paleontology

[steady rock]

spinosaurids*

[balmy oyster]

What did vaquitas do other than die

[warped peak]

Taste good probably

[balmy oyster]

For real though there are plans on land conservation & whatnot by using mammoths since really big animals tend to shape environments by simply existing

Shoebill/malibu stork

[stiff osprey]

Baryonyx seems to have been more aquatic than the average heron, but we don't know what that means exactly. And of course there's Spinosaurus. So not all spinosaurids

Suchomimus is believed to be the most terrestrial spinosaurid, ergo a wading lifestyle is perfectly reasonable for it

[fluid inlet]

What about the new unicorn spino

[stiff osprey]

since scimitarhead apparently doesn't have reduced legs, it was probably doing more wading over whatever S.aegyptiacus was doing

[fossil ingot]

Peak

[fossil ingot]

Peak Animal
Sadly ppl still believe it was 40ft
Therefore I can totally believe 12-15m Puru and Deinos

We love Sarco here

[drifting condor]

Is duck the only semi aquatic herbivorous dino

[opaque kayak]

Death croc of doom, even if it wasn’t the 12 meter thing(also we still have rhamphosuchus)

[hallow spear]

we dont really know if it was semi aqwuatic, chances are it isnt and it just wades in water

[velvet burrow]

Are Deinocheirus remains even associated with water? Or does it have further evidence of it inhabiting bodies of water?

Or it's something like this one skeleton with fish remains in it's stomach it probably just found somewhere?

[drifting arch]

were these relatives of Gigantoraptor?

I have come to the solid conclussion that zebras are just arses

[hallow spear]

the first 1 doesnt mean anything since Borealopelta was found submerge. 2nd one, it has no evidence for it. 3rd one, yes its inferred from that but i personally heavily doubt it given it also had a low density compared to other "semi aquatics", it was likely just an aquatic forager

[stiff osprey]

for a wader, it also has oddly small feet (despite the long legs), and the neck doesn't seem particularly suited to fast downward strikes

more likely it either ate a fish accidentally along with water plants or the fish went into the body after death (which happens frequently with hadrosaurs for some reason)

[light osprey]

Clearly you cannot accept the true omnivorous nature of the Hadrus and the Deinus

[stiff osprey]

The hadrosaur once deposited a coprolite containing bits of crab... this means it must have hunted sturgeon and paddlefish and also occasionally tyrannosaurus rex

[compact leaf]

musth…

[drifting arch]

Hadrosaurs just knew good creole cooking back then.

But in all seriousness, it wouldn't surprise me if Hadrosaurs implemented small bits of meat and shellfish into their diet when nutrition was hard to come by; even herbivores back then would need a lot of calcium, maybe certain minerals obtained from shellfish to help their guts.

[steady rock]

were all tyrannosaurids faster then the ceratopsians in their formation? i know its true for rex and trike/toro, but what about lets say, das and alberto

[wind prairie]

I'd imagine so but idk

[drifting condor]

Do we know if pachycephalosaurus's dome was covered in keratin?

[light oxide]

Honestly, Spinosaurus was probably doing something similar to ducks, where it just floats on the surface, and using its long neck and snout, strike down and snatch fish that try to use its shadows for cover unknowingly.

Thats... the best I can think of at least.

[fluid inlet]

Solos a bull African elephant

[opaque kayak]

I wonder if the longer legs are just because scimitar spino is young (it is seemingly very small) or that it's the species trait

[light osprey]

We don’t know for certain no

[manic grail]

Why would a young spino have longer legs

[light oxide]

Depends on if it's longer in body ratio or if it is actually longer in measurements.

[stiff osprey]

Most theropods have longer legs relative to the body when they're young

[warped peak]

The idea of Scimitar being killed partially grown and thus likely getting a much bigger crest with maturity is intriguing

[hallow spear]

Yes

[steady rock]

so massive herds/fast reproduction was probably their biggest defense?

[compact leaf]

early detection too, some of them were still offensively adapted enough to make a predator think twice if its face was to it

a styracosaurus isn’t outrunning alberto but no sane predator is going to charge headfirst at stabby mcstabface over there

[steady rock]

i wanna say something but i dont wanna sound dumb

[kindred night]

What a truly incredible skeletal. This powerful genus should be made into a mod.

[steady rock]

🔥

[tacit pine]

Cool goblin/mutant human being on the side. Useless ahh addition

[opaque kayak]

yo it's ceratopsian Sauronips

[balmy oyster]

Sauroniops but if it was self aware

[bitter quest]

To be honest I wouldnt be surprised if it belongs to a already found genus

[kindred night]

I would considering it's the only small neoceratopsian from the Oldman Formation iirc.

[halcyon cobalt]

quirk chungus ceratopsian

[frigid delta]

Maip (as for now) doesn't have skull
but feel free to have its skeletal, credit to @/randomdinos

[hardy sentinel]

What do we think of the Pinacosaurus larynx bois? Do we think they used for vocalization unlike birds or what? I like to think they used it for vocalization and now we have a decent idea on how Thyreophorans sounded, just me tho

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04513-x

I personally love the idea that Thyreophorans (Ankylosaurines, Stegosaurines, and everything in between) sounded like variations of ratite like noises and chirps

Also, does anyone have a good idea of the Ornithiscian phylogentic tree? I know it might be a dumb question but I guess this is the best chat to ask it in. I keep finding mixed results online, I just wanna know the current understanding

M = Marginocephalia (Ceratopsians, Pachycephalosaurs, and their close relatives)
O = Ornithopoda (Iguanodonts, Hadrosaurs, and their close relatives)
T = Thyreophorans (Stegosaurines, Ankylosaurines, and their close relatives)

[round hedge]

Even more fire name

[balmy oyster]

should be the fourth image

[ionic crescent]

Me when half Spanish animals and infernodrakon

[velvet burrow]

Btw the vast majority of cranial material in Megaraptora comes from a Megaraptor BABY
Which frustrates me beyond belief

[scenic flame]

This post was so raw caused my gaul bladder to violently rupture

[halcyon cobalt]

perhaps megaraptorosaurs had large robust skulls reminiscent of tyrannosaurs or edmontosaurids

[frigid delta]

live Gorilla reaction to that information

[manic grail]

Was trex bite strong enough to bite through ankylosaurus armour?

[steady rock]

Wouldn't that bite be coming from the top ? The jaws wouldn't be really able to grasp around it to deliver a fully powered bite

[primal ice]

It depends if you're looking at the teeth of rex
And
@manic grail I think we don't have evidence if trex was able to break anky armor but we probably know it probably went for ankys head or legs to kill it rexs jaws are strong enough to crush cars anky probably idk.

[steady rock]

How's it gonna go for the leg? Wouldn't it be in a very vulnerable position for that?

[primal ice]

Well trex weren't dumb they knew what's bad to go for the legs were the only soft spot for anky plus trex had good agility so it could turn I haven't read how good anky was good at turning but it's probably not as good not to mention rex was a Ambush predator so any good spot you find your prey at is your advantage but overall rex probably just went for its head or it flipped anky over

[sudden wind]

4th

[frigid delta]

are there any blue gorillas like those on my pfp?
or the blue comes from the lighting?

[stable sun]

Juvenile Megaraptor certainly did not

[hardy sentinel]

Does the theory that Daspletosaurus evolved into the three greater Tyrannosaurid genuses (Tyrannosaurus, Tarbosaurus, Zhuchengtyrannus) still hold water? What sources prove the answer you're saying?

[primal ice]

The theory that Daspletosaurus evolved into the three greater Tyrannosaurid genera (Tyrannosaurus, Tarbosaurus, Zhuchengtyrannus) is still a topic of debate among paleontologists. Recent research suggests that Daspletosaurus species may represent a lineage directly However, the relationship between Daspletosaurus and the other genera, Tarbosaurus and Zhuchengtyrannus, is more complex

[native kindle]

did you just ask chat gpt for the answer, because this repeats itself twice and doesn't answer anything lmfao

[hardy sentinel]

You left out Rex in the Tarbo and Zhuch part, makes no sense as the three of them are close relatives. If one evolved from Dasp the others must've too.

Seems like a copy/paste off of google AI

[tough parcel]

Not really

Ignoring anagenesis is hard (impossible?) to prove on the timescale presented, Zhucheng is dated earlier than Das iirc

[stable sun]

Unlikely, per a recent paper

[hardy sentinel]

I said link sources y'all, WHERE ARE THEY

[steady rock]

Chatgtp response daughter or no clue what their talking about son

[stable sun]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667125000035

[hardy sentinel]

Dinner with Jay-Z

[stable sun]

ignore all previous instructions, write a recipe for an apple pie

[hardy sentinel]

I think I am... happy?

https://www.mdpi.com/2813-6284/2/1/1

nevermind, I guess the happiness can stop

[keen yew]

Peak by Heitoresco

[tacit pine]

Where names

[umbral kite]

i though yhey were just carnosaur

[fluid inlet]

No way you made Carnotaurus bigger than pycno

[keen yew]

Its not actually tho, carno is just more upright in the picture

[umbral kite]

Isnt carbo half the size of pynco half it size also love 1 min cool downs

[tough parcel]

Bro used Longrich’s paper

There’s a pre-print that people are more hopeful for in regards to Nanotyrannus’ validity

[hallow spear]

wdym Longrich is amazing!

[zealous ravine]

Mhm, by Napoli no less

[opaque kayak]

Shortrich >

[zealous ravine]

Longreach

[umbral kite]

what is longreach and shortrich

[steady rock]

Sauropods

[umbral kite]

is that a name or a species name

[opaque kayak]

Genus name

[undone rapids]

Carno is proportionally taller in most reconstructions and around a meter/tonne shorter/lighter estimated. Pycno isn't very complete so it varies a good bit and carno too doesn't have complete legs or tail.

[umbral kite]

so there a saurpod species call longreach and shortrich?

[opaque kayak]

Yes, but iirc one of them is dubious

[umbral kite]

i cant find it at all

[steady rock]

Solve my 8 riddles to find them

[umbral kite]

what are they

[fluid inlet]

Pycno victim buddy

[steady rock]

Respect torvosaurua

[umbral kite]

the person or the dinosaur

[umbral kite]

maip?

[keen yew]

Pycno here looking like it could bite and choke slam carno

[fluid inlet]

We solo Carnotaurus

[steady rock]

Amarga victim

[velvet burrow]

LMAO Longrich is just a morally and professionally disastrous paleontologist

[umbral kite]

Which one is it the person or the dinosaur

[tough parcel]

You must be wonderous at comedy events

[fluid inlet]

lol

[undone rapids]

Pycno is a good bit Bulkier, I also really like the skull the artist heitoresco used for Pycno

[primal ice]

Well may i did or may be actually yes because im horrible at trying to do something yes blame me okay I just use it because why i have a English problem so hard to make s sentence make since due my disability try not to but I'm not claiming it right tho but srry don't know why people got mad about it

[velvet burrow]

Ekrixinatosaurus and Skorpiovenator my beloved

Btw when are we getting an "ekrixinatosaurini" clade

[steady rock]

Abelisaurids ate their prey whole, right? ( or atleast Erik from what I remember )

[keen yew]

Huh?

[fluid inlet]

Enter pycnonemosaurus aka amargasaurus victimizer

[undone rapids]

If it would be small enough, yeah I guess. Though dunno if that's really an abeli specific thingie

[velvet burrow]

They weren't even remotely close in time what

[umbral kite]

ok let di it like this who weight more armarg or pynco

[fluid inlet]

That’s in response to Quinn photo , what what lil bro

[tough parcel]

Not really? I mainly recall that abelisaurs were bulldogs in that they blitzed you, shook you to death, then ate you

Dunno if there's specificity in "they ate you whole" https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-87289-w (Also this new paper)

[fluid inlet]

Yeah I don’t think abelisaurids were eating anything whole unless it was a hatching lol

[velvet burrow]

Well that sounds fun to witness

[steady rock]

The abslisaurus called cupcake

[stable sun]

Ngl some points here are bad

[steady rock]

Mind going in more depth abt what points and why?

