like srsly, i cannot find any info on the internet.
#what does the |= operator mean?
rain whale
unique dockBOT
<@&987246399047479336> please have a look, thanks.
Here is an AI assisted attempt to answer your question π€. Maybe it helps! In any case, a human is on the way π. To continue talking to the AI, you can use </chatgpt:1108714622413963314>.
sly pike
means OR
unique dockBOT
TJ-Bot
cobalt ore
like srsly, i cannot find any info on the internet.
a = a | b; = a |= b;
sly pike
`a = a | b;` = `a |= b;`
gpt already answered that
you cannot do |= for float double String & Object
only the integrals is allowed
cobalt ore
you cannot do `|=` for `float` `double` `String` & `Object`
and you can't use | on any of them either
sly pike
enum, short, byte, char, int, long
cobalt ore
only the integrals is allowed
no, only integer like types
cobalt ore
enum, short, byte, char, int, long
not enums
sly pike
and you can't use | on any of them either
well they kinda x = x | 3.2; // ???
sly pike
to make 7 bins?
you are OR-ing
sly pike
so 3 is 0011
cobalt ore
well they kinda `x = x | 3.2; // ???`
that's a double, doesn't work on double
sly pike
5 is 0101
cobalt ore
(with bit flags)
nothing to do with enums
sly pike
0011 | 0101 becomes 0111
rain whale
oh
sly pike
which is 7
cobalt ore
so it fills the bit gaps?
no
sly pike
so it fills the bit gaps?
not really
cobalt ore
| means or
nimble flame
bitwise OR rather than logical OR
sly pike
when you are OR-ing in binary
OR returns 1 if atleast one of bits is 1
sly pike
`0011 | 0101` becomes `0111`
so in the 2^1 there is atleast 1 of bits is 1
so it became 1
rain whale
oh boy i am getting confused.
damn in college they dont teach us crap
sly pike
therefore becomes 0111 (7)
rain whale
oh
rain whale
wait 0111 is 7 in binary?
sly pike
yes
rain whale
trying to understand, my monkey brain is not used to this lol
rain whale
OH WAIT
I REMEMBER
THAT IS UUHHH
BIT COUNTING
i saw that 3 years ago in highschool
never had to actually use it
rain whale
there's 2 bytes
sly pike
Each position is a power of 2
rain whale
so this is 2 bytes
cobalt ore
i saw that 3 years ago in highschool
This is also how decimal works
1234 = 1*10^3 + 2*10^2 + 3*10^1 + 4*10^0
sly pike
its 2 bytes
cobalt ore
its 2 bytes
2 bytes ?
rain whale
all of this info is really usefull thanks stack, you are a real one
and alathreon too
rain whale
This is also how decimal works
`1234 = 1*10^3 + 2*10^2 + 3*10^1 + 4*10^0`
decimal bits? like 10, 20,etc,etc?
sly pike
decimal bits? like 10, 20,etc,etc?
like binary
cobalt ore
@rain whale
| means OR
| 1 0
1 1 1
0 1 0
& means AND
& 1 0
1 1 0
0 0 0
^ means XOR
| 1 0
1 0 1
0 1 0
~ means NOT
1 -> 0, 0 -> 1
cobalt ore
decimal bits? like 10, 20,etc,etc?
decimal as of base 10
binary is base 2
rain whale
ooooh ok ok
sly pike
Binary is base 2
Octal is base 8
Decimal is base 10
hex is base 16
cobalt ore
hexadecimal it's called
sly pike
ye
rain whale
This is also how decimal works
`1234 = 1*10^3 + 2*10^2 + 3*10^1 + 4*10^0`
i am curious about the last part
it goes down
so does that mean you start with the bigger number 'til 0?
on the times(n) i mean
sly pike
so does that mean you start with the bigger number 'til 0?
just like binary
you start from right
which is power of 0
as soon you progress to left
you power based on how much position you moved to left
cobalt ore
it goes down
Decimal:
10^0 = 1
10^1 = 10
10^2 = 10.
10^3 = 1000
etc
Binary:
2^0 = 1
2^1 = 10
2^2 = 100
2^3 = 1000
etc
Same for all bases
rain whale
Decimal:
10^0 = 1
10^1 = 10
10^2 = 10.
