#history

1 messages · Page 89 of 1

alpine onyx
#

Gives me Monty Python vibes

#

Thou shalt count to three and stuff

eternal veldt
#

Some, I noticed are likely from Navweaps, like metacentric height and stability

deep apex
#

And wasn't most of what was Austria-Hungary not even Austrian nor Hungarian?

eternal veldt
#

Radar, beaten to death

silver crest
#

nationalism is a powerful force

#

it is what united germany

#

and what destabilized autria-hungary

eternal veldt
#

And I still dont exactly understand the "cabling outside citadel" argument to this day

deep apex
#

And these duchies, kingdoms and such in fmr HRE see themselves all as "German," no?

eternal veldt
#

Like, if you argue the Littorios were crappy because the diesel generators were outside the citadel, sure

#

Cabling, though...what ship doesnt have cabling out of its citadel?

silver crest
#

you could say that

strong plank
#

I see where this is going

silver crest
#

idk

alpine onyx
#

That list, besides one or two points, is either false, semi-correct (technical part is true, but it didn't cause the issues described) or a case of [citation needed]

silver crest
#

im not familiar with hre and how the german states saw each other

#

im still reading stuff about that

strong plank
#

so if you try to balkanize a region where the culture is all pretty similar

deep apex
#

Won't they just

#

Reunite?

strong plank
#

what's to stop it from re unifying

silver crest
alpine onyx
#

Like I never heard credible sources describing vibration issues

silver crest
#

probably trying to find who would get to lead the states

strong plank
#

also weren't the german wars of unification just 60-70 years prior

silver crest
#

fighting over who gets to rule over the others

strong plank
#

ie relatively recent in cultural memory

deep apex
#

Wait

#

No not even

#

40 actually

eternal veldt
#

And Im more curious how the centreline shaft affects buoyancy

silver crest
#

unification happened in like 1870 or something

deep apex
#

1871

silver crest
#

because bismarck

eternal veldt
#

Or the no override stuff, not exactly sure where the source is , or how badly it affects the ship

silver crest
#

bro edited a telegram and started a war

strong plank
#

yeah so I doubt dividing up germany would've done much

#

given the people would still remember fighting to unite just a few decades prior

deep apex
#

Also wouldn't some states just have

#

No industrial base

#

To speak of

#

Since

#

Most of it

#

Is in

silver crest
deep apex
#

The ruhr?

silver crest
#

remember pan-arabism?

#

they all agreed on a united arab world but cant decide on who gets to lead

strong plank
#

my guy

silver crest
#

then it all fell apart

strong plank
#

you do understand there's a difference between

deep apex
#

But wouldn't Prussia

strong plank
#

a bunch of theoretical small states that had been united, then forcibly separated

#

and

deep apex
#

Probably

#

Be the largest

strong plank
#

"why won't the middle east unite"

deep apex
#

Again?

#

And lead

deep apex
#

Again?

silver crest
#

too complex of a topic for me

deep apex
#

Austria and Prussia were really the only ones with any huge amount of power

alpine onyx
strong plank
#

like if you're gonna compare it to pan arabism

#

the arab world's history is just war after war against one another

#

religious conflicts, territorial conflicts

alpine onyx
#

But with trimming being all over due to the fourth or fifth breech of the hull now, and the poor weather, it only sufficed for ~8kn against the weather

strong plank
#

no shit you're not gonna find a magical way to bring it all together

#

versus

silver crest
strong plank
#

a bunch of small states who until 15 minutes ago had been united

manic latch
silver crest
#

religious division in europe led to countless wars

#

like the 30 years war

strong plank
#

but we're not talking about europe overall

silver crest
#

neighbouring german states were fighting eachother too

#

bavaria and brandenburg-prussia

deep apex
#

The Arabs can rally against a common enemy

#

But

#

They don't really

#

Seem

#

To hold after

#

They defeat that enemy

manic latch
#

Israel would be main focus

deep apex
#

Germany was able to stay

strong plank
#

my point is that's a shitty comparison to make

manic latch
strong plank
#

because it's far easier to take states that had previously been together and get them to unite again

#

than it is to bring peace to the middle east

deep apex
#

That's what my dad believes. They're so busy tangled with each other that they make themselves easier enemies

strong plank
eternal veldt
manic latch
#

Rome cryingjesusholy

strong plank
#

where your former territories aren't gonna want to go back to that abusive relationship

deep apex
#

Also

#

Former areas of the German Empire

#

Are pretty

#

Well

#

Industrialized

#

Like in Poland today

#

When that part was under German control, a lot of industrialization and mechanization was established

silver crest
#

i like how wilhelm 1 styled himself as the german emperor instead of the emperor of germany so that it would not sound like he's ruling over the other kings and their superior

manic latch
#

Do cultures unite people or Conqueror

silver crest
#

we can all agree something about the little german states unifying

#

cartographers breathed a sigh of relief when that happened

manic latch
unreal elbow
manic latch
#

Conf states want to seperate, attacks Fort Sumter

#

Union brings the weapons to prevent it

#

Now those states are together for a long while

#

"United" thanks to Union's decision of war

#

Thus Conqueror unites people AND keeps them together

unreal elbow
#

Yea

manic latch
#

Since as Japan says
“The nail that sticks out gets hammered down”

unreal elbow
#

Where are you from

manic latch
#

Nobody knows really

desert agate
#

that's not really how the ACW worked but I'm not exactly an expert on the topic myself

unreal elbow
#

I'm a guy who likes to listen to what people say

manic latch
#

But Union was willing to fight against separation

desert agate
#

separation for what purpose

manic latch
#

Slavery

#

South was heavily reliant on it

#

Lincoln was against it. And he won so

desert agate
#

this is a conversation between two individuals who are wholly unqualified to discuss the topic

#

by extension nothing can realistically be gained from it

manic latch
#

Yeah we need US history expert

#

Should wait for Qwerty or Regal

#

Or Maka patmiat

eternal veldt
#

Call in those CSS Alabama fans, I'm sure they have great opinion on the matter HelenaWink

desert agate
#

HMAS Yarra btw

#

It's so easy to think the Leanders/Rivers were so much bigger than they actually were

#

shame we never kept one of the rivers as a museum they put a lot of good service in

#

kept Vampire tho

#

and 2 of them are dive wrecks

#

HMAS Stuart in HK

#

showing off her Ikara

#

also the sinking of Torrens is used by foreign propagandists on a rather comedically regular basis

