but it's the price to pay. If BBC and Apple TV actually need to invest into anything, it's this series.

[charred hearth]

prehestoric planet: chased by seamonsters

[frosty cedar]

But I guess Apple doesn't have enough money, the poor international multibillion corporation.

[charred hearth]

how would you rank the 7 oceans featured in chased by seamonsters from least to most deadly? Ordovician, Triassic, Devonian, Eocene, Pliocene, Jurassic, and Cretaceous

do we count the lack of oxygen in danger level for the ordovician?

[rancid dove]

every era must be dangerous

[charred hearth]

ones alot more dangerous then the others

[rancid dove]

wiche ones ?

the great cretoxyrhina

[charred hearth]

the devonian ocean is alot less dangerous then the pliocene

[warped peak]

And the Pliocene ocean is a lot less dangerous than the Miocend

[charred hearth]

exactly

[runic heart]

Lower oxygen level:

[warped peak]

(The Oxygen level was not related, life was just relatively underdeveloped)

[rancid dove]

The water remains toxic(for human)

[charred hearth]

why would it be toxic?

[rancid dove]

H₂S+water wich was also rich in dissolved metals and minerals, like made it harsh on human skin and lungs

[charred hearth]

so, how would you rate them from the least to most dangerous?

[runic heart]

I meant lower oxygen would make it more dangerous for you.

[warped peak]

Of course with Miocene in first

[runic heart]

Would kill you quicker than any animals there.

[charred hearth]

i feel like , eocene, plio and mio would be the most dangerous for humans spefically because majority of predators would be curious to taste this new mammal they find in the water

[warped peak]

The majority of time periods on earth's history would kill humans if they just tried to live because the oxygen content or atmospheric composition has varied dramatically over 500 million years

[runic heart]

Western interior seaway:

[charred hearth]

they preyed majority on reptiles so a large ( not really ) mammal would be alot more foreign to them

[warped peak]

I would definitely rank Eocene below Cretaceous and Jurassic though. Potentially even Triassic

You also forgot Carboniferous

[runic heart]

I’d think Xiphactinus would be a persons biggest problem. Or anything’s biggest problem.

[charred hearth]

i got the list from the chased by sea monsters wiki 🙁

[rancid dove]

Ordovician → Devonian → Carboniferous → Triassic → Jurassic → Cretaceous → Eocene → Oligocene → Miocene → Pliocene

[winter marsh]

tbh safest of these is carboniferous. Biggest threat is probably the air (largest predator is a 1 meter long shrimp)

[warped peak]

(The largest predator is a 45 foot long Parahelicoprion)

With a large variety of 5 - 8m long Eugeneodont "sharks"

[rancid dove]

saivodus👀

[winter marsh]

I might be confusing it with cambrian 💀

[warped peak]

Saivodus is a lot smaller than Parahelicoprion

Also the Eocene has no reason to be ranked so high, its not THAT bad.

[rancid dove]

Does he exist?(pretty bad draw ik)

[winter marsh]

cretaceous has everything bad in it. Big squids, big fish, big sharks, big marine reptiles from various shapes, its basically an 100 ways to die by Goji center

[warped peak]

It does seem like cheating to include both the Upper and Lower Cretaceous when they're basically entirely different marine biomes, but both really are still more dangerous than the Eocene

[charred hearth]

i feel like the triassic should be higher due to the evil ass itchyosaurs

[velvet burrow]

I may or may not but most definitely may need answers

What is the consensus on piatnitzkysauridae?
I've seen they're either megalosauroids, allosauroids but also apparently in the Yuanmouraptor description they're sister to avetheropoda?

[rancid dove]

Is this a skeleton of a megalosaurus?

[undone rapids]

There is no consensus, they've been allosauroids recently, but they'll probably continue to jump around a bit as we better understand them

[undone rapids]

Yup

You can find most of dan folkes skeletals on thecodontia website

[hushed fossil]

Design reviews: Ark's Thylacoleo

Good or nah?

(Ignore the background)

[warped peak]

Gorgeous and iconic

[jagged trellis]

save the classic: ark kaijufying stuff
its very good

[warped peak]

ARK has done an excellent job of making a niche obscure animal into an almost commonplace prehistoric creature name

[fierce quarry]

So guys...do we think we've seen all the species that are going to appear in Prehistoric Planet S3 ? Seems weird to have Moas and Elephant Birds but no Haasr Eagle

[warped peak]

Nah

[ashen ether]

They got the giant fossa in prehistoric planet ice age! Madagascar fans anyone?

[warped peak]

We're probably getting a whole Madagascar episode

[compact leaf]

I don’t think it’ll be an entire madagascar episode based on what we know so far, but I could see an australia/madagascar split episode

[warped peak]

Fair

[compact leaf]

or throwing new zealand in there too, make it an islands episode

[warped peak]

There was moa wasn't there? Or only elephant birds

[compact leaf]

both I think, moa for sure because there’s a male and female

[hardy sentinel]

Imagine dying and people think the dwarf that slimed tf outta your kids is your kid (Nanotyrannus/Rex reference)

[ancient crystal]

Well how could we ride it otherwise?

[jagged trellis]

its very much so rideable irl end
just not a very tall mount

under 3 foot king to run about

[hardy sentinel]

Nanuqsaurus is just Tyrannosaurid Oxalaia

It's a fragmentary animal where 99% of it's reconstructions are just another animal but with a weird twist so it's different

[plush fossil]

Speaking of oxalaia, how do we know if it had a sail (i think it's depicted with that) if we only have a part of the snout? I know it was probably compared to other spinosaurids related to it but is there a way we would know for sure?
Please ignore if this question doesn't make sense or is dumb LOL

[bitter quest]

Now I'm curious if daspleto, NMC 8506, has a jaw force of 14,360N how much would Pete iii have? Also bite force

[craggy trench]

the true Oxalaia recon

[ancient crystal]

https://tenor.com/view/dispatch-dispatch-game-robert-attack-kick-gif-2274002873513934273

[charred hearth]

are Cuckoos's the only parasitic birds?