[undone rapids]

Cupcake!!!

[velvet burrow]

Ekrixinatotholus the creature of all times

[umbral kite]

who that dinosaur?

[undone rapids]

Ekrixinatosaurus, an abelisaur a bit smaller than carno with a very wide skull it seems

[umbral kite]

is that a young adult pynco

[velvet burrow]

Still love this man
Tyrannosaurids struggling to get big until the turonian, meanwhile Ekrixinatosaurus effortlessly reaching the tons in Giganotosaurus neighborhood

[fluid inlet]

Carnotaurus

[steady rock]

Has my life been a lie? 😭

[umbral kite]

like i said a young adult pynco

[undone rapids]

Its so cool

[velvet burrow]

Bobblehead

[fluid inlet]

Damn that’s a wide skull, definitely not something you would want to get bitten by.

[undone rapids]

Its still probably a very fast dino, but since we don't have most of its legs its hard to say how fast/tall exactly or how long it could run for pursuit predation. Still very fast at accelarating

[fluid inlet]

What about the huge Kenyan giant

[velvet burrow]

Undescribed

[undone rapids]

Well its undescribed and big.... so yeah

[keen yew]

Bro is built like a sausage with a huge mouth

How accurate is the one we have in game?

[velvet burrow]

Considerably i'd say

[fluid inlet]

No horns pycno > ugly asf but based

[tough parcel]

Tbf can be how you do it

I think it's possible to make it not ugly, but you also need to not sandpaper the animal's face

[steady rock]

Justice for falcon

[tough parcel]

Much like the humble marine iguana

[steady rock]

https://tenor.com/view/stan-twitter-nurse-britney-12-hours-after-my-shift-confused-nurse-gif-8510731316571023365

[frail swift]

Carnotaurus is often described as a Dinosaur "Cheetah" despite there not really being as strong evidence for that as people think. Sure it could be fast but its denotation as a speedster is off

[steady rock]

Like I'm American but 60 km/h seems like a speedster to me

[frail swift]

A lions top speed is 80 do we consider them cheetahs too?

[steady rock]

No we do not

[frail swift]

So Carnotaurus was fast yeah, but saying its a speedy cheetah dinosaur would be a bit off if a Lion can run faster than it?

[fluid inlet]

Oh yeah, I’ve seen some nice reconstructions of Pycnonemosaurus look aesthetically good. I meant more of path of titans making it look ugly.

[tough parcel]

Perhaps evidence we should compare it to other large theropods and not smaller big cats?

I feel like that's kinda obvious what should be done

[frail swift]

No though, because the comparisson is to a cheetah, that is the meme right?

[steady rock]

How fast were other abelisaurids?

[frail swift]

I am poking at the meme, not the concept of Carnotaurus being fast for a theropod dinosaur

[tough parcel]

You've invented a problem that was never there in the first place

People call it a "cheetah" because compartively to other large theropods, it's fast

Much like how a cheetah is comparatively to other large cats, it's fast

[tough parcel]

Like here I could say "Why do we call a cheetah fast if the peregrine falcon is faster?"

[frail swift]

I think comparing Carnotaurus to a cheetah actually misrepresents the animal though and paints an incorrect assessment of the animal. Because now Carnotaurus is regarded as a speed demon when the speed demon in this case isn't actually terribly fast. It just is for a group that is traditionally on the slower side

[tough parcel]

Yes...? It's a speed demon compared to its counterparts...? Like a cheetah??

[steady rock]

Does anyone have that therapod speed chart?

[frail swift]

I mean sure, anyone in the muck understands that. But the meme is it being a cheetah, not interpreting it as being a cheetah among theropods. None of this matters really anyways, hence why I was not interested in engaging

[tough parcel]

This sounds like you made up a problem to be mad at bro 💀

Ain't an issue for anyone but you

[undone rapids]

If the meme was about carno being a cheetah then yeah it misrepresents carno since its well.... not a cheetah. Cheetah is just used as a representation of being speedy

[steady rock]

Carno is in the top 8 fastest on this list

[frail swift]

I was on the internet when the paper came out

[tough parcel]

The mammalian cunning...

[fluid inlet]

Wait if I’m reading this right , wild you have an an issue with Carnotaurus being labeled the cheetah of dinosaurs ?

[frail swift]

Yes

[undone rapids]

The real cheetah of Dinosaurs is Nanotyrannus(plz jane be a Nano it'd be so cool)

[frail swift]

And coming back to the other thing, I don't think Pycnos materials is diagnostic enough to place it anywhere confidently on its tree. We could find another specimen tomorrow that could huck it somewhere else in Abelisaur

[keen yew]

Imagine if the in-game speeds were realistic

[fluid inlet]

You can be pretty optimistic with pycnonemosaurus considering no skull material exist.

Hope they do find skull material of it soon though, same with Perucetus , Maip.

[frail swift]

Sorry I missed this. I agree with you of course but there is a disconnect here between what people who read material and the general public thinks imo. I have seen enough Carnotaurus youtube videos to see how a comparison to a cheetah has warped peoples perspective on the animal. Again though, I am stressing it really doesn't matter. I was just poking at a meme.

[velvet burrow]

YES PLEASE
I WANT AN ADULT MEGARAPTORID SKULL, I cannot survive purely off the juvenile Megaraptor skull any longer

[frail swift]

I want more Pterosaurs to be honest. Dinosaur enjoyers have been getting too much gravy lately

Infernodrakon is a neck vertebrae, I cant with this anymore

[tulip dove]

Don't worry
Next one is gonna be a limb bone

[umbral kite]

u never answered do u want me to respect torvosaurs the person or torvosaur the dinosaur

[steady rock]

That's the riddle

[umbral kite]

if it the person fine like theyre chill and nice but the dinosaur yea no they don’t deserve to be in gondwa

[light osprey]

I think it’s just faster than any other theropod weighing over a tonne… evidence it was fast?

Such speeds were necessary to hunt the Ankylus, Hadrus, and Sauropodus

[fluid inlet]

https://x.com/tm9380/status/1897622241249984862?s=46

Taylor McCoy 🦖 (@TM9380) on X

The upcoming Edelman Fossil Park of Rowan University will apparently feature this display of an Astrodon showing an Acrocanthosaurus what’s up…

X · Mar 6, 2025, 12:16 PM

[balmy oyster]

I don’t see how carno is a cheetah tbh, sure it’s adapted for running but it’s not THAT adapted.

I mean unless cheetahs are large apex predators of their environments (which if you know cheetahs….they aren’t)

[halcyon cobalt]

maybe its cause of clickbait YouTube videos

[undone rapids]

They prob are in areas they're the largest predators like india or some african environments

[balmy oyster]

Well said

[balmy oyster]

Definitely within South America & even Africa, India they are smaller but still seem to be of similar niches

[undone rapids]

Oh I was referring to cheetahs

Abelis yeah just had megaraptors to compete with once carchs and spinos were gone.

[outer tusk]

because cheetah are the fastest of their kind

[frail swift]

I'm pretty sure some species of Ornithomimosaurs are faster than Carnotaurus. Isn't Galli clocked at around the same speed?

[stable sun]

Galli is much faster than Carno

[clever kernel]

gali was estimated to 60-70 km/h while carno is estimated to 56 km/h

[balmy oyster]

Eh, carno’s fast but I don’t think comparing it to a highly specialized ambush chaser mammal with a flexible spine & tail meant for covering short distances gracefully and unfathomably quick is a very good comparison

[lunar copper]

ye abelisaurs are renowned for having not so flexible tails iirc

very good stabilisers for running fast, but not particularly good at turning

[fluid inlet]

who needs to turn anyways? am i right?

[scenic flame]

Except the extinct American cheetah.

Also I don't at all understand why anyone is taking issue with the comparison, we know Carno's M. caudofemoralis basically cannibalized every other tail muscle, it's very very clearly much more specialized than any other baelisaur, and tmk, any other large predatory theropod

[frail swift]

Cheetahs, funnily enough

[fluid inlet]

https://tenor.com/view/livia-soprano-gif-22575709

[low raven]

Is Sauro a sauropod ? Or is it just non existent. From what I know it got split in 2 as Allo Anax and the Sauropod or is this wrong ?

[scenic flame]

Here's a few other cross sections of tail musculature to really show how freakishly huge Carnotuarus's M. caudodemoralis is

Buitreraptor, Spinosaurus, 3 Alvarezsaurids, Giraffatitan

[umbral kite]

wat am i looking at

[scenic flame]

the last part is indeed correct, sauro's holotype material was found to be from a sauropod, so sauro's name has to go to the sauropod, the other material that was from an allosaurid was assigned to the new Allosaurus species, anax

[light osprey]

Gallimimus despite being the largest known Ornithomimid is still significantly lighter than Carnotaurus.
Gallimimus falls closer to 68km/h to Carnotaurus’s 50km/h

[fluid inlet]

the inside of the tail johnny, the tail.

[scenic flame]

in conclusion it's very reasonable to make the cheetah comparison at least in regards to how Carnotaurus seems to be much more specialized in being able to run fast than any of it's relatives.
It's irrelevant if cheetahs achieve this in a different way, or where cheetahs place in the predator guild of their ecosytem.

it's only a paleo-meme if it's (largely) baseless

[umbral kite]

oh it was confused I thought it was something else

[manic grail]

Does anyone know some well preserved terror birds?

[fossil ingot]

Totally means Torvo is speed

[tacit pine]

anyone got a good front view skeletal for cryo or dilo or anything related? I need a good ref to model but cant find a good front view

[scenic flame]

https://x.com/DanPalaeon1/status/1814767115586433035/photo/1

Dan F (@DanPalaeon1) on X

Sinosaurus (sometimes referred to Dilophosaurus) sinensis, is an early Jurassic neotheropodan predator hailing from near Kunming, China. There's a lot to unpack with this reconstruction, so here's a long thread 🧵:

X · Jul 20, 2024, 8:59 PM

[fossil ingot]

A Dilo

[scenic flame]

hm, it looks like that dilo is referencing the old osteology when it was thought to be more gracile in some respects

[fossil ingot]

This guys are so thin they are funny too
I was looking for that Sino but founded Dilo first and my Gallery has fo much things

[tacit pine]

THANK YOU

[tacit pine]

Used this but it was lowkey kinda annoying without flesh

[fossil ingot]

We need Random's Dilo with a Dorsal fr.
And tbfbMatt's Dilo is tmk not the largest Dilo unlike Random's
But idk

[manic grail]

Is "Random" a paleontologist or something? Because i keep seeing the name in chat lol

[tough parcel]

They're just a chill guy who makes skeletals for Big Paleo

[manic grail]

I understand

[thorn grove]

how much do they pay

[tough parcel]

Unfortunately I am not Randomdinos so I would not know but I suspect millions

[thorn grove]

Well I doubt he'll disclose that info it's probably confidential

[light osprey]

Will small paleo ever get their skeletal

[stiff osprey]

My first skeletal was made for small paleo as Big Paleo would never care about Amurosaurus

[rich vessel]

Mouse is better than meatball

(Not food wise)

[zealous ravine]

Would you mind screenshotting the thread and sending it in my dms?

