💻┃code-beginner

[long jacinth]

in building.GetComponent<BuildingStats>().level < 0 im not referencing the copied buildings but the types

[stuck palm]

how can i fix these errors? using a sub class here

[verbal dome]

Need more info ofc.

Is it your own code/code that you can modify?

And show the code that those errors refer to @stuck palm

[stuck palm]

i can modify the code. when i double click they dont link back to a point in code

its just this repeating for a bunch of other field names

[verbal dome]

So you are using an asset for outlines?

Seems like that's where it's coming from

Or did you inherit from a class related to outlines

[stuck palm]

Im inheriting a class from this asset to do some slightly different things

[verbal dome]

Did you add outlineWidth to the inherited class?

[stuck palm]

no, the inherited class has no fields

it did when i took that screenshot, but when i took it out, the issue still persists

code still works as expected, though

[verbal dome]

What asset/package is this?

[stuck palm]

Quick Outline

[verbal dome]

The error suggests that they are doing something like cs class OutlineBase { [SerializeField] float xyz; } class Outline : OutlineBase { [SerializeField] float xyz; }

Can you edit the source code?

Or view it

[stuck palm]

Outline, in my case, is the OutlineBase in your example

[stuck palm]

yeah

outline just inherits from monobehaviour

[verbal dome]

What is StylisedOutline?

Oh thats your class

[stuck palm]

yeah

[verbal dome]

It all suggests that StylisedOutline has some duplicate field declarations. But if thats not the case then idk.

Could try recreating the StylisedOutline components and see if the message goes away

[swift crag]

Or any parent class

[verbal dome]

But that could be a pain if you have a lot of them

[swift crag]

interesting, though..

[verbal dome]

Apparently the inheritance is just MonoBehaviour -> Outline -> StylisedOutline

So I'm stumped

[stuck palm]

the base class uses properties, could that be something?

the errors dont seem to be happening anymore for some re ason

[verbal dome]

Not sure when those particulat errors appear, it feels a bit inconsistent

[stuck palm]

yeah

i suppose its fixed now

[severe onyx]

I have a script that automatically loops my background graphic when it's autoscrolling by shuffling a copy back to the right of the camera once it leaves the visible area to the left, but over time the two graphics start becoming misaligned... I tried solving this by moving the code from Update() using Time.deltaTime into FixedUpdate() and it mitigated it somewhat but there's still ugly seams visible every now and then and Im unsure how to guarantee the graphics will always stay at the same exact distance from one another. any ideas?

[opaque owl]

its happened again after upgrading then clearing my library folder (the only thing that could possibly be causing it is debugging in rider?, ive tried closing it though and it still wont reload properly)

update:
looks like its just the package manager not responding (in task manager)?

-# 6000.0.31f1

[verbal dome]

In this case it would be better to sample Time.time directly, instead of accumulating Time.deltaTime over time

If that's the issue here even

Though you should show your code

[severe onyx]

        {
            backgrounds[i].transform.Translate(Vector2.left * (ScrollSpeed * Time.deltaTime));
            if (backgrounds[i].transform.position.x <= -1 * width)
            {
                backgrounds[i].transform.position = new Vector2(19 * (backgrounds.Count - 1), 0);
            }
        }```

reverted back to Update() over FixedUpdate() while testing possible solutions

[verbal dome]

One thing you can do is to use the Profiler in Edit Mode and see what is taking so long.

Also try an empty scene

[opaque owl]

how would i do that?

[swift crag]

well there's your problem

let's imagine that it resets the position when X < 0

[severe onyx]

oh I already noticed a mistake I made in there anyways

[swift crag]

the problem is that, no matter how far you got past 0, the resulting position is always the same

Consider adding to the X position instead of just setting it

if (whatever.x < 0) {
  whatever += Vector3.right * 20;
}

This is a common error in code that accumulates a value over time

it's like doing this

delay -= Time.deltaTime;

if (delay <= 0) {
  delay = interval;
  // do something
}

It should be delay += interval; instead

and, even more accurately

while (delay <= 0) {
  delay += interval;
  // do something
}

in case the interval is so small that things need to happen many times per frame

[sharp wyvern]

Perhaps I misunderstand, but if you know the width of the backgrounds- why not adjust the position of the rightmost BG, leftward by the width of the other BG(s)?

[edgy schooner]

!bug

[eternal falcon]

Reporting bugs

🪲 To make bug reporting as quickly as possible, we made a bug reporting application for you. When running Unity choose Help->Report a Bug in the menu, or you can access it directly through the executable in the directory where Unity is installed. It will also launch automatically if you experience a crash.

📝 If your bug report is to do with Documentation, either an error, typo, or omission, you can report it by scrolling to the bottom of the page where you found the issue and click ‘Report a problem on this page’!

💡If your report is to do with a new feature idea, you can check the Unity Product Roadmaps page to see if your idea has already been planned.

For more complete instructions on how to report bugs, access: https://unity3d.com/unity/qa/bug-reporting

[severe onyx]

seems to work fine now but Ill keep an eye on it, ty

[feral verge]

Is there alternatives for drag in rigidbody3d?

[rough lynx]

Assuming you're working with Unity 6 right? I don't know if Unity2D has this but drag was renamed to lineardrag or something like that

If you search up lineardrag intellisense will know what you're trying to write

Yeah it's lineardrag

[feral verge]

Oh ok thx 👌

[swift crag]

It's called "linear damping" now

[rough lynx]

I was wrong rip

[feral verge]

Yeah

[rough lynx]

Seems like an awfully unhelpful name change. I would understand linear drag

[swift crag]

It's more accurate -- air drag is proportional to the square of your speed, but I'm pretty sure Unity's "drag" is proportional to your speed

[rough lynx]

Ah ok that makes sense

[opaque owl]

i think i have replicated the issue by using the script in the scene, making a change while debugging in rider?

[sharp wyvern]

never used that IDE, but generally, if you need to recompile- you need to first stop the debug session.

[opaque owl]

stopping the debug session and closing rider didnt fix it when it was frozen

ill try see if i can trigger it while not debugging

[verbal dome]

Rider performance is a bit sluggish for me, I wonder if it can even handle a debugger

[grand snow]

I get infinite domain reloads in 2022 I just kill unity and re open 😦

[opaque owl]

i cant remember how often it happens or whats happening when it happens because it feels random

[sharp wyvern]

indeed, the code will continue to run in unity, even if your not debugging it and have closed your IDE.

[grand snow]

Burst compiler has this problem update it if you can

[verbal dome]

Oh yeah - I used to have lots of issues caused by burst

[opaque owl]

this?

[verbal dome]

Crashes too

[opaque owl]

is there a way to disable it if its buggy then?

[steep rose]

remove it's package

[sharp wyvern]

ugh, thats the worst! alas, you NEED to figure that stuff out to fix it 😦

[opaque owl]

the button is grayed out

[grand snow]

It's depended on soo they cannot

[opaque owl]

i know 😭 unity 2019 never had these issues

[steep rose]

just now saw that

[opaque owl]

alteast i think it didnt?

[grand snow]

I reported this as a bug months ago they never responded to me 😭

[sharp wyvern]

agree with this suggestion- even if just to test it out

[opaque owl]

what if i delete package forcibly

jk unity will die i think

whats this?

[sharp wyvern]

Sometimes I just copy stuff into a new project for testing, to eliminate all the OTHER junk in my main.

[opaque owl]

oh hey guys im gonna try this

[grand snow]

They claim it's fixed but I don't think it was

[opaque owl]

ill say if it works

(disabling burst)

[verbal dome]

What unity version are you running btw

[opaque owl]

6000.0.31f

[verbal dome]

Oh oops its right there in the screenshot

[opaque owl]

yea lol

it didnt fix it :(

i swear its when i try to playtest + debug + i did a script change

[verbal dome]

Did you ever use the profiler to check what is happening?

[opaque owl]

i dont know how

also i gotta go but please tell me for when i come back 🙏

[verbal dome]

You open it from Window > Analysis > Profiler
Then make sure you are profiling Edit Mode and hit record:

Then you recompile

[opaque owl]

Wont it freeze with unity though?

[verbal dome]

It should still be collecting info in the background

[verbal dome]

^Or whatever it was that triggers the domain reload freeze

[swift crag]

well, if unity never comes back to life, then you're hosed

[opaque owl]

Does it redraw or will i have to read a log file?

[still elm]

Osmal, thanks for before I solved my isssue. You probobly do not remember but thanks.

Also another question

[verbal dome]

Not sure if it writes to a log file automatically or not

Does unity ever recover from the reloading domain state?

Like is it completely lost or does it just take long

[grand snow]

@opaque owl https://discussions.unity.com/t/getting-stuck-on-domain-reload/903896/131

[still elm]

I want players to enter a username upon player sprite death. Currently after death the main menu is shown, where users can quit or play again. However, Is it easier to create a new scene (containing an text input element) that displays before the main scene or to modify the main scene to display an input element after player died? Or is there another sollution I have not thought of...

[grand snow]

May be a rider specific thing

[verbal dome]

Damn that looks useful

[opaque owl]

My longest reload was like 22mins iirc

[verbal dome]

Will probably take even longer with profiler enabled

Check rob's link though, seems like it would give good info here.