[lofty creek]

I have to mention here that Nanuqsaurus actually have a more complete skull

[warped peak]

Nah there's many parasitic birds

[charred hearth]

oh really, how so?

[hardy sentinel]

But it's portrayed as nothing but a fluffy Dasp, it differs very little if not at all

[fossil ingot]

Pete III is around 3.75t
And NMC 8506 was the Torosus Holotype wasn't it, which is like 3.4t
So idk?
Maybe 16kn

[compact leaf]

like nest parasites? there’s a ton of them

cowbirds are another good example, some ducks are pseudo nest parasites and lay eggs in the nests of multiple other females

[charred hearth]

oh..what makes the cuckoo the most famous of them then?

[bitter quest]

Correct it was the holotype

Also doesn't help there is this on Pete iii that I saw

Iirc wasn't the holotype estimated to be 3.6t?

I forgot what was daspletosaurus bite force in psi

[fossil ingot]

Oh yeah
Wasn't this before the newer Pete III Stuff came?

Pete III isn't much bigger than the Holotype

[fossil ingot]

Given how Goofy PSI can sometimes be
I would expect alot

[bitter quest]

Interesting, yeah all I know about dasp rn is the jaw force not the psi

[fossil ingot]

20,000PSI trust

[queen oar]

I believe you cited the jaw force of a Tyrannosaur earlier, right? Did the authors say what methods they used? Because we could try to use it on Daspleto ( If possible )

[bitter quest]

Yes I indeed did but I didn't exactly see the method they used if it was mentioned

Wait nvm I just found it, the formula they used to get the jaw force

It states these are estimations based if respective muscle's anatomical cross-sectional area has the same contribution to total subtemporal fenestra area

[queen oar]

Is it possible to execute it manually? Or do we need other tools?

[bitter quest]

Not quite sure on that part I'm currently reading it

If you want to check it out for yourself, here you go
https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25326

[fluid inlet]

https://x.com/andrejspiridon4/status/1986015335883939996?s=46

Andrej Spiridonov (@AndrejSpiridon4)

Yes, this thing bothered me. In describing dinosaurs, it seems, there is a separate scale when naming small, medium, large compared to mammals. We should compare everything to a single scale.
"Dinosaurised scale" and the correct scale below. Figure from:
https://t.co/fqv7XteMvC

X · Nov 5, 2025, 10:18 AM

[thorn grove]

I don't see why you couldn't do it manually provided you have the necessary information

[queen oar]

I mean, it's important to ask anyways. But, I think even so, it would involve us actually having to manually reconstruct the respective jaw conjunctive tissues

[thorn grove]

that's true although depending on how exactly accurate you want it to be you could scale some of those from other Tyrannosaurs

regardless, the authors already estimated Daspletosaurus' bite force in the study, at 14,360 N

[queen oar]

Yeah, but the person wants a different Daspletosaurus specimen, it seems

[runic rover]

I have a controversial question.

Are we SURE all dromaeosaurids had feathers? Because it came to me that we found evidence of some of them being feathered, and it just came to me that we may be looking yet again at a "Yutyrannus is feathered therefore Rex must be too" with raptors.

I'm not "glazing Jurassic park" or something, I am just genuinely wondering if that is even a chance.

[queen vortex]

Me trying to figure out the difference between a carcharodontosaurus and a giganotosaurus

[balmy oyster]

Wait till you see mammals

[queen vortex]

I’m toasted🫩

[bright veldt]

Tyrannosaurids are currently an exception in coelurosaurs. Literally every other time we’ve found direct evidence in integument in coelurosaurs it’s almost always full fluff.

Dromaeosaurs in particular have up to a dozen species with integument preserved and they all essentially show full feathers akin to a bird right down to the complex feather structure and wings.

We don’t really question it right now in the same way we don’t question finding a bird skeleton without integument. We’re not going to assume or speculate that the bird doesn’t have feathers.

[queen vortex]

So does Giga have those spines on its back?? I keep seeing pics of Giga with and without those spines

[undone rapids]

Those are speculation, The only differences between Giga and Carch are in the skull. Since that's all Carcha has

Here's Carch and Giga

[brave nova]

How much bigger even is dentarys skull to holotype. Like % wise

[undone rapids]

We don't know, the dentary it self is around 6% larger, but these can vary alot even on the same animal. Where the left Dentary of an animal is some % larger than the right dentary, so there's no real way to estimate the total size of the dentary skull reliably.

Best we can say it was probably of similar size

[brave nova]

Guessing 10t+ dentary giga comes from just scaling up the holotype entire skull by 6%?

[undone rapids]

It comes from scaling up the entire holotype by 6%

[outer tusk]

Giga overall skull is a bit taller with a taller lacrimal front and carchar is a bit longer and much more smooth and "rounded"

[tough parcel]

It's so joever

[stiff osprey]

Wait for the thread.

[tough parcel]

No!!! You were supposed to know more than them, not wait for them to release the thread!

[queen oar]

You really loved this Jerboadiver emote huh?

[true juniper]

Why do I sometimee see carcharodontosaurus reconstructions with higher spines

[fierce quarry]

I see...well, we're all humans, we all make mistakes

[fallen seal]

No thats a paleo meme. People keep reconstructing or designing carcgarodontosaurs with back spines but there's 0 evidence of it.

[arctic hemlock]

General Question do you guys think alioramus could have been bigger? since only juvie fossils was found

[undone rapids]

All animals, would have bigger individuals than the ones we've found bones of. The an adult Alio would be bigger, Qianzhousaurus is probably what it'd be like

[open compass]

So, they'll fix it?

[runic heart]

Nope. Shows already done.

[open compass]

It's not too late

[runic heart]

It probably is.

[runic heart]

We will see

[languid lance]

Can we talk about how little bones yet so much knowledge we have of the Quetzalcoatlus😭

[stiff osprey]

Well, we have little bones of the big one. Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni has like a thousand bones

[charred hearth]

whats faster and why, alio ( or qianzho ) or nano?

