So there's no reason it can't include the navy
#history
chilly osprey
PLA itself is a poor translation of a term that more means 'military force' rather than army
Hence why the army itself is the PLAGF
tribal mortar
historical theory question if it's fine but what do you see happening if the British royal navy had failed to sink the Bismarck and it returned to france ?
dapper parcel
Heck, considering the geography, home fleet could simply sail off the coast and do numbers
humble mulch
Yeah that works too
Atlantic wall wouldn't be set up well enough either so shore batteries aren't as much as a concern at this time
manic latch
historical theory question if it's fine but what do you see happening if the Bri...
Wehrboo propaganda of 2000s increasing tenfold since Royal Navy of that size failed to sink Bismarck 
manic latch
Shandong
tender monolith
cope slope?
desert agate
so much LRASM bait being posted in this channel recently
manic latch
cope slope?
Slope indeed 
manic latch
What ye typing Spon. For like 10 min 
desert agate
Gibraltar bunker at Pozieres
Pozieres was one of the most brutal and intense battles which the Australian Imperial Force fought, and Pozieres Ridge was said to be "more densely sown with Australian sacrifice than any other place on earth" by Australia's official war historian Charles Bean
German artillery was and machine guns were perfectly emplaced to inflict maximum casualties on the Australian forces attempting to take the town. AIF commanders were fully aware of this and British commanders repeatedly attempted to pressure the first division into attacking prematurely, however AIF officers, who had been with the division since the battle of Gallipoli, refused to attack until fully adequate preparations had been made
as a result of being the first into the battle, the first division also faced the most brutal combat of the battle, suffering more than 5000 casualties in a week of fighting between the 23rd and and 28th of July 1916
after being relieved, the 2nd division was sent in, however the 2nd divisions officers were much less experienced than those of the first, so when British commanders pressured for a premature attack, the inexperienced commander of the division caved to the pressure, ordering an attack on the 29th, a mere day after taking up the lines and relieving the 1st division, as a result within 2 days the 2nd division had suffered more than 3500 men, and their attack on the German lines failed
The British, once again pressuring for an attack, were resolute in demanding a swift taking of the German lines, but the 2nd division would not make the same mistake twice, and so delayed until all adequate preparations for the attack were made, and on the 4th of August, the 2nd division went over the top, swiftly taking the German lines and holding the high ground on Pozieres Ridge, in its 12 days on the line the 2nd division suffered nearly 7000 casualties
on the 5th of August, the now exhausted 2nd division was relieved by the 4th division, whose job was to hold the gains paid for by the sacrifice of the other two divisions, and on the 7th of August, a massed German attack overran the 4th divisions lines, which could only thinly man the old German positions, and the Australian troops retreated to their dugouts, and the Germans advanced to Pozieres, however at this time of crisis, Lt Albert Jacka, a Victoria Cross recipient and Gallipoli veteran, emerged from his dugout charging the Germans from the rear, inspiring other isolated troops to do the same, engaging the Germans in brutal hand to hand combat, and as the Germans began to be outflanked, many surrendered, thus securing Pozieres.
In the entire battle the 3 divisions of the AIF suffered 23'000 casualties, with the 1st and 2nd divisions suffering 8000 casualties each (the 1st division would have a second tour of Pozieres in August), and the fourth division suffering 7000
The battle of Pozieres remains the deadliest single battle in Australian military history
Pozieres itself was utterly obliterated by the fighting, to the point where the only evidence the town existed at all was the Gibraltar Bunker itself, and the road running through the centre of the town (which I hit and killed a bird on) and to this day there are many memorials in the town to the Australian troops who paid the ultimate sacrifice
Lest we Forget
as a small tangent, today there's not all that much left of Gibraltar bunker, the concrete of the fortification itself remains but over the last 105 years, it's become somewhat buried by soil and plant matter due to natural erosion and soil movements and manmade earthworks in the area as the town and area surrounding the town has recovered from the battle
scars still remain, while all of the buildings in the town are less than 100 years old, some parts of the town and its surroundings which are not farmland show very clear signs of craters from artillery, mines and trenches, and even today farmers still pull up UXO, with many fitting armour plating to the bottom of their tractors, deaths are not common however there is at least 1 incident every ploughing season
pictured is Gibraltar bunker as of about 3 months ago, picture credits to myself
spring briar
desert agate
also rip that bird lmfao should have gotten out of the way though
manic latch
Gibraltar bunker at Pozieres
Pozieres was one of the most brutal and intense bat...
Is it really often British officers wanting colonial forces to act as meat for grinder?
desert agate
as with all historical generalisations
theres some truth to it
and some falsehood
desert agate
for example at Gallipoli, British troops suffered higher casualty rates than the Australians
manic latch
Damn I thought it was mostly Aus
desert agate
but at the same time, Australian troops were often sent totally unprepared without adequate maps or reconnaissance against many of the strongest Turkish positions
A/NZ generally remember Gallipoli far more vividly than the British and French, but both nations dedicated more troops to the campaign than both countries combined
but the British generally remember Gallipoli as "oh that thing that happened" and the French have mostly erased Gallipoli from their national memory, with the French memorials to the battle being completely overrun and unmaintained on the Asian side of the Dardanelles
desert agate
I'd say that's probably because a huge number of French casualties in the battle were Senegalese or other colonial troops, many of whom faced an unironic enemy at the gates moment where they were forced over the trenches at gunpoint
which uh
yeah
was a thing
that happened
but yes the whole "colonial/dominion troops were cannon fodder for the British" isn't entirely a myth but isn't entirely true either and there's a lot i could say on the topic oveerally but it's also 12:30am and I have uni tomorrow morning so I wont
spiral cedar
14.5" barrel be like
spring briar
it helps a lot yes
but focus is more on 9x39 here
which
unsurprisingly for a boat tailed super heavy projectile
is barely losing velocity
but still has the trajectory of a potato
(45 acp is the potato)
I am
in need
spiral cedar
Are potatoes boat tailed
tough quail
truly blessed
tough quail
preach
tough quail
a full VSS would be super dope
exotic scarab
anyone know any books on the german states during the napleonic wars (preferabbly without austria and prussia) in english
frigid karma
USS Texas in North Atlantic on Neutrality Patrol, summer 1941. She would be stalked during the trip by U-203.[740x485]
@maiden citrus
tough quail
desert agate
POV: Red Army soldier hiding in the bushes with an anti tank gun
undone remnant
scenery picc
spiral cedar
desert agate
simple star
hello peeps
spiral cedar
Hello
desert agate
Greetings
spring briar
hi fren
desert agate
HMAS Sydney leads the Royal Australian Navy though Sydney Heads for the first time
October 4 1913
The fleet of the Royal Australian Navy was intended to signify Australia's new foreign policy position, where Australia would play an active and important role in enforcing her interests in Asia and the world at large
Quite literally overnight Australia was catapulted from a minor colony of the British empire with no real ability to project its own interests beyond its own borders, to one of the largest naval powers in the Asia Pacific region
This so called 'first fleet' of the RAN would, however, be subsumed as an article of the Royal Navy, allowing itself to be placed under direct British control upon the declaration of war, HMAS Australia herself would spend more time in British waters than in Australian waters for most of her life.