10^3 = 1000
etc
Binary:
2^0 = 1
2^1 = 10...
wait
why 10ΒΉ is 1?
rain whale
oh my god, with this new found knowledge i can make encrypted messages
or at least a better password
rain whale
it is!
never knew how hexadecimal worked
people never teached it in college or highschool so
i am only a first year student after all
cobalt ore
never knew how hexadecimal worked
You count with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Everything is the same
You apply the same rules except you have 16 digits
Btw
try to add 2 binary numbers or 2 hex numbers
stuck sandal
yeah, it really helps to understand that all number systems, including decimal, work the same way
as in sum of digit * base^index
stuck sandal
its all just working the same way
the same system that u used to add decimals can be used to add numbers in any other base
cobalt ore
btw seconds and minutes are technically base 60, assuming each number is a digit, so you apply the same rules but in base 60
hours is base 24
so by just applying this knowoledge, you know how to do math with time
cobalt ore
yes
rain whale
because 60Β² would be 60 minutes which is one hour
since 60 seconds times 60 seconds?
oh wait
i think i am wrong
60 * 60 would be over than 1 hour
oh no i wasn't
i just phrased it like ass
60Β² is one hour
60 minutes
which is 3600 seconds
cobalt ore
```
01101001
+00110111
---------
```
Try to do it
anyway, please try this
rain whale
i'll try it rn!
rain whale
```
01101001
+00110111
---------
```
Try to do it
trying to check both octals
rain whale
sorry mixed terms
stuck sandal
they just want to show u that manual addition in binary works the same way as u learned in school for decimals
so u do it right to left and have the "carry" when u go beyond max digit
so 1+1 is 10. meaning u write down 0 and carry a 1 over for the next digit to add
and so on
bright lagoon
(every number system is a base 10 system)
rain whale
so it's 20?
bright lagoon
Base ten system
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 *
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 *
Base eight system
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10 *
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
20 *
21
22
23
24
Base four system
0
1
2
3
10 *
11
12
13
20 *
21
22
23
30 *
31
32
33
100 *
101
102
103
110 *
Base two system
0
1
10
11
101
110
101
110
111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
10000
10001
10010
it just defines how many different symbols u have available per digit
what the number means is always given the same way though
sum of digit * base^index
stuck sandal
so it's 20?
they wanted u to do it like in school
digit by digit from right to left
rain whale
oooooooooooh
stuck sandal
like, imagine adding two decimal numbers manually:
123
+ 862
-----
from right to left u add 3+2
5
rain whale
985
rain whale
0 and 1 goes to the left
stuck sandal
as u now need to add whats called a carry digit
stuck sandal
yeah. and the exact same system can be applied to do addition in binary or any other system
when u have 1+1 in binary u end up at 10
so thats a 0 and a 1 carries over
stuck sandal
bc 1+1 would be 2 but that symbol doesnt exist in binary. so u need to advance to the next digit
similar to how after 9 u get 10 in decimal
bc 9 is the last symbol
rain whale
```
01101001
+00110111
---------
```
Try to do it
10000000
stuck sandal
in a base-4 system u would count 0, 1, 2, 3 and then advance the digit to 10, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21,...
and so on
its essentially all the exact same mechanics. always working the same way
stuck sandal
for systems beyond decimal we kinda have to invent new symbols to count past 9 in a digit
and people came up with using the alphabet for that
stuck sandal
so in a hexadecimal (base-16) system we for example count 0-9 and then A-F
and then advance the digit
stuck sandal
but in theory u could use any symbol u want, as long as everyone understands it
sly pike
```
01101001
+00110111
---------
```
Try to do it
i'll try it myself
stuck sandal
the ancient mayas for example used a base-20 number system
cobalt ore
11111111
01101001
+00110111
---------
10100000
@rain whale
stuck sandal
sly pike
```
01101001
+00110111
---------
```
Try to do it
thats ||10100000||
rain whale
i feel illiterate
sly pike
thats ||`10100000`||
which is 160
sly pike
```
11111111
01101001
+00110111
---------
10100000
```
<@624682474542465055>
i would do this if i'm subtracting binary
for the 11111111 btw (-1)
rain whale
```
11111111
01101001
+00110111
---------
10100000
```
<@624682474542465055>
wait so 1+1 is 10
what is 1+1+1?
stuck sandal
11
rain whale
is it 100?
sly pike
what is 1+1+1?