[undone rapids]

Nano, cuz longest legs/feet bones

[charred hearth]

so alio lost its place as the fastest tyrannosaurid?

[undone rapids]

Don't think it was ever really there considering its a juvi and stuff like Juvi Gorgosaurs were prob faster

[charred hearth]

oh..

[sudden wind]

They really just edited Carch to make their Giga

[charred hearth]

so, i have a question, who would be faster, juvi rex or nano?

[undone rapids]

We don't really have any good described juvi rexes, but nano prob

[charred hearth]

nano really robbed juvi rex of everything..

[undone rapids]

Here's nano(jane) with Qianzhousaurus, they're similar in height, but Nano has longer Feet bones and longer lower legs overall, so it covers more ground with each step + its lighter with a smaller head

[queen oar]

Hello Sir, can I get my hands on that Qianzhousaurus skeletal?

[fossil ingot]

I would just use Hartman's Jane tbh

[tough parcel]

Alioramines seem to be (in general) less adapted for speed

[fossil ingot]

Jumpscare

[queen oar]

true.

[tough parcel]

Erm hey buddy...he already did an N. lethaeus skeletal!

[fossil ingot]

@tough parcel Thats why I said Jane

[tough parcel]

Me when the tyrannus

[undone rapids]

Just gonna use Dueler now

[fossil ingot]

LEG

[fiery maple]

(Replying to this since you didn't get an answer) This is likely a human cultural thing rather than any inherent biological trait, but it's possibly due in part to the common cuckoo (which is a brood parasite-- not all cuckoos are!) living across the entirety of Europe and Asia and being very visually obvious (thereby drawing more attention and interest) as a brood parasite since they usually look nothing like their host and are significantly larger

[tough parcel]

I'm going cuckoo for coco puffs is a good start too

[charred hearth]

ooh alright

was it possible any dinosaur species could have "culture" ?

[warped peak]

How much do we even have of big quetzal?

[fiery maple]

culture in animals is a little complicated, but depending on how you define it, it's reasonably possible, though most research on animal culture is from researching haplorrhine primates (my primatology professor actually talked about ape cultures with us a whole bunch, it's cool stuff)
if you want to browse around https://datadiversitylab.github.io/ACDB, it's a little database of cultural behavior research!

[charred hearth]

im trying to think about other animals with culture excluding mammals, all i can think about is orca's, elephants and apes...

[fiery maple]

why is there an elf there

[undone rapids]

She was there when they were alive

[queen oar]

I think that's a bit too straight.

Although, I tend to posture my theropods differently, so maybe it's only my impression

[fierce quarry]

So, how do we know about its beak, neck etc ? Is Quetz mainly reconstructed based on other azhdarchids ?

[queen oar]

I think, they just reconstruct it after the other species, no?

[balmy oyster]

lawsoni

[fierce quarry]

Ooooh okay

[undone rapids]

Most Pterosaur are not very complete, the smaller species of Quetz is very complete which is used to complete the bigger species. but a recent paper found that they are not each other's closest relatives, but still pretty clsoe and probably still the best for completeing quetz. Here's the material of hatz btw

[queen oar]

Such a funky beak

[ashen wedge]

How do we Hatz’s beak shape?

[undone rapids]

We don't

[fierce quarry]

Yeah Pterosaur bones are particularly fragile

[ashen wedge]

Then why do we give Hatz a much thicker beak than Quetz?

[undone rapids]

The bones of Hatz and its close relatives are more robust that those of Quetz, so probably that

[ashen wedge]

I suppose that makes sense

[balmy oyster]

What probably glaive said & I think a more basal position in its phylogeny?

[opaque kayak]

That's actually the quetz, the long necked crested thing on the right is friren

[hushed fossil]

Design reviews: Ark's Megalodon

Good or nah?

[fierce quarry]

Nah for me

[queen oar]

horrenduous

[fluid inlet]

What material do we have of Purussaurus in total?

[rancid dove]

60 t fish

@warped peak

[queen oar]

ew

[opaque kayak]

Kinda good ngl

[fluid inlet]

Yeah that’s not too bad at all.

[fluid inlet]

How much is the big specimen subjected to change in size tho being only known from what looks like to be jaw bones

[sudden wind]

Uhm, Azhdarchid sp. you mean!

[ancient crystal]

One of the worst original ark designs in everyway

[balmy oyster]

Well no, even if it isn’t as close to quetz as we thought it’s probably not getting a name change anytime soon & lawsoni is easier and more understandable to say

[hushed fossil]

Could you guys elaborate pls?

[sudden wind]

It's probably getting a name change because it isn't Q.northropi closest relative anymore and falls in a polytomy with other fossil taxa.

[ancient crystal]

Well for one the note art doesn't resemble the in game model, which itself is pretty unappealing to look at

Biggest issue for me is size, I mean ark upsizes all these animals to absurd degrees but then decides to take megalodon of all animals and make it a realtively tiny early game tame.

Keeping on the actual game mechanics, the only thing meg has going for it is it gets a pack bonus, which is also stupid because it should reasonably be able to suffice alone

All in all its just really poorly designed visually and mechanically next to its island peers.

[hushed fossil]

Fair enough

[queen oar]

Because it makes them giant white sharks ( Which I think it's the intention ), it has bad oral configuration, and the eyes are fuc-&%$# horrible. Credits to Evoincarnate, as always.

[hushed fossil]

Was talking more so about the design tho

[warped peak]

The design is "SharK" and that's all

[ancient crystal]

I further don't like the fin rays along the spine and how small the gills are

Again, its just pretty lame for what ark usually tries to do

[balmy oyster]

But until then…

Lawsoni!!!