This was intentional, as Australia at this time did not have the population or economic potential to effectively shield itself from a major world power such as Japan, America or Russia, it needed to align itself with a foreign naval power, such as the British, who, while not necessarily having Australia's interests at heart, would provide a powerful deterrent against any foreign aggressor.
The RAN was powerful, but it was intended to be a fleet unit of the Royal Navy, to enforce both Australian and British interests, as in 1913 these interests were seen as identical, and any idea of Australia having interests which could possibly diverge from the Britain was unthinkable.
The First World War would prove this idea wrong in a most bloody fashion
ivory ridge
Oh i finally found again the shipbucket pic that shows how the midget sub was placed on Da Vinci
manic latch
frame caught by local TV. The Aegis testing ship Kaohsiung. Clear view of the Aegis tower and the VLS systems.
south forge
What grenades did the Austro-Hungarians use during the Brusilov Offensive, at Caporetto and during Vittorio Veneto?
tough quail
frame caught by local TV. The Aegis testing ship Kaohsiung. Clear view of the Ae...
that looks cooler than it has any right to
manic latch
that looks cooler than it has any right to
spiral cedar
This spirited fight, certainly VF-71’s wildest, proved archetypical of the Guadalcanal campaign as a whole. The Americans claimed four Zeros and did finish the two flown by Gotō and Yoshimura. Yamashita later ditched his battered fighter farther up the Slot. In turn the Japanese notched five Grummans (one unconfirmed) on their tally, but actually only bruised two of the sturdy Wildcats, whose pilots lived to fight again. The fight also spawned two humorous anecdotes. Norm Brown teased Foss: “You don’t fight fair. You get up so close to the Zeros that it would be impossible for anybody to miss. Why, you actually leave powder burns on ’em.” Later Foss told his friend Danny Doyle that for the first time the Japanese had put no bullets in his plane. Startled, Doyle pointed to a neat row of holes in Foss’s turtleback. “What do you call those?” he wanted to know.
subtle prawn
tough quail
given you dont have to fist fight a tank with it
cinder escarp
PIAT is smokeless and has a better warhead than the smaller panzerfausts
It is of course, absolutely miserable to use and has absurdly bad ballistics
And the Panzerschreck is the true best infantry AT system deployed in Europe by end of war.
(Had M20 Super Bazooka made it in time for V-E day, it would have put the crown back in Allied hands)
eager dove
piat wins by being the spicy nerf football launcher
gloomy glacier
Spring loaded fun time
manic latch
Used Yak-9s
French pilot Bruno de Faletans, killed on a mission, and a Soviet radio operator in April 1943.
manic latch
<:NagatoEmbarassed:722873393698963536>
A monument to Bruno de Faletans and Sergei Astakhov not far from Vvedenskoye is dedicated to this French-Russian brotherhood in arms. It is a place for the Moscow French to gather for the Victory Day on the 8th of May.
spring briar
tough quail
dope
shrewd pecan
Wasn’t ever mentioned here to my knowledge but the merkava recently had its first ever export to the Philippines of all places
Philippines bought 4 bridge layers based off of the merkava IV
spiral cedar
Mythical or mystical arguments obscured the technical dominion of the defense, giving this faith in the offense aspects of a cult, or a mystique, as Marshall Joffre remarked in his memoirs. For instance, Foch mistakenly argued that the machine gun actually strengthened the offense: "Any improvement of firearms is ultimately bound to add strength to the offensive....Nothing is easier than to give a mathematical demonstration of that truth." If two thousand men attacked one thousand, each man in both groups firing his rifle once a minute, he explained, the "balance in favor of the attack" was one thousand bullets per minute. But if both sides could fire ten times per minute, the "balance in favor of the attacker" would increase to ten thousand, giving the attack the overall advantage. With equally forced logic, Bernhard wrote that the larger the army the longer defensive measures would take to execute, owing to "the difficulty of moving masses"; hence, he argued, as armies grew, so would the relative power of the offense.
maiden citrus
the kind of logic of one soldier with an assault rifle can win vs 200 soldiers with revolvers because the former has more bullets
maiden citrus
they only get a few shots each
tough quail
well yeah but an assault rifle only has like 20 rounds usually
incredibly based three mile long belt assault rifle
maiden citrus
goes well with the example honestly
'this one fire faster it the more gooder nothing else matters'
you see if we give our soldiers rifles that fire 10krpm we will win against trenches and artillery fire because we shoot faster than they do
tough quail
okay honestly if you did have a gun that fast you might be on to something
because at that point you're firing so obscenely quickly you could just drill through the fucking trenches
maiden citrus
the new isekai, a single cwis operator, with his cwis, is transported back to ww1
unfortunately, his cwis cannot be transported on his shoulder, so as of the example, it cannot be used offensively and nothing happens
strong plank
what about a large wagon
maiden citrus
I actually really want to know what time period that quote is from specifically
since it disregards that heavier, stronger weapons can be used on defense vs offense due to needing less mobility and not being able to be carried by a soldier, the fact that defense can use terrain or fortifications to withstand attacker weapons, and that bernhard's commentary on defensive measures being difficult due to moving masses is... well, holding a defensive line is a bit easier than advanced offensive maneuvers of your moving people
gilded girder
the new isekai, a single cwis operator, with his cwis, is transported back to ww...
