paleontology

[sacred mural]

google is telling me that they also weighed about 12 pounds, so about the size of a large chihuahua i believe

[tough parcel]

I forgot we had two specimens

[sacred mural]

"stood no higher than a chicken" -google

considering they might have also been in the group that had feathers, they could have looked a bit like chickens as well

[fluid inlet]

Source

[sacred mural]

knowing that many dinosaurs like the tyrannosaurus had feathers, i assumed that there is a possibility they could have as well, i dont have a source as it was only a theory

[elfin dragon]

theres like no evidence of tyrannosaurus actually having feathers

[native kindle]

feathers are ancestral going way back afaik, to the point some of the first "crocs" could've had feathers

[distant kraken]

Honestly, I'm curious about what the Apex predator of the early Cretaceous was for the northern hemisphere. In the south, there was the Carcharodontosaurs, but what was their equivalent in the other half of the world?

[native kindle]

so unless we have skin impressions(which to be fair, we do in tyrannosaurus) feathered in some capacity is the default for a lot of theropods it seems

[stiff osprey]

In the northern hemisphere it was also carcharodontosaurs for the most part

[native kindle]

still carcharodontosaurs!! and sometimes spinosaurs

[stiff osprey]

Carcharodontosaurs were simply built different

[distant kraken]

Based on what I can find online, the only instance of a larger Carcharodontosaur from the Northern Hemisphere I can find is Acrocanthesaurus, and even then, he was from fairly early on.

[fluid inlet]

I remember asking which theropod do people think was starting to take over or would take over had the meteor not hit and most people said either megaraptors or abelisaurids

[sullen cairn]

fortunately 90% of early cretaceous north american fauna is just cloverly with sprinkles

[stiff osprey]

There's Acrocanthosaurus in North America, Neovenator in England, Concavenator in Spain, Alti/Becklespinax in France (?). Not much is known from Asia at this time but there's Chilantaisaurus, which is debated to be a carcharodontosaur or megaraptoran

[sullen cairn]

they really be calling turonian early cretaceous now

[distant kraken]

I don't know. Herbivores were changing close to the end of the Cretaceous, putting a greater emphasis on the ability to effectively fight back against predators, see Triceratops and Ankylosaurus.

[stiff osprey]

well shaochilong apparently has been redated to aptian-albian so i assumed chilantai was redated as well

or do they not coexist anymore

[sullen cairn]

i thought shaochilong got deported from ulanhsuhi to whatever john new oviraptorosaurs from
i dunno if chilantaisaurus got thrown out too

[stiff osprey]

no more tiny carch being bullied by giant megaraptoran
this is a terrible day

[fluid inlet]

I meant taking over in terms of being the next kingpin of theropods

[stiff osprey]

woah why do franoys's and SIW's shaochilong match up to less than 3cm of total length apart

[sullen cairn]

so i can pretend that shaochilong has concrete size estimates to throw rocks at that big caudal

[stiff osprey]

i love scaling 5m animals to inexplicable 13m relatives!!
~man who just reconstructed bahariasaurus

[sullen cairn]

shaochilong is (was) a baby chilantaisaurus (bahariasaurid) so that tracks

[distant kraken]

Yes, and to do so, said theropods would have to be able to adapt to their prey becoming increasingly capable of fighting back. The Tyrannosaurs were already adapting to this, as seen with Tyrannosaurus.

[stiff osprey]

now can we downsize the glup shitto ornithopod vertebrae as well or are those doomed to be shant sized

[sullen cairn]

sister taxon to hippodraco gianttailensis and iguanodon 1.4m+femorafromthe19thcenturyensis

although on that note did anyone ever figure out how to make this normal-size

[stiff osprey]

well i'm pretty sure the only reason it was ginormous is fadeno scaled a picture of the caudals using a scalebar that was 2m further from the camera

[tough parcel]

That's interesting

[sullen cairn]

if i had a nickel for every time fadeno scaled something several tonnes larger than you'd reasonably expect it to be i could probably buy a candy bar

[light osprey]

That’s certainly a few nickels

[elfin dragon]

so you're tellin me they have done this about 40 times lol

[stiff osprey]

table how long was the brazilocarch caudal exactly i forgot

[sullen cairn]

23.36 iirc

nvm 23.363

[light osprey]

23.3632156

[flat pond]

Man, ddinodan has been on a role with things

[stiff osprey]

so brazilophaganax would be 13.9 m long based on shaochilong
and that's ignoring the likely proportionally larger skull

[sullen cairn]

and given some of thats the bigass tail lets just say its roughly dentary giga size
we did it patrick, we saved brazil!

skinwalker

[stiff osprey]

wait

since shaochilong is a derived -id wouldn't we need to redo the reconstruction after meraxes and stuff

do we think a gigahippodraco in musth would be able to kill brazilophaganax or is that a skill only derived hadrosaurs had

[sullen cairn]

wow its hideous

[compact leaf]

this is vile

[sullen cairn]

shaochilong's one of those things where i dunno where to even start trying to scale it and i'm kinda baffled as to how siw and franoys got the exact same size for it

[stiff osprey]

this is fair i'm just going to use their consistency as evidence that shaochilong was actually that size

[outer tusk]

wild compa

[stiff osprey]

oh god i can actually pull off making this look good

[sullen cairn]

https://tenor.com/view/chalmers-simpsons-may-i-see-it-talking-gif-11870196

[stiff osprey]

one sec i'm trying to see if i can fit the dorsal vertebra into the same animal

well i couldn't find the paper or the measurements but my scaling from neovenator was apparently 12.8 meters so close enough

welcome back aureosaurus monstruosus

[sullen cairn]

brazilian theropods mk.iii teaser...?

[stiff osprey]

i don't think i'd survive the fallout of posting a >14m brazilian carch on deviantart

the three monsters of the marfim fm

[warped peak]

This entire conversation is like watching modern YouTube

[sullen cairn]

at least suchomimus braziliensis is actually cool without being also rather distressing

[stiff osprey]

i've been listening to epic music the whole time i'm doing this and it makes scaling poorly classified caudal verts feel like saving the world

even with this anatomy it's still larger than giganotosaurus

but like smaller than cope rex at least

[sullen cairn]

this is absolutely sending me

[restive mantle]

Hey paleo peeps so Ive been drawing a iggy for a friend of mine and wanted to know a lil more about em like if their thumb spikes were decent weapons or like maybe if they were scary or smth

[stiff osprey]

the flexibility on most dinosaurs's arms kind of sucks, so it would be difficult to aim the thumb spike at a vital area of an opponent

but assuming it managed to do that it would definitely be a dangerous weapon

not much use against like a T.rex, but luckily Iguanodon only coexisted with predators smaller than itself (that we know of)

[hallow spear]

What the hell is that

[hallow spear]

What base even is this

[tall prawn]

0k so i can remind myself that allosaurus amplexous is 11.4 meters and 5 tons

[stiff osprey]

shaochilong

[tall prawn]

wth is this

[tough parcel]

We stan Cap

[outer tusk]

Random, my homie

Can you slide me the skeletal reference my man, my dawg!

[stiff osprey]

no 🙂
you can have the silhouette though

[outer tusk]

I hate you!!!, this is why is Table is better!!!!!
/Sr

[fossil ingot]

Man what is this

[fossil ingot]

What are all this actually

[sullen cairn]

i'm conflicted as to whether this or the bahariasaurus recon last night is a greater sin
on one hand this is working with objectively more ass material on the other hand its much more preferable to nearly every other scaling of the thing and the bahariasaurus recon gave the two people who care about the thing far too much joy and validation

[outer tusk]

Uh what name is the carcharodontosaurid suppose to be again

[sullen cairn]

supposedly gomez but imo brazilophaganax has its charm

[stiff osprey]

if it was known from actually good material i'd propose aureosaurus (gold lizard) so we can flex on argentina
but as it is, brazilophaganax fits its probably-sauropod affinity much better

[restive mantle]

Okay okay thank you 😌

[tall prawn]

anyone knows who made this

[tall prawn]

what abt lord of the shark eaters

[stiff osprey]

carcharophaganax would be ironic considering the weirdly prevalent myth of saurophaganax being a carch

[crystal dock]

Hey Random did I do the lips right on my attempt at having Manu's skull on Justice body?

[crystal dock]

It would also just be way too on the nose

[stiff osprey]

precisely, material this bad doesn't deserve a good name

[stiff osprey]

lips look fine but the random line following the mandibular fenestra is weird

[crystal dock]

Am I a bad person for liking animals known from limited or bad materials?

[stiff osprey]

only if it's bahariasaurus, then you're going to jail with those two other guys

[crystal dock]

But it was once my favorite dinosaur when I was a kid 😭

One of*

[stiff osprey]

time to find a new favorite dinosaur

[outer tusk]

I have yangchuanosaurus

[tall prawn]

torvosaurus

well my top 3 rn are allosaurus torvosaurus and giga

[stiff osprey]

this megamonstroshaochilong convo reminded me that I know a girl whose favorite dinosaur used to be Shaochilong

[cloud breach]

@stiff osprey You got those three monstrously sized animals from this right
A reassessment of the historical fossil findings from Bahia State (Northeast Brazil) reveals a diversified dinosaur fauna in the Lower Cretaceous of South America

[tall prawn]

peak skeletal

[stiff osprey]

correct

[cloud breach]

Do you have the pdf

[sullen cairn]

oh right yeah why did that paper become closed-access

[flat pond]

Tarbosaurus, followed by Camarasaurus and Pachyrhinosaurus

[tall prawn]

guys i just realized somthing

[cloud breach]

For the betterment of the public

[tough parcel]

Big T. rex doesn't want you to know the truth...

[cloud breach]

Why is the slowmode 30s lmao

[stiff osprey]

this is great actually it used to be 1 minute

[tall prawn]

allosaurus is the realife indominus 💀

[sullen cairn]

thats what you get for saying something positive above slowmode

[stiff osprey]

We should start a debate about spinosaurus or something so the mods will get mad and lenghten the slowmode again

[tall prawn]

allo victim

[crystal dock]

Can get the OMNH 1188 out here like deadass

[stiff osprey]

but it's a nice allosaurus dorsal

[hallow spear]

overly prepped

[crystal dock]

Imagine being only a dorsal

[stiff osprey]

i just realized with the new martim formation caudal we have a 12m long legged spinosaurid in brazil

the prophesized jp3 oxalaia

[tall prawn]

i wanna know the vertabre size ( ill take its size with a grain of salt) im just curious abt the size estyamte

[hallow spear]

you planted it there because you're Brazilian!

[crystal dock]

Okay but all seriousness is Henry actually Brazilian?

[stiff osprey]

if i did that i wouldn't also have planted a 23cm carch caudal
that thing scares me

[hallow spear]

no i made it up brazil isnt a real country silly

[tall prawn]

guys is random behind gomez?