0 but carry 1
rain whale
0 but `carry 1`
oh
sly pike
for the other digit
stuck sandal
u need to think about it as if its decimal, bc it works the same way
u count up a digit until u reach the max symbol
and then advance
rethink decimals
0, 1, 2,..., 9, 10, 11,...
rain whale
ok so once it reaches decimal the extra 1 just stays got it
languid wadi
stuck sandal
binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111,...
as soon as u would get the symbol 2 in decimal, that doesnt exist anymore and u need to advance a digit
cobalt ore
what is 1+1+1?
if 1+1 is 10, 1+1+1 is the same as 1+1 = 10 + 1 so 11
stuck sandal
just practice a bit and it will click and feel super natural
cobalt ore
52A6F
+DE693
------
Try this now @rain whale
rain whale
ok so, if 10 is A that means F is 15
so it would be something like
5211615
+1314693
stuck sandal
try to not go decimal
do it digit by digit from right to left
in hex
stay in the base to understand how it works
sly pike
```
52A6F
+DE693
------
```
Try this now <@624682474542465055>
omg its hex
stuck sandal
F+3. start with that. thats 3 symbols above the maximum available symbol in hex
sly pike
its simple itself
stuck sandal
so u need to advance a digit
sly pike
i just add hex
stuck sandal
F+1 gives u 10
sly pike
no need to turn it to decimal
sly pike
as casting is extra step
rain whale
197768
stuck sandal
so u get the digit 2 and the 1 carries over
stuck sandal
52A6F
+ DE693
1
-------
2
so lets say
9 + 2
its 11 obvious
but
12
19 +
2 + 9 is 11
but you can't just add 11 as final result
so what you do
rain whale
its 11 obvious
taking in consideration the extra 1 carried over right?
sly pike
taking in consideration the extra 1 carried over right?
yeah
stuck sandal
but u should stay in the base at hand and not switch to decimal to actually understand it
sly pike
do the same step for hex
sly pike
```java
52A6F
+ DE693
1
-------
2
```
i would put 1 up to know its carry
1
52A6F
+ DE693
-------
2
1 carried over and 6 down?
sly pike
its just clearer for me
stuck sandal
1 carried over and 6 down?
im not sure which part is unclear to u
sly pike
1 carried over and 6 down?
well whats F + 3
stuck sandal
can u tell us what ur doing instead of just throwing out a result
stuck sandal
i also feel like ur not reading everything people write, so maybe its just too much at once?
sly pike
```java
1
52A6F
+ DE693
-------
2
```
so
stuck sandal
i would put `1` up to know its carry
(we wrote it below in school. but whatever)
sly pike
(we wrote it below in school. but whatever)
(we wrote it up) Β―_(γ)_/Β―
rain whale
(we wrote it below in school. but whatever)
in school we used to wrote it up
maiden sequoia
(we wrote it up) Β―\_(γ)_/Β―
Same in Greece, and for multiplication on the side
sly pike
```java
1
52A6F
+ DE693
-------
2
```
F + 3
is 0x12
but you can't add 2 digit at once
so you put 2
and 1 is a carry
1
52A6F
+ DE693
-------
2
now
what is 6 + 9
(never treat it as decimal ever)
stuck sandal
it might help to add it in single steps. like 6 + 9 is the same as 6 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 +... (9 times)
stuck sandal
why do u think that?
sly pike
its really easy
rain whale
it might help to add it in single steps. like 6 + 9 is the same as 6 + 1 + 1 + 1...
6 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 +1 +1 +1
so 5 and 1 as a carry
sly pike
wat
stuck sandal
step by step
sly pike
you know what i'll spoonfeed for once
sly pike
next?
stuck sandal
then C
rain whale
wait so its F
rain whale
G
sly pike
no
stuck sandal
that doesnt exist
stuck sandal
what do we do in a number system when we are out of symbols?
stuck sandal
we advance the digit
sly pike
1
52A6F
+ DE693
-------
02
so everything over 9 is gonna be 10 if its out of symbols?
well not ten
0 and 1 carried?
stuck sandal
no
sly pike
@rain whale what would happen if you add 1+9
sly pike
(in decimal))
stuck sandal
everything beyond the last available symbol will cause a new digit to be added
rain whale
10
sly pike
see
stuck sandal
just that in hex we have more symbols per digit
after F comes 10
then 11 then 12... 19, 1A, 1B,...1F
rain whale
then 1A
stuck sandal
and then out of symbols again
sly pike
i would say 0x10
rain whale
ok i think i finally get it
stuck sandal
20, 21
sly pike
so i can its hex
rain whale
which is 30
stuck sandal
yes
rain whale
and then so on
rain whale
whats A + 6
11
rain whale
wait so now it's 11 again
sly pike
gg
rain whale
11 again the next one btw
rain whale
it has the carry, cuz after F comes 10
rain whale
5 + D should be 14 counting the carry
sly pike
gg
rain whale
again
rain whale
it stays, no more carry
stuck sandal
and what is 131102 in decimal now?