#

NK, Hezbollah, etc

#

Hezbollah actually claimed they'd sunk an Israeli ship using the footage

eternal veldt
#

Nugget and Kaoshiung Middleschoolers RichelieuThink

alpine onyx
#

Though I do feel obliged to state that all BB AA in early 1941 sucked ass

lost ravine
#

To the topic of culture and the ACW. Yes the Union won the war but the South fought hard after to keep their culture alive. Even to the point that Hollywood in its early days was painting the South as a noble force. Watch a lot of the old cowboy movies it usually has a former southerner fighting against either still in or was in the Union corrupt and only wanting money while the Southerner is just doing what he can to live a simple life. So was the South culture conquered?

alpine onyx
#

The NorCals were still running around with 50cal machine guns at that time, and would not get 20mm weapons until ~ a year later

desert agate
#

the sons and daughters of the confederacy have worked tirelessly to ensure that the South and its ideas of the war can survive

eternal veldt
#

Don't remind me of RN AA...

desert agate
#

the lost cause myth isnt going away any time soon

desert agate
manic latch
eternal veldt
#

Queen Bee drone above the entire Mediterranean Fleet for one fucking hour with nothing stopping it

lost ravine
#

Man I hated watching that movie.

desert agate
manic latch
#

It was revolutionary for it's time however

#

Since most movies were uhh 5 mins at max

lost ravine
#

Was our first movie for my America in Film class.

manic latch
#

Naturally yeah

#

It was first of its kind

lost ravine
#

And caused a lot of change in the US. KKK back and accepted by the masses.

#

It's a little surprising at times that the US hasn't had a 2nd Civil War. The US is so divided on many issues and yet it still works.

manic latch
#

Tempting the devil? PepeLa

lost ravine
#

Could be. I do wonder how the late 2010s and early 2020s will be recorded in history.

alpine onyx
#

RN AA, aka, we can't be bothered to use fire control, let's recommend tracer rounds for the heavy AA and then Mk1 eyeball it

sullen canyon
#

Please don't tempt fate like that

strong plank
#

the end of the post cold war period

#

in terms of dividing history into periods, I always find it interesting that the 90s are in this awkward, in-between spot

#

cold war ends in '91 and the gwot starts in '01

#

in between you have somalia, kosovo

desert agate
#

INTERFET:

lost ravine
#

My early childhood. It's this time where the world seemed safe. The fear of war was over. We were on the fast track of advancing as a society as technology was exploding into everyday life.

strong plank
#

can't say I relate

#

early 2000s kid

#

I don't think any of us realized how little time separated the end of the cold war and our birth

manic latch
#

Best times to live was 1960-70s

strong plank
#

hell I was born 2002

lost ravine
#

I'm a 92 child.

autumn sorrel
#

I only remember 2000s as pretty hard time

strong plank
#

the gwot was already underway by the time I came along

desert agate
#

mmm vietnam

manic latch
desert agate
#

mmm asbestos

strong plank
#

it was just something we accepted as a fact of life

autumn sorrel
lost ravine
#

I remember still when 9/11 happened. Was sitting in class and the teacher turned on the TV. Saw a tower on fire. Then another tower with a fireball coming out of it later on.

desert agate
#

personally I grew up with images of Afghanistan and constant fearmongering of South East Asian immigration

#

the GFC, terror threats, etc

strong plank
#

what I always find interesting is

#

the textbooks and curriculum of our history classes barely pushes into the 90s

#

you hit the end of the cold war and then it talks about globalization and technology

autumn sorrel
#

The 90s is wild, I tell you that

strong plank
#

no gulf war, no balkans, no somalia

#

I'm sure it's different now

desert agate
#

our text books ended at like... WW2 or early Cold War

autumn sorrel
#

Good thing about USSR fall is that the hardline Vietnamese communist get their power challenge and make way for reformer

strong plank
#

but it must have been just recent enough that new books had yet to be published

#

or they had but the school board didn't think it was important enough to replace

desert agate
#

tbf I was going through early high school during the whole 100 years since WW1 thing and basically the whole country was caught up in it so a solid year of high school history was just WW1

#

then i had a year of WW2

autumn sorrel
#

tbf, how do you teach about the balkan in the 90s, it so chaotic that it nearly impossible to make a coherent text

desert agate
#

and I dont even remember what the other year was

lost ravine
#

It depends. The education system has to deem it worth adding in. Which wars and conflicts does seem to be more removed from k-12 schools. Be still talk about the main ones but the little ones they won't.

strong plank
#

it's always interesting though

autumn sorrel
#

My history class was repeat 3 time for 3 levels, it teach the same thing, just more detail overtime

strong plank
#

growing up it always felt like most conflicts were behind us

desert agate
#

I remember doing ancient China in primary school tho

desert agate
strong plank
#

then you realize the soviets fell only 11 years before you were born

lost ravine
#

If I recall for school was like up to 5th grade be a mixture of home state and US history. 6th was world history. 7&8th US. 9/10 world. 11th US.

strong plank
#

and that 4 years before you were born your dad was in kosovo

#

and a year after you're born your country's troops were rolling into iraq

manic latch
lost ravine
#

I remember waiting for Iraq to happen. Had that one space shuttle disaster beforehand so when the TV went to breaking news for that we thought it was war with Iraq.

desert agate
#

I was born mere months before the Bali bombings

#

so a good chunk of my childhood was all about that

lost ravine
#

Bombings & mass shootings was a lot of my 2000s I recall.

manic latch
strong plank
#

there's been about 15-20 years total in US history when we haven't been at war

manic latch
#

Yeah greens are no war

strong plank
#

usually because we're involved in multiple that overlap

#

the revolution, the indian wars

desert agate
#

We've always had an idea of national invulnerability probably to an even greater degree than the US

sullen canyon
#

Yes, America being the War Hawk of the world since 1776 EntyHeh

desert agate
#

only once in our history has a foreign enemy actually attacked mainland Australia

#

so when Bali happened it kind of brought the war on terror all that much closer to home

strong plank
#

my favorite US war has to be the second barbary war

lost ravine
#

It's crazy how fast that sense of safety could be gone.

strong plank
#

which lasted 3 days

manic latch
desert agate
#

since it was clear that this wasn't just a far away conflict for Americans and everyone else to deal with

tribal mortar
sullen canyon
#

We just took over France's job there mostly

desert agate
#

and then basically nothing happened until 2014

#

but there was a lot of racism so yknow

#

good times i guess

strong plank
#

"so you're an american? name every war"

manic latch
#

Mexico next trolldespair

lost ravine
#

Indian Wars. That covers most of them.