[crystal dock]

Just like Denmark

[sullen cairn]

what even

[tall prawn]

he is

[stiff osprey]

I would only plant a giant theropod in brazil if it was a) smaller than T.rex or b) known from good material

[outer tusk]

Btw should the tongue be visible on non-avian dinosaurs

[sullen cairn]

well yeah but like thats such a bizzare question 😭

[stiff osprey]

not as bizarre as when zboomer asked me why i was brazilian

[crystal dock]

☠️ I mean isn't Zboomer a racist

[hallow spear]

hes many things, that is probably one of them

[cloud breach]

No its not flexible in most theropods iirc

[stiff osprey]

I think he just says whatever will cause the most drama idk if he actually is any of that

but yes he's not a good person

[hallow spear]

50/50

[outer tusk]

Am still keeping it because it added character

[sullen cairn]

sigh

[crystal dock]

I hope no sane person think he is one

[sullen cairn]

can anyone read this

[tough parcel]

Society

[stiff osprey]

i have that table on my pc
unfortunately i have gone to bed

[cloud breach]

Yeah

[tall prawn]

NO DONT GO TO BED

[tough parcel]

Fortunately, I have already turned your bed into a deb thus waking you up because it's the anti-bed

[cloud breach]

Is the gigahippodraco centrum 2459 or 3425?

[stiff osprey]

That just rotated my bed 180 degrees really fast

[tall prawn]

guys.. is this OMNH 1188?

[tough parcel]

Did it work?

[sullen cairn]

why is this so funny

[stiff osprey]

whichever one was larger

[tall prawn]

random my birthday is coming up can you do a skeletal

[crystal dock]

The guy named after the specimen he chose not knowing the specimen bone

[hallow spear]

asking for OMNH 1188 does not count as a skeletal

[tall prawn]

i meant allosaurus amplexous but whatever

[stiff osprey]

yes but you can't choose which animal or when it comes out

(it will just be the skeletal i was already planning to make)

[velvet burrow]

Random modern spinosaurus vs 90s spinosaurus scaled to same size who would win i think 90s spino wins because of battle iq and combat experience but idk modern spinosaurus has more strenght and is square level instead of building level like 90s spino i think a modern spino can take on two 90s spinos on a 1v2 but idk

[hallow spear]

You mean the taxon that’s literally A. Fragilis

[tall prawn]

hth is it fagilis 😭

[velvet burrow]

Do not ask the amount of brain cells i sacrificed to write this

[hallow spear]

Post your updated torvo already smh

[west coral]

What is the base for the gigahippodraco?

[stiff osprey]

The 90s spino has a deeper skull which gives it more bite force but modern day spino has shorter legs giving it a lower center of gravity, they're really evenly matched fr

[hallow spear]

It’s referred to them and compared to be indistinguishable so pretty much

[outer tusk]

does this torvo count

[cloud breach]

Hippodraco ofc

[stiff osprey]

when did I update torvo what

[hallow spear]

(Cartilage)

[tall prawn]

NO

[sullen cairn]

Cartilage was invented by the skeletal companies to sell more skeletals

[stiff osprey]

ginormous dorsal vertebra

[outer tusk]

do you even know that like deadass

[hallow spear]

People will love it if torvo gets taller lmao

[fossil ingot]

Goes hard

[tough parcel]

What happens if Gallimimus with cartilage

[tall prawn]

guys can i show yall my favorite spinosaurus design

[sullen cairn]

i think knowing basic photoshop should be mandatory to interact with any of these servers because it takes like 2-3 minutes tops to give something more cartilage

[outer tusk]

do you think dinosaur invented clothes because we don;t have them preversed in the fossils.

[west coral]

the silhouette silly

[velvet burrow]

We went from big paleo to big skeletal 😭

[stiff osprey]

fadeno hippodraco but i made it quadrupedal because it weighs like 12t

[tall prawn]

the most accurrate spinosaurus

[west coral]

can I get the silhouette on its own perchance

[tall prawn]

na id win

[stiff osprey]

no i already turned off my pc

[tall prawn]

TURN IT BACK ON OR IM GONNA FEED YOU TO THIS

[sullen cairn]

this channel is so interesting

[hallow spear]

Real

[tall prawn]

good thing its abt to fall asleep

[crystal dock]

This server is missing Sirblameson

[tall prawn]

i need to inv dan and paul

[cloud breach]

Pipe down buddy

[outer tusk]

on god bro shouldn't even be here himself

[compact leaf]

why do I feel like dan would just be peak memelord in here

[gray bone]

When is path of titans gonna be available on Xbox ??

[elfin dragon]

ok you can stop trolling now

[stiff osprey]

bro just asked a question

[elfin dragon]

it was one that got answered awhile ago lol

[sterile trail]

Also wrong chat

[woeful falcon]

Not to mention the game is currently available on xbox lol

[sterile trail]

It's been like that since Rex came out

[fluid inlet]

Yes

[steady rock]

is Allonautilus extinct or alive

[compact leaf]

A. scrobiculatus is alive, A. perforatus I don’t think is classed as extinct but I’m not sure a live one has actually been seen

[steady rock]

is it true we only known them froms shells?

[compact leaf]

from what I know that’s true of perforatus yes, there might have been one still in a shell at some point but not alive

[sullen cairn]

if nothing else brasilophaganax's stomping grounds got some nice art when that paper released

[frigid delta]

Rex when he sees a sick and old adult Alamo too far from its herd:

[sullen cairn]

i wasnt really expecting toothrow length to scale well in edmontosaurus but jesus christ

i'm not even sure if i can pull the bad measurements card because henzler's skull lengths are pretty consistent in how much smaller they are than campione and evans cause of i'm assuming measurement standard

[frigid delta]

and still got slammed by Rex

[sullen cairn]

like i'm all against edmonto glaze but i should not be able to scale beckys giant's entire maxilla to the toothrow measurement of ROM 57100 and end up with a skull the size of mor 003

i really do have to wonder if this is a typo or not

nvm skull length's actually 1050 but same issue

[pliant cedar]

even then it would probably still be a challenge

[frigid delta]

yeah ur right...
...
do they not have enough intelligent to do such pack hunting or what?

[pliant cedar]

i mean
we technically have evidence of social living, but based on the number of rex caused injuries from other rexes they seem to be solitary

and tbh they arent very adapted to hunting sauropods, which is the only animal in the ecosystem that would justify living in packs.

even family units can be brought into question. if the babies hunted alongside their parents why would the youngsters look so different. it implies that they get their own food, and therefore do not hunt with their parents

[storm heron]

Its likely more complex than that. Because despite the differences between juveniles and adults in Tyrannosaurs, we have bonebeds of multiple individuals of different ages so.

[halcyon cobalt]

tmk sue was found alongside 2 other T. rex individuals ( might be another tyrannosaurus though I forgot )

[sullen cairn]

well at least its not that bad when you look at every edmont skull ig

[sullen cairn]

btw this nets a 1.22m skull for beckys giant but thats with an 80-90% shorter method of skull measurement than campione and evans

granted beckys giant also has a maxilla measurement but idk if there's any edmonto maxillae measurements anywhere

[stiff osprey]

how do you measure a skull in two ways 90% apart

or do you mean 10-20% shorter

[sullen cairn]

shorter

seems to be relatively close enough between specimens for me to not care too much

[stiff osprey]

maybe the relationship is skewed by using immature individuals?

the snout gets longer in adults but that's mostly the premaxilla iirc

for example ROM 57100 is clearly a juvenile of a 15 meter edmusth

[sullen cairn]

maybeeee? but there doesn't really seem to be much of a coherent trend in the first place

actually there is way better correlation as a quadratic but this results in an 80cm beckys giant skull

[stiff osprey]

lmfao

with no need to think about how to escape predators, adult edmont's head begins to shrink

[velvet burrow]

How well does the placement of Scipionyx as a young spinosaurid hold up?

[stiff osprey]

Not well, trying to classify a newborn theropod will always be difficult because the babies of various clades look much more alike than the adults

You'd need to have good data for multiple growth stages of a species, like we do for tyrannosaurids or Allosaurus. But we don't have that for spinosaurs

[tough parcel]

Perhaps this is how sauropods evolved

After all, they had beaks and we don’t have any elder hadrosaurs…

[pliant cedar]

that suggests they may have had parental care, but at the same time it doesnt suggest family units, unless there are larger individuals, like adolescent or subadult
if there are then ignore this

[stiff osprey]

it may be noteworthy that the one described tyrannosaur with large bonebeds (more than like 3 individuals) is one where both the adults and juveniles are gracile and cursorial, unlike T.rex

[pliant cedar]

that would be stronger evidence for social living

[crystal dock]

Is the eye placement okay?

[stiff osprey]

Teratophoneus also has a >6 individual bonebed but we don't have a good grasp on its ontogeny because undescribed moment

[storm heron]

Isn’t there a bonebed for Tarbosaurus as well?

[pliant cedar]

there is one for albertosaurus iirc, which was also quite cursorial

[stiff osprey]

Tarbosaurus bonebeds allegedly exist but scientists can't agree on whether they had 6 individuals or 60

[crystal dock]

Bones too scrambled?

[stiff osprey]

i think the 60 came from currie just making it up and nobody questioned it

[crystal dock]

☠️ bro went with 60 because it sound nice

[halcyon cobalt]

60 is a cool number man

[pliant cedar]

60 is too much for sociality, was probably a predator trap
unless there were giant nemegtsaururs hunting tarbo mobs, which is unlikely

[stiff osprey]

considering nemegtosaurus is like 7-9 tonnes tarbo doesn't even need a mob to hunt it

[pliant cedar]

yeah, one tarbo could do it, if its 60 it was certainly a predator trap

[halcyon cobalt]

maybe nemegtosaurus had humongous seasonal herds and were also in musth. tarbosaurus would need packs of 60 individuals in that case, surely

[outer tusk]

Males fought violently against one another leaving bloodbaths of dead nemegtosaurus in the surrounding area!

[pliant cedar]

dead nemegtosaurus from territorial fights could actually draw that many tarbos to the area tho

although, that is entirely speculation so it isnt really concrete evidence

[storm heron]

Oh? So it isn’t nessecarily confirmed that Tarbosaurus boneless exist? Or just the quantity of individuals ?

[stiff osprey]

I would question their existance since i haven't seen it mentioned in a paper, but i could be wrong

[vapid lotus]

you all are missing the answer, the megapacks were obviously there to hunt the 70 ton mongolian titan

[pliant cedar]

well, megapacks exist in path of titans, this clearly shows that tarbosaurus engaged in megapacks in order to kos all the herbis in its environment

[rancid dove]

yup

I think he hunts with his family so he shouldn't be underestimated.

[iron hinge]

https://images-ext-1.discordapp.net/external/ff5BVI5exHSyms_csE9uvpobVwSApMihtCtckakr9iI/https/i.ytimg.com/vi/1NC-8MZW8ZE/maxresdefault.jpg?width=1080&height=608

[wary panther]

Just found out there are no Albertosaurus specimens found in the US and Alberta is in canada am I cooked chat?