1 * 16^5
+ 3 * 16^4
+ 1 * 16^3
+ 1 * 16^2
+ 0 * 16^1
+ 2 * 16^0
and thats how it all works π
with that knowledge u could now also work with maya numbers
this is for example
7 * 20^2
+ 8 * 20^1
+ 9 * 20^0
which would be how the mayas wrote the number we know as 2969
rain whale
and what is 131102 in decimal now?
```java
1 * 16^5
+ 3 * 16^4
+ 1 * 16^3
+ 1 ...
143
?
stuck sandal
no
i gave u the solution already
oh wait
u added it up
dunno, i didnt put it into a calc
but i doubt
it must be much higher
16^5 is already over a million
rain whale
somehow python gave that
rain whale
oh dang
rain whale
it is, it's 1.048.576 mill
stuck sandal
yeah but u need to add it all up
1 * 16^5
+ 3 * 16^4
+ 1 * 16^3
+ 1 * 16^2
+ 0 * 16^1
+ 2 * 16^0
1048576
- 196608
- 4096
- 256
- 0
- 2
rain whale
i got bamboozled by google calculator
stuck sandal
1249538
smells like it might be right
right. so that's how it all works. now u can in theory do everything u want with any number system u want
bc u understand the actual mechanics behind it
π
rain whale
ok so let me get this straight, so i turned hex into decimal?
rain whale
my monkey brain is confused of what i've just done but i think i start to get it
stuck sandal
the last thing we did?
rain whale
```java
1 * 16^5
+ 3 * 16^4
+ 1 * 16^3
+ 1 * 16^2
+ 0 * 16^1
+ 2 * 16^0
```
when you mention the binary numbers are you refering to the 0's and 1's right?
stuck sandal
with the 1 million?
so what we did here is to learn how to turn anything into decimal
for that, let's quickly look at decimal itself
lets say the number 372. how does it work, how do these 3 digits form the number three-hundred-seventy-two?
each digit contributes a certain value to the final number
from right to left, we start with digit 2
digit 2 contributes to the final value 2 * 10^0
(thats just 2)
then the digit 7
it contributes to the final value 7 * 10^1
surprise surprise, that's 70
finally the digit 3
it contributes to the final value 3 * 10^2
thats 300
so the final value is 300+70+2
rain whale
if people knew we inject this to a rock mashed to dust and turned into glass with magic runes they wouldn't believe it
stuck sandal
so we always take the digit and multiple it with the base to the power of the index
and then sum that up
for decimals this exercises sounds pointless but we can transfer it to any other base
rain whale
ok so in simple monke term words, we took what we resolved and then we dissect it like a bug to get what makes the number, the number itself
stuck sandal
so if we for example look at the nunber 521 in a base-7 system, then that number means in decimal the following:
from right to left
the digit 1 contributes 1 * 7^0
the digit 2 contributes 2 * 7^1
the digit 5 contributes 5 * 7^2
stuck sandal
yes
rain whale
A = 10 right?
i mean its not ten itself
but after 9 we run out of digits
until the next batch
so how can i turn a word into a binary?
stuck sandal
which system are u in now?
rain whale
a base 2 system
stuck sandal
which number from which system into what system?
rain whale
from hex to base 2 system
stuck sandal
so for example the hex number E6 to binary?
rain whale
yeah
stuck sandal
for that u go to decimal first and then we learn how to turn decimal into another system
so E6 in decimal is what?
we just learned how it works
digit 6 contributes...
digit E contributes...
sum up
done
rain whale
6 * 16^0
14 * 16^1?
stuck sandal
yes. but E has what "worth" in decimal?
rain whale
14
rain whale
oh
stuck sandal
each digit in a base-16 system have the worth of powers of 16
so yeah. i think its 230 in decimal?