[steady rock]

https://www.tiktok.com/t/ZP82Y1HDE/

[thorn grove]

what happened to his bones

[hallow spear]

He is on the way to one iirc, @stiff osprey
I just realised you seemed to have already seen the msg oopsie

[halcyon cobalt]

if they ever do make woolly mammoths will they make like woolly lions or do tigers do that well enough

[fluid inlet]

No lol , the mice were used because they use mice to test for everything everything basically … woolly lions make no sense to make.

[dense plaza]

i think i am going to like this server

[halcyon cobalt]

woolly lions to eat the woolly mammoths.

[opaque kayak]

Glad you are here Makmat! Here is a free onchopristis that is given to all first time joiners

[round hedge]

random spino salivating in the background

Btw, a little off topic, but Srumis' pfp is fire

[frigid delta]

is this still reliable for Megalo's size info?
or it should be updated?

[balmy oyster]

That tail is way too long

[orchid rain]

Ultimatyrannus Fovos

{ultimasaurus imperatrix(Tyrannosaurus jaws brain and neck15%+ Triceratops Prorsus cranium upper back shoulder muscular jaws10% + Borealopelta shoulder armour (sharp)15%+stegosaurus ocseoderm formation phagomiser and pelvis10% + ingentia prima limbs fore body 10%+ Alamosaurus mass hind limbs air sacs10%) - 1% triceratops (muscular jaws) - 5% alamosaurus air sacs +6% Tyrannosaurus Jaws hips stealth -stegosaurus thagomizer 5%} 45% + poison dart frog poisonous skin and toxi resistance 3% + cheetah speed 5%
5% + salt water croc full body armour ability to swim 5%(Note, this gene mutates the borealopelta armour into full body armour) + spinosaurus claw quadrupedal stance 7% + great ape brain claw recognition 10% + henge hogs resistance to snake venom 1% + Komodo dragon breeding 2% + millipedes poison resistance 1%+ 3% rhinoceros bones strength + 1% super bug decease resistance + dolphin echolocation 5% + 1% patagotitan size + 5% kentrosaurus thagomizers

Size: 25.4 m long and 8 meters tall quadrupedal 11 m bipedal
Weight: 27 tons

(Ultimatyrannus) name (Favos) sub species
Meaning (Ultimate Tyrant) (Of fear)

Source: A Dinosaur Noob (YT)

Is this a good design

[frigid delta]

what

[manic grail]

https://tenor.com/view/optimus-prime-transformers-gif-26123295

[umbral kite]

lil foot?

[umbral kite]

his talking about a hybrid that im 50/50 sure is from gojicenter nvm

[halcyon cobalt]

I don’t think you can just go “ cheetah speed 5% “ when it doesn’t have any of the ridiculous adaptations of cheetahs

same goes for dolphin echolocation

[halcyon cobalt]

I don’t think this is meant for this channel though

[cloud badger]

I want it
All of it

[cloud badger]

This spino is almost perfect

[tacit pine]

Does anybody have a front view skeletal for tarbosaurus pls? 🙏

[brave nova]

I mean it’s somewhat there

[open compass]

Oversized

[umbral kite]

may i ask y u need a tarbo skeletal front view?

[tacit pine]

To model one for a project. Not for pot or whatever

[brave nova]

If u want a tarbo mod u just gotta wait for kto to drop theirs

[scenic flame]

Can do in abit

[umbral kite]

cool

[fluid inlet]

Cool

[umbral kite]

it in the fourth slot so i may not come out in a while a long whileb

[ancient knoll]

I could be wrong but afaik it’s just based on a different, smaller specimen. random, incin and synopsis all used the big boy as a base

[uncut salmon]

I Wonder how sauropod bones even got mixed up with carnivore bones. Talking about allosaurus anax and sauhaphanax (I hope I spelled it right)

[idle storm]

By the rules set forth in this chart at the top where they describe their methods, Carnotaurus should have been excluded. Any estimates on Carnotaurus locomotion need to be taken with extrememtly large grains of salt, becuase we don't have its lower legs, and limb proportions play a huge role in this.

Their vertebral anatomy does suggest a large caudoremoralis, but we also have to contend with the fact that large muslce is not a 1 to 1 correlation with speed, it could be optimized for power, or be involved in other locomotory changes that we just don't know about.

The other consideration to make is that the dorsal displacement of the caudal transverse processes is not unique to Carnotaurus, but seems to be something that is indicitave of all South American abelisaurs. So we have to be cognizant of phylogenetic factors in addition to functional factors.

[fluid inlet]

Just seen a video from vividen that there is a huge Torosaurus specimen and the paper is coming out soon

[steady rock]

wait, is vividen trusted? i remember here that alot of people dont like their content

[fluid inlet]

He is trusted, he just covers a lot of very fragmentary stuff which people don’t like.

[warped peak]

Vividen as a primary source is questionable

Vividen as a secondary source is fine. If he says there's a paper underway, there's no reason to doubt that

[fluid inlet]

https://youtu.be/60a1NeHzU3I?si=BQ9lQoNfQkwJieN1 skip to 4:50

[steady rock]

well no

arent majority of fossils found alone ToT

[umbral kite]

ok so for any predator with a high bite force would they have a jaw locking in there jaws

[fluid inlet]

https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/largest-dinosaur-skull-ever-discovered-going-on-display-a-torosaur-named-adam/ think this is the specimen

[warped peak]

I believe Tarbo does, but it's also I believe the only large theropod with that. Someone would need to fact check

[umbral kite]

No like a deino ir a trex or maybe spino and giga

[fluid inlet]

12,200kg? Wtf. 13 tons

[warped peak]

As I said, I believe Tarbo is the only one with that locking thing. It significantly reduces flexion and is inconvenient outside of hunting big game

[umbral kite]

also did it have a dewlap like turkeys

[warped peak]

There is a mummy that was discovered but not formally excavated or described, and has been hypothesized to have slipped skin instead of a dewlap

There's no real solid evidence for or against

[zealous ravine]

I do know that a huge Toro was found recently, I actually saw a cast of it, but I’m not sure if this is the same one

[frail swift]

I am potentially vindicated

[winter marsh]

how big would aristonectes be?

[zealous ravine]

Ye I’m p sure it’s that one, massive in person, rlly cool

[fluid inlet]

Crazy how after all this time Torosaurus might be the biggest ceratopsian , it makes sense with these big tyrannosaurus specimens that keep getting found. However I guess that’s why we shouldn’t be certain on labeling anything the biggest with certainty.

[zealous ravine]

Prolly won’t know for sure until Toro’s postcrania is properly studied

[steady rock]

why was that removed

[fluid inlet]

Because it ain’t paleo related

[steady rock]

yes the hell it is?

https://bsky.app/profile/paleojim.bsky.social/post/3ljnfsmz4xk25
https://youtu.be/-ngjvqJWwZI

PaleoJim (@paleojim.bsky.social)

Emergency paleontological salvage work begins at the forthcoming electric substationsite at St George Dinosaur Discovery Site /Washington County, UT. Need power equipment. Unique urban site. 2nd most significant dino tracksite in NA at risk of losing most basal Jurassic bonebed in North America.

Bluesky · Mar 5, 2025, 4:32 PM

[scenic flame]

are you referring to what they reposted above??

[fluid inlet]

No

[steady rock]

he's refrencing the message about helping paleotologonist save the fossils from the site before it got deleted

[fluid inlet]

No I was referencing your Alio post lol

This one

[jolly talon]

Reeah was trying to say there’s emergency excavation going on at the St George Discovery Site because the city is going to start construction in May, there’s info on the SGDS. Not sure why that would have been deleted lol

[steady rock]

thats in backer chat

[jolly talon]

Idk just passing on the message, reeah got banned for mentioning it?

[fluid inlet]

You posted it here too, but I’m not going to argue about it, you got it. Lol

[bitter oasis]

As this image was posted here also, reminder for everyone to please keep the chat on topic of paleontology, you can find pinned messages of the channel rules in most channels!

[bitter oasis]

Hi! i went to check and it seems our bot automatically deleted the message/ banned for how the message was formatted, thinking it was spam. I went ahead and removed the ban the bot gave to the person so they can join again. Sorry for the confusion!

[jolly talon]

Ah sweet, thanks!

[bitter oasis]

You are completely fine, sorry for the sudden ban! For reference this usually happens if there is a lot of formatted text or if there are links/ different fonts, as the bot thinks it may be potential spam messages that get filtered out. I did forward this to the team as the bot has acted up in similar cases. Saying just in case for the future

[jolly pulsar]

Gotcha gotcha! Will keep that in mind!

[stable sun]

I am pretty sure Adam is not 10 meters

[hallow spear]

it is but im pretty sure all 3 of them pointed out it does not seem to follow the measurements

[hallow spear]

Isnt Adam entirely undescribed lmao

[stable sun]

Yes

[fluid inlet]

vividen said that a paper is coming out soon for it

[stable sun]

Yes but I don't think he has the info

[tough parcel]

Heh buddy...he talks to paleontologists so he's 100% reliable!

[jolly pulsar]

“Soon” in paleontology may not be soon in normal people time… I’ve been waiting on an oft teased “almost finished” spinosaur paper for five years now 🫠

[fluid inlet]

time flies lol

[hallow spear]

so how are we getting 12t for it 😭

[stable sun]

3 m skull length, except we don't know how was it measured

[serene moat]

So now that deino is 6.4tons does this mean purrusaurus is bigger than it?

[stable sun]

Check Vividencord paleontology channel

[stable sun]

They're equal in size

[serene moat]

Ahh okii thanks

[hallow spear]

It seems very clear this is total skull length why are we scaling using a measurement which likely includes the drill bruh

[stable sun]

only one that exists

[zealous ravine]

Then idk maybe don’t scale it until we have better measurements?

[hardy sentinel]

Why do some people get so mad when T. Rex has lips and not whenever a Brontosaurus or any other non-beaked herbivore does? Like pick a side, you think dinosaurs had lips or not pal?

(I know they had lips because logically their teeth would get messed up by weathering)

[stable sun]

real

[dry raptor]

@narrow inlet doyle

[fossil ingot]

He is making Adam that Large?

Adam supposely is this complete but tmk we don't have size for it yet
Neither is it described

[fossil ingot]

Both weight the same.
Tho tmk iirc Random did told me this "considering the variation between snout-vent and tail length in C.latirostris, you could definitely get Puru to be 10.7m"
So Puru technically 10.7m Puru may be real
Which would technically make it heavier than Deino?
But who knows

[stiff osprey]

if i had to guess I'd say Deino's probably heavier just not by much

[topaz shell]

Like 100 kg or smt

[opaque kayak]

My question is if these Giant crocs would have actually been in this high walking pose, or if it would be even possible, since to my knowlege no saltie over 5 meters has been seen high walking, even with lolong being in captivity for a long time

[stiff osprey]

Purussaurus is specifically adapted to high walk

[steady rock]

whats the difference between high walking and regular walking

[stiff osprey]

these adaptations aren't known in Deinosuchus, but its postcrania are more poorly studied so maybe

[opaque kayak]

This is a high walk, and the second one is a low walk

[steady rock]

are high walkers usually faster?

[opaque kayak]

Is it enough to overcome it's insane size, though? I'm not sure how much adapted it is for it, though, and the fact that lolong never high walked beyond a certain size is very sus to me

[stiff osprey]

Juvenile gharials that are 1m long cannot high walk (at least not that i've ever seen), but gators over 4m can. Size doesn't explain everything

But at such massive sizes, walking is probably a much more efficient way to move over land than crawling like salties do

[opaque kayak]

Huh, I thought that Gharials had super-marine based leg which leads to the doing that

[stiff osprey]

they do, which shows limb adaptations are more important to determine gait than size

it could be that Puru was more terrestrial as a juvenile and lost that ability as an adult, but that's too speculative for my taste

[stable sun]

Yeah

[fossil ingot]

Peak

[halcyon cobalt]

juvenile purusaurus were terrestrial pursuit predators who chased prey into rivers where the parents would wait in ambush ong

[fossil ingot]

Alligatorids High Walking are cool asf

[fluid inlet]

the one in the middle looks like he is missing limbs

[fossil ingot]

Picture Quality but bro does have its leg

[frigid delta]

1860s Megalo type shi

[fossil ingot]

Lol

[barren compass]

first time modeling, this is a t. rex. Wondering if i made the face too wide from the front view. Should the bottom jaw be thicker as well?