[tough parcel]

Why

[light osprey]

Albertosaurus hasn’t been found in the U.S. because we don’t really have early Maastrichtian deposits in Montana/Wyoming/Colorado

[hallow spear]

we do, morrison formation spans through maass

[pliant cedar]

allosaurus in the late cretaceous??????
jk

[hallow spear]

yes

[kind orbit]

Giga need a reestat

[bright veldt]

??? Both rex and giga nowadays are about 10 tons

[umbral kite]

Ok so if bird came from dinosaurs was possibly that dinosaurs where technically both lizards an birds an later in year they just split of becoming two different species hut werr related back in the day but are like very very very long step cousins this is a general question

[warped peak]

That skeletal is awful

[stiff osprey]

lizards and birds are distantly related yes. A bird is more closely related to a lizard than either is to a mammal for example

But dinosaurs were not lizards, it just happens that lizards look kinda similar to the earliest reptiles which dinosaurs evolved from

[umbral kite]

so they’re like cousins

[stiff osprey]

yeah

[warped peak]

Basal Reptile split into a more Lizardlike Lineage, which evolved into Lizards and most marine Reptiles, and Archosaur-like lineage, which gave us Crocs and Dinosaurs (which evolved into birds)

[outer tusk]

I love how bro picked the least accurate reconstruction for neither animal

[hallow spear]

??

[pliant cedar]

everyone thinks that rex is much larger even tho they are quite interchangable

[outer tusk]

Forgot to ask but should I make the arm smalelr ot is it fine the way that is it is

[outer tusk]

case in point Scotty and dentary giga

[hallow spear]

i mean technically no, rex is far more reliably 10t+ compared to giga, both due to the specimen it is based on, and the confidence in the multiview used

[kind orbit]

MUCPV-95 It's 700kg more heavy than Scotty

[hallow spear]

the Giga holotype is not heavier than scotty

[kind orbit]

Size in animals is measured by weight (that is, body mass). Until now, no tyrannosaurus has been discovered that weighs more than 9 tons.

[warped peak]

*possibly 700kg heavier if using the highest possible upscale against a smaller scale Scotty

[hallow spear]

yes it has lmao?

[outer tusk]

bro gonna be on something

[umbral kite]

are the hadrosaur in path of titan accurate

[pliant cedar]

no
lamb is fine, bars is WAY too big

[umbral kite]

what about para

[hallow spear]

@kind orbit

[outer tusk]

I have the one with the weight

[pliant cedar]

para is pretty good

[umbral kite]

becauee i can head tank a trex an win as para

[outer tusk]

pretty sure the only issue is the size though it's oversized

[kind orbit]

https://es.wired.com/articulos/por-fin-han-calculado-el-tamano-maximo-que-podia-tener-un-t-rex-y-era-colosal

[outer tusk]

oohhh, I sure hope this is actuallt reliable!

[hallow spear]

"the average t rex weights up to 13m and 9t"

[hallow spear]

@sullen cairn looks like you were entirely wrong in your est for average rex, clearly you didnt take into account the gluppshittery that this 100% accurate source uses

[outer tusk]

onfg! get to fixing lil bro

[stiff osprey]

why does Spinosaurus not have a volume or weight, that's rude

[warped peak]

Haters idk

[outer tusk]

so Dan Folkes is a spinosaurus hater!

[hallow spear]

it sucks obviously

[tall prawn]

Then wth did he put the msnm as the largest spino individual

[outer tusk]

what

[tall prawn]

On theoconda

[outer tusk]

maybe look on his thecodontia

[tall prawn]

I did

[tall prawn]

And the msnm is on the top bar for some reason

[hallow spear]

What’s

[tall prawn]

?

[sullen cairn]

beckys giant toothrow scaling results unclear more at 7

[ancient crystal]

I'm sorry but am I reading that previous conversation right? 💀

[hallow spear]

i meant what lol

[umbral kite]

Have we found out how big a hadrosaurs could get

[outer tusk]

yeah

[compact leaf]

stop tooth scaling larramendi

[sullen cairn]

prolly approaching like 20t based on shantungosaurus granted thats easily double the size of like every other hadrosaur ever

[light osprey]

Except of course the mighty Augustynolophus

[outer tusk]

btw I tried to make my 'eusauropoda' family tree and I was hoping it looks good

[compact leaf]

atlasaurus tends to clade brachiosaurid as the most basal member btw, if you need help tracking down brachiosaurs (half of them are undescribed with scant references) let me know

[outer tusk]

damn so uh what would make for a godo large eusauropoda besides Jobaria

[compact leaf]

it’s a notoriously unstable grouping so honestly jobaria is your best bet but let me do some digging

[compact leaf]

cetiosaurus is fairly basal but also where specifically do you want it within eusauropoda? I’m assuming outside of diplodocoidea and macronaria but do you want more basal than mamenchisaurs too?

[outer tusk]

am mainly going by size so the larger the animal the further down it is and the name of the group it's in it just that

[compact leaf]

in that case yeah I’d recommend cetiosaurus

[outer tusk]

alright because my concept game is of a progression 'survival' type

[tall prawn]

can you scale ingens?

[sullen cairn]

theres several ingens out there

[umbral kite]

also how come thropad like trex arent in the same species Genius like giganotosaurus and Carch

[woeful falcon]

Because they're not closely related. And I think the grouping you're looking for is "family".

For T. rex, Tyrannosaurus is the genus, and rex is the species. And T. rex is in the family Tyrannosauridae. Carch and Giga are in Carcharodontosauridae.

[steady rock]

is this a accurate depiction of bars? i dont know much about dinosaurs/birds/reptiles and their relation to fat and stuff ( art by @NetchimenRevery )

[hallow spear]

no

[steady rock]

is it too fat?

[hallow spear]

yes + bars might be more likely to be a Saurolophus relative

[steady rock]

may i ask a question about how excess fat may work on dinosaurs?

[woeful falcon]

Well I reckon not like a cow's, which is what that art is supposed to look like

[steady rock]

oh i believe its in the style of 18th century cow depictions

[fluid inlet]

I take the Torvosaurus one very very personal

[light osprey]

Barsboldia is really poorly resolved it’s not more likely to be anything. Accept perhaps a synonym of S. angustirostris

[hallow spear]

i know that? but for parsimony i just said a "Saurolophus relative"

[little mauve]

Our best guess is looking at modern archosaurs and where they store fat: for crocs & gators a lot of fat storage occurs at the base of the tail for instance. Birds deposit fat all over but notably around the breast & thighs. For a hadrosaur I'd expect their fat deposits to be more croc like than bird like in any case

[stiff osprey]

my issue with the art accuracy wise is more that the body overall is too big, and the hindfeet are too hooflike

[sudden wind]

Lovely fella

[woeful falcon]

Now that's a beautiful restoration

[sacred mural]

BUMPY

[thorn grove]

allo should be up with stego I feel but otherwise yea

[sterile trail]

Dinosaur Revolution exists

[fluid inlet]

You had to go to 2011

[sterile trail]

True

Though I'll admit, the dinosaurs were a bit too...
Humanized?

They acted like they weren't just animals but like a person.
Terrible comparison, I know

Anyways, opinions on Torvosaurus?

[stiff osprey]

Chad animal, just 10/10

[scenic flame]

also the person that made the art was specifically trying to mimic the old 1800s art peices of farm animals that everyone memes about

[tall prawn]

fav species of torvo?

[stiff osprey]

if we consider edmarka as distinct then it'd have to be gurneyi

but the morrison complex overall is better

[tall prawn]

F**k

[tall prawn]

atleast for skeletal ideas ur not lamborlator who litteraly wants me to pay him to do it

[stiff osprey]

oh if i was to make a new skeletal I'd 100% charge you for it

[tall prawn]

would it atleast be cheaper than lamborlabators price who charged me 300 euros for a spino neotype

[stiff osprey]

no idea

[sudden wind]

Brother, may I have some oats

[tall prawn]

out of curiousity how much would you get payed to make a skeletal on leviathan (reclassified)

[stiff osprey]

That would just be an edit of my Allosaurus skeletal, so much cheaper than a whole new animal

[tall prawn]

but including the weight

[stiff osprey]

no issue, i would just scale up the DINO 2560 estimate

but as I'm too busy with university I'm not currently taking commissions anyway

[tall prawn]

ok

[tall prawn]

i mean, do you even know how big the verabre is? cuz i wanted to rescale it ngl

[stiff osprey]

I know how big Shots thinks it is

But as the humerus and claw scale to a similar size, I don't find it too unbelievable that it was 13m if built like A.fragilis

[tall prawn]

number

[stiff osprey]

no (:

[tall prawn]

is it cuz im a leviathan fanboy 😭 or you dont like lil kids

[outer tusk]

yes

[stiff osprey]

it's because the measurements aren't public lol

Unless Shots already posted it somewhere publicly, in which case that is not my problem

[scenic flame]

carcharodontosauridae is right there

[tough parcel]

OMNH 1188 was censored by the PoT moderators

[outer tusk]

good I hate that guy

[tall prawn]

unless someone can some how scale the pic

[outer tusk]

$25 sigilmasssaurus

[tall prawn]

no way hes gonna do it for $25

lamborlbaor told me he was gonna do the spino neotype for 300 euros

[stiff osprey]

it's one thing to make a skeletal from scratch and another to edit an existing one to make a similar animal. Of course the former will be much more expensive

[kind orbit]

taking this, the defense difference in giga and rex its too big

[tough parcel]

Could you make a Cope skeletal for $5USD and a Random Snack?

[stiff osprey]

depends on what's in the snack

[tall prawn]

could you do edmarka rex and largest allosaurus size comp for $700

[tough parcel]

Peanuts

I'll do it for $700

[tall prawn]

ill do it for $1000

[stiff osprey]

for $700 I'd scale every Allosaurus specimen

*that has published measurements

[tall prawn]

aslong as theres a 4 or five tonne specimen youve got urself a deal

[tall prawn]

remind me does the 4 tonne allosaurus specimen and epanterias have published mesaurments

[tough parcel]

You should contact random and talk because I guarantee with how wild Allosaurus gets, you'll find a 4+ ton specimen in there

I'm sure they'd be willing to take the money to make a comprehensive chart for Allosaurus

[calm agate]

Not taking commissions
the nefarious JFD access to Random

[tall prawn]

im hoping for even a five tonne specimen

[stiff osprey]

Epanterias is around that size, and yes, it has published measurements

[tough parcel]

You might with how many specimens we have!

[stiff osprey]

To be fair

If someone actually offers $700 to scale every Allosaurus, I'm taking it, JFD or otherwise

[tall prawn]

whats jfd

[tough parcel]

Random is also really good, he's the one that has upscaled T. rex to ~10 tons, Spino to ~8 tons, and much more

[calm agate]

This is fair, I will however not force you to do that because Nathan would kill me for distracting you from the other stuff ._.