[swift crag]

I'm always willing to blame the Version Control package

[opaque owl]

No fucking way i have to try this tysm

[grand snow]

Yea I need to try this too

[lament agate]

Hello, newbie in coding here. Can someone give me a tip about what to do in situation with null ? I tried to google it, but i dont really understand it. From my understanding null is lack of .. data? I have a script , but i dont understand how would it be a null, i followed every step in tutorial.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMWxCpLvrcc&ab_channel=Unity this is the tutorial i have been following for that

[slender nymph]

https://unity.huh.how/runtime-exceptions/nullreferenceexception

[swift crag]

Perhaps that class is using GetComponent (instead of having you assign references in the inspector)

Can you show us the script?

!code

[eternal falcon]

Posting code

📃 Large Code Blocks

Use links to services like:
https://gdl.space/, https://paste.ofcode.org/, https://hatebin.com/, https://paste.myst.rs/, https://hastebin.com/

📃 Inline Code

Surround code with three backquotes. Not quotation marks.
To format as C#, add cs to the first line:
```cs
// Your code here
```
Add a comment with a line number if there is an error message.

[slender nymph]

I'd wager that they aren't assigning anything at all, even with getcomponent. a null object from GetComponent should throw a different exception (which is precisely why it allocates in the editor when nothing is found)

[lament agate]

@swift crag

[swift crag]

(in the future, please use a paste site -- we don't get line numbers in Discord desktop, and it doesn't work well at all on mobile)

[slender nymph]

called it. animator is never assigned

[swift crag]

okay, notice how this script uses GetComponent<NavMeshAgent>() to find an agent

but it doesn't do that for the Animator

forgor

[opaque owl]

that didnt fix it FUCK

[verbal dome]

So this sample script just has a massive fault?

How did that slip thru?

[lament agate]

@swift crag oh it was that, indeed lol. Thank you.

[verbal dome]

Or did you make this script

[untold shore]

Hey quick question, what code do I use to get an image inside a script?
I have a script called "CardDisplay", and I want to get an image called cardSprites in it. But when I do this in the script I want to have access that image:

cardSprites = GameObject.Find("Cards/CardDisplay").GetComponent<Image>();

It won't get the image because of "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." Any ideas?

[lament agate]

@verbal dome are u asking me ?

[verbal dome]

Yeah

[runic lance]

did you check the editor logs already? https://docs.unity3d.com/6000.0/Documentation/Manual/log-files.html

[opaque owl]

im about to profile the editor lke osmal told me to

[lament agate]

@verbal dome the script comes from AI navigation package sample . I just simply followed the tutorial

[slender nymph]

the GameObject.Find call is not finding any object with that name. It is not advised to use Find to get a reference to an object. use a better way: https://unity.huh.how/references

[rough lynx]

unity.huh.how

That's a gold domain name

[untold shore]

Thanks!

Literally lol.

[grand snow]

That thread I linked has a unity employee reply how to make it log what threads are making it be stuck

[opaque owl]

oh ok

[opaque owl]

https://hastebin.skyra.pw/raw/coxukufigo
heres the logs just after i ended unity (1min domain freeze)

(i didnt ping bc idk if u wanted a ping)

[verbal dome]

I dont see anything that takes more than ~12 milliseconds there

[verbal dome]

Wdym ended unity? Did you kill the application while it was frozen in domain reload?

[opaque owl]

yea because i waited a reasonable(?) amount of time

normally domain reloads take less than 16seconds

for me atleast

[verbal dome]

I assume that it logs things only after they are completed

So killing it while it is frozen would not let it log the thing that is actually taking long

Just assumptions though.

[opaque owl]

i enabled that thread thing rob was talking about too

[grand snow]

I presume it will log that if the unity person bothered to even post that.

[verbal dome]

I would let it take as long as it takes and then check the logs

[opaque owl]

it hangs tho?

[swift crag]

Yeah, you generally need to get past the bad part

I guess you could start stabbing at unity with a debugger

[verbal dome]

For 20 minutes? Worth the wait.

[grand snow]

When I get this it never completes it's broken for ever

[opaque owl]

it never responded

[visual linden]

Waiting a minute for a domain reload Is a reasonable time. Make sure you're on the latest version of Unity and investigate to see if perhaps one of your plugins or assets is what's causing the long domain reload. Occasionally it's an editor bug, but a lot of the time it's code hooking into reload callbacks.

[opaque owl]

i waited like 20-23 mintues

and i killed it because i forgot i left it open

[rich adder]

delete library folder, refresh
always fixes weird hangs for me

[swift crag]

we're trying to figure out if anything useful appears in the logs

[opaque owl]

tried that

[swift crag]

there is an Evil Gremlin

[grand snow]

Best I figured out was burst compiler threads were still running when I last looked into it

[verbal dome]

Just let it do the whole domain reload and check thelogs afterwards.

[swift crag]

It doesn't die if you have a compile error, right?

[opaque owl]

ive disabled burst

[swift crag]

I'd add a gratuitous typo and then load into safe mode

[opaque owl]

it wont ever finish the reload though

[swift crag]

actually, that would stop pretty much all asset importing, so that might not be useful

[opaque owl]

is my unity just cursed sfm style 😭

[grand snow]

I'm soo used to it I kill unity if it takes more than like 10s and re open

[verbal dome]

Standalone profiler could help too.
(You can use that for edit mode, right?)

[swift crag]

I used to experience a lot of random freezes in 2022-ish Unity

no more, though

[opaque owl]

tried that and it didnt really do anything

ill try again

[verbal dome]

Wdym didnt do anything

It didnt collect data?

[opaque owl]

well it just didnt report anything new ig?

one sec ill redo

[verbal dome]

I guess it won't report anything until it unfreezes

[still elm]

Is it possible to call a method from one scene in anoter scene?

[verbal dome]

So yeah, problematic

[opaque owl]

is this bad?

it just appeared when i loaded the profiler not during the reload

[verbal dome]

Could be

Do you use probuilder?

If not, remove it

[opaque owl]

no

ok

[verbal dome]

Yeet it

[dusty ember]

Does anyone have a tutorial for moving 2d instantiated objects forward the direction they're facing?

[swift crag]

Given the Transform of the object, you can get transform.right or transform.up

(transform.forward would be into the screen in a 2D game)

This tells you which direction you want to move in

[wintry quarry]

There are many different ways to move objects, so there's nothing that will be useful in general. What Fen said about the directions is correct. Use those with whatever your movement code is.

[swift crag]

You actually have two smaller problems here!

• How do I know which way to move?
• How do I move?

The second point will vary. Maybe you have a Rigidbody2D, or maybe you're just pushing transforms around

[opaque owl]

it just stops updating when unity freezes, even though its the standalone one

also removing probuilder didnt fix it

i think if i am
in play mode + just was debugging a script with breakpoints in rider + make a change to said script THEN
stop playmode (i have only compile after playmode on iirc) -> reload domain freeze

[swift crag]

I wonder if attaching a debugger to unity would reveal anything interesting

I was doing that while trying to diagnose editor freezes

(it's very confusing and complicated)

[runic lance]

does that happen on an empty project?

[opaque owl]

can #nullable enable cause issues?

[runic lance]

it shouldn't, never seen it cause any issues

[brittle maple]

Ok, I have been banging my head on this problem for the last few hours, im working on a first person camera, the code is correct but the camera just moves 2 or less degrees and then instantly resets to 0, has anyone else encountered this problem?

[swift crag]

Show us your code, as well as the inspector for the player object.

!code

[eternal falcon]

Posting code

📃 Large Code Blocks

Use links to services like:
https://gdl.space/, https://paste.ofcode.org/, https://hatebin.com/, https://paste.myst.rs/, https://hastebin.com/

📃 Inline Code

Surround code with three backquotes. Not quotation marks.
To format as C#, add cs to the first line:
```cs
// Your code here
```
Add a comment with a line number if there is an error message.

[brittle maple]

Im confused as to what you want me to do here, its just text...

[swift crag]

use https://paste.ofcode.org to share the script you're writing

[brittle maple]

https://paste.ofcode.org/Fu6gsFEKvQdhNcPwP4fnx9 https://paste.ofcode.org/iEK39DpgB8B4a7KT5AJn4k

[swift crag]

Nothing in here is setting the rotation of the camera

[verbal dome]

Theres two scripts

[swift crag]

Oh

[brittle maple]

Ye xD

[verbal dome]

Sneaky

[swift crag]

You're directly setting the rotation of the player's transform

This is a problem because the Rigidbody also does that every frame

It's going to clobber whatever changes you tried to make

Consider setting the rigidbody's rotation!

[verbal dome]

You are using the mouse delta for camera rotation

[swift crag]

oh, that too

[verbal dome]

This will not be added together over time, it's just how much your mouse moved this frame

[brittle maple]

hmmmm yes yes, very valuable info.

[verbal dome]

I usually keep track of the camera's X and Y angles in the camera script and add the mouse input to those values

While clamping them

Then I apply that rotation to my camera

[swift crag]

yep -- just sum up the changes over time

[verbal dome]

Well, just clamping the X really

[brittle maple]

I will try...

ok but where the hell is the rotation of the rigidbody being reset? Or where is the rigidbody resetting the rotation of the camera?

[swift crag]

the rotation of the camera is proportional to that frame's mouse input

if you stop moving the mouse, the camera goes to [0,0,0]

because lookX and lookY are zero

that's why you need to add up values over time

You also have a problem with the rigidbody, though. Since Interpolate is on (which you want), it's updating the transform's position and rotation every frame

Whatever changes you make are ignored

You'll need to get the player's rigidbody and set its rotation for the left-and-right rotation

[verbal dome]

Plus, you want to do camera rotation in Update or LateUpdate instead of FixedUpdate

[swift crag]

yeah, it'll look gross otherwise

[verbal dome]

Otherwise it might not update each frame

Since FixedUpadte isn't necessarily called each frame

[swift crag]

I like to force the camera to look in exactly the right direction in LateUpdate (not just setting the up-and-down rotation)

[brittle maple]

I did add them up, now the Player (aka rigidBody) is rotating but the camera isnt.