The
The comically large Gatling gun
spiral cedar
Just before WWI basically
maiden citrus
ah
so they are about to 'fuck around and find out'™
what was that one german gun that had like a bajillion fire rate that horse hates
I want to say the mg34/42 but I'm not sure
humble mulch
yes
both had high fire rates
maiden citrus
The German military instructed that sustained fire must be avoided at all costs. They ruled that the results of sustained fire were disappointing and that the expenditure of ammunition involved was "intolerable."```mg 42 even more so
cause
ammo production, aiming, and other things get sent to hell on something thats that basic yet so fast
maiden citrus
b-but bro we fired more bullets, we win
humble mulch
gilded girder
b-but bro we fired more bullets, we win
I guess the only place where that works are on uhh
Idk
Planes?
maiden citrus
even then you can have the same trouble
which is why a lot of f4f pilots on the 4 gun variant basically told the f4f 6 gun variant crews to git gud, since if you're missing with 4, you expend even more ammo missing with 6
except for some specialty stuff, there's more or less a goldilocks zone for fire rate for a lot of stuff
basically high enough where you hit stuff in things like a sweep, but not so high you run out of ammo super quick when you miss
tough quail
what was that one german gun that had like a bajillion fire rate that horse hate...
yeah its the mg42
(its also really fucking bad as a result)
tough quail
even before you start thinking about the whole bolt bounce issue
and the gun literally exploding
maiden citrus
yeah
tough quail
ive mentioned it before but germany forgot that uh
suppressive fire is supposed to be sustainable
as to suppress
maiden citrus
'we're having trouble making ammo'
'let's make a weapon that fires twice as fast as a browning for some reason'
'ok"
"hanz where is the ammo"
tough quail
and you're not supposed to build your gun like it needs to pass a fucking DPS check to kill the next raid boss in the hot new mmo known as "the eastern front"
the russians wont know what the fuck hit them when we mow down the shitty baba yaga with our months ammo supply in six minutes
tough quail
at least mg42s looked cool
desert agate
Germans firing their MG for longer than 5 seconds (they have just welded their barrel to the receiver)
maiden citrus
equip asbestos gloves to protect self
tough quail
call up the dedicated barrel bucket guy
maiden citrus
when you change out the barrel that overheated
in like 2 seconds
and needs replaced
desert agate
The
The barrel pisser
🤝 🇬🇧
desert agate
Brits making small arms vs Brits making armoured vehicles
frigid karma
The Matilda is perfect in every way
gilded girder
The Hedgehog Matilda tho
desert agate
Hedgehog is based
junior trench
even before you start thinking about the whole bolt bounce issue
Don't forget the barrel welding itself to the muzzle booster if you aren't properly German about burst control
The problems haven't gone away either
Just see the meme of the US soldiers telling the German "it's a machine gun!"
Cus the MG3 will actively try to kill itself
humble mulch
this is why im a ZB 53 simp
Even the Uk licensed the damn thing
Czechs are in fact the better engineers
junior trench
The MoWAS2 Romanian defense mission let's you yoink the ZB 53s off things and put them onto the StuG roof mounts
In place of the MG 42s
humble mulch
based as fuck
junior trench
It outright replaces the MG42s for Romanians on half tracks
So you can just endlessly acquire them
gilded girder
this is why im a ZB 53 simp
Fellow BESA enjoyers 🤝
humble mulch
I should do that on my models
junior trench
Relatively speaking
You can also do funny shit like have one of the infantry yoink the ZB 53 off the vic and use it on foot
Weakest Romanian infantryman, using a 21kg MG as an individual weapon
Oh
Well
Compare this to the MG 42 lmao
It was designed to withstand five minutes of constant fire, after which time the barrel had to be changed due to wear.
humble mulch
romanians and killing barrels for absolutely amazing results
dusty kraken
Who needs a barrel smh
Remove the barrel for extra spread for proper suppression
Soldiers will cower in fear if they have zero idea where you're aiming because you're not aiming at all
eternal veldt
dapper parcel
oh shit you almost get me with that headline...
eternal veldt
Hehe
maiden citrus
blows smoke off pistol granted via donation to Texas fund, made of USS Texas steel
maiden citrus
it was one of the rewards for making a large donation
you get a pistol made from the steel of texas
spring briar
damn
not the best steel but really nice
is the entire pistol made from the steel?
or just the exterior parts
like slide
mag
etc
maiden citrus
maiden citrus
spring briar
friggin pepper spray is illegal in Belgium
maiden citrus
maiden citrus
I almost went for it when they sent me a letter of the offer a few years ago, unsure if it's the same as this one
but this one does look really cool
spring briar
bang bang
eternal veldt
Texas gun vs Tirpitz knife
even after decommissioning/destruction Texas beats Tirpitz 
spring briar
knives work better against soft body armor
eternal veldt
Well, it's anime for a reason
At least I guess I'm as dense as a harem protagonist
without the harem
spring briar
anime characters with a knife cutting bullets but you've thrown some hardened steel penetrators in there
fierce sparrow
junior trench
so
I was unaware that British 4-5.25" naval gun fuckery went even farther than I was aware
I already knew the RN went through the trouble of designing and building totally new 4.7" BL guns for just two destroyers, rather than replacing them with the newer 4.7" QF guns when the old guns were worn out
I was unaware that the RN went through the trouble of designing and building entirely new versions of the WW1 era 4"/45 QF Mk V in the midst of WW2
maiden citrus
their navweaps list page for weapons that size is sure a sight to behold
junior trench
rather than consolidating production onto the 4"/45 QF Mark XVI
"we have a newer higher performance 4" that's very nearly the same weight that we've essentially standardized on. should we keep standardizing on it more by using this production capacity to make more Mark XVI guns to replace Mark V's as they wear out?"