[stiff osprey]

https://www.artstation.com/jaggedfangdesigns

[fluid inlet]

Spinosaurus the biggest carnivore to ever live - BBC Earth.

[hallow spear]

He has posted them before yea

[warped peak]

What's the validity of Epanterias vs Allo right now?

[stiff osprey]

Epanterias is invalid, has been for ages. But we don't know if it is a unique species of Allosaurus or just a big A.fragilis

[outer tusk]

erm, what if I say 'nu huh'

[compact leaf]

I’d scale every brachiosaur specimen for that and whatever meds I need to regain my sanity

I’m already doing it anyway

[sterile trail]

I love Allosaurus

My fav mid sized Jurassic predator

(Fanboy warning) I think Allo could definitely beat a decent amount of large Jurassic predators Mid Difficulty.

Maybe high diff depending on what it's facing.

But anyways REALISTICALLY, who would win, Allosaurus or Torvosaurus?

[elfin dragon]

depends on the species of allo

[sterile trail]

And Torvo

[tough parcel]

Not really for either lol

[sterile trail]

Let's just use their larger species for simplicity's sake

[elfin dragon]

my bets on torvo tbh

[sterile trail]

So A. fragilis vs.T. gurneyi

Imma say Torvo has the upper hand here since it's larger, possibly stronger.

I'm giving it a rating of 1-10 (1 being easy dub and 10 being folded like an omelette)

MY OPINION its around 6 or 7

[jagged trellis]

average allosaurus discussion

[woeful falcon]

Depends on the size of the allo and torvo. Animal sizes aren't a static thing. Allosaurus especially is evidence of that

[elfin dragon]

now are we using edmarka or not lol

[sterile trail]

Real

[jagged trellis]

very real

[sterile trail]

For this ranking, no

[elfin dragon]

so average size for both then

[sterile trail]

We're using their largest species

[sterile trail]

So it'd be this

[elfin dragon]

yeah but are we using their average size lol

[sterile trail]

Average size for their species

[bright veldt]

Truth be told it's hard to say what the largest for Torvo is because tanneri specimens are...confusing

[elfin dragon]

gurneyi

[bright veldt]

gurneyi only has like, 1-2 to its name?

[elfin dragon]

we are using gurneyi right now

[sterile trail]

But if we were using tanneri... It would stay around a 6 on the scale

[sterile trail]

This scale for reference

[woeful falcon]

I detest vs battle topics

[sterile trail]

Yeah, its a bit controversial at times

Now, for something completely different

How big was Spinosaurus really?

[jagged trellis]

big

[sterile trail]

My current perception of le spoon is around 14-ish meters and around 8 Tons?

[bright veldt]

That's the biggest "spinosaurus", although truth be told what IS spino really is a hot topic

[sterile trail]

Agreed

Now why did people think Irritator's lower jaw split like Shin Godzilla?

[woeful falcon]

It didn't. It widens from the back like a cormorant

[elfin dragon]

yeah it had a lower jaw more like a pelican

[sterile trail]

Yes, that I got from the start lol

[outer tusk]

what the hell are y'all yapping about

[sterile trail]

This cap

[woeful falcon]

When it opens its mouth, the jawbones open like that automaticly, less it dislocates its own jaw just by opening its mouth or something to that effect. Memory is failing me

[fluid inlet]

Must of been from the same people that said Rex is blind and Rex would break his own legs if he was sprinting

[sterile trail]

Agreed. Tyrannosaurus had some of the best eyesight in the Animal Kingdom

[woeful falcon]

https://youtu.be/wwFvMPGCXn0?si=cfH8SsGuP2cgvOxf

[tall prawn]

isnt epanterias allosaurus amplexus

[woeful falcon]

Would have probably aided it in swallowing fish and such

[stiff osprey]

it's Allosaurus something

[sterile trail]

Yeah, I like mah pelican Irritator

[tall prawn]

so allosaurus.sp

[stiff osprey]

that's the safer bet ye

[woeful falcon]

Likening it to a pelican has also been discouraged, and yet like a wildfire that notion spread immensely

[stiff osprey]

Also yes, for Irritator, think cormorant not pelican. Pelican jaws are insane and not at all built like Irritator's

[sterile trail]

Oh, my bad

[outer tusk]

pelican are just freaky ah

[sterile trail]

They yawn by putting their pouch over their neck eugh...

[outer tusk]

but still something like this right?

[stiff osprey]

Yeah

[woeful falcon]

Brother scarfing down the flipper

[sterile trail]

What is the current validity on Arambourgiana

[outer tusk]

90s irritator was so ugly

[sterile trail]

Sarcosuchus wannabe

[outer tusk]

ngl old irritator head always had this weird rectangle shape at the front

[bitter quest]

Unique but odd

[steady rock]

how accurate would you say ( in your opinion ) is the ranking of the least to most deadlist seas in chased by seamonsters?

7 - Ordovician
6 - triassic
5 - Devonian
4 - Eocene
3 - Pliocene
2 - jurassic
1 - cretaceous

[junior crystal]

Anyone who pronounces titanoboa, titan boa…..

[quasi token]

triassic at #6 these days is pretty funnny when we know how many giant ichthyosaurs there were back then, and the few that were known then are just way better understood or even have new species lol

still a peak documentary though

[steady rock]

thoughts? https://x.com/ARGAtheropodfan/status/1850982302173565400

Arturo García (@ARGAtheropodfan) on X

How about this tho:
Instead of working as a shield for a stationary animal, what if it worked as one that was too wide for a frontal bite? The anky essentially would "follow" the T. rex's jaws to avoid it getting a better grip.

That is, if it got past the club's range!

Twitter · Oct 28, 2024, 7:25 PM

[bright veldt]

It did both. Ankylosaurs had a shape that was hard to bite overall.

[tough parcel]

Why is the Anky so big

[compact leaf]

fadeno that’s why

[tough parcel]

I thought we’d moved past the Fadeno Era

[sullen cairn]

implying we ever left

[compact leaf]

turtle maneuver still works nice with a reasonably sized anky

[tall vale]

wasn’t ankylosaurus not that big enough for this to work

like it looks less rotund and more flat, and also i doubt it would be able to position its body fast enough since it sucked at turning, rex was more agile

[tall vale]

it looks less round like in that image and more flat

[sullen cairn]

so theoretically a 57cm beckys giant toothrow would translate to a 122cm skull which would translate to a 1.19m femur but something about that seems screwy

[tall vale]

anky was very small, most reasonable sized anky weighs 5 tons

[sullen cairn]

femur+tibia length seems to correlate with skull length a bit better than just femur length but thats mostly cause 5730 isn't nearly as much of an outlier

which is to say that femur length actually seems more consistent than femur+tibia length if you ignore 5730

[sterile trail]

Favorite underrated prehistoric animal

[sullen cairn]

skipping the middleman and just plotting toothrow length against femur length is somehow even worse

[timber kiln]

How Tall was Carchadonto and giga cause im getting 2 differenet answer

[sullen cairn]

brazil is so cool i wish these were real

[fluid inlet]

No need to wish a lot of stuff to be found in the future.

[tulip gyro]

How you doing these kind of things.

I tried doing one diagram with pyton but, it didn't work for me.

[sullen cairn]

https://stapplet.com/quant2v.html

[frigid delta]

it's still useless for the Anky to do such thing considering Rex will always rip and tear her until she is cooked 😭😔

[halcyon cobalt]

lol anky could beat Rex any day of the week. even if it was less than half the size, anky had entirely impenetrable armour that not even the mighty megalodon could crush. in fact, none of the herbivores in hell creek were truly hunted at all— such is why it is called hell creek ( hell for any of the predators ) giants like T rex only existed because they scavenged off the titanic remains of titanosaur sized edmontosaurs

[outer tusk]

who' s she?

[frigid delta]

Anky

[frigid delta]

fr?

[halcyon cobalt]

nah

[frigid delta]

then i suppose i'm still right 😎 (ik i'm wrong lol)

[outer tusk]

why do you refer to it as female?

[frigid delta]

headcanon thingy. don't even ask

[outer tusk]

☠️ I guess...

[frigid delta]

yeah ik i'm kinda weird 😔

bully me as u like i deserve it

[daring grotto]

i assume it’s something similar to how cars and boats are always referred to in feminine terms

[uneven sinew]

Most likely the Tyrannosaurus wouldn't even interact with the Anky, why risk having a leg or skull broken when your prey doesn't even have that much meat? It's more reasonable that it would try to hunt Triceratops or Edmontos which, while still a good challenge, have a lot more food to offer, perhaps they would have preferred to hunt other T. rexes even before an Anky.

tbh

[indigo cradle]

I can't imagine anything willingly taking on an adequately sized trike

[uneven sinew]

A herbi that can fight face to face to the biggest terrestrial predator and win 5/10 times, trike is fire

[tranquil quartz]

what

[ancient crystal]

I think they're being sarcastic... but then again, there are definitely people who believe that

[bright veldt]

They are joking yeah lol

[muted fossil]

I’m here

[tranquil quartz]

Spinosaurus was not heavier than Tyrannosaurus lol

[muted fossil]

Spin weighs more than a Rex people think Rex was so big when realistically they weren’t

[indigo cradle]

Tyrannosaurus is considered the largest terrestrial predator on mass alone

[fluid inlet]

https://x.com/pnso_official/status/1850145355595382856?s=46 also in hindsight I’m so glad I didn’t buy Saurophaganax

PNSO (@pnso_official) on X

New Release | Frederik the Lokiceratops from the PNSO Prehistoric Animal Models series will soon be available in PNSO's official online stores.
-
#pnso #dinosaur #toy #scientificart #collectable #paloart #lokiceratops

Twitter · Oct 26, 2024, 12:00 PM

[tranquil quartz]

Tyrannosaurus weighed on average around 8-9 tons with the heaviest estimates being put at 10. Spinosaurus on average was around 7-8 tons

[muted fossil]

The spinos bones were lighter because they needed to be able to swim rexes bones were thicker but that doesn’t mean they were heavier spinos had more muscle and weight

[tranquil quartz]

Do you have a source for this?

[indigo cradle]

Source: because I said so

[slender falcon]

show me an article which says rex weighed more than a spino

[indigo cradle]

Do you know how weight is calculated?

[muted fossil]

My books and multiple websites

[tranquil quartz]

When are these books dated from

[ancient crystal]

Oh, I finally make it to one of these

[muted fossil]

I don’t know literally look it up

[slender falcon]

those who sayin rex weighed more, show me the proof?

[muted fossil]

They almost weighed the same but spinos were bigger

[indigo cradle]

Bro is in here demanding proof from scientists
Homie you're the one challenging the theory, the burden of proof is upon you

[slender falcon]

you dont have any do u

[white matrix]

Aren't Spino bones denser ?