[verbal dome]

Show updated code

[brittle maple]

ye sry, i updated the links ( the code), idk if I did it correctly 😅

[verbal dome]

This is not addition:

[brittle maple]

Wait, I got it to work, only the X is reversed but I can just reverse it back, and rigidbody's movement is not good...

[verbal dome]

Yeah, there are more issues

You are rotating your player with player.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, lookY, 0);
Since the player has a rigidbody this is incorrect, you shouldn't modify a rigidbody's transform directly

Use something like rigidbody.MoveRotation() instead, and enable interpolation on the rigidbody

Although, the camera rotation relying on the rigidbody's rotation is just asking for trouble..

Also you are still rotating the camera in fixedupdate

[brittle maple]

I updated the code again.

[verbal dome]

Post new link here, it's easier than going back and forth

What type of game is it btw, first person? 3rd person?

[brittle maple]

https://paste.ofcode.org/3EUFtDES2aFDWHYTBv8juk
https://paste.ofcode.org/jac3gqN8yqjRc2Ab6rvrPE

[brittle maple]

First person

Im just making anything, so I can learn syntax for when I actually start working on a game

[verbal dome]

Start with rotating the rigidbody correctly instead of using transform

[brittle maple]

That seemingly changed nothing.

[verbal dome]

What did you do?

You can post small code snippets with backticks. #💻┃code-beginner message

[brittle maple]

swapped rigidbody.transform with moveRotation

rigidBody.MoveRotation(Quaternion.Euler(0, cameraY, 0));

[still elm]

I have a scoreTable script called scoreTable in my main Scene. It is attached to an empty gameObject. I want to from my other scene where the game is running on be able to from a script there to call a method from the scoreTable, called AddHighScireEntry. is it possible?

Thanks in advance

[steep rose]

Just a heads up , you are setting the Y velocity of the rigidbody to zero always and also consider using lateupdate for smoother camera movement.

[brittle maple]

Yeah I saw that, that is also messing with its falling speed, its annoying!!!!! Thanks for the tip.

[steep rose]

just use rb.linearvelocity.y or rb.velocity.y where the zero should be

[still elm]

Maybe dontdestroyonLoad would work?

[brittle maple]

Ok so that causes my player to fly away if I turn and walk at the same time.

[rich adder]

DontDestroy just puts the gameobject into its own scene called DDOL.
Anything there CAN be accessed from other scenes, but not through the inspector , You can access it with a singleton or clever Dependency Injection

afaik something like FindObjectByType only works in the Active scene

[still elm]

hmm, I will look at that then

is that the best way to do it do you think?

[rich adder]

cross scenes, usually yes

https://unity.huh.how/references/cross-scene-references
https://unity.huh.how/references/singletons
https://gamedevbeginner.com/singletons-in-unity-the-right-way/

[still elm]

Thanks

I will read

[untold shore]

Hey, how do I change the source image to a new sprite from the "Card Image Randomization" Script?
Here's the code from the Randomization Script. Whenever I look at trying to figure out how to change source images, it keeps being weird.

    public void Start()
    {
        AddCardImage();
        
    }

    public void AddCardImage()
    {
        cardSprite = mainCardSprites[Random. Range(0, mainCardSprites.Length)];
    }
}

Thanks

Oh hey spawn!

[rocky canyon]

imageComponentReference.~~image ~~sprite = yourimage;

for a sprite renderer its spriteRenderer.sprite = yoursprite;

[swift crag]

Image also uses the sprite property

[swift crag]

what does "being weird" mean?

Your code selects a random sprite from the list and then puts it into cardSprite. It doesn't do anything eles.

[untold shore]

As in the source image isn't changing, but when I look up to see how to fix it, I can't see how. Going to try Spawn's rq...

[swift crag]

well, yeah

you aren't doing anything to the Image component

so nothing will happen

you equally should not expect the color to suddenly become red!

[untold shore]

That's true 😅 Sorry, Im very new, didn't even know it was going to be image component. Thanks!

[flat sphinx]

where's hte "set up UT" button

oh ok i need apackage for this

[slender nymph]

what is "UT" in this context?

[rich adder]

btw usually hit up #💻┃code-beginner nvm me lol /lostdiscorder

[slender nymph]

did you forget where you are again?

[untold shore]

I believe Im in code beginner, did I mess something up? Apologizes if I did.

[steep rose]

Fly away?

[slender nymph]

nah, i think nav might have just gotten confused

[untold shore]

Hey Spawn and Fen, don't know if yall are still in here but wanted to say thanks for the help!

[flat sphinx]

unit testing

[slender nymph]

the test runner package should already be installed, unless you've gone and uninstalled it yourself. you can read about how to use it here: https://docs.unity3d.com/6000.1/Documentation/Manual/testing-editortestsrunner.html

[rocky canyon]

you right.. it is sprite for either or.. idk why i was thinking .image
also.. is this that "intellicode" i keep hearing about? lol..
first time using in ages. i disabled Co-Pilot but had forgotten about intellicode..

[flat sphinx]

need a random unit test for "da grade" and am assuming unity made it more convoluted than "just doing a unit test in cshart"

[rocky canyon]

i was like "daaaang.. studio has gotten smarter since last i used it" 😅

[flat sphinx]

oh

found it

yeah scrap that question

ok an actual question this time around
how do i access obj instances through a test script without making said script execute every frame

(which i assume [UnityTest] is doing)

[slender nymph]

you should really read the documentation about the test runner package

[rich adder]

ops yea lol

[flat sphinx]

doesnt help much

[slender nymph]

considering there is an entire course that takes you through exactly how to use the package with excellent examples, exercises to complete (and their solutions) right in the package documentation, i sincerely doubt that it doesn't help much

[rich adder]

traitor ! jk

[flat sphinx]

can you juts tell me how do i reference my GameManager from a test

[slender nymph]

does it exist in the test?

[flat sphinx]

take a guess

[slender nymph]

no

[flat sphinx]

correct

[slender nymph]

so if it does not even exist, it isn't a matter of getting a reference to it, you need to instantiate it

crazy how that works, right?

[flat sphinx]

well i cant instantiate it if it doesnt even recognize its type

[slender nymph]

ah and here we come to the actual problem. you didn't read the documentation about setting up asmdefs for your project.

[flat sphinx]

soo "get bent"

cool

[slender nymph]

sure, if "go read the actual instructions instead of asking redundant questions that are answered by the instructions" is the same as "get bent" then yes, get bent

your idea of "the instructions don't help because i didn't read them" is not appreciated here

[queen adder]

why does this thing have to exist, is this even useful?

[white yew]

Do you know how assembly definition works?

[rich adder]

what does what?

[queen adder]

lowercase unity struct

[flat sphinx]

i can guess what it does

[slender nymph]

https://docs.unity3d.com/Packages/com.unity.mathematics@1.3/manual/index.html

provides vector types and math functions that have a shader-like syntax, similar to SIMD or HLSL. The Burst compiler uses Unity Mathematics to compile C#/IL code into highly efficient native code.
that is why it exists

[white yew]

Don't guess, Learn how it works. Assembly definition will help you reference components for your test suite.

[flat sphinx]

i assume its tangentially related to "hey use this stuff"

[slender nymph]

don't make assumptions. make an effort to learn

[swift crag]

yes, that's "Intellicode"

[native flame]

Holy crap you guys are toxic

Yikes

[swift crag]

OK

[slender nymph]

let me guess, you're a reddit outrage tourist?

[rich adder]

new profile, checks out

[flat sphinx]

eyyyup

[steep rose]

nah they are just playing

[slender nymph]

"read the documentation" is not toxic.

[native flame]

But you are

[rich adder]

spoonfeeding every step would be more "toxic" because they wont learn

[swift crag]

when you assume, you make an ass out of u and me 😉

[flat sphinx]

it is how you word it

[native flame]

I would strongly recommend making some friends

They help when it comes to social skills

[flat sphinx]

also no im not forming conclusions on the server as a whole on you alone

[rich adder]

if you dont have anything useful to contribuite or help, you should refrain from posting just to stir shitup

[slender nymph]

can a <@&502884371011731486> clean up this off topic nonsense

[swift crag]

assembly definitions determine which assembly each script file is associated with

importantly, they also include a list of assemblies that'll be referenced

[flat sphinx]

if im being told to "read the documentation", not being given a link, and the only one i could find leads to a rabbit hole of jumping through doc pages
yeah i'd call that dick behaviour

[slender nymph]

right so you decided to specifically say that the documentation was not helpful, then you almost immediately demonstrated that you didn't bother reading it and assumed i was just telling you to get bent.
the toxicity is on your end, mate. but that's okay i don't have to help you

[swift crag]

that is how i'm reading this, yes

[slender nymph]

literally the first thing i did was give a link to the documentation #💻┃code-beginner message

[queen adder]

🍿

[flat sphinx]

oh

fuck im blind

yeah mb

[rich adder]

too busy ragin, less reading

[swift crag]

this is non-helpful

[flat sphinx]

wait nvm it is the convoluted shit

[rich adder]

tbh personally dont find unit test as useful in games as I do in regular apps

[swift crag]

I prefer other kinds of analysis

I wrote some tools to scan for missing serialized references, for example

a bunch of validators!