[queen oar]

We should independently name it " Lawsonpterus "

[hushed fossil]

I guess they wanted the mosa to be the sea monster for some reason

[ancient crystal]

(The only thing remotely great white about the ark meg is the one drawing in the note)

[queen oar]

Oh yeah

[winter marsh]

meg in ark is one of the few that they couldve made huge but shrunk it to no bigger than a cretoxyrhina

[ancient crystal]

It was done super dirty

[charred hearth]

omega chopped

[hushed fossil]

You could say that for most herbivores also

[fluid inlet]

@stiff osprey is he right or wrong

[rancid dove]

squali if upsize it

[ancient crystal]

Yeah, but ark being the game that it is can kinda justify that with needing something to be easy to tame in the early game and herbivores would be an obvious choice on top of being easier to feed

Meg has no similar excuse

[hushed fossil]

I want my murder trike tho

[queen oar]

In general, I think the art of Ark is that it just uses stereotypes associated to the concept of the specific animals... Example: Giganotosaurus was the " Biggest Theropod " back in the day, so what they did? They made a Colossal Theropod

It's bad? Yeah, but there's some charm to it.

[ancient crystal]

And herbivores are usually really good utility tames

Meg just sucks across the board for everything and anything because it was made at a time where mosasaurus vs megalodon was a serious debate on the internet

[hushed fossil]

I don't think it's bad, it's not a docu and the game is science fiction

[queen oar]

I mean, yeah... But, at the same time, you would expect for example: A Lion to look like a Lion

Realistically, yes. Ark is not realistic... But it doesn't mean that there aren't some people that wished for some good representation of their favorite extinct taxa

[ancient crystal]

Well, they failed miserably for megalodon.

It's whole thing is being the big shark, and it is literally one of the smaller water tames.

[queen oar]

true

[ancient crystal]

And with all the shark stereotypes that fit into the awesomebro ark style, it should have been a slam dunk

[queen oar]

If I do honest, I really feel like the department responsible for designing the water creatures lacked any creativity.

[stiff osprey]

yes we have a nearly complete Purussaurus skeleton, would be nice if we had real measurements

[fluid inlet]

So size is subjected to change right , for being bigger or being smaller. He’s acting like there is no way it can be smaller.

[rancid dove]

ark love so much glazing xipha and heli rn

[hushed fossil]

Most creatures look like the part?

[ancient crystal]

I can't think of any that don't look the part, even megalodon for all its failures as a design remains a big shark

(Until you venture out into the ocean)

[stiff osprey]

it's not going to get the Deinosuchus treatment if that's what you're asking, we do have a general idea of how big it is. Could be about a meter smaller or a meter larger than the current 10m estimates

[hushed fossil]

I don't think thats true, they at least give an idea of what they're supposed to be (did I understand it correctly?)

[rancid dove]

I would have liked him to make a Cretoxyrhina if they want an average shark

[queen oar]

I mean yes, because that's what Ark does it just enhances the stereotype associated to those animals... Beyond that, I kinda of don't think so, really. Realistically, if none of the them had those names, you would had to guess what respective animals they are. The only exceptions I can think where that wouldn't be the case, are animals who have very iconic features: Carnotaurus, Spinosaurus, Kaprosuchus, etc.

Otherwise... It would be just a guess game, if the Tyrannosaurus in the game was just called " Tyrannosaur "

[hushed fossil]

If you say so 🤷

[compact leaf]

I mean if it’s a giant tyrannosaur in a mainstream game you have a safe bet it’s tyrannosaurus

[queen oar]

You could, but it's also not that big compared to other things on the game... So it would just be confusing trying to make sense around it.

[ancient crystal]

Tbf it was pretty big until giga got added, and then its all downhill from there

[queen oar]

Pretty much... I'm just more saying... If you made a Stylized Design for a Dinosaur

If you don't add any context, like it's real name or iconic feats... Nobody would really know what it is.

[outer tusk]

OMG IS THAT MY KING "SUPER"

[charred hearth]

whats the current fastest therapod

[winter marsh]

jobaria

[fierce quarry]

Could someone tell me what materials do w ehave for the "Dracula" Pterosaur specimen ?

[runic heart]

Apparently it was an error. Probably miscommunication with the cgi guys. I understand, but the guy working on Megalania should at least know what a monitor lizard looks like.

[warped peak]

Its a single detail on a single animal

There was quite a few much bigger issues with PP lol

[runic heart]

And there will still likely be many issues with this season. Of course less speculative though since we know a lot more about Pleistocene stuff.

Even with the speculative stuff though, seasons one and two had their fair share of screwups through miscommunications. Prime example being the shamosuchus/paraligator.

[winter marsh]

why does the thick meg has such a bulldog skull

[hardy sentinel]

Human sweat system or avian respiratory system

Same speed, who can travel longer before collapsing

[warped peak]

This is pretty testable

[little mauve]

Are we including limb adaptations as well?

[fluid inlet]

lol wtf is this

[little mauve]

For something like an ostrich, which can probably travel further than a human at high or low speeds, a lot of that efficiency comes from the gait and how the limbs store and release energy and not necessarily the respiration system. I dont know if the latter has been properly tested but it's an interesting question

[outer tusk]

How many et al are we using bruh 😭

[lavish frigate]

What is this analog horror ah spinosaurus

[tough parcel]

Idk how they even got this size like what

[fluid inlet]

It’s funny cuz the dizzy person posted it on their YouTube

[stiff osprey]

3t deinosuchus and 12t spinosaurus

[jagged trellis]

both:)

[potent bobcat]

What’s the current status on Bruhathkayosaurus? Is it the name of an abelisaur, with the sauropod material going unnamed, or did I hallucinate that?

[ancient crystal]

An abomination

[potent bobcat]

A mod for Ark Survival Ascended

[runic heart]

Idk. Probably just a Titanosaur with proportionally large legs.

It also is not of the same name I believe.

[queen oar]

You wanna see something more bizarre that I found?

[queen oar]

https://www.deviantart.com/dinosauredusud/art/detailed-hypothetical-models-of-Sauroniops-pachyth-1213167900

[hardy sentinel]

Gyatt

[charred hearth]

SAURONIOPS WILL NEVER BE REAL

[balmy oyster]

the inconspicuous decently preserved frontal region:

[zealous ravine]

Lmfao. Me omw to give an animal the weirdest proportions ever to make it as big as physically possible

[balmy oyster]

Makes for a cool monster design

[astral spindle]

🥀

[green helm]

disgusting

[green helm]

ofcourse dizzy rose would believe it..

