OTD 81 years ago Darwin was destroyed for the second time in its history, not by natural forces but by Japanese bombs
After the crippling allied defeats in December and January with the loss of Singapore and the Dutch East Indes, Australia was a nation with an uncertain future
Many allied forces retreating from the formerly Dutch East Indes and their surrounds found themselves in Darwin supporting the final campaigns of the Allied retreat such as the brutal Guerrilla war on Timor, making the relatively undefended city a prime target for the IJN, and so Kido Butai would strike on February 19, launching over 200 aircraft at the city and the ships sheltering in its port
The Japanese would achieve almost complete surprise a lack of ground radar stations meant that the Japanese strike was not spotted until shortly before it made landfall, leaving precious little time for the handful of RAAF and USAAF aircraft to get airborne, made worse by RAAF officers believing the report sent to them by the coastwatchers was referring to a flight of 10 American P-40s returning from a patrol
As the attack begun, a Japanese pilot shot down 5 American P-40s without support and between 10am and 10:30 the Japanese would sink 3 warships, 6 merchants and damage 10 others
The MV Neptunia was an oil tanker moored at the primary dock in the city during the attack, resulting in a massive explosion and one of the most famous pictures of the attack, a further 30 allied aircraft were destroyed either in the air or on the ground
The second wave arrived at 12pm consisting of 54 medium bombers which dealt considerable damage to RAAF Base Darwin and sank a handful of survivors of the first wave
approximately 300 people were killed in the attack (some estimates go up to 1000) and up to 400 wounded including civilians
The Japanese meanwhile lost 4 aircraft and 5 aicrew, 3 to ground fire and one in the only Allied aerial victory of the battle, a singular RAAF Wirraway trainer which got airborne and managed to achieve the only Air to Air kill the type managed in the entire war, often reported to have been a Zero but today is widely believed to have been a D3A Val
The city itself would be mostly abandoned by the civilian population after the bombing, most civilian services such as electricity and water were destroyed or damaged and faith in the Allies ability to defend Australia from the Japanese had completely collapsed, many of whom would never return
The Allies meanwhile, recognising the vulnerability of Darwin would again relocate forces to the South. The American Asiatic submarine squadron, which was originally looking to base itself out of Darwin would decide to base themselves out of Broome, until a Japanese attack on that location resulted in a further relocation to Fremantle, where it would remain for the rest of the war
The Japanese would launch minor raids on Darwin a few more times after this, and also would attack other Northern bases but no further attacks of this scale would occur, as the military necessity no longer existed after the Allied flight from the city
Darwin would later become a refuelling base for Allied aircraft and ships heading North to attack the Dutch East Indes but would not until the end of the war be in a position to act as a significant player in Allied planning in the region