[tranquil quartz]

Show me an article from recent years showing that Spinosaurus weighed more than Tyrannosaurus lol

[ancient crystal]

I can't believe that people still think spino was heavier than rex.

Physically larger, sure, but not heavier. Then again, lot's of "sources" still say 22 ton spino existed.

[slender falcon]

someone said they will prove it wrong in here, so how will you

[indigo cradle]

Let me explain to you how scientific debate works
If you want to challenge established information, you need to bring your research to the table

[white matrix]

AI as proof ? Really ?

[fluid inlet]

Sounds legit enough for me

[tranquil quartz]

Google is not a reliable source lmao

[ancient crystal]

Oh look, the same AI that says pregnant women should smoke cigarettes

[round oak]

Estimating it at 20 tons 😂😂😂

[indigo cradle]

Google AI sources reddit threads, completely unreliable

[fluid inlet]

I agree, this is enough evidence for me.

[ancient crystal]

LOL

[white matrix]

Sure buddy

[tranquil quartz]

Lmao these are not reliable sources

[fluid inlet]

You dropped a source now they need to as well.

[ancient crystal]

I called it

[muted fossil]

I HAVE BOOOOOOOKKKKSSSS

[white matrix]

From 30 years ago apparently

[tulip dove]

Outdated ones then I assume

[fluid inlet]

Source ?

[muted fossil]

Bro yall wrong but can’t admit it im the only one showing multiple sources of proof

[slender falcon]

this is source from matthew wedel from school of natural sciences

[white matrix]

I don't know...the paleontologists that discovered the thing ? Read a scientific paper, not google

[fluid inlet]

Source?

[muted fossil]

That is a scientist I just showed proof of what he found out

[indigo cradle]

Wait they're not trolling? People really thing Aegypticis is heavier than Rex??

[round oak]

26 tons is ludicrous you believe this???

[fluid inlet]

Here’s my source now drop yours !

[indigo cradle]

Google scientists amirite

[tranquil quartz]

https://www.sci.news/paleontology/spinosaurus-hunting-12749.html it literally says in this paper its weight. This is from 2024 btw and not outdated information from Google

[ancient crystal]

https://www.thecodontia.com/blog/the-largest-theropod-dinosaur-known-to-science

7.8 tons for spino

[indigo cradle]

They probably still think spino is aquatic too
It's 2024 guys

[fluid inlet]

What do these guys know compared to google experts?

[muted fossil]

Do you realize we have full fossils of Rex but not spino Rex and spino seemed to be around the same weight but depending on the dinosaur it looks like spino could be heavier weighing around 22 tones

[ancient crystal]

I don't think a theropod is physically capable of approaching 20 tons, anything with that mass range should be thrown out without a thought ngl

[round oak]

This paper also got saurophaganax 💀

[fluid inlet]

Yep I can’t take this list serious.

[ancient crystal]

Older than the paper that killed sauro

[muted fossil]

It is bro look at its skeleton and compare it to a crocodile or alligator look at its teeth look where its nostrils are it has a spino and fin on its big tail how the hell could it be a fully land dinosaur

[indigo cradle]

Homie this is outdated information

[fluid inlet]

https://www.esconi.org/esconi_earth_science_club/2022/06/massive-bulldog-faced-dinosaur-was-like-a-t-rex-on-steroids-fossil-paleontology-dinosaur-fossils-din.html T. rex doesn’t even have anything compared to this unnamed abelisaurid and you want to compare it to spinosaurus ???

[round oak]

You fresh off of watching JP3? It’s a great movie but it was 20 years ago

[ancient crystal]

But yeah, this is a matter of not understanding how massive tons are as a unit of measurement.

A spinosaurus, nor t. rex, nor any other theropod is EVER reaching 20 tons.

[round oak]

No theropod should reach 12 tons. The only one I believe could ever is Rex

[indigo cradle]

Rex is a chonky boi

[muted fossil]

They weighed about the same weight but spino was literally bigger physically it depended on the dinosaur itself and what they did to be heavier than one another

[ancient crystal]

Physical size and mass are not intrinsically related.

[muted fossil]

Look at its teeth and where its nostril would be on the picture how could this be a fully land dinosaur it couldn’t it was a semi aquatic it could go on both land and water

[fluid inlet]

Giga is literally bigger per averages and we only significantly less specimens

[white matrix]

Size is not equal to mass

[glad carbon]

seems more like a wader than a fully swimming "semi aquatic" dino

[ancient crystal]

Off topic, but why are fragmentary remains almost always treated with caution UNLESS it's giga

[white matrix]

You can be longer and weigh less

[muted fossil]

When they fully find a skeleton of a spino I’m sure it will fully show you it weighed more than a rex we have full skeletons of a rex we know how much they weighed but they estimate spino weighed the same or more as rex but we don’t even have all the bones from a spinosaur

[fluid inlet]

Tyrannosaurus rex fans need to get over themselves

[muted fossil]

It was longer and taller than the red but it also did have bigger mass

[white matrix]

I don't care about Rex 🤷

[indigo cradle]

I personally hate rex

[glad carbon]

it makes sense how you'd think this, the sail and everything, but when you look at them head on spoon is kind of skinny.

[round oak]

Paleontologists will find a hip bone and publish a new dinosaur

[muted fossil]

I do to spino is my favorite because it’s so unknown

[ancient crystal]

Spino was more of a billboard than cerato.

[round oak]

This gotta be rage bait

[white matrix]

Glupshittosaurus was bigger than Argentinosaurus look it up

[tranquil quartz]

#fossils#paleotolog#dinosaur#fossils#dinosaurs#egypt#africa

[fluid inlet]

I mean the Indian titan is legit bigger than argentinosaurus

[muted fossil]

How bruva 🤡

[indigo cradle]

2022

[ancient crystal]

Ok, now you just sound like Jack Horner ngl.

I hate this animal so surely my favorite has to be larger.

[glad carbon]

what about them being unknown makes you like them?

[fluid inlet]

2 things can be true

[white matrix]

Nanotyrannus is real I swear. Saw it in my dreams

[muted fossil]

Let’s be real the biggest thing that was ever on this planet is a blue whale even weighing more than any sauropod ever

[indigo cradle]

"this dinosaur is so unknown but I know it was heavier than a Rex"

[round oak]

Spinosaurus is really underrated, never met someone who likes Spino before

[round oak]

https://tenor.com/view/buzz-lightyear-gif-21327280

[indigo cradle]

I'm sad that Miragaia isn't real 🥲

[fluid inlet]

Jp3 if u wanna see who will win between Rex and spino . Bye.

[glad carbon]

dang fr?

[muted fossil]

I wanted to be a paleontologist and I just love the way they look and all the debates people have about it nobody really knows a lot about it because the only full Skelton we ever had of a spino got blown up in world war 2

[ancient crystal]

I mean, that's a no-brainer, and not related to the fact spino is not currently larger than rex according to any reputable source

[round oak]

Audibly laughed. I love that fight, wish it was longer, it was so entertaining

[glad carbon]

interesting

[muted fossil]

I’ve done my research to know it was heavier it was proved heavier and it still doesn’t even have a full skeleton

[tranquil quartz]

That wasn’t even a full skeleton

[ancient crystal]

The animal that the skeleton is from still existed, but the genus Miragaia is no longer valid

[glad carbon]

anyone have any accurate skeletals? cause the mira in game looks a lil funky i wondered if i was trippin.
when did it become invalid?

[round oak]

Guess they gotta take him outta the game

[tranquil quartz]

Laten isn’t valid either and that’s still here

[indigo cradle]

Nah there's plenty of invalid animals in game it's fine, it's a game after all

[fluid inlet]

At least they didn’t add saurophaganax

[ancient crystal]

I don't personally and from what little I've heard, the available skeletals aren't the greatest. But mira in game is accurate to what we believe stegosaurs looked like.

It became invalid either right before or right after mira's release in game.

[round oak]

Most overrated dinosaur all time, I am so glad that it got debunked

[tranquil quartz]

Btw Wikipedia even states its around 7-8 tons. Where are you getting your research from lmao

[muted fossil]

Rex weighs the same it could also be 12 tons to 22

[tranquil quartz]

No it could not lol

[round oak]

He’s got one in his backyard, he knows something we don’t

[glad carbon]

it just looks kinda boxy shoulder wise. wondered if that was a design choice or an actual accurate thing, cause mira looks boxier than stego

[indigo cradle]

This is all we have of "miragaia"

[ancient crystal]

It's accurate. The problem is the in game stego is based on a juvenile.

[fluid inlet]

I was very interested in the psno figure I’m glad I sticked to my guts and said this can age very badly

[round oak]

Never seen a mirigaia skeleton till now, this thing looks stupid 💀

[glad carbon]

ahhh

[tranquil quartz]

That is not a Miragaia skeletal 💀💀

[fluid inlet]

“All we have” that’s more than a lot of other published dinosaurs lol

[ancient crystal]

A 22 ton theropod is an impossibility

[round oak]

What is it?

[fluid inlet]

Spinosaurus bro.

[outer tusk]

Not if it's quadrupedal

[timber kiln]

12 tons isnt highest possible rex can go

[snow python]

How heavy was Lisowicia?

[round oak]

No trex is right there. He quite literally weighed 30 tons. Source: look at him stupid

[glad carbon]

dang bros kinda big

[ancient crystal]

Then it wouldn't be a theropod anymore

[fluid inlet]

Shantungosaurus is the biggest theropod

[outer tusk]

No,no it would still be a theropod but on four legs!

[round oak]

I don’t understand how they have bones of something like this and then say it’s no longer valid, what did mirigaia end up being?

[stiff osprey]

About 5-6 tonnes using the original reconstruction, however as Liso is known from a bonebed of multiple individuals I'd be skeptical of any precise estimate

[ancient crystal]

Dacentrurus or something stupid, they just got rolled into the same genus, can't recall if they're the same species now too

[tranquil quartz]

Dacentrurus

[snow python]

And 4-5m long?

[white matrix]

darius_nau, esteemed Theropod expert

[timber kiln]

Whose bigger Dacentrurus or stego
Cause I see either it's stego
Or other says its dac

[stiff osprey]

Yeah

[fluid inlet]

He’s a paleontologist

[round oak]

Damn paleontology is so funny sometimes

[ancient crystal]

No one answered my question about why the giga dentary gets treated with less caution than other fragmentary remains.

[outer tusk]

Stegosaurus, although dacenturus is a close second at 7 tonnes

Also if you're gonna reference from "miragaia" use this because it's scale and proportion properly

[indigo cradle]

I think we're all confused by giga workers

[outer tusk]

Because it's ass it's a dentary aka a jaw fragment less materialized than the holotype

[indigo cradle]

Such a cool animal

I am however happier that it's attributed to an even larger stegosaur

[bright veldt]

This right here is why you don't use "averages" when comparing such things. Giga's sample size is a grand total of two, the 2nd of which is just a jawbone.