manic latch
#

Ironic that hardest battle US ever fought was the Civil war

#

Having most deaths to it

lost ravine
#

I mean you count both sides so easier to do.

strong plank
#

yeah the civil war was a boiling over the slavery debate

desert agate
#

Wikipedias judgement of what counts as a war is a little dodgy truth be told

#

since on the Australian page it lists the Berlin Airlift as a war

strong plank
#

the founding fathers hadn't really been explicit about slavery in the US

lost ravine
#

About 2% of the US population gone in 4 years.

strong plank
#

since they needed states to actually ratify the constitution

manic latch
#

This was the peaceful war plan but Lincoln didn't choose to fully follow some reason. Only blocked the shipping routes

strong plank
#

they'd assumed slavery as an institution wouldn't survive much longer but then along comes eli whitney

lost ravine
#

And the culture that slave owners had. Owning a slave was status.

manic latch
#

Yeah more slaves the better

#

Cotton being king

strong plank
#

I mean it was the cotton gin that made the practice actually economically viable

manic latch
#

Union blocking cotton trade was a big blow to their economy

strong plank
#

the gov isn't able to rule one way or the other so they kept kicking the can further down the road with the missouri compromise and kansas-nebraska act

#

kansas-nebraska act ends up causing more political turmoil

lost ravine
#

The South had nothing else really on the foreign market to offer aside from cotton. Which while the war was happening Egypt and India had booms as their main rival was gone.

strong plank
#

finally lincoln gets elected

lost ravine
#

Ah the burning of Kansas.

strong plank
#

and his election made a lot of states mad

#

tends to be a theme these days

manic latch
strong plank
#

with the british it was also

#

they didn't want to be seen as supporting the slavery side of the war

sullen canyon
#

The South was mostly just a Plantation type of economy since most of the industrial setup was in the Northern States at that time

strong plank
#

they'd abolished slavery in the 1830s

lost ravine
#

They got what CSS Alabama and another from the UK? And that was it.

manic latch
#

Virginia was captured from Union

#

Or Union wreck

strong plank
#

I mean some folks tout the whole "states rights" line

#

and I guess to some extent they're not incorrect

lost ravine
#

State rights to what?

#

Exactly

strong plank
#

as you can form a historical narrative

sullen canyon
#

The Civil War did cause West Virginia to become its own State from it

strong plank
#

but that wasn't the reason why the war was launched

manic latch
strong plank
#

it did however see a shift in how the country was run

sullen canyon
#

Also, back then it was more States First, and Country Second

strong plank
#

"These United States" became "The United States"

manic latch
#

Virginia and Monitor fought for 3 hours without sinking each other

strong plank
#

so in a sense, if you're writing a book you could make a point that the period had an underlying theme of states v federal gov

lost ravine
strong plank
#

but to say that's what the war was about is dishonest at best

manic latch
sullen canyon
#

I feel like it was either poor aimming, or then using the wrong kind of ammo against their hull type

lost ravine
#

Meanwhile the turret of the monitor.

#

Ammo mainly was the issue.

strong plank
#

the "right" kind of ammo didn't exist yet

manic latch
lost ravine
#

They hit each other alot.

strong plank
#

you were still throwing cannonballs at one another

sullen canyon
#

And it would just be like a minor dent or something in the hull right?

lost ravine
#

Practically

manic latch
desert agate
#

when was the first shell gun invented

sullen canyon
#

Reminded of this now

autumn sorrel
#

Wow, is that the Monitor?

manic latch
manic latch
lost ravine
#

Both ships also got a lot of angles so it was hard actually get it to soild hit on each other to not bounce.

autumn sorrel
#

Hey Krem, I give you steampunk US navy

strong plank
manic latch
lost ravine
#

Have you heard of our good friend USS Wolverine?

strong plank
#

first adopted by the french in the 1840s

autumn sorrel
lost ravine
#

Paddle boat CV.

strong plank
#

USS Vesuvius, the third ship of the United States Navy named for the Italian volcano, was a unique vessel in the Navy inventory which marked a departure from more conventional forms of main battery armament. She is considered a dynamite gun cruiser and was essentially an operational testbed for large dynamite guns.

sullen canyon
manic latch
autumn sorrel
lost ravine
#

Wish they kept one of those around. Be so cool to see.

strong plank
#

first breech-loading, rifled naval gun was 1850s-60s

eternal veldt
#

The Paixhans gun (French: Canon Paixhans, French pronunciation: ​[pɛksɑ̃]) was the first naval gun designed to fire explosive shells. It was developed by the French general Henri-Joseph Paixhans in 1822–1823. The design furthered the evolution of naval artillery into the modern age. Its use presaged the end of wood as the preferred material in n...

manic latch
#

Despite being real

eternal veldt
#

A couple wooden ship of the lines were used as targets against the 22cm Canon-obusiers invented by Paixhans in 1824

autumn sorrel
eternal veldt
#

The ships did not fare well.

lost ravine
manic latch
eternal veldt
#

There is aso USS Sable.

strong plank
#

wolverine was a steamer on the great lakes

#

the navy bought her and gave her a flattop to train pilots

eternal veldt
lost ravine
#

Runways was shorter than the escort CVs navy figured if pilots can fly off of them then they'll be good everywhere else.

autumn sorrel
#

Oh, training ship

manic latch
#

Say

#

Why Des Moines didn't use 127mm/54

#

Too large for her I assume

autumn sorrel
#

Also Krem, "USSR" steampunk carrier task force

lost ravine
autumn sorrel
#

I don't know why but I just love the steampunk-esque design

manic latch
#

Midway use single Montana would used twin

maiden citrus
maiden citrus
manic latch
#

What make /38 great was actually its weight if you ask me

#

Which also makes traverse easier

maiden citrus
#

yeah, it was a very sweet spot, you could make it more powerful for either aa or surface, but it sacrifices

quick shard
cerulean ice
#

And specifically because it was only less than 50 years prior, and also internally there were still administrative separations based on some of the previous duchies/states/entities

#

(only during Hitler did the last of those were actually removed)

#

There could be still a chunk of older nobility and leaders that would know of the time before Prussian overlordship

#

And there is hundreds of years of "Germany" functioning as not-Holy not-Roman not-Empire loose federation

#

They have more history as autonomic smaller political entities than as a singular country at that point in history

#

And for Prussian re-establishing dominance, part of their rise to power that put them in position to expand their control over the western German states was 1. Getting a significant part of Poland during Dissolutions 2. Getting Upper Silesia from Austria in a war.