[rich adder]

there are just so many possibles with games its diffcult to unittest

[white yew]

Is there anything wrong with this documentation, @flat sphinx : https://docs.unity3d.com/6000.0/Documentation/Manual/assembly-definition-files.html

[flat sphinx]

they can still be useful in very very large-scope games

[rich adder]

they can but there are better ways imo

[swift crag]

then I just violently soak-test the game at 30x speed

[north kiln]

The answer is that if you're not using assembly definitions across your project you won't be able to reference that content

[flat sphinx]

probably? but im also not gonna split hairs over slapping a UT for "hey are you implementing all of these fields correctly" if polite asking is all your lang gives you

[swift crag]

If a script does not have an assembly definition, it gets thrown into Assembly-CSharp, which you can't reference explicitly

[flat sphinx]

or texture validification or such

[swift crag]

which is a problem, because the Unity Test Framework looks for tests in code that's explicitly put into an assembly

You can, however, just throw everything into a new assembly definition. That's roughly how my game is set up right now.

Everything in the scripts folder is in the "GameName" assembly by default

[north kiln]

Except you'll need to handle Editor folders

[swift crag]

I punted the editor folder out of the scripts folder 😛

[flat sphinx]

thank you

[swift crag]

A folder named "Editor" puts its scripts into the Assembly-CSharp-Editor assembly by default.

which references Assembly-CSharp

[north kiln]

Generally that's correct. As you can have them everywhere, some projects are more difficult

[swift crag]

I'd have done an explicit editor asmdef if I had anything more complex going on

[runic lance]

why not create a proper editor asmdef?

[flat sphinx]

any place to peek the defined assemblies?

[swift crag]

i haven't had a reason to yet!

[swift crag]

Your IDE should have a list of every assembly

[north kiln]

But yeah a single root for runtime scripts and one for editor (if any) per logical group is the typical asmdefs setup

[swift crag]

You can also search the project window for t:asmdef

[flat sphinx]

vsc

[swift crag]

yeah, it still has an assembly list

see..."Solution Explorer"?

yeah, there should be a Solution Explorer window

you can focus on it from the command palette if needed

[flat sphinx]

OH

yeah i see it

[swift crag]

I dunno if Unity has a straight-up list of the assemblies it knows about

[north kiln]

Does that actually work? I've always assumed you need an editor asmdef to reference the runtime assembly

[flat sphinx]

assumed theres nothing in the explorer view besides files cuz of how barebones it typically is

[rich adder]

everything is an .asset in unity

[swift crag]

everything is auto-referenced by Assembly-CSharp still

(well, I made my giant game assembly auto-referenced, at least)

[north kiln]

Oh right that makes sense

[swift crag]

so the default editor assembly eventually sees it

[north kiln]

Trash, but makes sense lol

[swift crag]

I don't think I have anything inside Assembly-CSharp!

nevermind, one random constants file

(used by a build tool)

[flat sphinx]

damn

[swift crag]

none game with left beef

[flat sphinx]

barely use c# this is word salad to me

[rich adder]

thats more of a unity thing than c# related

[swift crag]

.asset is a generic extension used by many unity assets

I have a ton of localization tables that all use that extension

% find Assets -name '*.asset' | wc -l
    2423

kersplat

[flat sphinx]

eee @swift crag like this?

[swift crag]

every scriptable object asset will also be an .asset file

[swift crag]

That's the default assembly that Unity throws everything into, yeah

[rich adder]

in file explorer only thing that doesnt are raw files like .cs or .png etc.

[flat sphinx]

cool

[north kiln]

You don't manually edit the assemblies, you need to use the assembly definitions in Unity

[swift crag]

just having a peek, I imagine

[flat sphinx]

ama restart vsc or sm then cuz intellisense still refuses to gimme the class

[north kiln]

But yeah you can see that the default assembly will reference everything, but references can't be two way so there's no way for the test assembly to reference it

[swift crag]

If you want to run tests on your game's code, you'll need to throw all of your game's script assets into a new assembly (an asmdef in the "Scripts" folder will do). This will cause a giant pile of errors.

You then need to explicitly reference each assembly your code depends on. It should be pretty intuitive based on the names of the assemblies and the errors you're getting

You can then reference your game assembly from the test assembly

mmm, assemblies!

[flat sphinx]

the .asmdef files created through "create: tests assembly folder"?

[ebon sapphire]

Hey so i got a question... I'm wanting to learn coding so i don't have to rely on outside sources, but where can I go to do so?

[flat sphinx]

if so then yes thats what im doing

[swift crag]

I presume you're following https://docs.unity3d.com/Packages/com.unity.test-framework@1.4/manual/workflow-create-test-assembly.html ?

[flat sphinx]

nah im just pressing buttons that look like they lead me to workingening

[swift crag]

consider following the tutorial, then

[flat sphinx]

graaargghghh fiiiiine

[north kiln]

https://docs.unity3d.com/6000.0/Documentation/Manual/assembly-definitions-creating.html
Creating an Assembly Definition asset
You will need to do this to encapsulate your own runtime scripts so the test assembly can reference your scripts via this asset

[swift crag]

er, vice-versa

the test assembly references the game assembly

[flat sphinx]

that somehow just made it workse

vsc wont pick up intellisense in the test folder anymore

[swift crag]

I would kill VSCode, regenerate project files (Preferences -> External Tools), then reopen VSCode

I'm pretty sure I had to do that after creating a new assembly

[flat sphinx]

fun

[swift crag]

I also had a really funny issue once where all of my .csproj files had everything in them twice for

some reason

even when regenerating project files! it was very weird

I just nuked all of the .csproj files to fix that

[flat sphinx]

well it works now

now i can actually write the test

yippie!

ok so how do i tell if a class' member is actually set and not the weird voodoo not-set that unity seems to populate non-nullable GameObject vars with

field w/e

[short hazel]

field != null will do it

== and != are overriden by Unity so they check for the "fake null" state of Unity objects

[flat sphinx]

👌

[short hazel]

As a complement, avoid using x is null, ?., ??, ??= on Unity types (the ones deriving from UnityEngine.Object) - these bypass the fake null check and you can get exceptions with these, as the object will be destroyed but not null yet

[flat sphinx]

noted

probably wont be using most of these anyways
besides ?., im a big fan

buzzkill

[rich adder]

?. only works on c# objects System.Object

like Action

etc

coroutines you can use ?? since they are regular Coroutine(YieldInstruction object) / IEnumerator methods

[short hazel]

Debug.Log(myVariable is not UnityEngine.Object): with this you can know whether you can use the null-operators on the type. If you get "True", all good, else avoid

[flat sphinx]

h m

[north kiln]

h m

[flat sphinx]

h m

so how do i wait until Start() has executed

yield return null before stuff?

nop that didnt work

prolly breaks cuz its not initing it in the first place but then uhhhhghghhghg how do i init it proper

cuz the Initialize() whatever it was called i don t think includes editor mods

[teal viper]

If you can't provide a dependency, you'd usually use a dummy object.

Or refactor your code such that it works well without that dependency.

Which might make the test useless. Honestly, I wouldn't get into automated tests as a beginner.

[heavy knoll]

Anyone know how to go about using inheritance for mineable/harvestable resource nodes for a survival game? Should i have a base class called resources and then a derived class for stone/gold/iron/wood/logs? Or should i sort it even more by having a base resources class then stone and wood each deriving from it and then from stone have iron/gold deriving from stone and then from wood have logs or different tree types deriving from wood?

[thorny basalt]

Isn’t resource nodes a godot thing?

[heavy knoll]

oh i just mean like resource nodes as in mineable objects in a survival game

[rich adder]

they're trying to abstract their game objects

[thorny basalt]

Oh wait nevermind.

[rich adder]

how much do you plan on doing each resource? do they need to be classes? some stuff can just be a simple enum or SO

[thorny basalt]

It depends in behaviour that you expect each to do.

[ripe shard]

i think you need to start at the beginning

i.e. gameobjects + components

[rich adder]

Resource : ScriptableObject Wood : Resource
etc.

[swift crag]

If each kind of resource "behaves" the same way, there is no need to have a class for each resource

just create a scriptable object asset for each one and reference that whenever you need to identify a resource type

[rich adder]

true

[swift crag]

You can attach things like the name and the graphics to that asset

To me, a "resource" is just an identifier

You staple a name, description, sprite, etc. to the identifier

[heavy knoll]

hmmm not exactly sure yet. Just wanna have like stone/iron/gold/wood atm and have them be able to be mined with a specific tool so stone can be mined with a low lvl pickaxe and wood with a low level axe. Then iron/gold will require higher tier tools. Also having each resource have a different set amount of items it can drop, the resource name, description.

[swift crag]

This could be a property of the "resource nodes" rather than the resource itself

but if it is a property of the resource, then you can just add more fields to Resource

[rich adder]

like recipes?
so much easier with SOs

[swift crag]

Also having each resource have a different set amount of items it can drop, the resource name, description.

so hang on a second...

You're describing a thing you can go and break to receive items

[heavy knoll]

Yea

different kinds of stones/ores/trees and stuff

[swift crag]

I see. I misunderstood your original question

I was thinking about the things you get from mining, not the things you mine

[heavy knoll]

ooh all good

[thorny basalt]

String name. Int minToolLevel. String description. Enum toolType.

[swift crag]

I'd consider putting that data into the "resource node" prefab

You can have a list of valid ways to gather than resource node

maybe "pickaxe with at least 50 power"

[thorny basalt]

You wouldn’t need inheritance. Though if you do later on you can use composition.

