File IO in Java should be done preferably with NIO (Java 7+), revolving around the classes Files and Path; and not with the old interface File, BufferedReader, FileReader and similar.
NIO is simple to use. The path to a file is represented using the Path class:
Path path = Path.of("myFile.txt");
All file operations can be found in the Files class:
List<String> allLines = Files.readAllLines(path);
String content = Files.readString(path);
try (Stream<String> stream = Files.lines(path)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
Files.write(path, lines);
Files.writeString(path, "hello world");
Files.writeString(path, "hello world",
StandardOpenOption.WRITE,
StandardOpenOption.CREATE,
StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
If you need more control over the process, you can fallback to the old interface, but prefer using the bridge methods from NIO (Files.newBufferedReader, Files.newInputStream, path.toFile() and similar) to benefit from advantages such as correct encoding and better error detection.
Here is a simple example of how to read a file line-wise with the old interface
try (BufferedReader br = Files.newBufferedReader(path)) {
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
}
it is way more verbose than NIO but it gives more control.
You must not forget to close file handles, even in all exceptional cases. Closing a handle manually is very hard, which is why you should always use try-with-resources for this to let Java automatically close the handle for you:
try (SomeResource resource = ...) {
...
}