#

And after WW1 they would lose both

#

They would probably still retain their major position they worked for for the past 2 centuries, but I just think it is not as cut and dry and re-germanising german lands isn't totally improbably for the times

manic latch
storm echo
#

which was the true best IJN ship?

#

there's people that fanboy over Yamato

#

oh yeah, by the way, the Yamato and Shokaku class were actually part of the same ship construction programme of somesorts

#

anyways

#

what I think the true best IJN was, is Zuikaku

#

one of the best service histories I've read through

autumn sorrel
#

Are you sure it isn’t just you simping for her?

manic latch
#

This guy speaks like AI

tight notch
#

Yes.

manic latch
#

I say Haruna was best for IJN

#

Haruna fought in almost every major naval action of the Pacific Theater during World War II.

#

Very experienced and useful

tight notch
storm echo
#

Kaga was slow

#

Soryuu and Hiryuu were, small compared to the Shokaku class

#

Akagi is uhhhh

eternal veldt
#

Yukikaze and Shigure, for sinking every ship she escorted BuckyPrideZoom

storm echo
#

in a nutshell, I like the Shokaku class

eternal veldt
#

Great contributor to the war effort

storm echo
#

fast and big

#

34 knots for an aircraft carrier quite crazy

#

the average is around 30 knots

eternal veldt
#

Not really. The Essexs were capable of hitting this high speed as well.

storm echo
#

some 28 knots

storm echo
eternal veldt
#

Kaga was the slowest of the entire Kido Butai. The only merit she has going is plane capacity.

#

Everything else about her is very no.

storm echo
#

indeed

#

she also looked very tall, being a battleship conversion

eternal veldt
#

Most carriers are absurdly tall.

storm echo
#

yeah true

eternal veldt
#

By virtue of a two storied hangar.

#

Unless you are Shinano, who is so far into the construction that adding a two storied hangar will just make her die.

quick shard
#

you guys know anything about Alsace?

#

the battleship

eternal veldt
#

What would you like to know?

tight notch
#

I heard.

eternal veldt
manic latch
eternal veldt
#

Capitals can only do so much if your logistics and its escorts commit harakiri

#

The Ises are the ones I love to mock about

#

Ah yes, Aviation battleship? Right. No planes for you. Now shut the fuck up and carry as much oil as you can from the SEA back to Japan like a glorified oil tanker you are.

manic latch
#

I really hate Fuso since

#

You go effort of hardcore refits then

#

Do nothing

eternal veldt
#

Fusou has the issue of literally the first homemade dreadnoughts with very little deck space

#

Ise just kinda fucks it up even harder with crew accomodation

delicate beacon
#

Japanese ships in general were rather poor on accomodation iirc

quick shard
#

IJN just displays yamato to scare the US,failed by helldivers

eternal veldt
#

Sang, spartan, sure, but not inhospitable or extremely cramped level bad

#

except a few

#

"For financial reasons more powerful engines could not be ordered so the new design was lengthened slightly and the boiler rooms enlarged to increase speed by 0.5 knots (0.93 km/h; 0.58 mph) to 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph). To save weight the forecastle deck was shortened so that the lower midships gun turret was lower than in the Fusō class. This reduced the crew's accommodations despite a significant increase in the crew's numbers and naval historian Fukui Shizuo believed that these ships had the worst habitability of any Japanese capital ship."

#

You know it's bad when Kaga's fucking 40 degree celsius crew space doesn't get to be the #1 in Fukui's list

#

Or Jun'you's "no tables, bring your own mat to dinner lol" fireproofing rules MurmWat

manic latch
#

Yamato is kept secret from US long as possible

#

US didn't even know she had 460mms

quick shard
#

Hmm she was found heading to Okinawa right?

manic latch
#

For defense of Okinawa yes

delicate beacon
manic latch
#

Dutch liked comfort I guess

eternal veldt
#

Well, like I said, spartan

quick shard
#

was Missouri perhaps,in Okinawa?

eternal veldt
delicate beacon
eternal veldt
#

health and comfort? Ew, filthy western imperialist

#

Just beat your crew harder for every minor infraction they did, not like they can blow up your ship or commit atrocities or anything!

delicate beacon
#

Flogging continues untill morale improves.

eternal veldt
#

120 lashes for you

#

....That said, the officer quarters of Yamato are well known to be comfortable, and Nugget's mess is....alright, I guess?

quick shard
#

Welcome to The IJN Yamato hotel

autumn sorrel
#

IJN copy RN draconian discipline but miss out on the humanitarian part afterwards

eternal veldt
#

meanwhile, Howe:

#

and JavHeh as well, I suppose

zealous vine
#

Can someone direct me to the website that has these crisp drawings of US ships?

manic latch
#

Crispy critters

zealous vine
#

Nvm got it

zealous vine
quick shard
#

didn't recognize the bow

zealous vine
eternal veldt
#

How crisp do you want? I have an entire folder full of several US ships.

#

If you are curious what's inside the ship, you can also see it right there.

#

Enough details to make a man bust a nut.

#

oh fuck, I forgot to add Helena's into it

neon oyster
zealous vine
eternal veldt
zealous vine
#

Thanks 👍

#

Don't mind the ping (oh and I appreciate the booklet collections, they're a god send)

eternal veldt
#

If you really need a certain fixed style

#

then I suggest finding Conway's 1922-1946 All the World's Fighting Ships

#

standardized to a T.

zealous vine
fleet summit
#

Just finished WW1 UniCry

#

Kinda sad ngl

#

Though I did like how Franz Ferdinand knew that the Serbia hated him and he still decided to visit

#

Not the smartest idea but hey it's whatever he wanted I wonder how different things would be if he didn't die and still was the leader of Austria

eternal veldt
#

Jane's a bit more shagged - was thinking ONI.

#

Neither of which are credible with the knowledge of hindsight.

quick shard
#

The kriegsmarine has a ton of paper plans for ships

eternal veldt
#

It's all die-joubu

quick shard
#

Bruh why does it look like a Japanese toy product description

autumn sorrel
storm echo
#

I'd like to settle a debate.