junior trench
"no, let's design and build an entirely new version of the Mark V so we can keep using Mark Vs"
the Mark V** is from 1937
post dating the design date of the Mark XVI
and the VC was designed and built while the war was going
spring briar
ivory ridge
Skill issue
junior trench
they even went through the trouble of designing, building, and installing twin 4"/45 QF Mark V BD mounts for Repulse
which ended up being a failure and getting removed two years later
spring briar
investment
junior trench
the installation postdates the design of the 4.5" and their BD mount
which were inspired by the 4" BD mount
rapid junco
You reminded me that i'm working on a suggestion for them
And that i didn't finished writing my email about it 
Almeida and the bomb
manic latch
Please Gaijin 
Oshkosh JLTV with John Cockerill CPWS Gen.2 fitted with 25 mm M242 chain gun
shrewd pecan
get 50 cal’d to death simulator
rather they just add the Griffin III if there gonna give the US another IFV
give the US a BMP-2M and Puma competitor
shrewd pecan
I’m referring to mainly war thunder since he mentioned gaijin
manic latch
shrewd pecan
the JTLV would likely be god awful since the 25 MM bushmaster isn’t all that good ingame and it’s missiles would likely put it at a BR where it’s 25 MM is gonna be miserable
manic latch
sexy tho
shrewd pecan
if the US is gonna get anything I’d want something like the Griffin III or even the Stryker dragoon
30 MM would be useable, gets proximity fuze and the option to get javelins once proper F&F missiles get added
Griffin III would just be American CV-90 equivalent gameplay wise
spring briar
manic latch
frigid karma
When your 7 inch gun has battleship rates of fire
manic latch
When your 7 inch gun has battleship rates of fire
The designer of the new turret managed to persuade his superiors that he could fit triple turrets to the ship while keeping it within the specified limit
Should have sticked double
frigid karma
Double had a 4.5 rpm
Triple had 2
So ironically making double turrets would’ve upped the rof by 50%
manic latch
So ironically making double turrets would’ve upped the rof by 50%
Or you know. Just putting it on 152mms instead
manic latch
Kirov with 3 twin 203’s
Finally a heavy cruiser for west
maiden citrus
you are missing something
manic latch
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/586216580463984650/1004501982838526143/un...
Ah the good ol isolationism
exotic scarab
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/586216580463984650/1004501982838526143/un...
im sorry but
they litterally went across the pacfic to attack hawaii
if thats not asking for a fight idk what is
maiden citrus
'they only warcrimed us, killed thousands of people and did billions in damage, why get involved in the war?'
exotic scarab
i know us being a global police is its whole can of worms
but japan was doing a ton of warcrimes in china and the pacfic
frigid karma
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/586216580463984650/1004501982838526143/un...
We employed a sophisticated form of self defense by neutralizing the source of the threat
Fire bombing half of Tokyo into dust
exotic scarab
frigid karma
LeMay was willing to personally get into the plane and commit war crimes
spring briar
@manic latch
exotic scarab
"serbia only funded terrorists groups in our land and shot our heir,why should we go to war with them"
manic latch
<@688903088819404825> <:Blessex:753375684126310451>
exotic scarab
Anyone know any good books on the Balkan front in ww1
manic latch
Anyone know any good books on the Balkan front in ww1
Didn't read it myself but
Reviews looks good
spiral cedar
Boolet
subtle prawn
fierce sparrow
rapid junco
<:KyaruCry:898383570123517963>
I didn't even bother to see the comments of the articles
I'm pretty sure that there will be plenty of people happy about it
And some even wanting to scrap Atlântico or even the whole fleet
junior trench
We could have had the poomer
PUMA can go fuck itself
terse tinsel
Do yall think if Yorktown wouldn’t have been torpedoed, she could have been repaired and put back into the theatre?
spiral cedar
Yes
terse tinsel
She probably would have changed the course of a few battles
At least i think
I dunno
At least accelerate the Japanese loss
spiral cedar
The only battle where her presence could turn the tide would probably have been the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, and that’s only 4 months after Midway. So it would have to be a tight squeeze to get her back home, replace her flooded machinery, patch her up, and send her back out in time
terse tinsel
Eh idk. That’s really close, I doubt 4 months would be enough. Well maybe, she was under tow and her boilers i think had fired up again
shrewd pecan
sometimes I just look at the Iranian arms industry and wonder why
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiam_(tank)
man at somepoint I had someone argue with me that this was better than the Bradley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran_IFV
tough quail
and he was correct
strong plank
This another case of
“trust us it’s not a prototype we’re definitely going to produce more”?
maiden citrus
'it's good, please, we promise, here's the clipboard we wrote numbers on, we'll make more than 1 if we get a morbillion dollars'
strong plank
bruh I only just now noticed the comically small tracks
or maybe that’s a perspective thing
dapper parcel
That's your bog (quite literally) standard PT76 tracks
interesting that they keep the flotation wheels
also interesting that they keep the 4+2 arrangement, which means almost nothing are changed in the undercarriage
shrewd pecan
bruh I only just now noticed the comically small tracks
its built off the BTR-50
its unironically one of the worse platforms to build a IFV off especially with the configuration of the hull
I still have no idea how the hell dismounts get out of the Makran
there's no rear ramp
guessing roof hatches
yup roof hatches
so 9-12 dismounts having to get out of the top hatch while under fire
strong plank
honestly I think the funniest part of that is that it started in 1944
Italian campaign is going on
Normal Italians: “hey maybe the allies aren’t so bad after all”
This guy: “YOOOOOOOOOO”
ivory ridge
maiden citrus
freedome italio
manic latch
Army NASA
chilly osprey
Oh joy, digitization of archival material!
Though, looking at the specific wording, probably only tangentially of interest for our purposes...
desert agate
here is your reminder that we have less than 3 years until all undigitised audiovisual material remaining in archives will be lost forever
this may be published by the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia but it is by no means an Australian problem, it is a global problem
archives around the world are being forced to decide what is worth preserving and what isn't
i would highly advise you that you spread the news about this
this is a problem of which solving is in the global interest
remote monolith
dapper parcel
2025 is such an arbitrary deadline 
desert agate
it's not
dapper parcel
A lot of tapes are practically lost already, thank you whoever decided NC is good base
desert agate
it has nothing to do with the tapes themselves
the tapes are fine and many archives have invested in tapes that will last for decades longer with the information on them
the issue is that the equipment to read them is no longer manufactured
these tapes differ to the consumer grade VHS tapes and require specialist equipment to read, this equipment is however, not impervious to wear and tear, so when a component breaks, it cannot be replaced, and the issue archivists are finding is that they have to dig through land fill sites and e-waste to find components they can use, and they've determined that 2025 is the point at which the already very limited supply of spare components, will run out
dapper parcel
Good silver lining is that most analog media aren't scrambled
the not so good news is that most magnetic tapes require the tape to be of sufficient mechanical strength to be read, and the act of reading cost quite a wear
manic latch
rapid junco
@spring briar
It's from the friend of my friend Gabriel Silva
He Works on the Navy Arsenal
spring briar
manic latch
it still astounds me that gorbachev is still alive
91 age yes
5 years younger than Queen
manic latch
More like.