[swift crag]

Yeah, no inheritance here at all

unless you have complex resource-gathering mechanics

in which case you'd have different classes for different "modes"

[heavy knoll]

oh i thought this would be a good spot to use inheritance

oops

[swift crag]

like, if you have a deeply complex wood-chopping simulation, then yeah -- you're going to need code for that

But if every node is harvested by smacking it with a tool, then you don't need any special logic

[thorny basalt]

You only need it when the logical operations are changing.

[heavy knoll]

i mean wood might be different than stone as i'd need an axe to mine it or a pickaxe to mine the stone

[swift crag]

That's not conceptually different, though

you're just smacking it with a different tool

"different" would be something like requiring a unique minigame to be played

vs. just beating the crap out of the rock

[heavy knoll]

wait so how do i do different resource nodes like that though without having to make an entirely new script from scratch for each one?

[swift crag]

You'd have one ResourceNode class that stores a few things

• What you get for breaking the node
• What you need to break the node

notably

The way I see, there's a spectrum.

One end is "unique class for every single thing". This is ridiculous because there's probably a lot of common behavior between different things in your game -- a blue skeleton works a lot like a red skeleton.

One end is "one class for everything". This is ridiculous because this class has to be flexible enough to do absolutely everything, even though it's very unlikely that every "thing" in your game needs to be able to do every possible interaction.

[wintry quarry]

By having each instance of it contain different data

[thorny basalt]

If absolutely everything needs a different class you should use something like bytecode instead.

[heavy knoll]

so i'd just have the ResourceNode script that'll have all the important data and stuff in variables about the nodes stats and some methods on in involving the breaking of it?
and i just use that same script on each gameObject?

[swift crag]

Right. You'd have one ResourceNode component.

Now, each prefab could have very different art assets on it

one might just be a rock; another could be a very large crystal with an elaborate animation when it breaks

This is a very important skill: realizing when two things that look different are actually the same concept

[heavy knoll]

what if i wanted the tree to be a bit different from the stone in the future though like only the tree could get burned down by some fire element damage and if it got burned down than it wont drop anything or something like that

[rich adder]

put a Flammable component or something that destroys object when consumed by flame

[flat sphinx]

i just want a basic test to be able to say "i donded unit tests give me good grade"

dont care for all the ci fluff surrounding it

[heavy knoll]

also what about inheritance with items like tools armor and just normal items

should i use it with that

like items class

[thorny basalt]

Then yeah. You’d likely need inheritance for something like that.

[flat sphinx]

is annoying that i have to jump through hoops when i just want to check if vars in a list arent null

[heavy knoll]

then armor and weapons or consumables and resources

[heavy knoll]

ok

[thorny basalt]

Perhaps. You can have tools, armour, consumables, etc all derive from the items class.

[teal viper]

Does it have to be in unity? And even more so in what seems to be an actual project environment? If it's just a task to make a unit test, maybe write some simple console app and make a unit test for it?

[heavy knoll]

ok

[flat sphinx]

public bool fire_interaction(){
  if(!this.has_trait(TRAIT_FLAMMABLE))
    return
  [...]
}

[flat sphinx]

we need to make a full on game

that part i have down already

just need a test as a last-minute slapon

[thorny basalt]

Don’t use snake case :P

[flat sphinx]

yesnt

[teal viper]

Then either investigate why this test fails or write a different one.

[flat sphinx]

i mean its failing cuz im trying to reference a singleton that hasnt been initialized

which would be fine if half of its vars werent slapped on through the editor

as for "write a different one" am failing to think of any that wouldnt be pointless

[teal viper]

You need to implement an initializer for the test environment. That's part of writing tests.

[flat sphinx]

always had it handled for me uhghhhhhhhh

ok
so if im to do that im back to the "how do i set a gameobject variable through code"

[acoustic sequoia]

Hey 🙂
I have a question about how to handle and gameplay-pause and unpause system i'm trying to create. it's simple and it sounds like this:

first event: player levels up.

UpgradeSelectionUIAnimation() <--- waited for the pause to finish.

next event: player selects upgrade.

await GamePauseAnimation(!isPausing) <---- waited for the selection animation to finish before resuming.

this is the system i want to create and i've already create the player levels up bit.. but i made it using Coroutines...

Question:
should i be using async/await Task or continue using coroutines. I think i see an issue with this using coroutines.. but not sure exactly.

any help would be great. thanks

[teal viper]

gameObjectVariable = gameObjectReference

[flat sphinx]

cool
how do i sanely get gameObjectReference

[teal viper]

In various ways. The ideal one is assigning it in the inspector. The less ideal ones are using the Find methods to find it by name or to tag.

[flat sphinx]

yyyes i cant use the inspector for tests

i mean i can if i assign stuff directly

i think

but here im trying to test game_manager and that itself has its stuff set through inspector

[cerulean bear]

when I press play my character falls through the map and I can still jump no matter where my character is how to fix it

[flat sphinx]

and thats enough layers of editorening for the "working around it" making me ask if im testing the code or the test

[flat sphinx]

you didnt add a collider

[cerulean bear]

sorry incomplete screenshot

[flat sphinx]

you didnt add a collider

to the floor

either that or uncheck is trigger

[rich adder]

triggers dont collide

they are not solid

[flat sphinx]

dont collide*

tho ye in his case they just dont

[rich adder]

you would need two colliders if you want it to Collide with solids while still using OnTrigger

[cerulean bear]

wait so ground didn't have rigidbody

[rich adder]

Rigidbody is for moving objects

usually

colliders are what create solid ground/walls/objects..

[cerulean bear]

oh I just had to check provides contacts

but thx for the help

[rich adder]

uhh what

[lament agate]

Can someone give me a tip how to add this receiver? My "AI script" has target and i filled it with my other character. My animator has transition between Attack and Run. Unity newbie here

[slender nymph]

https://unity.huh.how/animation/animation-event/receivers

[green flame]

Can someone explain me how to dynamically create a GameObject ?
I would like to create this alien from c# and not from here (this will be a wave of mob) ^^

[lament agate]

@slender nymph im trying to understand it. I have three components, one is animator , one navmesh system, one AI target script. "Make a method matching the name of the event", what is an event? Is it like a parameter in Animator?

[rich adder]

make a prefab, use Instantiate

98% of the time you do not need to create a GameObject at runtime
(thats using the constructor as such. GameObject go = new() )

[slender nymph]

you have an animation event called PlayStep on your GrenadierWalkFast animation. was that intentional? if not then remove it, otherwise that is the event

[green flame]

Ok thx, where is the button ? Somewhere hidden in right click ?

[rich adder]

drag ur alien into the Project view that creates a Prefab, you can delete the one in the scene, then making a script with Field like Transform and put your prefab there, then you can call instantiate method and use that prefab referenced in the parameter

[lament agate]

@slender nymph yeah, i was searching for it. But the problem is.. i dont know where to find it : D Can it be in the animator?

[slender nymph]

it's on your animation
like the guide i linked even gives links to explain what window you need to open

[rich adder]

prefab learn / prefab manual
Instatiate

[flat sphinx]

is there a "review my code" channel

i want ppl to dunk on my math

[green flame]

Thank you! I'll read this 🙂

[rich adder]

pretty much code channel

explicitly ask for review

[flat sphinx]

h m

then
review my code k plz

specifically the update_aim part

im not convinced the math cnat be done easier

[dusty needle]

hey guys, im super new to all of this, and I was following along to a tutorial, and in the tutorial, the word Input goes green and the script works, but for some reason it doesnt work for me

[slender nymph]

configure your !IDE

[eternal falcon]

💡 IDE Configuration

If your IDE is not autocompleting code
or underlining errors, please configure it.

Select one:

• Visual Studio (Installed via Unity Hub)
• Visual Studio (Installed manually)
• VS Code
• JetBrains Rider
• :question: Other/None

[rich adder]

well first you should probably post it properly using links

[dusty needle]

me?

[rich adder]

yes you

[dusty needle]

uhh how do I do that? sorry im very new to all this 😭

[rich adder]

a configured IDE is what highlight the proper classes

click the Link

[slender nymph]

#💻┃code-beginner message

[flat sphinx]

pastebin?

[rich adder]

that site is shite
any of these in !code

[eternal falcon]

Posting code

📃 Large Code Blocks

Use links to services like:
https://gdl.space/, https://paste.ofcode.org/, https://hatebin.com/, https://paste.myst.rs/, https://hastebin.com/

📃 Inline Code

Surround code with three backquotes. Not quotation marks.
To format as C#, add cs to the first line:
```cs
// Your code here
```
Add a comment with a line number if there is an error message.

[restive ember]

There is links from the bot that show you how

[flat sphinx]

? y so

[dusty needle]

thanks

[rich adder]

heard there are sus malicous stuff going on, also the layout is fucking horrid, half the realestate space is wasted on "other scripts" and usually its crypto scams

[lament agate]

@slender nymph Sorry i know im dumb when it comes to Unity. But i ve searched all these lines and i cant find this PlayStep event anywhere here. Im on the GrenadierWalkFast clip, so its right place. Or am i in the wrong place?

[heavy knoll]

Anyone know how to fix this warning from popping up? Assets\KinematicCharacterController\Examples\Scripts\StressTestManager.cs(41,29): warning CS0618: 'Physics.autoSimulation' is obsolete: 'Physics.autoSimulation has been replaced by Physics.simulationMode'

[rich adder]

ops beat me to it 🦥

[heavy knoll]

i tried changing the Physics.autoSimulation to Physics.simulationMode and it didnt work

[flat sphinx]

h m

well anyways

https://hastebin.com/share/niyutilutu.csharp
rebieb plz

[rich adder]

simulationMode is probably an enum

and did you save after?