#

which was the best ship of the Kido butai?

autumn sorrel
#

On that alternate history note, brit and german naval arm race prob still gonna happen regardless but they prob will reach something like the London naval treaty after realize how costly the race is becoming

fleet summit
autumn sorrel
eternal veldt
#

Define best.

#

Akagi's torpedo squadron was excellent, and so was the 2nd CarDiv's dive bombing squadrons.

#

Them together as a cohesive unit was why the force was destructive.

storm echo
#

true, it does depend on your stand point

autumn sorrel
storm echo
#

I'd say Akagi and Kaga were the best in terms of air superiority, they were the original after all

eternal veldt
#

Most English pulbications I've seen credit Hiryu with the destruction of Arizona, but others credit a pilot on Soryu instead.

storm echo
#

though, I'd say the Shokaku and Zuikaku were the best in terms of design

#

Zuikaku probably had most, interesting service history of them all

#

the Shokaku class was much superior to Akagi and Kaga imo

eternal veldt
#

...Two were literally built from the keel up as carriers

storm echo
#

in terms of design that is.

eternal veldt
#

the other two are conversions from existing hulls

storm echo
#

indeed

eternal veldt
#

Of course the one designed from the keels up are better.

storm echo
#

though, the 1st carrrier division had better pilots

eternal veldt
#

The four earlier carriers had enough time and space to train while operating off the Chinese coast.

#

Even then, their initial operations were not that impressive until later stages.

storm echo
#

also, what would the war have been like if Shinano and Taiho were both actually reliable?

eternal veldt
#

Zuikek had a couple workers die inside her due to toxic and dark working conditions, and nearly drowned from a typhoon, if you want interesting tidbits.

storm echo
#

what if Zuikaku had managed to successfully sink enterprise?

autumn sorrel
#

Taiho maybe but shinano was a bad investment from the start

eternal veldt
#

Irrelevant. Taihou's air group got chewed up anyway

storm echo
eternal veldt
#

By 1944, the aviators of the IJN are simply not going to stand up against the US counterparts.

autumn sorrel
eternal veldt
#

Shinano is debatable. You have a 50% complete hull sitting at your dock.

#

You can either convert it, or take it apart for scrap metal.

#

The former route is faster.

autumn sorrel
#

Scrap it to make more AT gun

eternal veldt
#

Hull No.111/Kii, however, was a braindead choice. 30% complete.

#

Scrap it, use it to feed the Unryus.

quick shard
#

guys wats the best rations

autumn sorrel
quick shard
#

Overated

eternal veldt
#

and I'd argue that poor damage control was the second poor decision that sealed Taihou's fate

#

in the haste to launch the second attack squadron, the commander ordered the broken elevator deck be sealed up with whatever materials are available on hand, while avgas is spreading throughout the ship.

autumn sorrel
quick shard
eternal veldt
#

They did exactly that, and you have the fans running at full speed spreading the gas everywhere.

storm echo
chilly osprey
quick shard
eternal veldt
#

In hindsight, sure.

#

If you want to create a massive air attack to oversaturate enemy defenses, then a second attack squadron underway as soon as possible would be ideal.

autumn sorrel
#

Seriously though, what with US MRE and burito, and gulasch as well

eternal veldt
#

If you want to play blame games, then perhaps the first place should be given to poor ASW of the Japanese and allowing Taihou to be hit in the first place.

quick shard
eternal veldt
#

or, if you're more a tinfoil hat conspirist, blame it on the poor welding of the avgas tanks of Taihou, which the chief designer himself admitted may be a possibility during a lecture at MIT.

autumn sorrel
eternal veldt
#

Nor was she your average standard fleet carrier. Like many said here before, the concept of her is a "floating airbase" - something more akin to HMS Unicorn.

autumn sorrel
#

Does shinano can even work as a fleet carrier, she is just a glorify aircraft transport

eternal veldt
#

she could carry ~120 unassembled plane kits, but with only 47 planes ready to go.

#

Granted, she could assemble them on the spot, but that's not her main thing.

autumn sorrel
#

Pretty small air group for her tonage

eternal veldt
#

She also carried aviation armament in her barbettes - those were not removed.

quick shard
eternal veldt
autumn sorrel
eternal veldt
#

with the war rapidly deteriorating, no time to do any kind of extensive work

#

just glue a single-storey hangar and a massive fuck off flight deck on it, it'll be fine

#

send her to the frontlines ASAP

#

then Yukikaze kills her

autumn sorrel
#

Man, IJN and their inefficient system

eternal veldt
#

I don't think efficiency has anything to do here

#

Midway was quite a blow that the Japanese sought to recover from hard

autumn sorrel
#

Didn’t shinano was hastily convert after midway

storm echo
#

and midway

eternal veldt
#

And even if they have carriers/planes, they simply don't have the men

#

three nearly completely Unryus were shoved into reserve because there are no aviators to crew them

autumn sorrel
#

And it circle back to their pilot program

eternal veldt
#

Fucking with the US long term is just not going to work

storm echo
#

the 5th carrier division had Good ships, but less experienced crew.

eternal veldt
#

not especially when the US basically shits on your entire merchant navy as well

#

doubly so when they finally unfucked the Mark 14

fleet summit
#

Hey arch

#

We're learning about the great depression though rn

autumn sorrel
#

IMO, what fucking them up the most is IJN tendency to drawn up complicated plan and their rigid adhere to doctrine

fleet summit
#

Tbh I like how Germany does all this cool regain stuff and Russia is just sitting in the chair doing nothing

#

They did have they're problems but weren't hit

eternal veldt
#

tfw you want a kantai kessen

#

"Ok, here's Midway"

#

"I said the REAL kantai kessen"
"Ok, here's Phillippines Sea"
"Really?"
"Yea, here's Leyte too."

fleet summit
#

Kantai is kinda mid

autumn sorrel
fleet summit
#

Lore wise

eternal veldt
eternal veldt
#

An exhausted enemy moving into positions easily predictable and interceptable.

#

We got our great success that way, so it shall work for all of our upcoming battles.

autumn sorrel
eternal veldt
#

Well, the decisive battle was expected to break enemy morale and convince the enemy that further conflict is ineffective and should not be done.

#

Slight issue: The US wants the emperor hanged after they did the funni at Pearl Harbor.

