I'd only tested this on player entities. You'd need to test it on others. Seemingly all of the attributes are configurable via entity components. For example, you could add this to a component group on the player to remap the absorption range to 0 to 40 and instantly give them 11 absorption hearts:
"minecraft:absorption": {
"value": 22,
"min": 0,
"max": 40
}
Possible but untested list of attributes:
minecraft:luckminecraft:healthminecraft:absorptionminecraft:knockback_resistanceminecraft:movementminecraft:underwater_movementminecraft:lava_movementminecraft:follow_rangeminecraft:attack_damageminecraft:player.hungerminecraft:player.exhaustionminecraft:player.saturationminecraft:player.levelminecraft:player.experience
I know you can, for example, directly set the player hunger, set and limit levels, etc. Most stuff here is untested, though.