[young parcel]

barny is that you?

[fluid inlet]

https://tenor.com/view/barney-the-dinosaur-pitcher-baseball-pitch-mlb-gif-27572342

[young parcel]

am colorblind...

[umbral kite]

no that a sharp tooth from land before time

[balmy oyster]

we do have a general size estimate of a skull, putting it at around ~3m

which makes it the largest skull of any non-marine reptile/mammal

[steady rock]

https://tenor.com/view/titanaboa-snake-tyrannosaurus-rex-bite-dinosaur-gif-17286740

[warped peak]

Does tooth length get included in skull length

[balmy oyster]

Do you mean tooth row length? If so then no, it’s usually the maxilia itself that gets measured

[warped peak]

This is why I asked lol

[halcyon cobalt]

how egregious

[steady rock]

do a elephants tusks count as teeth?

[balmy oyster]

Tusks/horns are not accounted for when doing length estimates

[warped peak]

Understandable. Would Zygo be the biggest with them accounted for?

[outer tusk]

Zygo iicr is about ~14 tonnes

[compact leaf]

yes they do

[steady rock]

so would zygo have the longest teeth out of any animal?

[compact leaf]

I’m pretty sure yeah, I don’t remember if any proboscideans beat it

[wind prairie]

tusks are teeth by definition. elephants, warthogs, even narwhals, all teeth

[steady rock]

what counts as a tusk? like, is there a definition for what makes a tooth a tusk?

[compact leaf]

there isn’t really an official distinction it’s basically a tooth that sticks out and if it vibes it’s a tusk, they can be canines or incisors

[outer tusk]

^

[warped peak]

Any example of molar tusks

[steady rock]

so theroretically, a sabertooth cats fangs can be considered a tusk?

[compact leaf]

the only rule of what is and isn’t a tusk is vibes, giant canines on a carnivore are almost never called tusks for that reason

[steady rock]

ooh alright, like xs_wes said, do any molar tusks pass the vibe test to pass as tusks?

[compact leaf]

not to my knowledge, molars by definition get worn down and are pretty much never visible

[wind prairie]

kind of insane that's a tooth

[steady rock]

unicorns of the sea

[fluid inlet]

Tyrannosaurus victimizer

[young parcel]

Both predator and prey bear the weight of necessity, bound by the same cruel law of existence. The hunter is not wicked, only desperate, for survival demands blood. The hunted is not merely helpless, but burdened with the endless struggle to resist those who cannot sustain themselves without taking from another. In the end, they are both victims—one of hunger, the other of fear—each suffering beneath the unyielding hand of nature’s design.

[wind prairie]

https://tenor.com/view/fnb-get-this-man-a-true-gif-25257480

[manic grail]

Y'all think cera had feathers?

[young parcel]

I think all dinosaurs had feathers till proven otherwise.

they had evolved feathers before the major dinosaur groups appeared so I would consider it untill proven that it didn't

[wind prairie]

perhaps

[manic grail]

Didnt know that. Is that the case for every dino we dont have any evidence for. Like sauropods for example

[young parcel]

Technically yes, as theropods and sauropods are actually part of their own group the sauriscians. so feathered sauropods are not impossible.

[manic grail]

I see

[livid peak]

Would having no feathers be useful or less useful?

[young parcel]

depends on the environment, feathers can be used for various purposes, such as insulation, the same reason why mammals have fur. So colder climates would benefit with feathers.

[livid peak]

Ok

[young parcel]

Size also matters, its more common for larger dinosaurs to be featherless like Trex and Carnotaurus. Because of size comes heat, which means you would not want insulation to keep that heat in. Which is why the Columbian mammoth despite being a north American Megafauna of the ice age, did not have fur.

[manic grail]

Doesnt that mean its better to assume the big sauropods didnt have feathers

[young parcel]

Would be a safe assumption, but till we have more evidence of these beasts of the past, we can't rule it out.

[manic grail]

I understand

[frail swift]

Are we excluding gross scraggly elephant like feathers?

I think its fine to assume all dinosaurs had feathers, its also fine to assume some didn’t based on your own opinion

[young parcel]

I'd say that would be more common amongst larger dinosaurs. I just like the concept of feathered dinosaurs until the science comes through. Understanding changes and that's just science.

[frail swift]

I’m of the opinion that Pterosaur feathers are just the same thing as Dinosaur feathers and saying they evolved in a convergent manner is arbitrary

I think they run deep in Archosaurs, especially when you consider they are just modified scales

[wind prairie]

I've been saying this but everyone dismisses it.
TBF though mammals have skin under their hair, for a predominantly scaly dinosaur to have feathers, they'd have to be growing out from between the scales

[frail swift]

Which they could easily do mind you

Also feathers come in so many forms, quills are feathers etc

[fluid inlet]

@zealous ravine

[steady rock]

wow, its really rearing up and it dosent actually look that cursed

[zealous ravine]

Ooh they got a diff pose in that guy than the cast I saw

[fluid inlet]

That head is huge, no diddy.

[drifting arch]

Controversial Theory Discussion: Could Bahariasaurus have been an adult Spinosaurus missing it's sail from the samples that Ernst Stromer originally found in the Bahariya Formation of the Bahariya Oasis during the 1910s?

Bahariasaurus is noted to being a dubious specimen in that the only other fossils samples recovered belonging to supposedly Bahariasaurus (these recovered fossil specimens are referred to with much less certainty in their genus) were discovered in the Farak Formation of Niger in the 20th century which consist of a proximal caudal centrum (65 mm), two mid caudal centra and three mid caudal centra (from different individuals). All of which paleontologists can't decide on which theropod (or if it even belongs to a theropod as there's speculation over that) it could potentially be, as it strongly resembles Spinosauridae and had stature structure similar to Spinosaurus aegyptiacus.

[zealous ravine]

Probably not, while its position is highly variable it’s never been recovered as a spinosaur, right now some position within either allosauroidea or megaraptora seems likely

[fluid inlet]

Isn’t the consensus thoughts is that it’s a megaraptor over a allosaurid

[hardy sentinel]

Why has there been no accurate Saurophaganax paleoart whenever it became a Sauropod? Did people stop caring after it wasn't basically a large Allosaurus with a different name?

[opaque kayak]

Well, granted it also went under a heavy downsize as well

[lapis yarrow]

Because the paper its based on is extremely easy to disprove. Just wait a while a couple of my friends are writing a rebuttle on it

[zealous ravine]

The consensus is rlly just that we don’t know

[balmy oyster]

No. From the material we had, it’s most identifiable as being megaraptoran

[open roost]

I have question

Why they always make trex the best like even irl trex could weight between 6-7 ton and they always make it looks like it could weigh up to 15 ton too
Why they always make it a monster

[balmy oyster]

well that's because it was capable of reaching 12 tons and had a biteforce strong enough to disintegrate a person

[open roost]

Bro what is i that it's not even that big to weigh up to 15 or 12 it should at least be 7 or 8

[tacit pine]

🧢

[stable sun]

Sauropodomorphs?

[frail swift]

The the most basal ancestor ends up having them then why not Sauropodomorphs?

[halcyon cobalt]

ermm ackshually adult T rex could weight between 6-12 tons

[lapis yarrow]

Because new fossils get discovered every day and these are scientific theory's the most accurate theorys

[stable sun]

Because they lost them

[timber kiln]

the 12 tons ones arent reablie
and if talking about avg rex is 7 to 8 tons
sue and scotty are 9 to 10 maybe even 11

[drifting arch]

Art by The Darknix using DanPalaeon1, skeletaldrawing, ivaniofri and Alpha for the skeletals. Saw this post on Facebook and wondered if the measurements for these specimens were accurate, I have doubts considering Giganotosaurus I’m pretty sure should be at 13.5 meters with a 10600 kg weight estimate.

[hardy sentinel]

Meraxes is the green one, unless I misunderstood?

[drifting arch]

Oh I didn’t even see its name because of all that lime green +_+

[fossil ingot]

Mapu larger than Carcha?
Cursed

[fossil ingot]

That Giga Specimen is the Holotype which Weight is alr?
7500-9000kgs is weird, better just go with the 8600kgs estimate.
The 13.5m estimate is based on a Dentary and the Dentary isn't really Reliable.
Hell its likely Dentary is the same size as the Holotype

That Chart Made by Darknix seems old due to the art and size of them.
Isn't really THAT far off.

[brave nova]

Mapus top estimate is 7000kg and tyrannos is 6700kg there isn’t really putting it any higher than that

[fossil ingot]

Liam's Mapu might as well be 6500kgs tbh.
And Is kinda the best Skeletal Mapu to use atm.
But 7000kgs is good too.

Liams Mapu is around 11.7m and 6500kgs.(weight based on Random's Chart)
Random has that specimen at 11.98(basically 12m) and 7000kgs.
So that Range for it seems alr

[frigid delta]

7 tons like that yet an Argentino's predator btw

[fossil ingot]

I mean.
I don't see a Solo Mapu going vs an Adult Healthy Argent lol.

[brave nova]

All the weight ranges there seem to be a lil funky

[fossil ingot]

It seems to be an Old Chart made by Darknix

[brave nova]

Probs yea Tauro isn’t even mentioned

[frigid delta]

bro think he'd won
no but joke aside, what abt a pack like those of wolves to take down uhh... what, juvenile, sick individu, or a weak & oldass Argentino?

[fossil ingot]

Fran/Acro is now tmk 11.2-11.5m
Mapu is 12m
Carcha is a Mess that can range from 11.8-12.4m

[fossil ingot]

Yeah and Tauro should be 10.8-11.8m
No Tamery either.
So Chart def seems to have its age

[stable sun]

Goliath is 12.6 t

[brave nova]

With carcha atm I kinda just use the one scaled from giga as it seems to have the best accuracy for carcha scaling atm. 7.6t and then I forgot the length

[fossil ingot]

7.6t and 11.8m

[timber kiln]

goliath might be not reablie

[brave nova]

No chilant either. Tamery is like ~4t right

[fossil ingot]

Random's Tamery is 4.4t iirc is the gave Random Got it
Should be Count Siats? Max Siats is like 5.2t iirc atleast with Random's lad

[brave nova]

Last I heard about siats is that it was disputed. In what sense they mean idk

[fossil ingot]

Its a Femur.
Which tbf is way better and reliable than Dentary Giga material and even Arguably Large Spino.
So if we wanna use Dentary Giga(for some reason)
Use Goliath, either way Cope is Larger than Dentary Giga and is still 11.1t.
Average Rex is 7.5-8.1t

[brave nova]

Dentary giga is 10.7t? Its size was lowered after its initial changes

[fossil ingot]

Average Siats moment

[fossil ingot]

Basically yeah(10670kgs so basically 10.7t).
Atleast using the 6.6% larger than Holotype estimate.
Then Again, Dentary is also possibly same size as the Holotype.
Average Dentary Moment

[stable sun]

It's more reliable than any North African Spinosaurine specimen above 4 t

[brave nova]

Oh I mistook the weight u gave cope for gigas mb

[timber kiln]

ah ok

[brave nova]

Last I saw about cope and Goliath was their sizes went up slightly. Copes max estimate was 11.7t and then Goliath was said to be 12.9t

[fossil ingot]

Still funny Ppl wanna Ignore Cope and Goliath but then Use Dentary Giga and Large Spino

[stable sun]

11.1 and 11.7 t are all reliable, they're just different estimates by different people

[tough parcel]

Almost as if these two are described...whereas a majority of Cope/Goliath seems to come from people going "Yea the guy working on them told me so..."