If British naval guns were smaller
manic latch
tough quail
mmyaes
spring briar
manic latch
Royal navy engineering
strong plank
Question about Dunkerque, or her class in general
her wows model has these smaller guns attached to the main battery - what were they used for?
can’t imagine they were very convenient secondaries
eternal veldt
Training guns.
90mm.
You also see these on the Richelieus - Don't want to discharge a salvo everytime when training a crew member.
Also relevant, you see a 5"/54 breech mockup immediately behind the last set of secbats on Montana. Similar purpose.
manic latch
That's training as Silver said
eternal veldt
And obligatory mention that Dunkerque's turrets are wrong - Her turrets have no wires running along the rooftop.
And while Strasbourg has them - WG magically fucks up the AA suite.
manic latch
Italy has these in WT
eternal veldt
Japan has them directly on top of the barrel. Specifically the Fuso class.
manic latch
Yes. I have to do it
Because discord things it's NSFW image
Russian 305mm is that Chad
ivory ridge
Italy has these in WT <a:Rossiya_Pet:778204874550542348>
those are actual anti air guns i think
manic latch
76mm anti-air guns on top of the main calibre turrets, supplemented by a pair of 40mm automatic anti-air cannons.
ah
strong plank
small anti-air guns on the turret roof aren’t that unusual
Yamatos and Iowas both had em
hollow wind
Italy has these in WT <a:Rossiya_Pet:778204874550542348>
one shell shockwave might knock the upper guns out
manic latch
one shell shockwave might knock the upper guns out
If this was fine
And this
Then there is no problem I see
hollow wind
yeah
But the one on the Italian battleship has no seat
so it’s a little hard to deal with those shockwaves and listing ships
manic latch
I think you are kinda overestimating the level there
hollow wind
I guess I am
manic latch
Spot the difference
spring briar
No
fierce sparrow
spring briar
I mean
in this case it is pretty close
just
a much shorter gas piston and gas port much closer to the chamber
but other than that it isn't an AK at all ye
manic latch
The C1 Ariete will remain in service with the Italian Army for another 15 years. As part of the AMV (Aggiornamento Mezza Vita) modernization program, 125 Ariete tanks will be modernized for EUR 980 million and three Ariete AMV prototypes will be built.
junior trench
so it’s a little hard to deal with those shockwaves and listing ships
Yes. Which is why AA positions like those aren't manned anytime the main guns will be firing
chilly osprey
Most of those on-turret guns started service as anti-torpedo boat guns
manic latch
manic latch
exotic scarab
anyone know what boat this is
looks like bismarck but idk given this game is focused on the italian front and germany wasnt there with boats much
strong plank
Turrets don’t look like Bismarck to me
strong plank
Bisco’s turrets are boxier
more rectangular in shape
These are a bit more angular, which makes me think US or Italian
bc of the tripod superstructure and the lack of visible secondary turrets I want to say it looks interwar
strong plank
could it be a Tennessee?
I’m comparing the superstructure and that’s the first that’s come close
exotic scarab
i mean I havent seen it yet but the little launcher that occurs when I start the game has that german plane that looks like a smaller b2
so im guessing there adding a bit of the alternate history and wunderwaffe for extra fun
manic latch
i mean I havent seen it yet but the little launcher that occurs when I start the...
You mean HO-229?
exotic scarab
this thing
manic latch
Yeah I have no idea
exotic scarab
yeah looks like it
spring briar
Fake flying wing
exotic scarab
yeah I dont even know if it could fly
but putting it in your fun ww2 sniper game isn't that bad
exotic scarab
oh they did tests on it?
manic latch
Bomber? Nah it's too small for this bomber design
exotic scarab
well then if its not the ho229 what is it
manic latch
oh they did tests on it?
All planes have prototypes
exotic scarab
i thought it was one of the ones that never made it to that stage
manic latch
If this is not H-229 or its older prototypes. It's fiction likely
exotic scarab
based on a dlc title theres a level where you shoot a vegan ww1 veteran so I dont think its super accurate in terms of plot
frigid karma
based on a dlc title theres a level where you shoot a vegan ww1 veteran so I don...
It is extremely accurate, we all know it was Charlie Chaplin who committed suicide in 1945 at Berlin
exotic scarab
rapid junco
this thing
Not gonna lie
For a moment i thought that it was an Avro Vulcan
manic latch
I actually forgot Taiwan still operated Knox class
thorn laurel
Is Mainz a CA that claims to be a CL?
exotic scarab
Mainz is a electorate archbishopic
tough quail
Is Mainz a CA that claims to be a CL?
she's a hipper with 6" guns instead, so a CL
eternal veldt
With wrong CL guns, yes.
spiral cedar
unborn wyvern
"Oh dear Reginald! The Luftwaffe are bombing! Shall we take cover in the clubhouse?"
"Certainly not Henry! Barnaby has just started his stroke!"
manic latch
It would be perfect if that top floor was also wide as second floor
But equipment likely preventing it
Such a fertile bridge for future Innovation tho
dapper parcel
Top is air bridge, I don't think it'll benefit that much from being any wider
manic latch
Top is air bridge, I don't think it'll benefit that much from being any wider
What happened to flag bridge of Gerald
Since it was wide for Nimitz
dapper parcel
I guess they figure out flag officers don't need that much vantage point
also SPY-4
desert agate
What happened to flag bridge of Gerald
Pride flag bridge
manic latch
I think US navy never used pride flag on their ships yet
But they did give advertisement for Marvel
desert agate
I think US navy never used pride flag on their ships yet
Afaik a supercharger flew one a while back
I know the British also have because I saw Prince of Wales flying one a few months ago
Incredibly based btw
More pride flags on weapons of war
tough quail
More pride flags on weapons of war
the gays now have their own naval aviation wing
tremble at their might
desert agate
May the homophobic fleets of the world all get fucking glassed
tough quail
desert agate
Cry about it
manic latch
Nah if I was a women I would be lesbian for Soyuz
spring briar
spring briar
please don't hold the AK like that
thanks
actually
who am I kidding
it's an AK
go bash enemy with it
manic latch
Just remembered how useless bayonets are today
When was the last time they were commonly used
spring briar
the Dragunov had a bayonet lug
but as for actual use
probably the Crimea war
is the last time it was seriously used
manic latch
Yeah it's just a decoration now
spring briar
well
modern bayonet can be used for a lot of general use stuff nowadays
so atleast you have it
ivory ridge
More pride flags on weapons of war
manic latch
💰 
desert agate
but as for actual use
probably the Crimea war
WW1:
WW2:
Korea
Vietnam:
Afghanistan:
The USMC attempted an actual bayonet charge in Afghanistan
tender monolith
...seriously?