[timber kiln]

Biggest Stego being 8 tons?

[outer tusk]

Largest estimate for stegosaurus is about 10

[indigo cradle]

Are you sure it wasn't 22? Smile

[ancient crystal]

Yeah, so why is it not treated more like one? I see the dentary being cited a lot more than any other fragmentary fossil

[outer tusk]

From where? dentary are treated the same as other fragmentary material is just that in giganotosaurus case it's an actual sizable figure that could be scaled

[ancient crystal]

Oh so it's more so about the size of giga's dentary even if it's still fragmentary and less than reliable?

[trim bluff]

Question: is Geosternbergia still a valid genus? Or has it definitively been absorbed into Pteranodon?

[outer tusk]

Rajasaurus

[timber kiln]

Absorbed

[timber kiln]

i feel like the neck is too skinny
since the head is giant

[outer tusk]

The neck is fine

[ancient crystal]

Yes, but have you considered giving it a funny hat

[outer tusk]

No

[hallow spear]

looks too thin

[compact leaf]

definitely, the legs might be a bit thin too

[crystal dock]

You sure?

[warped peak]

Nice spine

[scenic flame]

skeletals don't generally have the ideal level of soft tissue as that's not their main purpose

[crystal dock]

So you mean I can't have an awkwardly long necked theropod with a big ass head ?

[scenic flame]

PP's majunga by gabriel ugueto is a better reference

[umbral kite]

what bigger a hatz of a quetz becuad eeach time i look it up it different so i need a real answer

[scenic flame]

hatze is extremely fragmentary though from what we can tell it was probably more robust than quetz

[umbral kite]

ok so wat closer relate to dinosaurs pterosaurs or birds

[warped peak]

Birds are dinosaurs, so dinosaurs

[umbral kite]

bird are related to dinosaur that what someone said to me before

in this sever so now im just confused

[compact leaf]

they’re a branch of theropods, they’re as much dinosaurs as any other theropod

[umbral kite]

So is a trike a theropod because i dont knew what theropods are i thought that was thing like trex, spino allosaurus

[compact leaf]

theropods are all the carnivorous dinosaurs plus things like therizinosaurus and gallimimus

[umbral kite]

So tjose that mean theri was most likely a carnivorous

[stiff osprey]

Therizinosaurs had carnivorous ancestors, but evolved into herbivores

[static stirrup]

A theropod is a type of dinosaur, like a feline is a type of mammal

[sterile trail]

Or were omnivorous

[umbral kite]

yea but wat is considered a theropod an how come sauropod arent dont have any real look alikes an birds look like pterosaurs by minicing the ability to fly an there looks liek animal today

[sterile trail]

Giraffes and Elephants: Am I a joke to you?

[umbral kite]

yes

[static stirrup]

Theropods is a group of two-legged dinosaurs
Are you asking why sauropods don't look like birds?
if thats what u mean its because dinosaurs is a huge family

[tough parcel]

I feel like Wikipedia summarizes the classification fairly well
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theropoda

[umbral kite]

Yes also was possible that birds copied pterosaurs like some animal now in days they look slike but are very different

[sterile trail]

Convergent Evolution?

[umbral kite]

yes because how come some theropod dont have beck like face ir beck but pterosaurs do but bird have body shapes if theropods

[stiff osprey]

Birds and pterosaurs both evolved wings and (potentially) feathers, but otherwise they're very different. Birds usually have small heads, many neck vertebrae, and are always bipedal, while pterosaurs have massive heads, few neck vertebrae, and are always quadrupedal, to name a few

[static stirrup]

wait is there any material on feathered pterosaurs

[sterile trail]

Id think they were more like Lil hairs

[stiff osprey]

They are most likely feathers, but i'm in class rn so I can't access the paper. Came out last year

[static stirrup]

i'll try to find it that sounds interesting, thanks 👍

[umbral kite]

true i know nothing about paleontology or biology but pterosaurs like a very close to bird so do theropods like nord have becks an can fly but ther body shapes look like theorpod like ostriches look like theri

[stiff osprey]

Having a beak is good if you're a flying animal, because it allows you to eat various kinds of food while also saving weight on producing teeth. Apparently beaked animals also develop faster inside the egg for some reason. So it evolved separately in both groups because it was an advantage

[umbral kite]

aslo y did bird have feather an maybe dinosuars what reasom for it liek y did they adapt for wat

[heady bay]

Birds have feathers because they inherited them from their non-bird dinosaur ancestors.

[umbral kite]

an do to little research by me most pterosaurs lived hy shores an coastal habitat so wouldnit not have been moist an wet in that area

[stiff osprey]

Feathers first evolved to keep the body warm, as warm blooded animals need something to cover their skin and help keep heat in. Later on they started being used as decoration and in some groups were later used for flight

[umbral kite]

so would pterosaurs have the same adaptation for there habitat an if so that could porve how theropod may have started or why they had feathers an adding to the theory of bird copied pterosaurs

[static stirrup]

Birds copied them how?

[woeful falcon]

Pterosaurs copied insects

[static stirrup]

sued for plagiarism

[umbral kite]

It jsuy a theory by the info yall ahve gave me but so fair the idea is bird copied them to survive mainly by the beak an main trait in pterosaurs thay are seen in bird as a way grow an maybe out live or avoid predator

[static stirrup]

It's not really possible for a species to copy another (unless we're talking behaviour)

[umbral kite]

so fair this is just a theory

[stiff osprey]

Birds and pterosaurs probably evolved beaks and feathers for the same reason, to save weight/development time and to keep them warm, respectively

[woeful falcon]

How do cephalopods play into this I wonder

[umbral kite]

also on covergent evolution could have happened woth them

[static stirrup]

that seems more probable yea

[woeful falcon]

W-well yeah. Not even more probable, its just what happened

Theropods can't just look at pterosaurs and say "I wanna do that" and just copy it and become birds

[tulip gyro]

https://tenor.com/view/bart-simpson-the-simpsons-bat-transform-morph-gif-8463723

[sudden wind]

That's not how evolution works though.

Birds are a lineage of theropod dinosaurs, you know the ones that are bipedal and mostly associated with the carnivorous ones. Bird is a notable group of dinosaurs because they still are around today and now are, for most part, flighted animals : a feat achieved by few clades (being insects, Pterosaurs, bats and birds, though some other animals may be considered flighted).
The way birds achieved flight has nothing to do with "copying" Pterosaurs given that they achieved this very differently due to their physiological and morphological constraints : birds come from bipedal animals while Pterosaur ancestors were most likely quadrupedal to some extant. They way they throw themselves into the air is very different, with birds using their hindlimbs to push themselves off the ground and Pterosaurs catapulting themselves thanks to their forelimbs. Pterosaurs had membranous wings while birds, being as odd as they are, have feathered wings (feathers being inherited from their dinosaurian ancestors, which first function were thermoregulation, which basically means keeping body temperature stable).
As random said already, beak has evolved in both groups because it is a good way to save weights while still foraging. Beak shapes can vary quite a lot based on the animals ecology, or role in the ecosystem.

So, what birds have in common is that they are flying animals. It'd be like saying that bat's copied birds or that every flying animals have copied insects : that just doesn't make senses. As they have evolved flight differently, which is an analogy in this case, they are just cases of convergent evolution caused by similar environmental pressures.

[sudden wind]

I LOVE FLYING SQUIDS ❗ ❗

[umbral kite]

so they didnt copied pterosaurs but they developed flying in similar ways based off the thing u say I believe u bit but the main thing that confuse me is the e beaks how coem most theropod dont have beak like birds some dino that have that a triek related thing thay the only oen i knew that have beak an i cant really remember or comfirm that

also i cnat remember if theri had beak or not

[woeful falcon]

Brother please look at your keyboard when you're typing

[stiff osprey]

Most theropods didn't evolve beaks because they depended on sharp teeth to tear larger prey apart, so if they lost their teeth that would be a huge disadvantage. Theropods that evolved beaks were all small animals that ate prey they could swallow whole, so the teeth weren't as important

[umbral kite]

like wat

[stiff osprey]

what they ate? bugs, lizards, mammals, amphibians, any small vertebrate

[still beacon]

Terror birds

[umbral kite]

no liel what small dinos so far i only found taco an mircoraptors

[sudden wind]

Beaks evolved several times among theropods. I don't know if anyone checked the ecological pressures that caused this but I suppose it'd be related to herbivory. Then from that, beaks can change in several different ways to fit an animal's lifestyle as they show high plasticity in shapes.

[still beacon]

we’re like the only somewhat large predatory beaked theropods

And they didn’t evolve beaks because it was better they just so happened to have beaks beforehand

[stiff osprey]

exactly

[sudden wind]

Terror birds had beak as a plesiomorphic trait though.

Yeah exactly.

[still beacon]

what I’m trying to say is that, yeah beaked theropods can still be successful predators, but for other theropods there’s really no reason for them to evolve beaks when they already have pretty effective jaws.

[umbral kite]

an how come trikes have teeth when they have beaks they have both

[sudden wind]

Their teeth and beak does not serve the same function.

The beak is here to cut down the vegetation while the teeth are used in mastication, as ceratopsians could chew.

[umbral kite]

so do small theropod have teeth in there beak if so then that would be the large differences between them an pterosaurs

[bright veldt]

Idk why pterosaurs and birds keep getting compared here when just on a fundamental level with their lifestyles they’re very different. Their body plans greatly change the pressures they face despite them both being flying animals. This applies to bats too.

[still beacon]

It’s like comparing bats and birds to each other

They both fly and that’s about it there’s really not that many similarities

[tough parcel]

Perhaps proof of the bat-pterosaur anagenesis...

[bright veldt]

Pterosaurs evolved a quadrupedal gate that makes them perhaps the most efficient flying vertebrates to evolve, with the arms being the primary force when walking, taking off, and flying, it allows for great adaptation without having to change too much, ontop of what allows them to get to such large sizes. Birds meanwhile are reliant on both their back and front limbs in everyday movement, which means they’re not as efficient straight up as flyers, but they have much greater flexibility. No pterosaurs have evolved niches akin to macropredatory eagles, robust and fast ratites, or deep sea diving penguins. Bats meanwhile kind of specialized to being microflyers from the get go and kind of stay in their lane for the most part. Only two out of the hundreds of species can properly walk, let alone anything else. There’s great flexibility in that role they play but they’ve largely stuck to that for the entirety of the Cenozoic.

[crystal dock]

@scenic flame sorry to ping but is something like this okay, I added a bit more tissue

[umbral kite]

an early pterosaurs (not sure how true this is ) had teeth an the main reason i think pterosaurs may have soemthign in common main is due to the beaks an habitat an there an there feather my theory is that bird or threropod my have had a convergent evolution was apart of it but so fair the theory was debunked

[static stirrup]

Convergent evolution was def a part of it, that's not the same thing as copying tho

[elfin pulsar]

Hey are there any studies towards ceratosaurus being an animal that was semi-aquatic

[white matrix]

chat is it true that cera could have been semi aquatic irl or just outtdated

[umbral kite]

yea they developed flying in different ways

bro look at this fake photo

[bright veldt]

No. It was a (now incorrect) inference made by Bakker. We don’t really know what Ceratosaurus was doing ecologically.