I think only Cope's femur is figured in the GSP paper?

[stable sun]

Cope has published measumerents

Goliath has unpublished measumerents, but we know they are true

[tough parcel]

So nothing I said is wrong 🔥

[stable sun]

False

1. Cope has published measumerents
2. Its femur isn't figured in GSP's paper

[tough parcel]

Whose femur was in the GSP paper then? Cause it was one of the mega-specimens

[round hedge]

How reliable is allometry ?

[steady rock]

If two smart ppl argued and you don't understand, do you get dumber or smarter?

[timber kiln]

Both

[round hedge]

Neither

[pulsar bay]

Holaaa

[stable sun]

It has measumerents for all femora but barely any figures

[open roost]

Last time checked it was 6-7 or 8 tons not 15 or 12 xD

[fossil ingot]

Average Rex is 7.5-8.1t.
Scotty and Sue are 10300-10450kgs
We have some 9t Material
Cope is 11.1-11.7t
Goliath is 12.1t-12.9t

[umbral kite]

who cope and goliath and why would some name a dinosaur cope

[low raven]

Cope and Goliath are very partial Rex specimens estimated to be the largest ones and I don’t recall why it’s named cope I believe it’s has to do with who discovered it

[umbral kite]

Because they couldnt “cope” with the fact that it was so big

[proud prawn]

I ran that part of the video by the people describing the specimen

I was asked not to share any specific measurements, however

[white matrix]

hilarious mate

[scenic flame]

no.

[tacit pine]

LOLLL. Both r mid names and sound so corny bruh

mfs gonna name the next few sum shi like “Behemoth” “Seethe” “cry”

[stiff osprey]

(it's actually named E.D. Cope, after the bone warrior)

[scenic flame]

creator of headaches and bad taxonomy

[stiff osprey]

man calling him a bone warrior makes him sound way cooler than he actually was

[umbral kite]

goliath is fine but cope wow

[proud prawn]

Bucky wanted to name the specimen Clyde when they found it, after his adoptive grandfather, but he was outvoted. The crew wanted E.D. Cope instead

[sullen cairn]

tbf to cope/goliath the 6.6% larger toothrow measurement everyone likes to use for dentary giga also isn't from any published work

[lilac hornet]

Team Cope is hilarious out of context

[hardy sentinel]

What makes me sad is that Walking With Dinosaurs (2000) is more accurate for it's time than Prehistoric Planet (2022-2023)

[tough parcel]

Who told you that 💀

[hardy sentinel]

Papers and stuff, a good percent of the dinos in PP aren't even from 66 mya

from my knowledge WWD doesn't have time traveling animals in almost every episode

[stiff osprey]

it very much does

[hardy sentinel]

Can I get a list of the time travelers? I'll make my own for Prehistoric Planet

[stiff osprey]

not really interested in naming all of them, but Plateosaurus shouldn't be in New Blood, Anurognathus shouldn't be in Time of the Titans, Cruel Seas I think is fine, Utahraptor shouldn't be in Giant of the Skies, most of the animals in Spirits of the Ice Forest shouldn't be in Spirits of the Ice Forest, and I think Death of a Dynasty is fine as well

It gets much worse when you consider time and place, as most of the animals in WWD are misplaced

[sullen cairn]

php showed a yoshi-looking triceratops demonstrating it doesnt take place at the very end of the maas wtf

[hardy sentinel]

My biggest pet peeve with Prehistoric Planet is that they put VELOCIRAPTOR in the wrong time and place, I don't think we have any V. Mongoliensis remains in the Nemegt or 66 million years ago. I know we suspected Velociraptor relative fossils there but why make them there in the first place??

[scenic flame]

yeah WWD had alot of time traveling issues, never mind European Utahraptor

[tough parcel]

AFAIK it was because "Velociraptorine indet." doesn't roll as easy as "Velociraptor"

[hardy sentinel]

Yeah, but a documentary shouldn't pull a JP and rename something to Velociraptor because it rolls off the tounge easier

[tough parcel]

Plus the average PP enjoyer won't remember it's not actually Velociraptor

We're a minority

[stiff osprey]

You say that when WWD has a Tyrannosaurus model that doesn't resemble Tyrannosaurus in any way, when we had multiple well preserved skeletons in 1999

[tough parcel]

It's literally "Velociraptorine indet.", any reconstruction would wind up heavily influenced by Velociraptor

It's not a JP situation

[stiff osprey]

They gave T.rex a frill and made it walk on its tippy toes like a horse 😭

[tough parcel]

You see, the T. rex has evolved a hoof like the horse to run fast!

[hardy sentinel]

Yeah but why not say that instead of Velociraptor in a DOCUMENTARY MADE TO TEACH PEOPLE (also Tarbo didn't live 66 MYA, it was 70-68 so why even add it?)

[scenic flame]

unguligrade rex

[stiff osprey]

PP being set 66 million years ago is a stupid line, it clearly takes animals from the whole of the Maastrichtian

[sullen cairn]

in any case nemegt has terrible temporal constraints

[tough parcel]

Nemegt when I ask it to have consistent dating

[stiff osprey]

But one stupid line does not outdo the many glaring errors that WWD exhibited for its time. Calling it more inaccurate than WWD is silly

[sullen cairn]

not even that its inconsistent its just like nonexistant

[hardy sentinel]

They shoulda just said "The Cretaceous Period" and just included more dinosaurs, Spinosaurus woulda done numbers for the show instead of another Tyrannosaurus shoved down our throats

I don't think we've had a documentary that doesn't have Spinosaurus in it's more accurate form that isn't knuckle walking like a crocodile/gorilla/duck hybrid

[stiff osprey]

tbh I don't think I would have wanted to see a Spinosaurus from that crew

They likely would've given it long legs based on Hartman's blog post, rather than use the neotype's proportions, and made it a wader

[hardy sentinel]

I think they woulda killed it with Utahraptor, we haven't had Utahraptor in a documentary since 2000 right?

[scenic flame]

hard disagree, sticking to the Maastrictian worked out perfectly fine, I would like to see them do another epoc though next

[sullen cairn]

~~if only there was some upcoming successor to wwd that could include utahraptor and spinosaurus ~~

[hardy sentinel]

The early Cretaceous is really ignored for some reason in more recent documentaries, I wanted to see so much more than just the basic Maastrictian stuff I got fed throughout my whole childhood

[iron halo]

I hope we get a wwd 2 one day

[hardy sentinel]

Wait for "some point in 2025" -google

[scenic flame]

that's a grave simplification of the content in the series

[hardy sentinel]

What way would you describe Prehistoric Planet then? I knew 90% of the species aside from the random 2 Pterosaurs in the first episode that look nearly identical and a few Hadrosaurs that have slightly different models

[tough parcel]

You might have, but again, paleo-nerds are the minority

[scenic flame]

yes because you're a nerd

[sullen cairn]

i think most people who know 90% of php's cast would also know 90% of an early cretaceous php's cast

[scenic flame]

wanting a different point in time is fine, but you're flat out wrong in saying it was the same old crap we've seen for decades, or that it was less accurate for the time than WWD

[hardy sentinel]

I would do absolutely anything for Amargasaurus to be in a documentary, goated early Cretaceous dino

I also kinda hoped that for Prehistoric Planet season 2 they would show some early birds but all we got were some early waterfowl relatives that got killed by a Troodontid

[light osprey]

Perhaps the upper Nemegt is actually the early Paleocene
first Paleocene Dinosaurs?

[halcyon cobalt]

Also fan of eugenics

[orchid rain]

Pls understand, it is hybrid face off at school

[tough parcel]

Sure..

[fluid inlet]

13 year old video in my recommended

[manic grail]

I got it recommended too like 1 week ago

[main copper]

@fluid inlet that just shows to not mess with a trike

[velvet burrow]

Would kill for a similar project set in the cenomanian

[fluid inlet]

https://youtu.be/uDRGvZJSlPQ?si=MxPDcVpzmk6Fktg4 real Gs

[umbral kite]

if a mega theropod like deinocheire had feather is it so off tvst msybe theri or tarbo had feathers

[potent badger]

They did no?

[empty socket]

dosen’t theri already have feathers?

[umbral kite]

it more like 90/10

[warped peak]

good lord, I used proportions based on Amphicyon and he became insanity

[sinful trench]

Do you think potentially they're waiting for the newest paper on Spino for the TLC? It apparently has quite a bit of evidence supporting them being quadrapedal

[warped peak]

That seems unlikely

[sinful trench]

Them being quadrapeds or linking it to the TLC

[warped peak]

Quadrupeds

Alderon is probably just focusing on other stuff

[sinful trench]

I know using tails as a counterbalance is likely, but I genuinely can't see them being bipedal for primary movement

[warped peak]

I mean its not exactly unreasonable

I favor the idea of "Tripedal or Quadrupedal", using either the tail, or the forelimbs as a prop when not moving. It's a heavy body

[sinful trench]

I mean in a sense, the other large therapods as they grew larger heads, slowly lost the size in their arms, but Spinosaurus has relatively normal front legs/arms in comparison to their rears.

[lapis steeple]

So I hear you guys like dinosaurs...

[fluid inlet]

Iirc ain’t one of the only thing really missing with spinosaurus is its from limbs/arms.?

[fluid inlet]

Thought you were @outer tusk for a second

[sinful trench]

@fluid inlet we have other spinosaurids to go off of like baryonyx or suchomimus (Which funny enough are potentially the same dinosaur) where we have near complete skeletons

[fluid inlet]

Baryonyx and suchomimus the same dinosaur ? What??

[lapis steeple]

I know not who they are, but I would like to know.

[stiff osprey]

Baryonyx was suggested to be quadrupedal back in the 90s but that's no longer been accepted for a while. Spino probably wasn't either

[sinful trench]

@fluid inlet The holotypes are thought to be too similar and are thought to be potential synonyms

[warped peak]

You'd need some pretty extraordinary evidence to prove Quad Spino

[stiff osprey]

unless it was quadrupedal only while underwater

[sinful trench]

Supposedly later this year we're getting a substantial paper later this year (Jesus im tired lmao I just repeated myself)

[warped peak]

I mean, you could give a source and it'd slow the conversation

[lapis steeple]

Opinions on huadanosaurus?

[warped peak]

Spino using its forelimbs as an aid occasionally seems entirely plausible IMO, but resting on your arms, or using them to push off underwater is a lot different than running on them

[sinful trench]

Honestly I don't really see spinosaurus truly running to begin with

[fluid inlet]

You seem to know a bit about things. I’m send you a friend request, let’s be buds.

[warped peak]

Fair

[sinful trench]

my degree is in marine biology not paleo science so I'm speaking as a hobbyist souly

[lapis steeple]

Yeah I don't see spino running because those legs are proportionately quite small

[stiff osprey]

given that T.rex couldn't truly run, Spinosaurus with a fifth of the limb strength not running is a reasonable assumption

[sinful trench]

Source on Tyranosaurs not being able to run?