[robust crane]

is nanotyrannus lancensis the coyote latheus the wolf, and t rex the bear?

[stable sun]

The holotype is a theropod illium.

The sauropod material isn't Bruhathkayosaurus

[robust crane]

and for the prey edmontosaurus are moose/elk trikes are bisons

[potent bobcat]

Gotcha, and the current unofficial name for it is Fangorn, yes?

[robust crane]

and is dakotaraptor valid?

[plush fossil]

Don't think so

[stable sun]

yes

[runic rover]

I wanna know if "laeviatanus is real"

[stable sun]

What's that

[runic rover]

It's the nickname they gave to the colossal "Carch" vertebra found in Brazil

[stable sun]

Well that's real but the name is unofficial and wasn't actually given to it

[runic rover]

Wait... This thing was found in late cretaceous?!

[opaque kayak]

It's kem kem like carch

[stable sun]

That's Sauroniops, which is a single skull bone from the Kem Kem formation (same as Spino and Carcharodontosaurus) and probably isn't that big

[runic rover]

I didn't know that but thank God, Laeviatanus seems like the thing a 13years old gave to his DA original dinosaur (do not steal)

[stable sun]

Laeviatanus was a name given by the paleontologist Cau in 2008 for a hypothetical largest theropod

[full anvil]

So, when therizinasaurus was first found it was just the arms...and the first thing they thought was a giant tutrtle??? I would've 100% thought they belonged to a giant therapod carnavore

[undone rapids]

https://x.com/Midiaou7/status/1439362373274505219?s=20

MD (@Midiaou7)

Homotherium serum is the iconic mammoth calf hunting cat from Texas and the rest of Western North America. I came to the realization that there's no reliable lateral skeletals of the animal, nor is the offcial description ever reliably available. So I worked on this (thread)

X · Sep 18, 2021, 10:55 PM

[runic rover]

I was expecting this channel to be even more of a fistfight than the official PoT channel, but I have to admit this gotta be the best Paleo channel I have seen in a long time btw

[tough parcel]

Nuh uh, we'll fix that

[runic rover]

Nobody just screams at you for liking something or mock you for asking a valid but controversial question (like Yesterday when I asked about what are the odds that there could be unfeathered dromaeosaurids given how we never found actual feathers on things like Velociraptor & Deinonychus), everyone just explained politely to me the reason of why, I'm more used at people going full chimp and throwing dung at you for even entertaining the idea that Nano could exist before 1 week ago.

[tough parcel]

People keep saying "Oh I was hit with slings and arrows for suggesting Nano was valid but only a month ago" but I've never seen that happen 💔

[runic heart]

I have a hunch that php ice age will gloss over the fact that we killed off all the megafauna. We love denying responsibility and blame it all on climate change.

[runic rover]

Only Nano fans who actively said it got to experience that.

[tough parcel]

Persecution of the masses...

[runic rover]

Did we really kill them off like that? Like is it possible that a bunch of people with pointy sticks risking their life hunting any of these large megafauna that extensively could pull that?

[compact leaf]

it was probably a cascade effect, the climate did start to change and we destabilized things enough that it made that worse and then we mopped up what was left

[runic rover]

Okok that makes more sense to me, as in I'd expect that kind of carnage in modern times where survival is a concept so far away and we actively hunt stuffs for trophies while risking very little with the modern firepower, but in that period I find it hard

Speaking of. I wonder if we'll hear the theory that Komodo dragons are insular dwarfism Megalania, I found it very amusing.

[tough parcel]

@runic rover

[runic rover]

Thanks!

[steep atlas]

cool fantasy dinosaur

[hardy sentinel]

I love homotherium

[hardy sentinel]

Nanotyrannus was the final nail in the coffin

[tough parcel]

(It wasn't because there's still large maniraptoran material)

[craggy trench]

We can’t formally make Dakota invalid cause we can’t look at his material asdf

So he gets to be valid as a treat until then

Schrödinger's Dromaeosaurid go brrr

[quiet falcon]

Does anyone know what plants grow in Bayanshiree Formation?

[stable sun]

Why would you think that tbf

[hardy sentinel]

Because they already know what a theropod carnivore looks like, people back then didn't have as complete of a view and the most similar thing to Theri's claws at the time was a turtle

Therizinosaurus claws compared to Alligator snapping turtle claws

[last adder]

https://tenor.com/view/shin-godzilla-gif-12494106490199660928

[last adder]

Disappointing that it was overlooked, ngl.

[plush fossil]

Shin Godzilla my beloved

[versed vigil]

I truly hate how scary along the theri’s claws are

[ashen ether]

I couldn’t imagine getting swatted by those claws full force too

[paper parcel]

No

[hushed fossil]

Design reviews: Ark's Purlovia

Good or nah?

[weak bay]

Is that a real animal

[balmy oyster]

Yes but it’s not a very well known animal

This is what we have of the skull it seems

[little mauve]

There are abundant fruits at Bor Guvé and Khara Kuutal so angiosperms of some kind seem to have been common, IDing them is impossible at this point. I'd look to roughly contemporaneous northern hemisphere sites with better plant records for inspiration

[warped peak]

This is the only other art of it in existence so its decent by default of being the only one basically

Outside of being a carnivore

[light osprey]

we have Araucarian cones from the Sheeregeen Gashoon locality, Nyssoidea mongolica type is from here, though it’s been said to have not actually been related to nyssaceae, my guess would be a Cercidiphyllaceae identity for the fruit.

[quiet falcon]

Thanks @little mauve and @light osprey

[little mauve]

Seems like the comparisons to the Nemegt are pretty apt

[stable sun]

Wdym no it's just true

[balmy oyster]

Yes

[hushed fossil]

Yes

[hardy sentinel]

Nanotyrannus is so visually appealing

[runic heart]

I didn’t know what homotherium was until a few months ago. I already love it.