[jagged trellis]

besides be incredibly based

[warped peak]

Ceratosaurus: It did something Allosaurus didn't. Probably.

[fluid inlet]

Thanks I would of never thought of that

[tulip gyro]

Why would Cera be semi aquatic

It didn't even had any aquatic adaptions if we look at reconstructions

Or did i miss something ?

Would be cool tho

[restive mantle]

Do y’all think baby pterosaurs/ahzdarchids had fluff or were they bald

[hallow spear]

It doesn’t you’re right

[tulip gyro]

how did he come up with the cera semi aquatic thing tho. there must have been a theory/paper ab that topic somewhen

[halcyon cobalt]

the “alligator like tail” and the big banana teeth I’m pretty sure

[outer tusk]

tyrannosaurus banana teeth in question:

Also the teeth feel so od to be considered for a "semi aqautic" lifestyle

[umbral kite]

Bruh who step on his head

[outer tusk]

what? it's head looks fine

[steady rock]

ugly bald babys

[tulip gyro]

show me the tail pls

[tulip gyro]

also, banana theeth are even more likely to be against it, cera didnt ambush from underwater and didnt had to hold onto its prey and drown it.

[halcyon cobalt]

I’m not saying that it was semi-aquatic, that’s just the evidence people used when they thought it might have been

[tulip gyro]

yea im not refering to you, just to talk ab how useless that argument is that people seemingly use.
also the placing of the nostrils isnt great for a semi aquatic lifestyle too

[static stirrup]

How probable is it that Smilodon had lips because I need it to be true

[native kindle]

definitely not like that!

[static stirrup]

assuming this is better?

lots of different looks

no clue which is better

[elfin pulsar]

Someone said they read something about it, and I never heard of it and was super confused so I asked

I was just as confused as you haha

[elfin pulsar]

Thank you!

[outer tusk]

smilodon didn't have lips and if it did THIS IS NOT WHAT THEY WOULD LOOK LIKE

[bright veldt]

I mean it had lips, but the flaps thing is just nonsense.

[tulip gyro]

How do they look like tho

[tulip gyro]

Pretty normal

[daring grotto]

one thing i, and my paleo-inclined dentist father, are curious about, is how those fangs stated intact? is there evidence of them having a different type of enamel? something more like tusks? typically enamel needs to be wet to stay healthy… hence basically everything having lips, and those that don’t, a-la crocodylomorphs, spent time in water

[hallow spear]

neither of those are adaptations for such & it just has osteoderms on the back, nothing like a croc does

[tulip gyro]

A alligator like tail is a Adaption tho, or are we talking ab a scaly tail that isn't as flat as a actual gator tail

Are we talking ab a tail like this?
(I totally not wanna show y'all the pic I took in the everglades )

[zinc solstice]

Was Pakasuchus a Herbivore, Omnivore or Carnivore

[tulip gyro]

Insectivore and carnivore.
-# don't take this as super reliable tho

[frigid delta]

y'all think the Edmonto is cooked here?

[jagged trellis]

he just needs to get a kb move off and combo from there

[tough parcel]

Trug...

[normal fable]

He cannot lose! He musth win!

[scenic flame]

[sullen cairn]

we are so back walkeribros

[hardy sentinel]

is there a reason that dinosaurs didn't stay in power after the KT? I know they had a little comeback with the terror birds but why didn't they stay?

[sullen cairn]

taken at face value this would suggest an 8t walkeri but give walkeri's humerus was measured at 562mm in like 2018 you could theoretically scale it to a measly 5.5t

[sudden wind]

Well, they sorta did given that some part of the megafauna after the KPG were birds.

Mammals didn't reign supreme until the mid Miocene with a global cooling event. Until then, birds and reptiles occupied some important ecological niches as either giant herbivores or top predators.

[hardy sentinel]

Yeah, I did reference that with the terror birds, and I know that the raties and ghastornis happened for the herbivores, but why didn't they stay and take over the earth again? What was so special about mammals?

[sudden wind]

The conditions following weren't the best for them.

Continental drift (and distribution), global cooling, oceanic current changes all affected the environments throughout the world which didn't advantage reptiles overall when it comes to high trophic niches and large body masses.

Some groups went extinct and allowed other animals, in particular mammals, to fill their niches.

[hardy sentinel]

so it was more or less too much change in a short amount of time?

[sudden wind]

There was that and ofc the factor that terrestrial animals higher in trophic levels and larger body masses have lower ecological valences, so their "optimum of existence" requires more particular conditions.

Here is a good video about the subject :
https://youtu.be/0HS7uHXCZ4M?si=XDU-4G2rZAVMdhY6

[sullen cairn]

walkeri larger than cyrtocirstatus, all is good in the world again

[sullen cairn]

osborni humerus over 10% longer than the type... ancestor of the getawaycoulleeensis?

[west coral]

table stop beating the dead horse that is big para

[sullen cairn]

granted its still like 40% the size of former big para

[rose thorn]

Inb4 a random crest double the size of tubicen’s is unearthed

[fossil ingot]

Wut

[sullen cairn]

big walkeri humerus that scales to around cyrtocristatus type size

[fossil ingot]

Damn

[sullen cairn]

for the record this is the biggest walkeri has been in years so if anything i'm doing big para a favor here

[light osprey]

The middle Miocene was a warming event, the major cooling event which sent the cenozoic into its icehouse condition was the Eocene/Oligocene event

[indigo cradle]

Climate change

[steady rock]

what was the crouching abilities of sauropods? could the larger ones crouch? i dont believe elephants can so would the same apply to them?

[daring grotto]

i mean is there a need to crouch with a neck like that?

[glad gorge]

did pachycephalosaurus actually headbutt each other? some people say they did, some people say they didn’t and they just had brightly colored skulls, and another person said they might have kick boxed like a kangaroo 😭

[fluid inlet]

Here you go https://youtu.be/eL8lbCW1yn0?si=DXDX5_iQo5xgkrBK

[sullen cairn]

curiously with bigwalkerihumerusensis all the paras cap out at the same size

[frigid delta]

does that three Para slams their predator? (unlike the L Edmonto?)

[pliant cedar]

if dasp was 4.5 tons, no

[bright veldt]

They did, just likely wasn’t the full run up and slam like most people think.

[pliant cedar]

do u think they used it to wind mid sized predators?

[bright veldt]

Probably not. Battering rams like that are pretty awful for defense.

[sudden wind]

Miocene is indeed following Eocene/Oligocene global cooling but it stays as the coldest period compared to Eocene/Oligocene with C02ppm being extremely low.

Then, during the middle Miocene, we again got a period of global cooling and even less atmospheric carbon (causing, for example, the evolution of C4 metabolism in some angiosperms).

[pliant cedar]

running always works

[pliant cedar]

is this why all the big reptiles like puru and barina died

[sudden wind]

It sort of is as it helped the formation of ice sheets and caused the sea levels to go lower, which then depleted the Amazon bassin from its water.

There is also the Andean orogenesis (mountain formation) that trapped a lot of carbon in the region and so drastically changed the conditions in few millions of years.

[storm heron]

Wasn't there an issue regarding their domeshape? As in, if they collided head-to-head, they would slide off?

[bright veldt]

That wouldn’t really be an issue if it was just a fast clash, ontop of flank-hits and head-whipping.

We have dents in their skulls from frontal impacts, so they were definitely doing them in some form or another.

[light osprey]

Yeah conditions deteriorate after the MMCO but there’s not really a detectable change in the frequency of crocodilians and birds in the megafaunal populations until the Pliocene. Even then a multitude of megafaunal birds still exist and continue to appear even if Phorusrhacids go extinct

It’s funny how most of these graphs are problematic in some way. The early paleocene should have some period where conditions are close to their Maastrichtian lows, two of these sort of underestimate the extent of global warming in the MMCO. Northern hemisphere glaciation also seemingly begins as early as the middle/late eocene.

[storm heron]

Wouldn't it still be an issue it was a fast, forward head-on clash? Unless it was rather slow, a forward headbutt just seems like they would slide off each other due to the speed and shape (not ramming)?. Im aware we have dents in their domes, which is why I am curious because as you said, they did participate on head-on-head clash.

[vernal abyss]

https://youtu.be/ftR7u2LxpLI?si=5bjdcLOs3J2M4b6p

[pliant cedar]

i like extinct zoo, most of their info is good, the only thing i dislike is the fact that they have to portray every single animal as terrifying

[storm heron]

Then again, this assumes they were participating in straight forward head-on clash. Wouldn't be as much of an issue if they were primarily flank butting or head whipping, as you said.

[tacit pine]

So?

Any animal can be terrifying to a human tbh

[indigo cradle]

Pretending like these alien creatures wouldn't be terrifying to run into is ?

[tranquil quartz]

The most terrifying bird, the whale that terrorised the oceans, the theropod from hell, the giant apocalyptic sauropod

[ancient crystal]

"The horrific semi aquatic beast" only it's a video about Moo Deng

[umbral kite]

so u know how some animal can grow past the average size they were only .8 percent of the species population what if that was the ame as dino an otther pterosaurs they grow past the average makong thing grow largest so like a deinosuchos could grow twice as large how likly is this

[bright veldt]

dies of cringe

[clever pecan]

@last iron

[last iron]

[sudden wind]

We don't have a large enough and consistent sample to really say something about that. It can vary a lot, possibly be related to sexual dimorphism (which is unknown skeletally among non Avian dinosaurs) or even be absent in some modern taxon so trying to determine that in extinct ones is straight up almost impossible. The size variation can also possibly be caused by the animal's age and environmental condition that may or may not be optimal for their growth.

It'd be quite unscientific as we don't even have the average size of most dinosaurs. Though we do have some exceptionally large ones for some that have large sample (Edmontosaurus moment).

[pliant cedar]

yeah, but it feels like 90% of the video is trying to convince you why it would be scary, when looking at the animal alone should be enough

[hallow spear]

This isn’t a source. There are study’s that suggest pschyceogalosaura did not head but each other due to neck and skull morphology though

[sudden wind]

Then how come the skulls all show impact pathologies? Though I will agree they most likely didn't go muskox mod and probably were doing some more side to side headbutting.

Though I wonder how that applies to the flat headed relatives.

[hallow spear]

I havnt heard of them having impact pathologies could you link it?

[cloud breach]

What about the stegoceras paper

[sudden wind]

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=fr&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=pachycephalosaurus+head+butting&oq=Pachycephalosaurus+#d=gs_qabs&t=1730300433936&u=%23p%3DFX8t-5b6MSwJ

[hallow spear]

Thanks!