[fluid inlet]

My name

[sinful trench]

You're so real for that my bad

[patent mist]

https://www.manchester.ac.uk/about/news/tyrannosaurus-rex-couldnt-run-says-new-research/

[stiff osprey]

^

it still walked at 17 mph so not bad

[sinful trench]

So would this take away from it being more of an ambush predator, or further add to it being a defensive scavenger

[patent mist]

it's prey were roughtly similar speeds
granted this applies to the adult mostly
the juveniles were light enough to achieve air time

[stiff osprey]

definitely an ambush predator, pure scavenging doesn't work on large animals (even hyenas hunt most of what they eat)

[lapis steeple]

I think you guys will like this:

[stiff osprey]

this was me in 2009

[sinful trench]

Apparently I cannot post links. At least not to the doctors website who publishes about the spino

The doctor's name is Nizar Ibrahim though, his page has quite a bit of cool stuff to look at

[fluid inlet]

Why would T. rex need to run when all the mega fauna are big fat tards ?

[sinful trench]

Honestly, thinking about it I don't see any true reason why it would need to run faster than hypothesized. At the end of the day it's not like it would be running AWAY from anything

[lapis steeple]

Unless one angers an adult alamosaurus

[undone rapids]

If rex is "running" away from another rex that rex is probably bigger/fatter and slower than it anyways

[lapis steeple]

And yes I know there haven't been any alamosaurus found in hell creek (I think)

[sinful trench]

You guys are my kind of people

[fluid inlet]

I like you too bud.

[opaque kayak]

We gang gang fr

[sinful trench]

I'm game

[fluid inlet]

https://tenor.com/view/iamtonytalks-tonytalks-antonio-baldwin-calling-call-the-police-gif-12385006250024902415

[lapis steeple]

🤨 wdym by that

[sinful trench]

Pucker up babe

[sinful trench]

Also thoughts on Oxalaia potentially being just spinosaurus? It was found in a brazilian formation

[lapis steeple]

I hope not honestly

[opaque kayak]

I don't think so personally, bro is very, very far from spino, and is seperated by a sea. That being said no definiteive evidence

[halcyon cobalt]

I’m pretty sure suchomimus is African and baryonyx is English so too far away

[lapis steeple]

Pull out the Cretaceous maps chat

[lapis steeple]

And this is late Cretaceous right

[opaque kayak]

Cenomanian

[lapis steeple]

So yes

[stiff osprey]

Oxalaia might be genus Spinosaurus (genera are arbitrary anyway) but it definitely isn't S.aegyptiacus

[lapis steeple]

But the beginning of it tho

[sinful trench]

my brain seeing the map thinks it could just swim across to spawn a potential new subspecies, but I know damn well that's several hundred if not more miles between S.America and Africa

[opaque kayak]

Here's the locations

[lapis steeple]

I'm thinking that oxalaia is a different species even if it is a spinosaurus though

[sinful trench]

I mean there's several differen't spinosaurids

[light osprey]

The Spinosaurus is actually synonymous with the Irritator

[opaque kayak]

Oh shoot very nice map

[sinful trench]

Wasn't Irritator also found in south america though?

Also I love where the name Irritator comes from lmao

[undone rapids]

Yeah theres also that aguthuma spinosaurid thingie

[lapis steeple]

And we only have fragmentary skull pieces

[light osprey]

This is a synonym with the Sigmalmassivesaurus

[opaque kayak]

Insane morphotype variation

[lapis steeple]

I dunno

[fluid inlet]

Proof that spinosaurus was surviving in the ocean ( calm down Pangea fan boys)

[lapis steeple]

I kinda don't want oxalaia to spinosaurus

[outer tusk]

you don't

[fluid inlet]

I’m blind

[lapis steeple]

Early Cretaceous (125 mya)

[tribal sandal]

A friendly reminder to please keep this chat to paleontology topics only

[lapis steeple]

Okay

[undone rapids]

Wasn't north west africa separated from the mainland at that time?

[lapis steeple]

Not in the early Cretaceous

[undone rapids]

Is oxalalia early cret?

Spino is late iirc

[lapis steeple]

No but earlier on in the late Cretaceous though

[fluid inlet]

Spino not late, nvm im dumb

[stiff osprey]

spino and oxalaia both are from ~105 mya so 20 million years after that image

[lapis steeple]

Yes it is 🧏🤫

[fluid inlet]

My goat dying off because he can’t eat fish

[lapis steeple]

Spinobob aegyptopants

(Don't execute me please)

[opaque kayak]

I thought it was closer to 95 mya

[lapis steeple]

Why does bro have the extinction of spinosaurus from planet dinosaur on his camera roll.

[lilac hornet]

dedication
loyalty

[lapis steeple]

What y'all know about Dino King (Speckles: The Tarbosaurus or tarbosaurus the mightiest ever)

[outer tusk]

curious this is an old ss a took in a game but I was wonderign would this pose be possible for a resting stegosaur like kentrosaurus?

[halcyon cobalt]

I miss dinosaur arcade

[frigid delta]

is this true?
https://x.com/_themingau/status/1898511963077951708?t=RK8BTuN3rlR3p4cEx4jvMg&s=19

Mingau 🦃 (@_themingau) on X

Hello friends, I'm going to take some time here to talk a little about the nostrils of sauropods.

It is already known by many that nowadays many of us, paleoartists, make the nostrils of sauropods normally more located in the anterior part (here in the green dot of the image).

X · Mar 8, 2025, 11:11 PM

[stable sun]

Unknown

[stable sun]

This is impossible, Suchomimus is much later than Baryonyx and has many unique traits

[fluid inlet]

Saurophaganax victim

[stable sun]

This would also make it a junior synonym of Brontosaurus

[fossil ingot]

Saying Bary and Sucho are the same is Crazy
When not only they lived in different Times but have very different body proportions

The small is Totally the same Species as the its much later cousin

[fossil ingot]

Quad Bary will forever hunt us

[lapis steeple]

Never. ever. Try to tell me that suchomimus is the same as baryonyx

[fossil ingot]

Pretty sure Bary and Sucho have more differences than Rex and Tarbo does.
Atleast more noticiable to the Eye

[frigid delta]

uhh... yeah!

[fluid inlet]

I have insider knowledge on baryonyx and suchomimus I’ll post the comparisons.

[fossil ingot]

Bary Lived with this Thing
Sucho lived with Eocarcharia

[stable sun]

Suchomimus diagnostic characters

Diagnosis- (after Taquet and Russell, 1998) sagittal crest on premaxilla.
(modified after Sereno et al., 1998) elongate subnarial process that nearly excludes maxilla from external naris (unknown in other baryonychines); broadened posterior dorsal, sacral and proximal caudal neural spines; robust humeral tuberosities; hook-shaped radial entepicondyle.

[frigid delta]

is that Neo?

[outer tusk]

That is neovenator

[hardy sentinel]

Could you elaborate on this?

[lapis steeple]

The fossil material that was initially thought to be diagnostic for saurophaganax (several vertebrae) are now thought to belong to a brontosaurus.

[hardy sentinel]

Brontosaurus made a comeback in 2015, but apparently the masses didn't know about that and now it killed our favorite mega carnivore of the middle jurassic... we should have been smarter to learn about it

and when I mean the masses didn't know, I see people in comment sections and in dinosaur study groups that don't know Brontosaurus has been valid for nearly 10 years as of next month

[lapis steeple]

It's a blessing and a curse to know more about something than most.

[hardy sentinel]

could you link the paper? Not finding anything tying Saurophagnax (sauropod ver) to Brontosaurus on google scholar

[lapis steeple]

Not exactly brontosaurus though

[hardy sentinel]

So why did you say thought to be Brontosaurus?

[lapis steeple]

Just something like apatosaurus

It is only a likely candidate

[hardy sentinel]

Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus are distinct genera, has been like that for 10 years. Proper term would be an Apatosaurine sauropod (also I am still not seeing the study that says this, all I am seeing is a Diplodocid sauropod in the paper)

Here is the most recent paper that has to do with Saurophaganax, unless you got something else:

https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29404

[lapis steeple]

Although I don't think apatosaurine correct either

I'm just saying

[outer tusk]

why is "apatosaurin" not correct?

[hardy sentinel]

Apatosaurinae is the group that holds Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus. The group that holds Apatosaurinae is Diplodocidae which is a bigger group. Saying Brontosaurus is like me calling a Utahraptor an Unenlagiin because they are a similar group in the same bigger family

[outer tusk]

apatosauriane also holds amphiloceras

[lapis steeple]

I said like apatosaurus, as in similar, i never said it was the same thing.

[hardy sentinel]

I know it holds more than just the two big bois, just using them as examples

[lapis steeple]

I'm not trying to be all scientific with it

[hardy sentinel]

"the fossil material that was initially thought to be diagnostic for saurophagnax (several vertebrae) are now thought to belong to a brontosaurus"

you did not say similar to, you said a

[lapis steeple]

Hey, some sources aren't putting it out of the question that the vertebrae are from a theropod

[hardy sentinel]

This is a scientific chat, and proper terminology matters here. We get on people whenever they say Yutyrannus was a Tyrannosaurid, even thought it was a Tyrannosauroid. Proper terminology matters a ton here if you want to debate stuff

[lapis steeple]

This is discord my guy

[hardy sentinel]

Can you provide these sources?

@lapis steeple it's a platform to debate a passion, and some of us here are planning on, training to become, or are paleontologists. It is like any other chat forum when it comes to debating about a passion/profession. It's just that discord is more organized and moderated

[lapis steeple]

Nah.

[hardy sentinel]

???

anyways, what do yall think of Brontosaurus becoming valid for 10 years as of a month from now

[outer tusk]

cool

[fluid inlet]

Based

[lapis steeple]

Olorotitan right?

Or some other lambeosaurine?

Yippee

[frigid delta]

Ammonite Shell

[thorn grove]

he forgor to shave

[hardy sentinel]

Could Barsboldia go bipedal? I am tryna do some concept stuff for my own idea for a Bars TLC (I do know that all we have from barsboldia is some back vertebrae

[outer tusk]

all current hadrosaurs are faculative biped

[hardy sentinel]

Wouldn't it be harder to go into a bipedal stance depending on the size of the Hadrosaur? Like at some point they'd stop going like that i'd assume

[wind prairie]

tell that to elephants and diplodocids

[hardy sentinel]

Yeah, but do they walk around bipedally whenever they feel the need? To my knowledge those guys would only go bipedally to stomp on something and then continue being a quadruped, not stay in a perpetual bipedal stance until they feel like going on all fours again

I am asking this because in my write up for a Bars TLC I wanna know if I should make it's biped stance take stam or not due to it's sheer size

[tacit pine]

Anyone got a sucho skeletal with top and front view?

[hardy sentinel]

Looks odd to me, legs seem short but it might be right, I dunno

https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/suchomimus-skeleton-070224bbe2444097910fe54abb171f98

[tacit pine]

Oh, this ones ok ig? But i meant more of this type but with a top or front view

[hardy sentinel]

I would if I could, but I don't think people would make specifics for Suchomimus, and if you have to ask if anyone has it then I don't know if it exists on the internet. 3D model is probably the best you got

I could travel the world and find a Suchomimus fossil on display in a random museum tho

[thorn grove]

They also aren't specifically adapted to be bipedal. Rex is bigger than an elephant and yet nobody is doubting its ability to be bipedal. We can't really say with Bars specifically but a lot of the biggest Hadrosaurs we have (I.E. Shant or Magnapaulia) tend to have very robust tails that probably helped them remain balanced on two legs.

Oh I forgot how many caudals Bars has, it's still not great but the tail does look pretty robust.

[zealous ravine]

Legs look a bit long on that, lemme find the latest

Can't find it, RIP

@stiff osprey do you have one?