desert agate
And up until about 10 years ago the Australian Army placed a bigh emphasis on bayonet tactics
May have been Iraq
Not Afghanistan
Been a while since I heard the story
Bayonet lugs are also excellent places to mount underbarrel grenade launchers
Even though those are mostly falling out of fashion these days
And good luck finding a soldier who would voluntarily get rid of their combat knife anyway
desert agate
The Japanese often launched Battalion level bayonet charges
And there was also battalion level charges on the Western front of WW1
spring briar
ok I can see your point for WW1
and then only for specific assaults
and not used en masse
desert agate
And isolating bayonet usage to massed assaults is kind of disingenuous to the development of modern ground warfare anyway
spring briar
it was already on the way out in the Napoleonic wars
desert agate
There are no battalion level bayonet charges in the 21st century because there's no battalion level anything in the 21st century
Doesn't mean bayonets aren't used
And aren't immensely important
Clearing a building? Bayonets come very much in handy there
General security? Bayonets
There are a wide variety of bayonet use cases that have persisted since the 20th century
Simply because we don't charge en masse with them anymore doesn't mean they aren't handy
spring briar
Doesn't mean bayonets aren't used
I never said they didn't use them lol
ofc they were used in afghanistan
and even beyond
desert agate
You said they aren't used seriously
Which is just kind of ridiculous if you ask me
No offense
desert agate
Massed bayonet assault? Yeah you can argue crimea
General bayonet usage? Now, then and pretty much forever
spring briar
my main reasoning for it is the use of bayonet squares against cavalry
after Crimea, cavalry diminished
desert agate
the Ottomans should have used a square at Beersheba
spring briar
and by that point you didn't have to worry about having a pointy stick anymore
that's my reasoning
fuck you spon
spring briar
desert agate
Is okie
I still disagree but is okie
spring briar
where do you draw the line then
spring briar
because Japan?
didn't really think about that ig
fair enough
you're still wrong tho
remote monolith
ngl bayonets look kinda short though, maybe people should elongate it to around 6 foot, and then maybe put it on formations of maybe 10+ people in case it's needed on multiple points, then in case of flanking maneuvers, maybe put said stick bearers side by side in a continuous line, then put people behind it so the front doesn't get bowled over by the enemy
desert agate
you're still wrong tho
you're wrong fren
spring briar
desert agate
mfw Japan's response to finding an entrenched enemy in dense jungle and mountainous terrain is a fucking bayonet charge
over and over again
desert agate
China
spring briar
cinder escarp
tfw we've stopped doing bayonet drills
even in the marines
(the marines were a long holdout in bayonet drills, buying new ones and drilling all boots until a few years ago - after all, the ethos is that every marine is fundamentally a rifleman)
spring briar
better just teach them general knife fighting
spiral cedar
spring briar
but that's also tedious
cinder escarp
Who needs to knife fight when everyone can just whip out elbow destruction
spiral cedar
spring briar
Who needs to knife fight when everyone can just whip out elbow destruction
or just
shoot
spiral cedar
The German campaign of reprisals was not, except individually, a spontaneous answer to Belgian provocation. It had been prepared ahead of time, with the usual German care for every contingency,
Proclamations were printed in advance. As soon as the Germans entered a town it's walls became whitened, as if by a biblical plague, with a rash of posters plastered on every house warning the populace against acts of "hostility." The punishment for civilians firing on soldiers was death, as it was for a variety of minor acts
In summary the proclamations concluded: "For all acts of hostility the following principles will be applied: all punishments will be executed without mercy, the whole community will be regarded as responsible, hostages will be taken in large numbers." This practice of the principle of collective responsibility, having been expressly outlawed by the Hague Convention, shocked the world of 1914 which had believed in human progress.
spring briar
ah yes
the rape of Belgium
somber knoll
Who needs to knife fight when everyone can just whip out elbow destruction
Ain't MCMAP still a thing? I got an old manual for it which perhaps have been revised bajillion times already.
cinder escarp
Yeah, but we no longer do the bayonet drills regularly.
Because well, there's already more training requirements on the book than we have training hours per year, and they decided that the bayonet drills were a low enough priority to drop
somber knoll
sounds fair
and bayonets are not really that effective once rifles become shorter anyway
tough quail
> In summary the proclamations concluded: "For all acts of hostility the followi...
well it sure is a good thing that the germans progressed by the next war
manic latch
spring briar
shrewd pecan
Curious, is there anything out there for the proposed 1980s retrofits on Des Moines and Salem?
silver crest
thoughts on the kings and generals youtube channel?
they pump out a lot of videos so im concered about research and accuracy
shrewd pecan
I mean with any YouTube history channel it’s usually best to do your own research after watching it then take it at face value
shrewd pecan
ah yes
manic latch
From what I heard F35 has anti tampering technology
So how does it work
Does it delete its system or smh when you tamper it
gilded girder
Deletes plane
cinder escarp
So how does it work
Depends on what they are talking about, but anti-tamper electronics is nothing new.
Basically, the system is rigged up so that if the casing is pried/cut open, the memory modules/storage get wiped permanently.
manic latch
humble mulch
About to watch one of the only legitimate ww2 war movies Romanias ever made, and within 3 seconds of looking at its Wikipedia, all of its inaccurates are literally cause soviets are bitches and had to have shit censored
shrewd pecan
anyone still play sprocket?
shrewd pecan
yeah ever have this happen to you out of the blue
dapper parcel
Depends on what they are talking about, but anti-tamper electronics is nothing n...
Tbf physical anti tamper is very common even on consumer level product, and isn't something special. I guess on a more sensitive application it would implement something more complicated like oxygen ingress detection or something similar.