rain whale
yup
stuck sandal
now u need to learn how to go from decimal to another number system
stuck sandal
and for that u need to repeatedly divide by bases of the target number system
so E6 from hex is 230 in decimal. and now we want the binary of that
stuck sandal
no wait
we havent learned that direction yet
from decimal to another system works by dividing powers
u want 230 in binary. binary is base-2. so we need powers of 2
u need to find the highest power of 2 that u can divide 230 with
lets try out some
rain whale
10
stuck sandal
2^6 u mean?
stuck sandal
yes. 2^7 = 128. that is the highest power of 2 that still fits into 230
how often does it fit inside 230? (division with remainder)
rain whale
the admin is teaching me wizardry, if i tell this to my gf she aint believing it lol
rain whale
how often does it fit inside 230? (division with remainder)
1.0
stuck sandal
it fits in it once. remainder would be 102 (230- 1*128)
so. we now found out that the 7th digit must be 1
so our work in progress binary number is
1000000
or actually, the 8th digit bc 2^7 is the 8th digit, given that the first digit is 2^0
so our wip result is
1000 0000
(adding the space for readability)
anyways. from our number 230 we covered 128 now
we have 102 left to cover
same procedure again. find the highest power of 2 that fits into it
rain whale
6
stuck sandal
yes. 64 fits into it once, remainder is 38
stuck sandal
so we found out that the digit responsible for 2^6 is 1 bc it fits into it once
our wip result is
1100 0000
and yes, 2^5 is next
fits into it once again. so wip result is
1110 0000
remainder is indeed 6
rain whale
1111 100
stuck sandal
whats her highest power of 2 that fits into 6
stuck sandal
yes so we now need to set the digit responsible for 2^2
rain whale
and then, the highest power is gonna be 1
since we are left with 2
and after that, 1111 100
stuck sandal
wip result: 1110 0100
rain whale
huh
stuck sandal
u need to set the digits that correspond to the power u picked
stuck sandal
so remainder now is 2. highest base that fits is 2^1
fits once
remainder 0
so we are done after this step and get:
rain whale
1110 0110
rain whale
the last 0 is 0 so we didn't took it
rain whale
ok so we move from hex -> decimal -> binary
stuck sandal
if u go base-17 instead of base-2 u divide by powers of 17
and check how often they fit
rain whale
and same with binary to get into a bigger number
since decimals are technically bytes of data
stuck sandal
yeah. its always the same mechanics
stuck sandal
then add more alphabet to it
if u want a base 17 system then count to G
if u need a base 20 system then count to J
rain whale
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooh
stuck sandal
or invent totally new symbols, who cares as long as everyone understands what each symbols worth is
the mayas drew lines and points
instead of using numbers and alphabets
rain whale
ok ok, so basically, the more words i use the bigger the base is
then that base is turned into decimal
and then that is turned into binaries
stuck sandal
yes. the mayas had a base-20 system with 20 unique symbols for their digits
which we would typically represent with 0-9A-J
rain whale
dude i am learning more on discord than in college
this is crazy
our teacher didn't teached us what even operators are
rain whale
so if they wrote sth like
7,8,9
stuck sandal
yeah. but its base 20
rain whale
huh
stuck sandal
so in decimal thats 2969
that's how the mayas wrote down what we know as 2969
they count from 0 to 19 on a single digit
using these unique symbols
and then they advance to the next digit
where they again have 20 symbols to put
its base-20
similar to how we count in hex from 0 to F
rain whale
huh
now that i realize
it just looks like a ram localization graph
for every bit and byte, it's getting taller
stuck sandal
^^ ultimately u can pick whichever symbol u want as long as everyone gets what they mean
for example, let's say u invent a number system that uses 3 symbols per digit
first symbol is πΆ
second symbol π±
third symbol π
then u could write down a number like πΆπππ± for example
to get that into decimal u just need to know the base (base-3 bc it uses 3 symbols per digit) and the worth of each symbol (dog is first symbol, worth 0. cat is second symbol, worth 1, mouse is third symbol, worth 2)
then it translates to
1 * 3^0
+ 2 * 3^1
+ 2 * 3^2
+ 0 * 3^3
27 in decimal
and counting in that system is
πΆ, π±, π
π±πΆ, π±π±, π±π,
ππΆ, ππ±, ππ,
π±πΆπΆ, π±πΆπ±,...