[hardy sentinel]

SAME BEAST 🗣️🗣️ RAHHH 🔥✍️

[bright veldt]

The purlovia is huge (the animal is only about a meter long most likely irl) and overly mammalified. Therocephalians don't have fur and don't give birth to live young.

[ancient crystal]

Tbf, almost every animal in ark is huge (aside from megalodon)

[compact leaf]

most ironic thing ever

[charred hearth]

meg is the largest fish, right?

[hushed fossil]

Most non-sauropod herbivores in Ark aren't that huge

[cloud dagger]

That ark purlovia looks like someone’s character rather than a therocephalian animal and as always plantigrade is made digitigrade

[tough parcel]

This is because digitigrade is ugly

[charred hearth]

on average, who would be larger, leed or a whale sharl?

[ashen wedge]

https://tenor.com/view/star-wars-theres-always-a-bigger-fish-the-phantom-menace-gif-15951236

[light osprey]

To an extent, I’m actually trying to find some better literature on the description of Araucarian wood from the Nemegt, given so far I haven’t found Palynology samples with them, so I’m suspecting a Cheirolepidiaceous identity

[runic heart]

A bigger meg probably

[split forge]

Largest fish that we know of I think

[bright veldt]

Ye

[sullen reef]

@split forge sorry, it got deleted before I got a proper chance to read it but, I like Anurognathus and eohippus if that helps at all 😅

[split forge]

oh my god a horse with toes

[sullen reef]

Right? It's very cute lol

[split forge]

Wasn't there like a wolf with hooves too, or something? One of those weird 'missing link' animals

[sullen reef]

The "hell pig" maybe?

[split forge]

no not that one. It was a beachgoer I think.

[sullen reef]

Mesonychids?

[split forge]

"Andrewsarchus"

[split forge]

apparently that's it, I just knew it by another name

[sullen reef]

All good haha

[split forge]

These ancient mammals are a trip. And not in the same way dinosaurs, synapsids and fish are. More in the "I refuse to believe this thing was real" way.

[sullen reef]

Understandable haha
There's a ton of strange ones

[little mauve]

This thread might have some useful sources https://x.com/Jaizinosaurus/status/1954611644668969181?s=20

Jaizinosaurus the Turtle Lizard (@Jaizinosaurus)

The Paleoflora of The Nemegt Formation 🧵

X · Aug 10, 2025, 6:31 PM

[charred hearth]

would a orca have any way of drowning a stellar sea cow?

[runic heart]

I mean, bite tail arteries so it can’t swim. That’s what some sharks do to whales today.

[tough parcel]

No because they never really figured out how to 😭

[charred hearth]

i think its too fat to sink

[full lagoon]

Yeah they were buoyant

[runic heart]

I suppose so, yeah.

[wind prairie]

keep in mind andrewsarchus is no longer considered a mesonychid

[bright veldt]

We don't really have knowledge of how orcas would've hunted sea cows. Although there's a few things about them that probably didn't make for ideal prey.

1. They inhabit kelp forests, which orcas generally avoid.
2. The sea cows literally float, so drowning it is very difficult.
3. Last I checked based on hunting accounts, sea cows will actively defend each other when under attack instead of fleeing.

[hoary trellis]

leed

[charred hearth]

ik its against wooden boats but wasnt it noted that their headbutting really didnt do alot?

[true urchin]

where can i find a list of the marine life that lived alongside tylosaurus

[queen oar]

Probably by precise attacks? I mean, I could be wrong, but isn't there this factoid that Orcas will actively target Shark Livers? Maybe depending on how experienced they are with Sea Cows, they may also know the most effective location to apply some form of injury?

[left scaffold]

Paleo nerds, hear my plea. What was the biggest Psudeosuchian? Size, name, yadda yadda. I'm so horrible at researching stuff🙏

[wind prairie]

joemamasuchus

[balmy oyster]

It’s between silosuchus giant vert, prestosuchus giant vert, fasolasuchus

[thorn grove]

wouldn't it be purussaurus since modern crocodilians are within pseudosuchia

[balmy oyster]

Oh yeah you’re right lol

[tardy dune]

question, i was doing some resharch n discovered the Cenomanian-Turonian faunal turnover event. given that this was caused by a rapid rise in global co2 n asidification in the oceans

is it safe to say that the ongoing tectonic activity caused this?

nvm, it did

[serene moat]

Question, so atm what's the heaviest nodosaur to ankylosaur comparison???

[stable sun]

Purussaurus

[stiff osprey]

^
Purussaurus was between 10-11 meters long and lived in northern South America 16-5 million years ago

[quick palm]

@green helm

[green helm]

yes

[green helm]

search up dizzy rose on this channel and you will find it

[quick palm]

Acrocanthosaurus mauls deinosuchus

(Gamma Jack victims)

[green helm]

why are we doing it here theres a timer here

[quick palm]

Where do I go then

[green helm]

to the debate channel we were before its called debate room for a reason no?

[quick palm]

Oh

[fossil ingot]

I wonder if The Smallest Puru Species lived today would change anything
Will it be able to sustain itself?

[stiff osprey]

neivensis would prob be fine prior to human overexploitation of resources, after that it would either go extinct or shrink

[fossil ingot]

Rip

[full lagoon]

The ultimate fate of a lot of wildlife nowadays

[quick palm]

Majungasaurus slams ceratosaurus

[ashen wedge]

Question: Would an Allosaurus (any of the species) survive in Hell Creek along side a T-Rex?

[undone rapids]

Small ones should would do better maybe, get bullied by subadults and adult rexes ofc and have to compete with Nanos, but if there's enough edmontos to go around, sure why not.