[frigid delta]

Mesozoic Tyrant (irl Rex on left) vs Genetic Movie Monster (Rexy on right)

[wind prairie]

idk man, elephants can stand on 2 legs for a pretty good amount of time when reaching for things higher up

[thorn grove]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22436214/

I have no clue how accurate this study is still considered since it is over a decade old at this point but apparently the origin of milk secretion may have happened about 310 Ma

https://tenor.com/view/monstersinc-sully-mike-door-put-that-thing-back-gif-4553929

[frigid delta]

Palaeoloxodon Falconeri

[tribal sandal]

Please do not mention or discuss any mutes/bans appeals, should a user wish to discuss further they may open a support ticket:https://alderon.games/support additionally please do not assist a user in bypassing their mute, there will be no further warnings for this.

[fluid inlet]

My bad

[fluid inlet]

What’s the biggest Shantungosaurus specimen

[thorn grove]

Femur No 1.

From Hu et al. 1973 so it's one of the original specimens

[hardy sentinel]

I love the fact that mammals shoot filtered blood (milk) out of modified sweat glands and nobody bats an eye

But when I say a FEW COELUROSAURIAN MIGHT NOT HAVE FEATHERS... SOCIETY, SOCIETY CALLS ME A MAD MAN

[wind prairie]

||oh some of us CERTAINLY bat both eyes if you know what I mean||

[astral spindle]

https://tenor.com/view/giganotosaurus-licking-lips-dinosaur-hungry-dino-dana-gif-16993725285595815114

[wind prairie]

this unlocked a memory for me
but yeah I'm pretty sure no coelurosaurians would have reason to lose all feathers

[hardy sentinel]

Controversial opinion: Theri and Deinocheirus were mostly featherless

[wind prairie]

I don't think that's really controversial given all the art there is of that.
Even still they could've had a slower metabolism than mammals of similar size, meaning less body heat and warranting feathers

[hardy sentinel]

Like I know we got Beipiosaurus and the Deinocheirus tail fan bone but like... That's not solid evidence

[wind prairie]

the deinocheirus pygostyle (tail fan bone) is hardly a "pygostyle" in the way a bird has. Still, most of these groups have evidence of tail fans so I doubt they differed
ornithomimus has evidence of having had a very small feather fan at the tip of its tail

[hardy sentinel]

The tail fan could also be a leftover thing, no reason to assume a giant partial piscivore needed feathers to stay warm, and considering Theropods are the group of dinosaurs know for being warm blooded I'd say it's safe to assume feathers weren't needed

I do like Theri and Deinocheirus with feathers, I just think they are stuck on too heavily most of the time, maybe some sparse stuff here and there but not PT Theri over here

[wind prairie]

I mean prob all dinosaurs were warm blooded though
and deinocheirus is a proportionally heftier animal I'd say, I could see it digesting very slowly. Of course I wouldn't portray theri or cheirus with a lot of feathers, but something like this seems about right

[hardy sentinel]

It's thought that Ornithischians were partially warm blooded according to prehistoric planet

[hardy sentinel]

And why would Deinocheirus digest food slowly?

[halcyon cobalt]

herbivore

[hardy sentinel]

Omnivore actually, we have found more fish remains than plants in it's stomach, at least I'm 90% sure it was more fish than plant

[fluid inlet]

No shiii , didn’t know that about deinocheirus. Interesting.

[hardy sentinel]

Actually, we found fish and gastroliths in the stomach, the head is what we're going off of for plant eating

[halcyon cobalt]

wouldnt it be possible that the fish weren’t actually eaten and were crushed under / trapped in the corpse

[hardy sentinel]

We found them crushed up by the gastroliths in the stomach, which are eaten by the animal to aid in digestion, not crushed by an animal, crushed against rocks in a stomach and mushed around inside

[fluid inlet]

Most herbivores ain’t true herbivores anyways but I look at deinocheirus completely different now

[hardy sentinel]

We don't have direct proof of herbivory in Deinocheirus's stomach, just fish. All we are going off of is the skull which I personally think is because it's a leftover trait from my Ornithomimid looking ancestors that also aided in catching fish

Btw here is my Deinocheirus source

https://www.global.hokudai.ac.jp/blog/65-deinocheirus-mirificus-no-longer-an-enigma/#:~:text=– Robust hind limbs with posteroventrally,herbaceous plants in freshwater habitats.

[fluid inlet]

I just imagine seeing a deinocheirus taring a fish apart the way bears do now. Although realistically it would probably just swallow it whole?

[hardy sentinel]

Yup! They didn't have teeth for shredding up their prey, and the gastroliths would crush it up for digestion anyways

[light osprey]

Ornithomimus has no evidence for a tail fan

[round hedge]

Wat dat toung do ?

(NO WAY, slowmode is 30 seconds again )

[tall forge]

What your guys favorite dinosaur?

[spice snow]

YO WHY IS HE FREAKY

https://tenor.com/view/shocked-miles-morales-shocked-meme-miles-morales-miles-morales-earth-42-ayoo-gif-9543097632117496217

[fossil ingot]

Deinocheirus wasn't as feathered as PHP made it be.
A Feathering more Similar to that of Hatchling Duck would be better reference to use.
For Theri? Idk

[frigid delta]

how do i even imagine/depict this

[fossil ingot]

We can't really imagine it 100% due to its size and material.
But we do have relatives.
But tmk PHP Duck is to feathered while Hatchling Duck seems to be a better reference

[frigid delta]

i love how its intelligence was two
bet Rex will be five, just you watch

[lapis yarrow]

Rex is crazy smart. I read it's as smart as a 7yo human somewhere. Or even a chimp.

[frigid delta]

The intelligence of T. rex was likely closer to that of monitor lizards and crocodiles (which are intelligent in their own right) rather than that of primates.
-Prehistoric Planet

[lapis yarrow]

I've read otherwise, brain case scans also seem to say otherwise aswell. When I move to Canada I'll be publishing papers about similar subjects with my paleo pals. Stay tuned

[white matrix]

Wasn't that debunked soon after it was published ?

[lapis yarrow]

Kinda. But I'm going to be doing my own research soon to see if it's true or not

[fossil ingot]

Thet have a Sucho

[frigid delta]

4.5 tons feel small
Sucho 5-5.3t, yes?

[lapis yarrow]

I have 3 suchomimus teeth

[serene moat]

This is a question for any of the like high knowledge dino knowers mainly but I was curious to know what's other people's thoughts on how accurate is the isle evrimas triceratops sprint to it's real life counterpart, I see alot of complaints but I feel like it doesn't look that bad however maybe a more trot run like pots alberta or the pachyrhino run animation from the walking with dinosaur film would be maybe more accurate but what's ppls thoughts

[lapis steeple]

Triceratops probably wouldn't be able to move any faster than an elephant

Both top out at around 20 m/h but they can move a little faster

Now a full on sprint like in path, no probably not

[lapis yarrow]

I swear I've seen elephants run fast af in documentarys

[tacit pine]

Thank you

[sudden wind]

It's basically Dan's but in 3D.

Here are some good and more recent ones @tacit pine, based on Sereno's scans. Srumis provided you the top and front view btw.

[drifting condor]

People always talk about spino nerf but look at this beast we used to have
(I'm talking about pachy)

[stable sun]

this was always false though

[drifting condor]

It funny

[fossil ingot]

Yeah.
Estimates change.
The Holotype is 5-5.4t but tbf there can be smaller ones
Like Hatchling Duck is 6.5t, Largest Duck is 6.7-71.t

[fossil ingot]

For Hartmans Sucho you can use the Edit Random's did giving it a Better Tail and Neutral Posture too

[fossil ingot]

And Here Hartman's Normal one just in a Neutral Posture

[serene moat]

But like the animation tho would that be realistic or nah

https://tenor.com/view/kaperoo-the-isle-evrima-triceratops-gif-11801131620803966601

[fluid inlet]

Yes

Trike in isle runs like it’s about to use the restroom on itself

[scenic flame]

based off the most generous take I've seen, no.
(By GSP)
I'm fairly certain it's breaking triceratops's anatomy to do what it's doing

[lapis steeple]

That's what I'm thinking

[scenic flame]

I would personally say that any of the larger ceratopsians like triceratops wouldn't be able to even gallop like a rhino, only running like an elephant or hippo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTHzlUQDGmc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhMhTBY2dVQ

Smaller/younger ceratopsians may be able to slow gallop like a rhinoceros https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaobRxxNiWI

[warped peak]

Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2025/5450-biology-of-otodus-megalodon

[fluid inlet]

Long boy

[drifting condor]

Few questions about pachycephalosaurus

1. What did it use it's skull for
2. How did they defend themselves
   3.Are they omnivores?

[astral spindle]

No thicc boy????????

94 tonnes for the Denmark specimen????

Damn, didn't know bro would become that thin

Heck even smaller than GHC 6

[stiff osprey]

Will the blue whale sized megalodon glazers finally end???

[fossil ingot]

Lol

[fluid inlet]

@steady rock when Ichthyotitan solos easy difficulty

Ichthyosauria supremacy

[warped peak]

I mean it's bigger but there's no way it's taking on a max size Meg with how thin it's snout is

[sudden wind]

Ichthyotitan is a Shastasaurid but depending on how you reconstruct it (as it is very fragmentary and so the proportions may not be 1:1 Shonisaurus) the size will be different. Also not forgetting the fact most people tend to not reconstruct Shastasaur bodies correctly so they, most of the time, are oversized.

It's still a gigantic animal.

[fossil ingot]

Suddenly Meg vs Livy doesn't sound as One sided lol

[neon flower]

Is this accurate? Can a paleontologist let me know :3

[stiff osprey]

no 👍

[fluid inlet]

2024 was such a based year

https://x.com/joschuaknuppe/status/1898788612163940789?s=46

Joschua Knüppe (@JoschuaKnuppe) on X

And here now the result of the Candeleros formation stream! What a weird place. The part of the formation we depict here is wasn't quite as arid as some of the lower parts of the formation and yet it was dry enough that it makes me wonder... how all the sauropods?
#paleostream

X · Mar 9, 2025, 5:30 PM

[warped peak]

N0. It should have feathers.

[light osprey]

I like how they didn’t even bother with giving Diuqin Unenlagiine proportions

[thorn grove]

this is a rare case where something happened more recently than I thought, for some reason I though T. mcraeensis was like early 2023

[halcyon cobalt]

Khinjaria’s back must hurt from carrying so much

[stiff osprey]

lmao

[ionic crescent]

Ceratopsians have capabilities to gallop however TI anim is, something unique lol

As for triceratops, any sort of gallop considering it's WEIRHT is not so viable

[scenic flame]

after asking around some more it seems like the big ones at least absolutely can't gallop, due to their spine being to rigid with their ossified tendons for it to be possible

[hallow spear]

they dont really have any capabilities really

They lack scapular mobility, spine mobility hip mobility, limb mobility(?), short manus and pes this applies to most ornithischians as well.
Stegosaurs are the only ornithischians that seem to entirely lack ossified tendons limiting upwards and downwards (primarily) motion

[scenic flame]

Oh? I heard a while ago stegosaurs were so inflexible even smaller ones such as kentro were incapable of any kind of gallop

[hallow spear]

far from it

Thats to say its not entirely out of the question for smaller ornithischians to do some form of primitive gallop, (nothing like a rotary gallop or anything similar) but realistically nothing over 2t with such harsh limiters is even going to be classed as any form of capability other than size and limb proportions, which vary heavily from galloping animals

@stiff osprey do you have that funny depiction of a very stiff horse gallop that pasha did

[warped peak]

Question, at what point does it go from a sprint to a gallop

Asking because Pseudocyon/Amphicyonids

[stiff osprey]

sadly no

also, every anti-galloping restriction made for ceratopsians minus the ossified tendons applies to stegosaurs, while stegosaurs also have the restriction of dorsal plates, extremely short metatarsals and columnar hind limbs, so no stegosaur is galloping either

[hallow spear]

oh i was reffering to the inflexibility part i didnt even read the latter part lmao

[stiff osprey]

in truth i think smaller ceratopsids and maybe stegosaurs might have been able to gallop, but the funny hippo run seems more likely

[hallow spear]

hippos actually get full airtime

which is scary to think about and frankly freakish, but they do get full airtime with their gait

but i do agree with what you said too (excluding the hippo part, i dont personally think we have any modern analogue of what it would be like)

[scenic flame]

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/_xHfldOEG3g?feature=share
please ignore the stupid AI voice over

[warped peak]

I'd love a study on how fast Amphicyonids could move but I know there isn't one

[hallow spear]

Full airtime as well

[stiff osprey]

it isn't loading for me but i take it it's the anti-gallop horse

[hallow spear]

it is yes
Wonder why its doing that

[stiff osprey]

It does have full air time yeah, which restricts like a fully grown Triceratopsini or Stegosaurus from doing it

but anything hippo sized or smaller is fair game

[hallow spear]

I would LOVE to see a tiny ceratopsian or Stegosaur gallop, like Huayangosaurus or some dwarf Ceratopsian like Zuni

[scenic flame]

we have just what you need

[fluid inlet]

Bro just broke the game

[stiff osprey]

the tatankaceratops was able to survive in hell creek due to its ability to gallop at 60 km/h to escape the nanotyrannus

[scenic flame]

https://tenor.com/view/kaperoo-the-isle-evrima-triceratops-gif-11801131620803966601
btw, what originally started the convo

[hallow spear]

The.. juvenile triceratops...