The problem is always been about making sure whether the data is actually read off into legit process or if it is being dumped into somewhere else
exotic scarab
yes
shrewd pecan
no idea what the hell happened
exotic scarab
i have had many wacky bugs
shrewd pecan
I repainted the tank and suddenly the sides popped out
exotic scarab
like one time the wheels got stuck in the hull
shrewd pecan
shame I can't get it down to 50 tons like I had it before upon trying to recreate the tank
dapper parcel
things can't help but turns into best evolutionary form, the AEROGAV*bonk*
shrewd pecan
have my rough attempt at trying to recreate its original form at a entire 16 tons heavier
was able to save the turret tho
shrewd pecan
kinda hope they eventually add cold war composites
so I can better finely tune my armor
only reason its as heavy as it is, is since I'm trying to make a modern MBT with end war stats
would also be nice to have options for autoloaders
tho I'm suspecting I can pull that off with making the maingun somehow into a auto cannon
shrewd pecan
I mean
its just going into the files
and turning loader skill to a insane number
yeah sure lets make the gun L/55 length
exotic scarab
that and multi-turret support or internal turrets so I can make a A7v
shrewd pecan
shoving three 120 MMs into a tank sounds like a fun idea
shame I can't turn the storage boxes into a gunners dog house
how the hell did I achieve gun stabilization
anyway time to fine tune the thing with notepad
gilded girder
yeah ever have this happen to you out of the blue
It tried growing wings
shrewd pecan
and took a hour of work alongside it
hushed saffron
b o t e
maiden citrus
pretty decent looking, pyramid scheme with no superfiring top front?
hushed saffron
ye.
maiden citrus
nice, I made some that had that arrangement but was on the back
hushed saffron
I see I see
spring briar
Hoche
spring briar
ah
maiden citrus
which if I remember, is charlemagne but big
spring briar
Charlemagne but better
maiden citrus
Because the ship was in a dry dock with the water pumped out, it was initially impossible to flood the magazines, which had not been unloaded before docking. The commanding officer of the battleship Patrie, which was moored nearby, fired a shell into the dry dock gates in an attempt to flood it, but the shell ricocheted without holing the gate.
everything that can go wrong goes wrong I guess
spring briar
murphy's law in action
manic latch
@maiden citrus Remember what they took from you
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_XF8B
Boeing called the XF8B-1 optimistically, the "five-in-one fighter" (fighter, interceptor, dive bomber, torpedo bomber, or level bomber).
spring briar
```Because the ship was in a dry dock with the water pumped out, it was initiall...
After the disaster, the Jena was in the Missiessy Basin which was flooded by the smashing of the gate-boat by a cannon shot fired by La Patrie.
maiden citrus
that woulda been cool
spring briar
no, which is the correct version?
maybe it smashed the dock gate, ricochetted but still allowed water to get in
maiden citrus
hm, I heard that they opened the gate themselves after that
I was saying the plane was cool, hehe
spring briar
maiden citrus
I got pinged for two things back to back, sorry
spring briar
```Because the ship was in a dry dock with the water pumped out, it was initiall...
what's the source?
maiden citrus
that was just a quick read on the ship's wiki page, as I wanted to get another pic too, but... the wiki didn't have any good ones
spring briar
manic latch
Could be unpopular opinion
But I hate Kingfisher
Why they always stick to 450hp engine with her
Then there was the Seamaw replacement which failed because of its XV-770 Engine
I think SC Seahawk fixed the problem of Kingfisher but she came in 1944
desert agate
remember to mourn what we lost
maiden citrus
spring briar
spmeed
manic latch
<:MakaDog:819427575951917087>
Ok Maka check this out.
Uss Midway but
XF8B as fighter squad
XTB2D Skypirate as Torpedo squad
XSB3C as as bomber squad
ivory ridge
manic latch
https://twitter.com/_militarystory/status/1556291842441940992?t=xC_TUkNDy0jLYHcL...
I guess she
CANT go further
tough quail
i'd say it's different enough
ivory ridge
Do Italians get angry if you call Ravoli dumpling
frigid karma
Raviolis and dumplings are only similar in that they’re made of wheat and have something in them
frigid karma
Dumplings have meat stuffing while raviolis have cheesey stuff
Oh and I guess you boil them
Honestly the concept of “wheat pocket with something inside” is intuitive enough to attribute to convergent evolution more than food evolution
ivory ridge
Dumplings have meat stuffing while raviolis have cheesey stuff
Ravioli are also made with Ragù (bolognese sauce)
that's meat
or even sausage sometimes
frigid karma
Ok but dumplings are usually made from ground pork mixed with eggs and some other stuff
Chinese dumplings, at least
rapid junco
@manic latch I've one good news for you
manic latch
rapid junco
One of the AH2 Sabres (Hind) is going to be preserved in the MUSAL (Museu Aeroespacial [Aerospacial Museum]) in RJ
I'm trying to download the video
manic latch
One of the AH2 Sabres (Hind) is going to be preserved in the MUSAL (Museu Aeroe...
Perfect. More Soviet relics saved
rapid junco
I'm trying to download the video
Well
Seems i can't download it since it is 9 minutes
Maybe it will be too heavy to send it here
shrewd pecan
from what I’ve heard of the Mi-24 in NATO service it isn’t exactly the best in terms of being a ATGM platform tho does well in the rocket pod gunship role
probably for the best that Brazil’s moving on from the platform even if they could get a sufficient spare part supply for the thing
manic latch
from what I’ve heard of the Mi-24 in NATO service it isn’t exactly the best in t...
I guess Brazil will turn to red soon
As ex Mil-24 operator
Still weird me out badly China never get it
shrewd pecan
from what I've heard it suffers from excessive vibrations that make its ATGMs less accurate and reduce their effective range
its pretty rare to see a actual combat Mi-24/35 with its ATGMs anyways since most seem to just go solely rocket pods
manic latch
from what I've heard it suffers from excessive vibrations that make its ATGMs le...
Ain't Ka is the helicopter you'll would use for that purpose anyway?
shrewd pecan
I mean it has the pylons for it
comparably the KA-52 and Mi-28 are much better suited for it since they don't suffer similar issues
tho in terms of attack helicopters especially for peer on peer threat you want the greater attack distance ATGMs offer
manic latch
I guess Hind sacrifices that stability for the troop cargo
shrewd pecan
Russia has its Vikhr bullshit missiles (I hate the KA-50 in warthunder) that can engage out to 12 KMs
Apache is getting spike NLOS and AGM-179
manic latch
Russia has its Vikhr bullshit missiles (I hate the KA-50 in warthunder) that can...
Yeah for Ka-50 and 52.
