Instead of using air brakes to brake the train, it draws a vacuum to keep the brakes off, without a vac the brakes applies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_brake#Ejectors
The vacuum brake is a braking system employed on trains and introduced in the mid-1860s. A variant, the automatic vacuum brake system, became almost universal in British train equipment and in countries influenced by British practice. Vacuum brakes also enjoyed a brief period of adoption in the United States, primarily on narrow-gauge railroads....