#

oops.

autumn sorrel
eternal veldt
#

Don't want to lose, don't bomb pearl harbor.

fleet summit
#

Hey no spoilers

#

I'm not there yet silver

#

We're barley learning how it was resolved

autumn sorrel
quick shard
#

goodnight history Fam!

eternal veldt
#

no, hang McCunter first

#

Man's incompetence was crucial in the rapid falls of the Philippines

#

Basically being unreachable when command was needed from him

fleet summit
#

Reeeeee

autumn sorrel
eternal veldt
#

Then draw and quarter him for his treatment towards PoW

#

"I will delay the rescue of PoWs because I have a massive ego and I want all the media attention of the surrender ceremony"

#

die.

autumn sorrel
#

At least Halsey was competent

eternal veldt
#

By marginal luck imo

#

Samar could have gone very very wrong

#

and his little Typhoon accident

autumn sorrel
#

Halsey greatest sin will away be Taffy 3

eternal veldt
#

Don't worry, it's just a storm

#

Wait, it's a typhoon

#

oh fuck 3 DDs capsized

#

RIP Spence

autumn sorrel
#

Who next to rip apart?

#

Prob Patton for me

eternal veldt
#

Patton has that Biscari thing and slapping for me, certainly not a fan of him for me

#

On the contrary, perhaps we should talk about some praiseworthy ones, but I don't have any on mind right now.

#

Langsdorf on Spee IIRC was a good fellow, but I don't know him much other than sparing the crew of any further bloodshed at River Plate, and actually following prize rules.

#

more Sirene's territory.

autumn sorrel
#

I think Teddy Jr, both him and his father seem to love being soldier and love their unit

maiden citrus
eternal veldt
#

I think he still persisted in ordering ships to stay in formation until quite late?

maiden citrus
eternal veldt
#

something something Fleet at Flood Tide

frigid karma
#

just stan spruance

#

When New Mexico was struck by two kamikaze on the night of 12 May 1945 a hasty search by Spruance's staff found the Admiral manning a fire hose amidship. Determining that New Mexico was not too badly damaged to remain on station Spruance kept her as his flagship for the rest of the campaign.

quick shard
#

Gahd wtf this maintenance is long asffff

eternal veldt
#

@manic latch Oi. For you. EmileSip

manic latch
#

Thank youPrayge

golden spindle
#

Didn’t her hull almost get done before they scrapped her

delicate beacon
#

Is this an O-class cirPrise

quick shard
#

looks like general had a history session

delicate beacon
#

They usually have an alternate history session.

quick shard
#

Ye but i prefer this one

eternal veldt
eternal veldt
#

Kronshtadt.

quick shard
#

looks like soyuz

eternal veldt
#

For comparison, Soyuz was around...20%?

storm echo
#

I

do not know what to say

quick shard
#

WAT

delicate beacon
#

Shinano was a luxurious tanker.

lapis delta
#

Russian navy "and then it got worse"

manic latch
quick shard
manic latch
#

Kronshtadt construction was kept slow since

#

They were waiting the guns from Germans

#

The 380mms

storm echo
quick shard
#

Lies

frigid karma
#

i don't see what's wrong

storm echo
frigid karma
#

Google just looks for the biggest one and calls it a day

delicate beacon
#

It's just that the answer isn't for the question posed.

eternal veldt
#

It was the US Naval Attache's estimate, but fair enough.

frigid karma
#

and to be fair, I can think of a few carriers worse than shinano

manic latch
storm echo
#

Taiho just had a fatal flaw and bad DMC

delicate beacon
quick shard
storm echo
#

Shinano on the other hand

eternal veldt
#

still, no good.

lapis delta
eternal veldt
#

Sevastopol (Kronshtadt class No.2) was even more lol,lmao.

quick shard
manic latch
lapis delta
eternal veldt
#

The two swapped places after Bismarck's gunfire disabled her forward radar.

#

This was not relayed over to Holland.

quick shard
delicate beacon
#

Did you know Bismarck's guns were so powerful they disabled her own radar! cirD

manic latch
lapis delta
delicate beacon
#

Holland the person. Not to be confused with the ship or county.

eternal veldt
#

Lancelot Holland, the commanding officer.

lapis delta
#

The shockwave cut the wires

eternal veldt
#

Also not a flaw inherent to Bismarck only.

quick shard
eternal veldt
#

Massachusetts and New Jersey both disabled their own radar by their own gun fire at some point. Do you call it a "hilarious design flaw" for them as well?

manic latch
#

Yes

eternal veldt
lapis delta
manic latch
#

Uhh

#

Bismarck didn't disable her radar during test fires

quick shard
#

wait wat happened to the other hipper classes

eternal veldt
#

Are you aware of how their radar gets disabled?

#

Bismarck was firing "over the beam" - at extreme angles.

quick shard
#

i know wat happened to blucher..

chilly osprey
#

Early electronics are very sensitive and radars being disabled by shock is not uncommon at all

eternal veldt
#

Most of the time, ships tend to fire directly broadside, contrary to what a video game will tell you.

#

When they don't do that, things get damaged.

delicate beacon
#

During many naval battles radio would just stop working every time a gun was fired.

eternal veldt
#

or worse, people get injured.

chilly osprey
#

Yep

quick shard
#

Ayy maintenance about to be over

lapis delta
eternal veldt
#

Rodney broke every lightbulb and allegedly every fucking forward urinal when she commenced fire on Bismarck.

frigid karma
#

and even then, sometimes it's better to fire flat broadside

eternal veldt
#

Her teak plating was also found to be in shambles.

#

Nelson, during gunnery trials, broke a lot of the bridge windows when firing not directly broadside.

delicate beacon
eternal veldt
#

Shockwaves are bad, and as Phoenix said, electronics are sensitive.

chilly osprey
#

Heck, big guns and modern radars don't mix to well either. This is why they couldn't give the Iowa's anything better than Stingers for air defense when she was modernizing in the 1980s

#

The types of radars needed to guided SAMs could not deal with the shock from 16" guns

eternal veldt
#

Or worse, you're a Yamato AA crew on an unshielded 25mm near the turrets

#

and you didn't hear the alarm for main guns going off because the ongoing action is too loud

frigid karma
eternal veldt
#

You don't just get burst eardrums

#

you die

manic latch
#

Skin tearing Pressure ye

eternal veldt
#

It collapses your lungs

frigid karma
#

you know

#

i really want a warship equivalent of gunner, heat, pc

eternal veldt
#

But yes, Bismarck in that case was telling Norfolk to piss off - who wandered too near while shadowing the squadron.