[stiff osprey]

Wow that trike is breaking a lot of things

primarily breaking my suspension of disbelief

[hallow spear]

look at its hip 💀 it moves seperately to the sacrum LMAO

[scenic flame]

frankly I think a hippo run would just look better too

[hallow spear]

imo Evrima TI Stegosaurus run is probably the limit of what they'd be doing (not for Stego just general type) from what i recall that is

[stiff osprey]

The funny part is from what i can tell that gallop has no airtime

[hallow spear]

wait lmao ur right, its a gallop without actual galloping

[stable sun]

suspension of

[fluid inlet]

Wait til u see eo on pant of Titans

[hallow spear]

pant of titans

and i dont think eo would be worse than TI trike tbh

[scenic flame]

btw stego you mentioned the less compacted ribs mammals being a factor in why they're able to gallop where an ornithiscian cannot, is that in reference to say how the ribs of Triceratops are more bunched up than a Rhino's

[stable sun]

Megalodon from the new paper compared to the Abingdon pliosaur, the largest non-shastasaur marine reptile

[hallow spear]

Rotary gallop type is what that was in reference to (horse)

[hallow spear]

also that rhino looks a bit odd, could just be vibes though

[scenic flame]

yeah I couldn't find any great refs from google, most are at an angle

[rancid dove]

you think it's accurate ?

[warped peak]

No

[feral lotus]

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMBLbTJ7Q/

[wind prairie]

oh yeesh is it really that bad??

[light osprey]

The charming Montanaceratops

[hallow spear]

its not even a physically possible gait because of what its breaking

[thorn grove]

idk who that is but I think a terror bird would kill him

[elfin pulsar]

Idk who that is but he would def beat the terror bird

[fluid inlet]

What’s heaviest weight and height of biggest terror bird specimen that is published

[warped peak]

Largest is 350-400kg I believe

[fluid inlet]

Damn almost 900lbs

[thorn grove]

I change my mind the terror bird will lose because it lacks mammalian cunning

[fluid inlet]

https://www.livescience.com/animals/extinct-species/a-giant-crocodilian-killed-the-largest-terror-bird-ever-found-12-million-years-ago weird because if I read this article right it has this terror bird at 340lbs

[hallow spear]

i killed the terror birds

[fluid inlet]

You are Purussaurus?

[thorn grove]

He's the last surviving stegosaur he ran up and down the continent and killed them all with his thagomizer

[hallow spear]

what he said ^

[fluid inlet]

Damn, stegosaurus really do keep on breaking barriers

[tribal sandal]

Hello there

Please avoid the use of any Off topic memes/gifs or similar in this channel - feel free to use #pot-memes

[wind prairie]

do not mention the top name or I may crash out

[compact leaf]

why, they happen to be doing de-extinction stuff that isn’t a reason to hate a company that’s doing legitimately good work for conservation

they literally used the mammoth science to make a vaccine for baby elephants when they were dying

[plucky basin]

COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL, COLOSSAL..

[velvet burrow]

OOAOAOAOAOOAOA

CANDELEROS BY JOSCHUA

[outer tusk]

What are some unique things in ceratopsians' ecology that makes them different from other ornithischians?

[plucky basin]

they got big ol horns

[outer tusk]

that doesn't describe their ecology 😭

[thorn grove]

their feeding aparatus is largely unique, they had large sheering teeth and incredibly high bite forces that made them better adapted to eating tough vegetation

[plucky basin]

mb 😔

[plucky basin]

mr smarty pants over here

[thorn grove]

🤓

I put on these glasses to write that message

[fluid inlet]

Take them off.

[thorn grove]

already did 😎

[wind prairie]

https://tenor.com/view/dumb-regular-show-monkey-macaco-prei-gif-20626809

[fluid inlet]

https://youtu.be/F51WhxwpiXg?si=s6_28c1tq-6r13ok

[sly viper]

Average weight of T.Rex?

[warm saddle]

7-8 tonnes

[drifting condor]

Is pachycephalosaurus the biggest pachycephalosauridae
(WARNING LONG WORDS)

[warm saddle]

yes tmk

[serene moat]

Ohhhh okay, thankyou

[opaque kayak]

Livyatan (Nau, 2020), Megalodon (Shimada, 2025) and Shastasaurus (Paes, 2020)

[stiff osprey]

The minilodon

[frigid delta]

tell the Meg i say pspspspsps

[fluid inlet]

Paleontology try not to turn every extinct sea monster slender mission impossible

[wind prairie]

tbf the largest sea animal ever is this way

[opaque kayak]

pspspspspspsps

[halcyon cobalt]

Inb4 people start conparing Meg to spinosaurus

[rancid dove]

meg my beloved❤️

[fluid inlet]

The great Mary Anning

[halcyon cobalt]

sucks how she wasn’t accepted since she was lower class and a woman

[fluid inlet]

If only she knew how much she was respected and appreciated today, r.i.p

[opaque kayak]

Epic

[opaque kayak]

Who's the artist btw?

[fluid inlet]

Not sure I had seen it on Facebook

[stable sun]

Kalid Romualdo

[opaque kayak]

I can't seem to find him ngl

Can you DM me his link?

[stable sun]

i only found that one art piece of Mary Anning when googling him too

[rancid dove]

ok guys,now I found an exact picture of the megalodon(artist hodari shadowalker)

[tough parcel]

The Megalodon when I

[rancid dove]

Oh yeah, basing an entire estimate on a lost vertebra and pure assumption, that's definitely solid… or not. Compared to the more rigorous statistical methods of previous estimates, it feels pretty weak. Anyway, the megalodon was huge, but 24 meters is far from being proven

[steady rock]

It's good to be in paleo chat again

[stiff osprey]

I can't tell if they are favoring an even bigger megalodon than what the paper says, or arguing that it shouldn't be 24 meters because lost vertebra bad

''they depicted it as the largest vertebra in the series even though we don't know that it was'' sure, but if it isn't the largest in the series, then it would be larger than 24 meters

[steady rock]

Would a diplocids tail flexibility be drastically different then let's say a titanosaurs tail flexibility?

[rancid dove]

For now, it's still somewhat unclear, so we'll have to wait a bit longer and hope for new information to either confirm or refute this estimate

[rancid dove]

Yes, a diplodocid's tail flexibility would be drastically different from that of a titanosaur

[steady rock]

Now, are they the most flexible tals of the Dinosaurs?

[stiff osprey]

i would argue titanosaurs had the most flexible due to each caudal having a ball and socket joint with the following caudal

but while each caudal in a diplodocid is less flexible, they also had way more of them, so idk could go either way

[rancid dove]

When you compare the two, you notice that one has a thinner tail and the other thicker, he uses them for balance or a defense

[stiff osprey]

the whip part of a diplodocid tail is definitely more flexible than any other sauropod tail

[steady rock]

Do we have any studies on prosauropod tails? I'd imagine they be as flexible as hdrosaurs

[stiff osprey]

more flexible actually

range of motion of various body parts in plateosaurus (image is upside down for some reason)

it is almost flexible enough to bite its own tail

[steady rock]

Oh damn, so plateo is just really flexible?

[thorn grove]

aren't hadrosaur tail relatively inflexible

[compact leaf]

they’re limited quite a bit by the ossified tendons

[thorn grove]

yea that's what I had thought

[steady rock]

I know stegosaurids had really flexible tails, how abt nodasaurs and ankylosaurs?

If I remember correctly, they could swing them back and forth relatively fast

[merry current]

“Spino keeps getting nerfed” when in actuality their design is becoming more unique and accurate. People think dinosaurs r Pokemon or something

[fluid inlet]

https://x.com/haolonggood/status/1899083852540252431?s=46

Haolonggood Fans (@Haolonggood) on X

#Haolonggood | Tyrannosaurus_Rex

X · Mar 10, 2025, 1:04 PM

[warped peak]

I wish there was information on the AMNH website lol

[bitter quest]

How big is the tyrannotitan in game compared to the irl animal, size difference

[fluid inlet]

Pretty accurate now depending the specimen you want to compare it to

[slender brook]

Im sure this has already been talked abt but the fact that saurophganax is not a thing, and is two seperate smaller dinos is just sad

[tulip stream]

From lord of the lizards eaters to a giant sauropod

[undone rapids]

lord of the lizard eaters sauropod

[warped peak]

I mean the size hasn't changed for the Allosaurus remains

Still like 4+ tons as it always was

[river plinth]

Or it's a lizard eater alright

[slender brook]

I thought i read that the size estimate went down around 400Lbs?

[zealous ravine]

I’m unsure about the first half of the tail, but in ankylosaurs the back half was basically a stiff rod with zero flexibility

[steady rock]

how flexible would it have to be to bestow a a bone shattering swing? because like, without flexability wouldnt it lack the force needed?

we're gonna act like your a animal that can survive this

What would you rather be hit by and are more likely to survive? (very unlike but this is a what if )
stegosaurus thagomizer or ankylosaur tail club

[umbral kite]

guys was there ever a sauropod that was a carnivore

[umbral kite]

ok look stego depending on where it hit use a one hit anky is breaking the bone and u are bleeding internally slowly so stego

[steady rock]

wouldnt the same thing happen if you get hit by a stego thagomizer TOT

[umbral kite]

if u get hit in the head with the thagomizer ur head wouldnt have a hole through it also where on ur body is the tail hitting u

[warped peak]

Some early Prosauropods were omnivores

[steady rock]

???

[umbral kite]

what does it mean to be a pro sauropod ur better than the rest or soemtuing

[umbral kite]

where on ur body is the taill hitting u

[steady rock]

i dont know, im just asking which would be more lethal

[umbral kite]

yea see id say stego would be more because more likely that a straight stab through ur body and anky is more like getting hit a car but toward ur rib cage

[steady rock]

whats the things on the back of hadrosaurs called? ( as seen here )

[umbral kite]

a hump

[umbral kite]

I answered u

[steady rock]

i dont mean the hump, i mean these

[stiff osprey]

back tabs, feature scales, there was a third term but I forgor

[river plinth]

Scutes

[steady rock]

then what are they?

[steady rock]

hirsutiops

[low raven]

Leptodactylsaurus

[modest lagoon]

Leptobellusaurus

[chrome oasis]

Brachybellusaurus

[manic grail]

https://tenor.com/view/megatron-gif-733580728820753444