Should be for Su-25 too when she comes
Or SU-25T
shrewd pecan
its already on the Su-25
shrewd pecan
another Russian CAS plane with a stupid amount of ATGMs 
god I look forward to the F-16 and F-15
manic latch
Russia has its Vikhr bullshit missiles (I hate the KA-50 in warthunder) that can...
Man I just realised
This missile is from 1984?
While Hellfire is like
1974
shrewd pecan
hellfire is about the same era
tho I don't think the Vikhrs multi purpose warhead was out initially
nvm it was
actually no
Vikhrs wasn't adopted until the 90s
manic latch
god I look forward to the F-16 and F-15
France will get Mirage 2000 when F-22 comes
shrewd pecan
first prototype testing probably
manic latch
Damn a decade 
manic latch
R-77M 
shrewd pecan
Russia didn't even adopt the thing until the 2010s
manic latch
I will blame the collapse of Union for extreme delay
shrewd pecan
I mean
the F-15 can outclimb the initial R-77s
god its gonna be stupid using the F-15As bomb loadouts
manic latch
CAS beast
Kinda Shame these things likely prevented us bombers
Never expect to see B-52 ans TU-95
manic latch
Never expect to see B-52 ans TU-95
Spawns and dies
shrewd pecan
after the F-111 its the F-15E
shrewd pecan
no
manic latch
shrewd pecan
tho the F-117 would be a nice addition assuming her stealth works
shrewd pecan
yeah fly to space
manic latch
Or was it 1000
manic latch
She will be the goat for stealth mathematics of Gaijin
shrewd pecan
I mean if you've ever used a plane radar in Warthunder
you will detect absolutely nothing unless your in the exact perfect position or are in a F-14 or MIG-23MLD
shrewd pecan
otherway around
manic latch
Aw man
shrewd pecan
the F-15 would absolutely trash the MIG-29
manic latch
Tornado will likely came soon
shrewd pecan
I mean that's the best F-14 counter
manic latch
Cuz radar?
shrewd pecan
long range interceptor
vs the baseline tomcat aka the worse tomcat and worse american 4th gen
manic latch
So cuz radar and missile
manic latch
vs the baseline tomcat aka the worse tomcat and worse american 4th gen
F-18 will come before F-15?
shrewd pecan
I'm guessing F-16 will probably be first
junior trench
another Russian CAS plane with a stupid amount of ATGMs <:catcry:953346840055664...
It's a beam rider
So like
One shot per pass
shrewd pecan
you've never been Vikhrs spammed to death in a ADATs before
that or dealt with it in a AH-64A
junior trench
I have
But the helos can hover
The Su-25s need to fly towards you and keep the beam pointed at you
junior trench
No
shrewd pecan
I mean Russia wins by sure mass and bullshit
junior trench
Mavericks are fire and forgot
manic latch
Oh
shrewd pecan
I don't want to imagine that with Su-25s flying down on my head
junior trench
Lock, fire, break off
shrewd pecan
I need to figure out how to actually use mavericks
junior trench
Su-25s have to acquire, point beam, fire, hold beam until impact
shrewd pecan
since they seem to just miss half of the time in my F-4E
junior trench
Bind your set bombing target and lock on for AGMs to the same key
You get a big red box centered around your Maverick lock point
And if it doesn't lock the target properly your seeker view is already looking at the red box
shrewd pecan
lemme finish grinding for the paveways in it
junior trench
You can also just spam the key until it locks then fire
shrewd pecan
then I'll pop into ground RB and see if I can actually get them to hit with the re keybinding
junior trench
Repeat as necessary while you still feel you have the range to spare
Oh yeah
So uh
Don't worry about the Paveways
The Hobos don't have a drop speed limit
Do with that what you will
shrewd pecan
interesting
junior trench
If you're supersonic and at altitude you can yeet them farther than Mavericks are effective
shrewd pecan
I probably need to practice with them since I'm missing with them half the time as well
junior trench
And if you're fast and low you can lob them like 5+ km
shrewd pecan
assuming its the lock guided bomb key bind?
junior trench
Yeah
And the other one
Whatever it's called
I just set the same key for locking in general
Primary/secondary mode solves so many "too many buttons" problems
Like the sight automatically changes
shrewd pecan
now lets see if I can stop sucking for once to actually spawn the thing
rapid junco
probably for the best that Brazil’s moving on from the platform even if they cou...
I was about to say that a recent article about the Sabres said the FAB did even cannabalized some cells for others to fly
Apart from the Sabres
The only Russian thing we use are the Igla missiles
desert agate
Ain't Ka is the helicopter you'll would use for that purpose anyway? <:ThinkZed:...
KA-52s have displayed significant vibrational issues in recent months, illustrating failures in their design and construction and ability to perform their assigned role
shrewd pecan
regarding my stupidity in sprocket I give you my MBT with dual 50 MM and the same 120 MM
cinder escarp
honhonhon you have created leclerc
cinder escarp
Except you don't have the weakpoint that is the gun tunnel and horrible mantlet.
shrewd pecan
I'm half tempted to just double on the 50 MMs since I'm getting only 60 MMs more pen on the 120
tough quail
sprocket moment
eternal veldt
Wish there's a shorter reload time
Did a funny and put a twin bofors on a Sherman hull, hampered by low reload and naturally shit pen
shrewd pecan
I mean you can make auto cannons through file fuckery
tho you need a lot of space open in your tank for it
shrewd pecan
kinda wish there was more fine tuning for the gun
I'd enjoy having APCR and SABOT as options for rounds
eternal veldt
Speaking of that, would like the funny autoloaders too.
shrewd pecan
along with potential options to make your gun smoothbore or rifled
also yes autoloaders
(and the ability not to need a 2nd gunner for a 2nd gun if its meant to be a coaxial)
maiden citrus
I mean I've seen cleve do really bs like 200rpm guns in sprocket through memery
shrewd pecan
I mean I've seen cleve do really bs like 200rpm guns in sprocket through memery
from what I can tell its fine tuning through file fuckery
penetration scaling doesn't really feel right either
idk I feel like my 50 MM shouldn't be getting similar ballpark performance to my 120
eternal veldt
Also, I dont know, the physics overall still need work imo
Tracks get bogged down very easily, Ive had cases of an entire tank dying after touching an oil barrel
shrewd pecan
120 MM being outperformed by 76 MM HVAP
eternal veldt
Oh and yea, I'm too dumb to tamper with transmissions.