[lament agate]

@rich adder @slender nymph Thank you. Its indeed that.But i am unable to delete it. I guess its cuz of the clip being in the "read only" mode hmm....

[rich adder]

whats your main concern ?

[flat sphinx]

can update_aim be improved

[rich adder]

you should be able to in the original Asset of the animation in the Importer settings

[flat sphinx]

math-wise i mean

i suck at trig and kinda just botched stuff until it worked

[rich adder]

oh damm yeah you lost me at "math"

[flat sphinx]

damn

[rich adder]

jk but yeah im bad with trig.. maybe make a thread or post in #archived-code-general . its gona probably get buried here

[flat sphinx]

kk

ama do that tmrw tho

[lament agate]

@rich adder ok thx

[rich adder]

btw for setting position rotation , its more efficient to do it once
there is a method, transform.SetPositionAndRotation

[flat sphinx]

wayyy too fucked to take nay advice

[verbal dome]

You don't really need to do trig if you dont want to

What type of game is this, like what perspective?

[flat sphinx]

well i want to rotate + scale the arrow as i move my mouse so

[verbal dome]

Why is there a 90 degree offset in the x axis

[rich adder]

this snake casing is driving me mad

[flat sphinx]

isnt the default quad orientation upwards

[verbal dome]

Thats why i asked what perspective your game uses

Like is it 3D topdown, or just 2D

[flat sphinx]

ah fair

3d topdown

camera along the y axis, pointing down

[verbal dome]

Ok so things move in the X and Z plane

[flat sphinx]

ye

[flat sphinx]

jjoin the snake cultttt

dooo it

[verbal dome]

You could replace a lot of that with... cs Vector3 direction = mouse - transform.position; direction.y = 0; transform.forward = direction;

That's all you need to do to rotate

But ofc it does similiar trigonometry under the hood

[rich adder]

Ill tell you silly stuff , like cache your Renderer instead GetComponent doing it every frame

[flat sphinx]

oh damn

yyeaaha i probably should

[heavy knoll]

yea i saved after

[verbal dome]

^Actually you would rotate aim_arrow but yeah

[rich adder]

alright so what did you set the enum to? and what was it set to originally ?

the Asset creator never updated for the new API i guess

also those are just Obsolete warnings, they are not game breaking usually

[heavy knoll]

uh the lines just looked like this originally

[flat sphinx]

hmm rotate through that then direction.z += base_offset + scale_magic * magnitude?

that'd probably be better yeah

[heavy knoll]

i tried changing it to Physics.simulationMode like it said and it got the red squiggly lines under it and gave an error when trying to save

[flat sphinx]

any way to retrieve the coords from that to pass onto the shooting code tho?

[swift crag]

well, what was the actual error?

you can't just stop at "i saw an error"

[heavy knoll]

Assets\KinematicCharacterController\Examples\Scripts\StressTestManager.cs(41,29): error CS0029: Cannot implicitly convert type 'UnityEngine.SimulationMode' to 'bool'

[rich adder]

i told you its an enum now

https://docs.unity3d.com/2023.2/Documentation/ScriptReference/SimulationMode.html

[slender nymph]

if you don't use the example stuff you can also just delete it

[swift crag]

you've tried to take the logical negation of an enum

which is non-meaningful

it's like asking for "not 3"

idk...6?

[flat sphinx]

smh thats obviously 0

[heavy knoll]

i just looked at that but i dont rlly get that means or how to change it so it works the same way it did as before

[swift crag]

Cannot implicitly convert type 'UnityEngine.SimulationMode' to 'bool'

You have an object of type UnityEngine.SimulationMode

You tried to use the ! operator on it

The ! prefix operator only works with a bool

Therefore, C#'s only optino is to try to convert a UnityEngine.SimulationMode into a bool

It's an implicit conversion because you didn't do anything to try to convert it

a lot like writing int x = 1; float y = x;

x implicitly converts from int to float

[swift crag]

The compiler finds no way to achieve this, and so you get an error

[rich adder]

You cannot do it like before without thought out modification

since you cannot negate a enum like a bool as mentioned

also now you have those 3 modes so you have to know which one you need and more importantly why

[swift crag]

An enum type represents a set of options

[rich adder]

I have not used KCC recently so not sure

[swift crag]

public enum Color {
  Red,
  Green,
  Blue
}

They're commonly used for making a choice

[rich adder]

My guess, flopping between FixedUpdate and Script with current option

[heavy knoll]

ok, ya idrk which one is the same as Physics.autoSimulation either

[rich adder]

since this has to do with physics, you're just switching betwene fixedupdate and script

[heavy knoll]

how do i select FixedUpdate then Script?

[rich adder]

simple if/else statement, or something more fancy with bitshift ig?

[heavy knoll]

ok

[rich adder]

disabled = physics.simulationMode == SimulationMode.Script

assuming disabled wants that and not the opposite disabled = physics.simulationMode != SimulationMode.Script

[heavy knoll]

also i got another question about this, should the ResourceNode script be inheriting from Monobehaviour, and did i do this mainly the correct way so i can add it to each unique type of resource https://paste.ofcode.org/hzCbYxY8XtjZ3mRGX6rUDj

[rich adder]

if its a component(placed on a gameobject) it needs to inherit MB

why are you declaring enum in there

[heavy knoll]

uh idk someone gave example of what to add for the things i wanted each node to potentially have and they said this:
String name. Int minToolLevel. String description. Enum toolType.

[rich adder]

declaring the type as field/prop is different than defining the type

[rocky wyvern]

Put it outside the class

It looks like you’re trying to define some data

[rich adder]

irrelevant , you still need a field for it

[rocky wyvern]

That has sort of ‘default’ values for a type of node

Like an iron node always needs x tool level and drops 10 iron is that correct?

In that case monobehaviours that you attach to objects doesn’t really seem like what you want to be doing

[swift crag]

the premise here is to have a single ResourceNode component type

each prefab will have a different configuration of the ResourceNode

[heavy knoll]

yea like i wanna have the resourcenode script as the base class for other objects, so if i make and iron node i can set it to need like tool level 2 has lets say 20 iron total and drops 2 at a time or something and requires a pickaxe and not an axe of tier 2

[light pelican]

sorry to interrupt here guys but I've got a quick question about mouse input data.
I get lastMousePosition = Input.mouseScrollDelta; on RMB button down.
I then look for Vector2 mouseMovementDelta = (Vector2)Input.mousePosition - lastMousePosition; Debug.Log(mouseMovementDelta);
the debug log shows that the initial press of RMB each time returns the distance between 0, 0 on my screen and the mouse. So I can leave my mouse still and right click a bunch and my camera (which is supposed to pan, and works great once held) teleports hundreds or thousands of units at a time. what's going on here?

oh

hold on a second I might be stupid

[rich adder]

public class ResourceNodes : MonoBehaviour{
    public string resourceNodeName;
    public string resourceNodeDescription;

    public int itemDropCount;
    public int maxItems;
    public int minToolLevel;
    public ToolType toolType;

}
public enum ToolType{
    pickaxe,
    axe
}```

[swift crag]

If you want to be fancy, you could give tools different kinds of "tool powers"

a pickaxe would have lost of "break" power and a little "dig" power

a shovel would have a lot of "dig" power and a little "break" power

[verbal dome]

Why are you using mouse scroll delta for mouse position 🤔

[light pelican]

yep I'm stupid I had mouseScrollDelta as a leftover instead of mousePosition lmao fuck

[swift crag]

splat

[rocky wyvern]

Not too sure what you want to be happening but mousescrolldelta is the scroll wheel and that doesn’t sound like what you need

[swift crag]

classic 🦆 moment

[light pelican]

it's always the second you ask for you help that you realize your mistake isn't it

if I hadn't asked I'd have been here for hours!

[heavy knoll]

ooh ok ty

[rocky wyvern]

If this data will be consistent between all nodes of a certain type it looks like you’d want to be serialising this data somehow, not storing it in a mono behaviour on every node

[swift crag]

that's what prefabs are for 😉

[rocky wyvern]

Funny because this was just the conversation in code general

[rocky wyvern]

Yeah the issue for me when thinking about how to tackle this problem is it’s then very hard to edit this data on all similar objects at runtime

[flat sphinx]

i think ive seen a game do exactly that

[rocky wyvern]

Without really any benefits except ‘it’s slightly easier’ than storing a reference to an so in the prefab instead

[heavy knoll]

yea i dont really know what's right for me lol

i dont wanna get locked into some way and not be able to do something down the line

[rich adder]

you wont know until you trail and error

[heavy knoll]

because i did it a certain way to start

[flat sphinx]

it also had.. i dont remember if it was bitflags or just an enum for tool behaviours (f.e wirecutters, hammer, etc)

[rocky wyvern]

I would look into scriptable objects and see if that’s what you need

[heavy knoll]

i just know i want the system to be very modular and easily changeable if i need to do anything more with it

[flat sphinx]

having smarts is an iterative process

[swift crag]

switching back and forth between "a few prefabs that hold the data" and "a few prefabs that reference the data" is trivial

[flat sphinx]

do the iterations bruv

[swift crag]

you know what isn't trivial to fix?

not having made a game at all!

[rocky wyvern]

I don’t think so

[flat sphinx]

bro you dont have to call me out lik etat....