[quick palm]

Albertosaurus > Allosaurus

[ashen wedge]

That seems fair

[pallid heath]

depends if their target prey is there

allosaurus could go after their own prey while tyrannosaurus goes after theirs but if one does not have its target prey it may interfere with the tyrannosauruses food causing a new target prey for the allosaurus and tyrannosaurus

[quick palm]

Hot take

Yutyrannus beats an allosaurus in a fight

[ashen wedge]

Depends on the Allosaurus species

[hardy sentinel]

Which species of Allosaurus

[quick palm]

Allosaurus fragilis

[fossil ingot]

Fragilis Dwarf Yuty at Max size
So ima guess you are using a Small Fragilis

[severe yew]

Spinosaurus was the strongest and more intelligent and fearsome dinosaur!

and that is a fact ✅

https://tenor.com/view/powered-x-people-powered-by-people-period-fact-facts-gif-16888237

also, it could swim underwater ✅

[charred hearth]

my honest reaction

[runic heart]

Extremely overweight yet somehow malnourished bald columbian mammoth with that sack head the Wwd lusotitan has.

[queen oar]

You cannot be for real. We went over this thing 2 times already!

[tough parcel]

It’s bait, don’t do it

Why do you think no-one’s responded on a weekend 😭

[charred hearth]

because they have lives?

[iron halo]

in a dinosaur discord?💔

[neat notch]

Guys, I'm a scale of 1 to 10, how likely u ppl think lightning strikes were of a threat to big sauropods (Argentinosaurus, Patagotitan, etc)?

[stiff osprey]

About 3. They usually lived near trees which are much taller than they are, so it would only be a threat if they were standing by the exact tree that got hit

[drifting condor]

Would dinosaurs bask like reptiles today

[hushed fossil]

Prolly not, theyre warm blooded

[drifting condor]

Woah

[hushed fossil]

Cute

Design reviews: Ark's Meganeura

Good or nah?

[green helm]

gets hunted down

[jagged trellis]

i don't know mega to full but iirc the ONLY thing thats genuinely off is being abit skinny and the normal arking bits( just not nightmarishly so)
rest are reasonable spec and being meganuera

[charred hearth]

is the stellar sea cow really that fat

[ionic crescent]

unrelated but i find hilarious nobody made a big brain meme out of this columbi depiction

[sudden wind]

I think it might depends on how you reconstruct your Mosasaurs. Afaik, they were hella skinny and Mosasaurus itself would have weighted about 4 metric tons: at 12.3 meters, Tosha's reconstruction is at 6.4 tons. However, Incinerox's Mosa, with a deeper dearticulated torso, goes up to 10 tons. Steller's sea cow possibly reached up to 9-10 metric tons, but most estimates seem to gravitate around 4 tons as well.

[warped peak]

Stellar's Sea Cow covers a large size range. The largest recorded skeletons indicate around 9m and 12 - 14 tons

We have a quite good grasp on the size of Stellar from documentation of life specimens combined with an extensive record

[paper parcel]

what would eggnog taste like if it was made from sauropod eggs(I love eggnog)

[pallid heath]

I just remembered estemmenosuchus existed and is WICKED AF

[warped peak]

More effective at headbutting than Pachycephelasaurus!

[charred hearth]

https://tenor.com/view/bighorn-sheep-katav-mountain-dew-combat-fight-gif-12410499907194562754

if a pachy did this too you, would you survive?

[pallid heath]

Oh he was chubby?

[runic heart]

Maybe. Idk if shrink wrapping extends to this guys face. Maybe someone here could answer???

[pallid heath]

I think some shrinkwrapping is acceptable for some prehistoric creatures faces

[runic heart]

Yeah but like, I’m wondering if it’s this kinda situation.

[pallid heath]

Whoa, what a facelift

[bright veldt]

This isn't correct afaik.

They still would've been visible.

[wind prairie]

yeah they're kinda too big to have not been visible lol

[warped peak]

Daily reminder that mammals have weird anatomy and applying it, even to moderately distant related mammals, yields drastically different results

IE Hippos compared to Horses compared to Platypus compared to Cats

Let alone animals that aren't mammals

[paper parcel]

lisowicia my beloved

[outer tusk]

2nd daily reminder: one animal will not say the same thing for another animal

[tough parcel]

The humble horseshoe crab...

[ancient crystal]

But how am I supposed to criticize paleo reconstructions if I can't equate extinct animals to my very poor understanding of mammal biology

[charred hearth]

is this true?? https://x.com/zackdfilms1/status/1987618890545836409

Zack D. Films (@zackdfilms1)

Why Paleontologists Lick Fossils 😳

X · Nov 9, 2025, 8:30 PM

what stops paleontologists fron getting dieases when they lick fossils?

[balmy oyster]

Well
It’s a rock
So virtually nothing

[charred hearth]

waitt....so i can safely lick rocks?

i will do this tomorrow.

but wont licking the fossil damage it?

[opaque kayak]

👅

[charred hearth]

i never considered you could be a woman, maybe im a bad person.

also what fossil are you even licking

[tough parcel]

No because human saliva is not battery acid nor are you licking it repeatedly (hopefully)

[charred hearth]

i hope i can lick a fossil one day

[paper parcel]

Yummy fossils

[charred hearth]

who here has licked a fossil? im curious

[paper parcel]

Do they taste good though? How many can you eat?

[thorn grove]

I haven’t yet but I can lick some Edmonto fingers when I get home

[charred hearth]

tell us how that goes

[thorn grove]

it tastes like rock

[paper parcel]

EAT IT

[thorn grove]

no I like having it

[ancient crystal]

Someone tried to get me to lick a megalodon tooth but one of the grad students I work for was standing over my shoulder very much expecting that I don't lick the fossil

[zealous ravine]

Ah yes, the technique lmao

[zealous ravine]

I have. Also to explain why folks do it, the porous texture of fossils means they stick to your tongue, which normal rocks don't, so it can be a way to ID fossils in the field

[balmy oyster]

Me running around licking the floor in Wyoming looking for tyrannosaurus specimens

This is how they found a second labocania species btw

[plush fossil]

Is everything okay in this chat I'm concerned

[scenic flame]

Speak for yourself you salamander slimer

[stable sun]

is this even robust morph

[balmy oyster]

Robust morph is the bone that’s being licked

I’d press charges..