#

Hence firing at extreme angles, and disabling her radar. Not exactly an inherent flaw, rather an unforunate incident.

frigid karma
#

even in a video where an abrams is doing nothing more than shooting T-72s at night without them firing back, the crew voices alone make it more immersive than any other tank simulator

#

imagine this but for a warship

shrewd pecan
#

I don't really think

#

you could pull off the gunner heat PC voices

#

with naval combat

frigid karma
#

yeah, its a lot slower

manic latch
#

100 AA gunner yelling

frigid karma
#

maybe you can switch between positions and hear the voices for each one

manic latch
#

Just put conning tower voices

frigid karma
#

i.e. you can switch directly to the AA crewmen but you lose situational awareness of the rest of the ship

eternal veldt
#

be me
stare at PC for 6 hours, watching my ship get to the small waypoint at a godawful 10 knots
suddenly shells in the dark just straight up trash your ship and you can't fight back, go back to the dockyard

#

epic simulation

frigid karma
eternal veldt
#

or, just having a pleasure cruise and suddenly a US sub ruins your day

#

-Kongo

frigid karma
#

but i'm more talking about the sound effects

#

crew voices

manic latch
#

Qwerty ASMR

frigid karma
#

yes hearing people slowly burn alive in the fighting compartment

#

very relaxing

#

"oh my god, the tank is on fire"

eternal veldt
#

You're probably going to hear muffled screams if anything

#

those voice tubes get busted

frigid karma
#

context for anyone who hasn't seen ghpc

shrewd pecan
#

thonk I really could just play GHPC over WT and be much happier with my life

eternal veldt
#

Break free from the snail

shrewd pecan
#

I don't have to deal with KA-50s dumping 6 VIKRs at me at once in GHPC

frigid karma
#

just play air

#

and die to F-14s

#

play rank ii ar

shrewd pecan
#

I am the F-14

manic latch
#

Turkish Pantsir for US tech tree kek

shrewd pecan
manic latch
#

T-80U and Abrams

thorn trail
#

Hold on so I'm reading rn on the sinking of Edinburgh and I'm wondering why the ship never just fired back and actually casted away her tow?

delicate forge
manic latch
shut wren
#

I can run it im just too poor

thorn trail
manic latch
#

Avoid being sitting duck or smh

#

Goes circles instead

thorn trail
#

yeah wouldn't going in circles like make her more vulnerable than doing a steady course?

manic latch
#

Nah

manic latch
thorn trail
frigid karma
#

have you tried dive bombing anything before

#

or torpedo bombing anything

#

even in a game like wows

thorn trail
manic latch
frigid karma
#

it's pretty difficult to hit anything turning

#

general rule

#

when dive bombing you want the target to be head on to you

#

when torpedo bombing you want them to be broadsiding to you

manic latch
#

Going straight is one dimension calculation. Circle wants you two dimension

frigid karma
#

if you're turning, there's only one moment when you'll be broadside on/head on to the plane

#

which means either the enemy plane has to turn with you to find the optimal attack heading (no small feat given you're under constant aa and fighter attack and you're likely carrying hundreds to thousands of pounds of bombs)

#

or wait until you're at the right position (again, no small feat)

shut wren
#

^what he said

#

is dive bombing with a Tu-2 possible

#

with max load

frigid karma
#

It's a heavy bomber

#

i suppose you can dive with it, probably not for long

#

either you pull up pretty early or you keep dive bombing and you give up on the chance to pull up

shut wren
#

welp

#

time to jump out

thorn trail
frigid karma
frigid karma
shut wren
#

Russian bomber tho

frigid karma
#

i'm sure it's very different

frigid karma
thorn trail
frigid karma
#

oh, right

#

she did fire back

manic latch
#

She can dive bomb as I know

thorn trail
#

Why

manic latch
thorn trail
#

Why did Germans make almost all their bombers dive bombers

manic latch
#

Tu-2 is a frontline bomber

#

So it can dive easily

frigid karma
#

oh a tu-2, yeah probably

alpine onyx
#

Dive bombing brought quick results early

#

And turned out to be something British Naval AA was utterly inept against

manic latch
thorn trail
#

it just seems funny to me that the Germans made everything a dive bomber, even their largest bombers

manic latch
#

Ju-87 experience

#

Dive bombers are accurate

#

That's why naval doesn't use carpet bombers

#

Usually

alpine onyx
#

Allows near pin point accuracy

#

They saw the concept in Spain, and then adopted it for their doctrine

#

The result worked very well in Poland and France, so they stuck with it

#

It also worked well against ships, they got two Tribals in the first months of the war with dive bombing attacks

shut wren
#

Tribals?

wintry moat
#

Tribal class destroyers

shut wren
#

i see

eternal veldt
#

Gurkha and Afridi?

frigid karma
#

Coolest tribal name

eternal veldt
#

Honestly, if there's one thing the RN is good at most of the time, it's picking names 😛

#

...Ignoring conventions and all that.

wintry moat
#

yeah

#

I prefer the British way of naming stuff

shut wren
#

they should just name it like

#

wait i dont think i can say this

eternal veldt
#

It has ups and downs.

#

the US system is easy enough to recognise and figure out a pattern.

#

RN.....fucking good luck with that, minus the ABCDEFGs.

shut wren
#

I like china's way of naming capital ships after provinces

manic latch
#

OTO Melara 60mm M113

ivory ridge
delicate beacon
#

Does it matter? All OTOs are Bofors ripoffs anyway.

tough quail
#

dutch kremlin strikes again

spring briar
manic latch
ivory ridge
frigid karma
#

Lay thine eyes upon xi’s towel and plate

spring briar
frigid karma
spring briar
#

No boats

shrewd pecan
#

at least the vehicle is the Israeli one

ivory ridge
#

Yeah thought so

#

Then again the 60mm kinda started as a join project

#

Iirc

#

I dont remember the details

shrewd pecan
#

its the Israeli M113 with the 60 MM so its safe to assume its the Israeli one

frigid karma
#

"what fool will sell us his secrets?"