[rocky wyvern]

If you have 20 different node types with relevant data in monobehaviours on prefabs it’s not completely trivial to have to convert all of those to sos if you then decide to swap

[rich adder]

me with 100GB of projects on "hiatus"

[rocky wyvern]

I suppose you could write a helper script but

[flat sphinx]

"dw ill get back to it"

[rocky wyvern]

I don’t personally see the benefit of using monobehaviours here except saving 5mins of time writing the so class

[flat sphinx]

havent touched it in 3 months

(the last update was a minor tweak)

[swift crag]

I don't see the benefit of using a separate scriptable object when each prefab is going to need a unique set of node data

[rich adder]

each project is just a more "refined" version of other projects put together and the cycle continues lol

[heavy knoll]

bro my brain hurts from all this XD

[flat sphinx]

if only i had the cares for that lol

[heavy knoll]

how would i do scriptable objects for this script?

[rocky wyvern]

Then why are you using different prefabs in the first case

[heavy knoll]

just make it inherit from scriptable object instead of monobehaviour?

[swift crag]

because there are different kinds of resource nodes

[flat sphinx]

im just stuck on the same refactor i wanted to do half a year ago

[rich adder]

sometimes its easier to just redo than refactor

[flat sphinx]

it was a redo

well

redo for what i could have redone

everything else is so entangled it needs its own refactor

[rich adder]

if it works, refactor only when its absolutely illegible

[rocky wyvern]

1. You can reference data from other systems without touching the nodes
2. You can edit all nodes at the same time during runtime if necessary
3. Decoupling and for me personally more elegant and easier to navigate architecture

[flat sphinx]

dont do 5 years of out-of-date kids

[flat sphinx]

it uses unmarked strings for character cosmetics

[swift crag]

Cutting classes in half isn't "decoupling"; it's just making more classes

A ResourceNode and a ResourceNodeDefinition would be very tightly coupled together

[flat sphinx]

features["hair"]

and it stores a color

encoded as "FFF"

not even a leading pound

or well SOMETIMES it has it

but you cant tell so you have to pass it into a sanitizer each time

[swift crag]

One advantage I can foresee is that changing the definitions will work properly with old saved data

since the individual nodes wouldn't have any of the actual configuration in them

[flat sphinx]

AND SOMETIMES THESE JUST DONT EXIST

SO IF YOU READ YOU JTS GET NULL

[rocky wyvern]

I don’t actually think so personally what I would do is give whatever ‘spawning’ system for the nodes the so data and that injects it into the node’s script which is completely generic

When you’re hitting iron ore with ur pick axe you don’t care about the default definition in the so for iron ore

The monobehaviours for your ore don’t need to be coupled to the default data at all

[swift crag]

this isn't "default data", though

it's just...data

this kind of ore node drops 30 iron ore

[flat sphinx]

i should try doing some prototype-based cooding in unity

or cshart idk

wanna see how well that paradigm translates over to a non-baby lang

[heavy knoll]

would it be better to just go with inheritance and use a different class for each type of ResourceNode i want so i could have more flexibility in the future, like if i want certain types of nodes to apply special things or do special things to the player, like for example if i eventually wanted to add a ResourceNode called uranium that hurts the player if he gets close to it unless the player has some sort of resistance to the radiation.

[flat sphinx]

composition > inheritance

[heavy knoll]

i dont really get how to do it, cause i could just have the ResourceNode Script how i have it atm with all the important variables and do scriptable objects for each type of ore/tree or something and just change the values for each one

but i dont think that would work because some of them would be different

like uranium wouuld have special effects with it

but then im making a bunch of derived classes that are basically doing the same thing except for like one or two specific types of different nodes that i want

[flat sphinx]

if you want an item that can switch between an axe and a pickaxe, yeah you could do a transforming subtype but that's one hell of an entrance into subtype hell

[teal viper]

You'd often have these two concepts work along side one another. Just composition without any inheritance wouldn't get you very far.

[flat sphinx]

its a tradeoff between ease of coding around it and longevity

inheritance is easier than modding in a trait check or even a hook

if you're just doing a one-off, yeah just do a subtype

just know when to bail on it and dont go off the deep end with children of children of children

[teal viper]

Again, composition is not the opposite of inheritance. These concepts work together like a charm.

Composition simply means that you split one module into many smaller once. There can(and usually should) be inheritance within these modules.

[flat sphinx]

🤨
i understand composition as how unity does components

or using hooks or traits or such

[heavy knoll]

im so confused XD

[lavish nexus]

Composition is more of has-a relationship rather than an is-a one right?

[heavy knoll]

idk the best way to do it for what im planning to do with different resources around my game that the player can mine/break

[flat sphinx]

honestly just do stuff man

analysis paralysis is aids

[heavy knoll]

i just wanna have different things around my game like different trees different stones different ores and stuff but some ores may have different features than others and same with the trees or other things that my player can mine/break

[heavy knoll]

fr i feel like i've been stuck on this forever trying to decide which way to do it
i feel like im getting so many different opinions lol

[lavish nexus]

as lemons said just do it, don't worry about premature optimizations. Get a prototype made and then you can optimize and refactor later.

[flat sphinx]

yeah you want the bestest possible implementation but you quite literally cannot anticipate every usecase you'll think of
and trying to do so paradoxically just leads to more shitcode

[white yew]

All objects you mention will have the same breaking class, except display differently

[heavy knoll]

and im still relatively a beginner so idrk what's correct for my vision

[flat sphinx]

theres this one dude i know, very epic, knows his shit
holy fuck does he overengineer his code

[white yew]

Start something small and simple. You can always make it fancier later down the road.

[flat sphinx]

he did like parrying/blocking code and it had some 8 return value flags, 7 parameters for entry stuff

overrides for everything

NOTHING used it

out of those 8 flags only some 2 were used

dont be him
just make it work

[heavy knoll]

what about for like a unique ore like uranium that will have a special method for giving damage to the player. Wouldn't that not work if all the objects are scriptable objects from the one ResourceNode class?

[flat sphinx]

youll get there when youll get there

[white yew]

No. You're overengineering again.

I don't even know what your game is about, let alone talk about these tiny details that stopping you from starting.

[flat sphinx]

do you have ore, period, yet?

[heavy knoll]

nope, but ik for sure i want to have ores that do unique things in the future

[flat sphinx]

do you have regular blocks?

[heavy knoll]

but also have similar features to them still

[heavy knoll]

wdym?

[flat sphinx]

i assume you want some minecraft/terraria-esque mining whatever

didnt read into the convo much

[heavy knoll]

Yeah same concept with the survival aspect but not blocky, more like a open world terrain maybe procedurally generated in the future but ill worry about that later lol

and those ores/tree types will be scattered around the map and mineable

[flat sphinx]

what do you have so far

[heavy knoll]

each dropping their respective item drop that will fall out onto the floor as a type of rigidbody that i can than pickup

[heavy knoll]

just the player movement and a flat landscape

[flat sphinx]

ok nvm its 3:30 am someone else smack him

i need to eep

[cosmic dagger]

starting with SOs sounds like a good plan, especially, if the ore are just values (data). uranium would be a MB script with a reference to the ore SO and a separate MB script that damages the player

this is where composition helps. you can easily add a script that damages the player, or anything within a radius that does not have protection against it . . .

[heavy knoll]

XD thx for the help so far though, i apprecate it

[flat sphinx]

👌

[cosmic dagger]

but yeah, just starting scripting out the ores now. make a SO class, create a few different ore assets, then work on unique traits that different ores will have . . .

[white yew]

Scriptable Object are used like prefabs - They spawn into your world with specific information attached to them. Once they are spawn, they should have information to describe what the object is about.

Looking at your pastebin earlier in the chat - https://paste.ofcode.org/hzCbYxY8XtjZ3mRGX6rUDj
This is too simple, ambiguous, and confusing. You're limiting the players to only have two enums, when there could be plenty of other tools type. If you want an ore to break easily with certain tools, then I would suggest looking into bitflags to help identify which tooltype best to work with.

The name and description can be used in a separate class, but not resource node. You can make a class as Item which holds the string name, description, and other things that describe the object in general. Even include rarity, weight, power, etc.

If you want your system to be modular, then start by keeping it simple. Try to use interface to help create composition for unique class and structure to make objects more interesting and complex.

E.g. a Ore class would require a item class, but compose of IBreakable + IBlockable + ICollectable + IPlaceable
Then in your So, you can describe that in your terrain generation process, that orb must spawn around moutain/rocky area of your map. That's entirely up to you in terms of how you play with data in a procedural generation process.

imho, start something small. Try generating the terrain and see what data you need to create/customize. That data that you play with can be saved into SO.

[junior ivy]

Hello, I have very simple problem. My TextMeshProUGUI property is null.

using TMPro;
using UnityEngine;

public class DebugInfo : MonoBehaviour
{
    private TextMeshProUGUI text;

    void Start()
    {
        Debug.Log(text); // null
    }
}

I have script assigned to the tmp component

Thanks for help 😉

[slender nymph]

it's private. if you want it to appear in the inspector it needs to be marked with the SerializeField attribute or be made public (first option is typically better)

[junior ivy]

I made it [SerializeField] public TextMeshProUGUI text; and it's still null 😦

[white yew]

I think you're missing [SerializeField] tag

[white yew]

Go back to your editor, and you should see a new field in the component. You need to supply it.

[twilit mica]

Hey everybody, new to Unity but have been programming for years.

