You can view the compiled atlas in-game at any time. Texture fields for both entities and particle effects support not only paths but also atlas references. The 2 useful ones are "atlas.terrain" and "atlas.items".
I posted a video about this on Bluesky.
Fun fact: you can view compiled atlases in-game. Just use “atlas.items” or “atlas.terrain” as the texture in any particle or entity. I use this infrequently to double-check that my atlas size isn’t getting out of control.