#

old reference

shut wren
tough quail
#

and then learned absolutely nothing from it because a T-80U is still better than any challenger variant

tough quail
#

's what it says on the tin

frigid karma
#

especially post 45 britain

tough quail
#

better gun, better protection, better weight and mobility

#

i guess chally's got better thermals later

#

but thats basically it

shut wren
tough quail
#

the last time the british got a gotcha like this was the t-54 in hungary

#

which led to gods gift to NATO the L7

shut wren
#

How long would it take to reverse engineer a type 2 civilization spaceship

shrewd pecan
#

in terms of the British rifled 120 MM and the 125 it’s a toss up

#

tho the British gun doesn’t really have the same limitations as the T-80s autoloader puts on the gun

tough quail
#

🤨

#

yes on all fronts

shrewd pecan
#

If it’s going to crack a chally 2 it’s going to crack a T-80U

tough quail
#

challenger 2s are fat, slow barges with terrible protection schemes

cinder escarp
#

CR2 has no hull armor at all lmao, and no mantlet. The turret cheeks are the only good parts of the scheme.

tough quail
#

yeah

#

you are hilariously wrong on this

shrewd pecan
#

man I’d give it to you if it was a T-80BVM

#

but T-80U nah

tough quail
#

nope, it's just a T-80U

cinder escarp
#

and I'm personally involved in the CR2 leaks so I'd know about that mantlet issue

shrewd pecan
#

🤨 the T-80s mantlet isn’t even that well protected either

tough quail
#

its less huge

#

the tank by large is much lower profile and has actual hull armor

#

especially bad if we keep in mind not all ammo in existence is built to get through K5 either

#

then it's just sad to be in a challenger

manic latch
cinder escarp
#

tfw I put fake declassified stamps on my document

shrewd pecan
#

the infamous

manic latch
#

So about this Abrams graph

#

Where is current Chal 2 level

shrewd pecan
#

maximum protection SEP 3

#

oh heavier than that

cinder escarp
#

In terms of weight off the chart

#

84 US tons in TES standard

shrewd pecan
#

I’m just of the opinion I’d rather be in the Chally 2 than the T-80U

cinder escarp
#

tfw internal opinion was that CR2 is crap

manic latch
#

While stronger turret face its bigger

cinder escarp
shrewd pecan
#

Historically chally 2s have had far less of a tendency of having the turret go to space

#

I also have actual fire control systems to work with

tough quail
#

de fune turret explod

#

dat mean tenk bad

tough quail
#

all the rigorous protracted combat challenger 2s have been in like

shrewd pecan
#

that was the tank being scuttled

tough quail
#

five minutes of jihadi plinking

manic latch
#

So flying turret is fine when it's scuttled

shrewd pecan
#

wasn’t that the bulk of the T-80Us until recently as well

tough quail
#

your tank is shit

#

flap supremacy

shrewd pecan
#

thonk tho I would rather be in a T-80 than a challenger 1 to be fair

tough quail
#

stand by for my hip tank girl gacha tier list

#

i mean dont get me wrong, i like chally 2s because they're incredibly

shrewd pecan
#

Once the T-80 gets actual fire control then my opinion switches around so T-80BVM > chally 2

tough quail
#

incredibly aesthetic

#

best looking mbt in service atm by a mile

#

probably my third favorite tank in general

cinder escarp
tough quail
#

but i know when to say it's shit next to its competitors

#

and boy howdy does it suck ass compared to a T-80U

cinder escarp
#

During the great dig on challenger info, even went down to metallurgy.

shrewd pecan
#

idk I’m just of the opinion that I’m more likely to win in a chally 2 than I am in a T-80U

tough quail
#

unfortunately that's not the truth

cinder escarp
#

I've got pages of this stuff in my DMs with Korv.

tough quail
#

and there's much more to being a good tank than "can i win this 1v1 joust"

shrewd pecan
#

as in I actually have modern fire control systems to usually get the first shot off and actually win the engagement

manic latch
sleek folio
#

oh wow that's war

#

not a wikipedia page

shrewd pecan
#

again Id rather be in neither if I’m getting hit

manic latch
tough quail
shrewd pecan
cinder escarp
#

You'd be amazed at the stuff that leaks through censorship over the decades. (This isn't a Chally but it's not hard to figure out what it is...)

manic latch
shrewd pecan
#

man I’m not even speaking 1v1

manic latch
subtle prawn
shrewd pecan
#

I’m just thinking the chally 2s gonna be better for going into combat with over the T-80U

tough quail
#

it wont

cinder escarp
#

It only one because Thatcher put her foot down that the tank had to be domestic.

tough quail
#

especially not a 90s ch2

cinder escarp
#

Also, the entire mantlet area and not just the gun mask on CR2 is unarmored.

manic latch
#

I miss Object 477 cryingjesusholy

cinder escarp
#

(I have more photos, but those wedges are hollow and just used for routing things like cables)

manic latch
#

Common Mantlet shots can be real or myth

subtle prawn
spring briar
#

Iltam zumra rashupti ilatim

shut wren
#

PLAGF Abrams when

shrewd pecan
#

if you mantlet any tank odds are it’s gonna end being combat ineffective

strong plank
tough quail
#

the thing is the mantlet isnt just unarmored

#

its also huge

spring briar
cinder escarp
#

It's about a third of the turret width

#

It's a lot better on CR1

tough quail
spring briar
#

3500 bce moment

tough quail
#

i mean the leaks dont really matter practically speaking

strong plank
#

Gotta win those internet brownie points somehow

tough quail
#

nobody is out there reading the WT forums and then trying to aim for the mantlet

shrewd pecan
#

man it’s the tank that’s being re turreted right mow

cinder escarp
#

what if I told you that soldier, who was part of ADTU, didn't get more than a slap on the wrist for it?

shrewd pecan
#

alongside the tank that’s probably gonna end up having a few destroyed in combat pretty soon

tough quail
#

i wonder what happened to the guy who literally did a recording of the turret traversing with a stop watch

manic latch
# tough quail i mean the leaks dont really matter practically speaking

Fucking finally Arena-M appears again for water proof tests

"The Arena-M active defense complex on the T-72 tank has successfully passed tests not only with Russian anti-tank missile systems, but also with foreign, captured ammunition (likely Javelin and Nlaw). We were informed about this in the holding "High-precision complexes" of the state corporation "Rostec".
In the future, the Arena-M active protection complex is planned to be installed on T-90 and T-80 tanks"

tough quail
#

sure i would

#

someone could leak how shit the ufp is

#

it doesn't really matter because everyones aiming center mass anyway

shrewd pecan
#

If it’s on war thunder forums it’s probably already in the hands of intelligence agencies

tough quail
#

also that

tough quail
#

there's probably a dude in china who can hand build CR2s out of clay as of a decade ago

strong plank
shrewd pecan
#

listen man if the T-72 makes it past the minefield and artillery they already have god on their side

#

They don’t need a APS