Looking for a point in the right direction and topics to research.
I am trying to make a rougelike system where cards can interact with each other.
Example: Using one card makes the next one cheaper, changes the way the next card fires, which element it applies etc.

So far, I've found people suggesting Serialized Objects.
Is that what I should be focusing research on, or do you guys have any other suggestions?

[rich adder]

public fields don't need to be [SerializedField] because public are already serialized. Thats just for private

if its not showing up, you likely have compile errors

[upper prawn]

I'm still struggling to figure out how to handle crop stages for my farming game. I've made an empty GameObject, and drug the FBXs for each of my crop stages under it. On a script on the empty object, I'm trying to write a void plantCrop(string name) method. My idea is that this method would simply find the child with name name + "-seed", and activate it, which would make that model visible. When the day advances, I could deactivate it, find the name-stage1 child, and activate it.
However it looks like the only way to get children is via the transform component? And its indexed, not a search-by-name? Is my idea just not feasible to execute?

[white yew]

Serialize Objects is used to hold prefab instances of your card. I'm not quite sure how unique each card needs to be, but it definitely sounds like it needs to access the game state in general.

Would recommend looking into state machine example to help achieve this process.

[ripe shard]

This isn’t really an answerable question. You would need to be a bit more specific, otherwise answers will just be random thoughts.

[twilit mica]

I'm sorry, what is unclear about it?

I'll try to expand on it

[ripe shard]

everything

[twilit mica]

Thank you, noted

[ripe shard]

You’re basically asking how to architect a game but give barely any info on its design and features

[junior ivy]

It showed up but after I play the game, it's still null.

[twilit mica]

I understand, apologies^^

trying to expand on it currently

[white yew]

I can imagine someone trying to re-create yugioh in this case 🙂

[slender nymph]

you really shouldn't base your logic on object names in the first place, that will make it super fragile. create some object that stores data about each kind of object and then you can use events to notify your crops/objects/whatever when they need to change their appearance/stage/whatever

[junior ivy]

What do you mean by supply it?

[slender nymph]

you need to drag the text object into that slot

[white yew]

See how it says "None (Text Mesh Pro UGUI)"? Please supply the component in that field. (More likely the game object itself in this case...)

[upper prawn]

I agree with that but I'm struggling to figure out how to "store" the GameObjects/models for each stage.
The only thing I -know- I can do is make a public variable for each stage for each crop, and drag the prefab onto it - but then everything is hardcoded and very inflexible

[twilit mica]

@white yew @ripe shard
This is Rounds, by Landfall.

My game is taking inspiration from it.
Currently, the gun object the player has initializes the bullet prefab with values such as Dispersion, Bullet Speed, Size, Damage, etc

This has been easy to make, as it is simply changing values.

But how would I go about changing behaviors, for example, how the damage is applied (DoT instead of instant), how the bullet moves instead of using physics (maybe it tracks the mouse, etc)

[white yew]

Prefab/ Scriptable Objects to the rescue!

[junior ivy]

ok I got it but ngl this is the stupidest thing I've ever seen in any IDE so far
I'm used to do such things in the code.

maybe I can "supply it" in c# somehow so I don't need to care about unity GUI too much? if this is possible please tell me

[slender nymph]

there are many ways you can accomplish this. one way is you could make a scriptable object that will represent the data for the plants that stores each stage, how long it takes to get to that stage, whatever other data you need. then your seed objects just need to reference the scriptable object to pass it to the actual plant when it is planted, then at each "update" (this would be when your events fire) the plant will check the scriptable object to see what stage it should be at.
of course you can find plenty of tutorials for things like this if you want to explore other options

[white yew]

One best use of this would be the tag system in DOTS. Now granted, this is a little bit more advance subject, but the principle is there. When you activate the card, you can apply tags to specific target your card instructs to. That target will have either a tag for DOTS to process unique behaviour for your entity, or new components added to your game objects. That component/tag defines new behaviour in your game.

[upper prawn]

I've found 2D tutorials, but there its as simple as swapping sprites. In 3D there are more things to swap, so it seems like I should work with prefabs instead. I get using Scriptable Objects for all the things in your message, but I'm failing to figure out how to "select" the model I want to display based on the active crop type/stage... that's where everything falls apart for me

[slender nymph]

it's really the same concept. and you can absolutely use prefabs for that, just instantiate the correct stage and destroy the old stage when it updates

or even just have each stage all as part of the same prefab and disable/enable the relevant stages

[white yew]

Have you look into .GetComponent<T>? - https://docs.unity3d.com/6000.0/Documentation/ScriptReference/GameObject.GetComponent.html

[slender nymph]

you should go through the pathways on the unity !learn site to properly learn how to use the editor and the engine. the essentials and junior programmer pathways will teach you things like how to do that as well as many of the other common workflows

[eternal falcon]

:teacher: Unity Learn ↗

Over 750 hours of free live and on-demand learning content for all levels of experience!

[junior ivy]

yes but I'm not touching it because I'm PHP developer and this is exactly what I want to avoid

maybe it's good in a game dev to just get something out of nowhere inside a class

[slender nymph]

wtf are you going on about? how does any of that make any sense in regards to the advice to use GetComponent?

[junior ivy]

I'm used to to DI and instantiate everything or use IoC to have dependencies in my class constructor

[slender nymph]

well guess what, the inspector is a form of DI. just not some big DI framework

[white yew]

Taking a step back here - Why do you need a debuginfo? Didn't you instantiate the Text UI somewhere in your code? Don't you already have a reference to that object anyway?

[junior ivy]

it's a bad pattern because I would literally have to get some instance in the middle of a class method

[slender nymph]

it's almost like there are methods specifically for setting up your object's state at the beginning of its lifetime

[white yew]

This seems to lean towards X/Y problem here.

[slender nymph]

and that would be the best place to call GetComponent. you will also be using GetComponent (or the superior TryGetComponent) a lot in your code anyway so you may as well get used to it

[white yew]

We've help answered your problem initially, but you're complaining about a problem entirely not related to your initial problem.

[junior ivy]

ok I guess I will have to use Awake with GetComponent and pretend that it's a autowiring 😄

[slender nymph]

nah, this is a "i'm a superior web dev so i know everything and the way everyone else does things is wrong" problem

[white yew]

You haven't answered my question - @junior ivy

[floral estuary]

There are some third party extensions that can add a [GetComponent] or [GetComponentInChildren] attribute that will grab it for you. I do find it a bit odd Unity doesn't have that by now

Oh reading things back it seems like you're just asking about DI, which, Zenject is kinda the go-to for Unity DI but it feels like extra bloat to me to add in-depth DI tools on top of what's already there

[junior ivy]

because I don't get the question tbh

Why do you need a debuginfo?
of course I need DebugInfo to be able to write a script based on magically injected TextMeshProUGUI property

Didn't you instantiate the Text UI somewhere in your code?
I didn't instantiate anything in my code

Don't you already have a reference to that object anyway?
what reference to what object? I have a reference to TextMeshProUGUI but what is wrong with that?

[floral estuary]

It does kinda sound like you want to use Unity but you're heavily resisting the workflow. You're gonna have a bad time fighting the current like that :p

[junior ivy]

To sum things up:
I have to configure my serializable properties because they are not autowired automatically.

[slender nymph]

just drag them in. unity has no way of knowing what object you want to reference

[floral estuary]

GetComponent<T> is cached so you CAN just use that, quite effectively

[slender nymph]

or you can use the RequireComponent attribute and call GetComponent in Reset which is called automatically when the component is added in the editor

[junior ivy]

I thought unity has some default behavior for that so my bad

[floral estuary]

Oh really? Reset is superior to OnValidate then for messing with dropped-in serialized Objects?

[slender nymph]

note that it is only called when this component is added to an object in the editor or when the component is explicitly reset in the editor

Reset is not called in any other context (including when adding components at runtime)

[cosmic dagger]

i do all my component checks and assignments in Reset and call that in Awake . . .

[floral estuary]

I think the conversation mostly revolves around the fact that it's a bit extra that we have to do some of that tho :p

there COULD be better defaults for getting references to things, it's not like it's not an important function haha

[slender nymph]

it's also super trivial to write some code generator that adds all this for you (and thereby implementing your own GetComponent attribute or whatever)

[floral estuary]

https://github.com/OranBar/AutoAttribute-for-Unity3d

[white yew]

My question was clear and simple.

Nothing in unity is magically injected. You either reference it in a class structure that can be access by other class or don't. If you are not instantiating the text element, then how are you spawning the gameobject? You should be able to instantiate a class that holds all of those information available for you to use without having to use GetComponent<T>. If you already have a reference to TextMeshProUGUI then having DebugInfo seems unnecessary as you already have that component to play with?

[floral estuary]

I think it's a stretch to call that "super trivial"

[white yew]

FWIW, stop thinking C# like it's PHP.

[slender nymph]

it's really not, i could throw one together in just a few minutes if i were really so inclined. of course that wouldn't be as extensible as some of the ones that already exist, but it's super easy to do

[floral estuary]

but regardless, it's also trivial to do it by hand. That doesn't mean it's not a frequent-enough that it's reasonable to expect some default behaviour around it

[floral estuary]

easy and trivial are different though

[signal mango]

Writing a code generator is definitely not trivial if you want it to handle all cases properly (partial types, name resolution conflicts, etc)

[floral estuary]

like, it's easy to have my own string class, right? just use char[] or List<char>

but I wouldn't call it trivial

why should I have to do that for the basics

[slender nymph]

both refer to something being little effort. that was the context i was using the term in. it's the same thing.