[queen oar]

The Fossil Lickers of the Cenozoic, we can only wonder about the reasons behind the adaptations of their respective evolution

-Some Alien Goofy Ass

[runic heart]

What we thinking?

[runic heart]

Got lips finally. Might buy this one actually, it’s really cool.

Homotherium is probably seen as a bunch of different species, likely in every episode since it was everywhere. Idc about the lions, enhydriodon is awesome, and megalania’s eyes were a mistake.

Slit pupils. No monitor lizard has them, nor is there any reason for them to be portrayed like that. According to Naish though, it was a production mistake.

Prehistoric planet still makes many mistakes. Regardless, this season is going to be much less speculative than the previous two, since we know a lot more from the Pleistocene.

[warped peak]

Chasmoparthetes is great

A gracile running focused Hyena

[queen oar]

Me when horned Tameryraptor 😔

[tough parcel]

Because every scaly raptor ever has slit pupils and it looks like a scaly raptor

[open compass]

It’s not about hate, it’s about accuracy

Hope prehistoric planet are gonna fix that issue

[astral spindle]

Why is No one talking abt Elasmotherium?

[open compass]

What's wrong with it

[astral spindle]

It had a big dome, blood vessels below it and one specimen has a puncture wound on the shoulder.

Yet it's horn gets done dirty🥀

[tough parcel]

Because it could be sexually dimorphic thus indicating...?

Also Naish said they're too far past the point of no return to fix it under that tweet

[queen oar]

Yeah, the episodes are already like done, so they can't really fix it. Maybe if they plan to sell it in the future??? But I don't know?

[open compass]

They are but it depends where, can you imagine a cow with these eyes

[runic heart]

Giant versions of today’s species are only unusual by our standards because we killed them all.

[ionic crescent]

And they were tasty

[runic heart]

Horn was too small to be visible when covered in skin right?

[runic heart]

Damn. Well aside from that, it looks awesome. So sad it couldn’t be perfect… 😭

[queen oar]

Less due to that. The bony structure itself is big, but the " Horn Texture " on the nasal is something already known from other Carcharodontosaurines, this is due to there potentially being a extensive keratin sheath in life, where contact to the bone made it " Stretch ". In Tameryraptor, it's just the more noticeable one... Probably because it's a individual with a extreme condition

[runic heart]

So this pnso model here could represent one individual.

[queen oar]

Certainly.

[runic heart]

Alright that makes it a little better. What if it’s sexual dimorphism? That’d be really cool.

[tough parcel]

It could also be a broken nasal ridge because tmk, the actual bump isn't that large

[queen oar]

I'm leaning more to it's something that happened during development, probably being too stimulated and then idk, potentially it had a very big keratin soft tissue structure over the face. Because this is already visible in Meraxes, for example. There's also Giga, Mapu and Carcha ( at least so far for these with preserved Nasals )

They are just more on the average expected size, instead of the extreme size seen in Tameryraptor

[runic heart]

But what are the chances we found one individual with the abnormal growth? Certainly not 0 I guess.

[tough parcel]

What is this, Meraxes?

[queen oar]

I mean, considering we already got lucky with finding extreme individuals of other genera and species. It was expected that some point we would've found a extreme individual of a Carcharodontosaur genera

[tough parcel]

Not 0 but the chances are near impossible

So assuming it's a species-wide trait is smarter

[runic heart]

So it’s probably a common phenomenon in this genus anyways.

[tough parcel]

Well yea

[queen oar]

Wouldn't lean into that alternative, but sure

[craggy trench]

the solution is to study the material hands on
wait-

[tough parcel]

It could also just not be as present as most draw it to be

Stromer makes it very small in his description of the material

[tough parcel]

You wouldn't lean into the most plausible scenario 🥀 ?

[craggy trench]

ye there are many valid interpretations at this current time
and though some people use bad science or make things up and choose to go down that route cant very well stop them
thus is the world of paleo
in summary tammy is very cool

[runic heart]

In summary, this figure is awesome and I’ll be getting it.

[craggy trench]

mhm mhm

[tough parcel]

It's not wrong but it's not the only interpretation, yea

[queen oar]

I just wouldn't say it's plausible. Simple as

It's a extremely larger structure already seen in other close relatives, and it also doesn't seem like the animal has any unique reasons or adaptations to have suddenly changed that, or charged it to the maximum... So, it's just a Indiviudal with a extreme condition for me.

[tough parcel]

I mean I literally posted the material right here showing the horn is not that big

[runic heart]

Right, but the chances we found the condition as being rare is low. Because we found it, it’s probably not uncommon in the genus.

[tough parcel]

Fossilization is already an incredibly rare event in the first place

So what you're saying is this incredibly rare individual happened to survive the incredibly rare fossilization process instead of the countless other individuals without this trait

[jagged trellis]

it'd be like me falling into a bog

[runic heart]

Same reason that we have more extinct genus’s than species.

[queen oar]

Boy, do I love to use Illustrations subjective to potential partial misinterpretation of the material. Sure, it's not as big here either... But, it's also not that small as compared to the others.

[craggy trench]

why is the emote called arifrier asdf

[tough parcel]

The illustration is literally all we have for a lateral view 🥀

The photo you showed is larger but it also seems other traits of the nasal are larger (you can see the bumps behind it are larger in the photo than the illustration from Stromer)

So I partially wonder if other larger bumps were broken off during preservation because the front of the nasal looks incredibly smooth compared to the back half

[green helm]

wait what crocodilian caused sarcosuchus to get nerfed?

[queen oar]

Tbh, compared to Tyrannosaur nasals, Carcharodontosaurinae nasals aren't that rugose, they are mostly smooth, with the exception of the " Hornlets " that appear here and there. ( C. saharicus )

[fossil ingot]

None??
Sarco description is just horrible
So we based its closest relative, Terminonaris

[green helm]

oh yeah this guy

[fossil ingot]

The Goat yeah