[cloud breach]

Didnt it said their cervical verts were literally built for it to lock in, they had a furrowed shape or something like that

[hallow spear]

This is what I’m referring to btw https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2023.2190369?journalCode=ujvp20

[sudden wind]

Just like Meraxes and Taurovenator

(though we aren't as far as we might think to headbutting Carcharodontosaurs imo)

[outer tusk]

pschyceogalosauea

[sudden wind]

PDF unavailable

[sudden wind]

Luckily for me my institution has access to it

OK so I see that your paper does cite the one I posted and disclaim it as :

• the specimens used are immature, so would not engage in headbutting that'd be more of a mature behavior
• show pathologies that cannot be assigned to intra specific confrontation and are more similar to that of animals going through rapid bone growth

So, I guess that headbutting in pachycephalosaurs is up the the air right now.

[honest cobalt]

I knew ark giga was big, but not that big!

[clever pecan]

Small compared to the titanosaur

[static stirrup]

I saw something about anomalocarididae evolving into centipedes but I can't find anything about it, does anyone have any papers about it?
not centipedes only any anomalo evolution

[umbral kite]

yea true but yhe thing is some dini nay gave frown bigger or larger byt they where very rare an some bird (i dont knew how true this info is ):Bald Eagles: Some individuals have wingspans well beyond the average of 6-7.5 feet, with some rare reports of over 8-foot wingspans.
Harpy Eagles: Known as one of the largest and most powerful eagles, harpy eagles usually have a wingspan of around 6.5 feet but can occasionally reach nearly 7.5 feet in rare cases.

[tough parcel]

https://vxtwitter.com/jgn_paleo/status/1850937250214994195?s=46&t=Xb3lbrGfv9PLTL_BMWIiuw

[indigo cradle]

Love Dr Napoli

[vast sedge]

Chat is this an accurate depiction of Arizonasaurus? (If it isn't then please ping me with one pls and ty)

[bright veldt]

That’s good yeah

[zinc solstice]

Could Yixianosaurus only glide or could it do powered flight, Like wich is more likely

[rancid glade]

Hey everyone, I was wondering what's the current consensus on Brachiosaurus rearing up on their back legs briefly?

Could they do it? Personally I think so to reach higher vegetation or to...umm well males would need to probably do that to do the deed with a female I'm guessing.

But I've heard a paleontologist say that it couldn't do it so thought I'd ask what you all think on this topic

[static stirrup]

Personally I can't imagine it doing it but I'm no expert

[compact leaf]

brachiosaurs were capable of it they would just need to be a little careful when coming down, losing balance would be a concern

[static stirrup]

do you happen to have any studies on it? i can only find ones saying it couldnt

[bright veldt]

I believe they could but they weren''t really that good at it or reasonably adapted to.

[jagged trellis]

they could seeing there isn't anything stopping em
but its quite a risky thing
also hi josh

[tough parcel]

There's a center of gravity study(?) that found while capable, it wouldn't be smart or really beneficial

[bright veldt]

They're already the tallest animals on Earth adapted to reaching high places. There probably was little reason to go even further beyond.

[static stirrup]

only sources i can find are wikipedia, reddit and dinotoyblog, dont really feel like trusting those

[tough parcel]

Wiki is fine, just look at the source

[bright veldt]

Thats the key and one of the easiest things to do really. Look at the claim on wikipedia. Does it have an actual source attached to it you can find and look at to verify and determine whether it's legit or not? Then it works. Does it not? Don't trust it. Wikipedia 101.

[static stirrup]

oh thats smart, and yeah no source so

[fluid inlet]

https://x.com/sislima4/status/1851595427423920464?s=46

𝓘́𝓼𝓲𝓼🦖 (@sisLima4) on X

Um novo espécime e possível espécie de Brachiosaurus muito mais completo foi encontrado e essa é sua aparência.

O brachiosaurus definitivamente não se parecia tanto com o giraffatitan...

Imagem divulgada no Instagram de Peter Larson.

Twitter · Oct 30, 2024, 12:02 PM

[pliant cedar]

they probably could, but i dont really see the point

[static stirrup]

On another topic, was at a museum today and thought a lot about how whales have so much fat, I've never really understood why we see animals like this everywhere but when it comes to paleontology reconstructions still give low amounts of fat to exinct animals

[warped peak]

Largely because Reptiles aren't mammals and don't have mammal type fat

[bright veldt]

Shrinkwrapping was a paleoart trend that has largely fallen out of favor nowadays. You don't really see that on modern paleoart. Something to keep in mind that is that just because it feels like flesh would be in a certain spot doesn't mean it actually is. Or that we don't actually know much therefore we can go nuts. There's a decent lot you can tell on the bones in terms of where muscles attach, and knowledge from reptiles and birds on how fat and skin is distributed.

[compact leaf]

parts of this skull seem to have been reconstructed incorrectly I wouldn’t take it at face value, the new species thing is fine but don’t trust that skull

[sudden wind]

Well, mammals are extremely efficient at fat storing in their tissues and organs. Reptiles on the other hand store fat in some deposits such as the base of their tail, thighs or cheeks. Also, reptiles getting "fat" is something that nearly never happen in the wild and is usually caused by over feeding in captivity.

Also whales are bad analogues because they are marine endothermic animals that usually swim in depth where temperatures get quite much lower than their body temperatures. So to conserve body heat, they developed blubber (same goes for Ichthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs, but Plesiosaurs weren't fat everywhere because of their foraging method).

[bright veldt]

This applies to mammals too. I've seen people ask why entelodont faces aren't reconstructed similar to hippos due to the initially similar appearance and close relation, but the details in the skulls show that the face tissue attached and was distributed very differently between the two animals.

[fluid inlet]

Those cheeks on entelodont … Jesus

[sudden wind]

Talking about cheeks : https://x.com/Paleoartologist/status/1851679327668318560?t=J84xYPlfd11G55xS4ZEAHQ&s=19

Hank Sharpe (@Paleoartologist) on X

Thanks to everyone who came out to see my talk at #2024SVP! If you missed it, we just got reviews back for the paper, not long now…

Twitter · Oct 30, 2024, 5:35 PM

[static stirrup]

so happy there are some accurate reconstructions of them though ❤️

[compact leaf]

more on this while I’m at it, but their reconstruction also doesn’t line up with the other known brachiosaurus skull material

[warped peak]

Erythrosuchus in a nutshell

[tough parcel]

It honestly is

[tough parcel]

I believe it was said a skull was found with the new material

[compact leaf]

yeah the skull pieces were found with some new species material they just don’t seem to have reconstructed it right, brick has seen the actual material and agreed with me that this seems off

[tough parcel]

Oh yea, I agree it looks quirky snirky but at the same time, I dunno 100% how much would change

[compact leaf]

at the very least it looks crushed in a few places, I think it was the quadratojugal random said was “really concerning”, the other skull gives a bigger nasal ridge so probably that too

[hallow spear]

their COM is right behind their forelimbs, just for reference specifically for Brachio

[compact leaf]

big day for talking about brachi I like it

[hallow spear]

Sauroposeidon COM, Brach is a few messages below

[light osprey]

You can still see the hippo’s zygomatic arch too

[hallow spear]

because reptiles arnt mammals, nor do archosaurs usually have a large amount of fat in areas that arnt the tail

[light osprey]

Does ectothermy affect adipose tissue distribution

[static stirrup]

i may have overlooked that part

[pliant cedar]

there is probably less overall cause the animal doesnt need as many calories as endotherms

[stiff osprey]

Nonavian reptiles are much worse at metabolizing fat compared to mammals, so obesity has a much higher fatality rate for them. I don't know if that's also the case for birds, though

[little mauve]

Many birds pack on fat seasonally for migration, they seem to handle it better than nonavians

[static stirrup]

How much fat is reasonable for a plesiosaur to be reconstructed with? Seeing a lot of different ones

[sudden wind]

https://www.ddinstagram.com/p/DBwVipJPfLu/

[static stirrup]

Got it thank you!

yet another question but

Do we know anything about how dinosaurs pupils? like would they share shape or would it variate more

[stiff osprey]

One thing we do know is that they weren't slitted like cats, with a few exceptions. Slit pupils are most effective for small predators (<40cm tall) that hunt in low light

[static stirrup]

What about horizontal pupils? I've seen a lot of paleoart depicting herbis with those

[stiff osprey]

Unlikely but not impossible, horizontal pupils exist because grazing mammals have mechanisms to rotate their eyes automatically. We don't know if grazing dinosaurs had those

[static stirrup]

sorry for bombarding you with questions 😭 would the average pupil be the round ones or?

[stiff osprey]

Circle pupils are safest, ye, because they work in all kinds of circunstances

And no worries

[static stirrup]

ic thank you for it all LOL

[stiff osprey]

You could give slit pupils to something like a tiny theropod, maybe compy (although idk if we have any evidence it hunted at night). Or horizontal ones to a primarily grazing herbivore, like idk, an ankylosaur

[tall prawn]

did you hear abt sues buff

[fluid inlet]

Maip the goat

[hallow spear]

wdym sues "buff"

[tall prawn]

its now 13 tons

[hallow spear]

no its not, i mean it could be.. but currently it is not

[fluid inlet]

13 ton sue

[tall prawn]

why do you always ruin the hype, just like you did with leviathan 😭

[fluid inlet]

The hype

[hallow spear]

maybe because instead of believing everything you read at face value without actually seeing if its right, you just take it like it was gospel

[fluid inlet]

I’m glad I didn’t buy that saurophanax model from PNSO, I trusted my gut.

[hallow spear]

Wait until the paper is out!

[tough parcel]

You could just call it Allosaurus

[hallow spear]

youd still ahve to call it Cf. Allosaurus, calling it Allosaurus itself would still be wrong

[fluid inlet]

There will be no allosaurus models in this household. I got annoyed today because people called Torvosaurus uninteresting and dull compared to allosaurus. I almost lost it. 😭🤣

[hallow spear]

(they are right)

[hallow spear]

Allosaurus is far more interesting, im sorry...

[sullen cairn]

quoteslife101.net

[worldly bluff]

Well at least megalosaurids look cool

[hallow spear]

so do Allosaurids(literally just Allosaurus and Sauro)

[stiff osprey]

I bought it and the post refused to send it to me

Evidence that the postal services were in on the saurophaganax conspiracy

[fluid inlet]

They took the bullet so you wouldn’t have to, noble of them.

The real king of the Jurassic. mutes phone 📱 📵

[gritty escarp]

I'm now questioning this but like how is allosaurus so liked in dinosaur community

[rich flame]

Idk if this was posted here before but umm

[gritty escarp]

Seems accurate

[tall prawn]

arist

[rich flame]

He’s so dumpy

[gritty escarp]

Funny enough I was going to ask for a spinosaurus skeleton reference earlier