#help-39
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so you see how e^x already appeared in the homogeneous solution
yes
so your initial guess for (polynomial) * e^x breaks because of that
I kinda follow
My teacher said we should always find the y_c first just incase that it's similar (like here)
But I don't fully get it -- what to do now that it is the same
if you have this sort of situation, where the solution you would guess is in the homogeneous solution, it won't work. but you can fix it by multiplying your entire guess by x
(just the e^x part to be clear, not the constant part)
So I can do y_p = A + x(Bx+C)e^x ?
yes
you don't
y_p = A + (Bx^2 + Cx+ D)e^x?
you can, but it would just turn out to be 0
gotcha
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How do I take the (hyper?)determinant of an n x n x n matrix? Can I just cofactor expand, ie for every element across 0,j,k I do el(0,j,k) * subtensor (1 to i_max, 0 to j_max \ j, 0 to k_max \ k) ? until the determinant of a 1x1x1 is just the element?
my specific problem is I want to measure the nonlinearity of a nx1 vector of Rn -> R functions, so I take two partial derivatives to get the change in linearization, take the jacobian (determinant), then find the absolute max across Rn, which is simply taking J' = <0..0> and applying some numerical method from there
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here what is this N of the fft i don't understand aren't we supposed to do the fft for each sampled point ?
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How do I take the (hyper?)determinant of an n x n x n matrix? Can I just cofactor expand, ie for every element across 0,j,k I do el(0,j,k) * subtensor (1 to i_max, 0 to j_max \ j, 0 to k_max \ k) ? until the determinant of a 1x1x1 is just the element?
my specific problem is I want to measure the nonlinearity of a nx1 vector of Rn -> R functions, so I take two partial derivatives to get the change in linearization, take the jacobian (determinant), then find the absolute max across Rn, which is simply taking J' = <0..0> and applying some numerical method from there
(which I just realised won't work, because if one of my n initial elements is 0, the whole determinant is zero, despite the nonlinearity definitely being nonzero)
(attempt 2 since I forgot I asked and no one answered)
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@unborn swallow Has your question been resolved?
better question; I have (a nx1 sized vector of functions fn (Rn -> R)) + Ax + Bx'. I wish to find the nonlinearity of each row.
Looking at one row at a time, I take two partial derivatives, I end up with a matrix that is (J(f) where Ji,j=d/xi d/xj fn(x)xi'xj') + (diagonal matrix where Ai,i=Aix''+Bix''')
however, if xi is not used in a given row (d/dxi fn = Ai = Bi = 0), then the determinant of this whole matrix at row n is zero
despite the function being very nonlinear
now, I could just ignore zero rows/columns when taking the determinant
but then, if I were to add in say x7 that was unused, by making Gn,7=1, then suddenly my whole determinant is multiplied by x7''
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how many of the first 10000 positive integer contain the digit pair 43 in that exact order
i got 299 is it right?
i did it by like 4 3_ _
43xx
x43x
xx43
in the first one xx can be 00-99 so thats 100
second one x can be 0-9 so 10 x 10 = 100 also
then last is xx can be 0 - 99 also
so 3 x 100 = 300
then minus 1 cus the first and third one can appear as 4343 counting it as one
is this logic correct? or
is 4003 allowed? Like it also contains the pair of digits 4 and 3 and is in the desired order 
yea, then yours looks alright
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I want to show that if two elements x and y of a group are conjugates, then they have the same order
I've been able to do this for the case where x has finite order, but I'm entirely at a loss as to how I'd show this when x has infinite order 
or maybe it's that I'm confused about what it means for an element of a group to have infinite order
oh, hold on
infinite order just means that the order isn't finite
so if x = g^-1yg and |x| = infty, then |g^-1yg| = infty, i.e. (g^-1yg)^n neq e for any n
then by associativity, g^-1y^ng neq e for any n
so y^n neq e for any n, and we're done
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short proof, just show that "conjugation by g" is an automorphism
that's basically what one does in the finite case without saying so anyways 
don't really even have to think about finite vs infinite if you do it that way

(well, assuming that you "know" that orders of elements are preserved under isomorphisms)
but maybe that's not a valid assumption here
"know" as in, have proved and can use in this context 😁
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What are the prerequisites before solving this problem
I did consult AI for relevent videos, but it doesn't seem to be the one I'm looking for
Today we're going to be taking a look at just how simple it is to design your own mechanical keyboard PCB within Kicad. We will cover everything from setting up the program along with applicable symbol and footprint libraries, designing the schematic, laying out the PCB, and finally some information on the differences between HASL and ENIG when ...
there should be no prerequisites? Like you press a button, that completes a circuit and generates 4 signals C1 to C4 which help to identify the switch
if the current passes thru C, what happens at R?
there are 4 ports of C
yea, so just explain how an activation at C1 affects R1, R2, R3 and R4
and so on all the way to C4
Right
I mean opposite
R1 has a signal, and what pressing a switch does at C1
and so on
mb
When S1 is pressed, there would be current passing through C1 and R1 I assume
something like that yes
what happens is you send a pulse thru one of the R's or C's and listen at the other one
so if you hit a switch, it affects the output at one of those
gotcha
I have a quick question
what is that resistor network doing?
Do they serve as any special purpose?
my guess would be to control the signal strength
so S1 and S5 register as distinct keys at C1
but im not too sure
Right
One more question
is this the pulse's route when S1, as a button, is pressed?
yea
So it has to pass through 2 resistos if it wants to reach R2
lemme clarify it, my wording's a big ambigous
mb, I spent a minute actually thinking, and it would be just to keep the signal high. A device that reads keypresses, a microcontroller or smthn, would make signal at the R LOW (say its the input), and C would also be LOW. But pressing a switch would result in the C becoming HIGH.
no this doesnt happen
it's alright
My idea is: when S1 is pressed it follows the red route
S5: blue route
that would be impossible since the current would have to flow against the potential difference
wait, so the current will not follow the blue route when only S5 is pressed?
blue is right, red is not
How come?
ok, so the way it would work is like, you have R as signals that you set and C as the signals that you read ok?
now you set R1 as LOW and other Rs as HIGH
Right, lemme summarize it
It's like we send 4 signals R1 to R4, and observe the behaviors of C1 to C4
to determine which button(s) S1 to S16 are turned on
yea
Right, so the signals are either 1 or 0, is that correct?
yea
wdym 1 signal input?
Lemme draw
S1 is closed and S5 S9 S13 are opened
the result would be 1 at C1
smth like this
yes
got it, I'll just ignore them since they're trivial to the question lol
||When a switch is pressed it should|| ||make the R and C it connects LOW while the rest remain HIGH||
R1 to R4 0010
C1 to C4 XXX1
I'm not sure what are LOW and HIGH mean, is it another way to represent 0 and 1?
yea
Right
My doubt is: I don't think the value of C1 to C3 affect how we determine the status of S12
well, you want C4 to be 1 to detect S12 right?
yes
so what about switch S11?
what would you prefer it to show on C3 when S11 is pressed?
opened?
so 1?
now imagine here, its R: 0010 and C:1111. Now tell me is it S9, S10, S11 or S12?
which one did get pressed?
I'd say S12
but can't they all be pressed simultaneously?
why? doesnt S11 operate on XX1X? 1111 is also in this form!
thats the problem. you wanna see what happens on a single key press
yeah, but if 12 is closed then 1111 will not be the case
mhm
because there is no bridge to the last exit
I literally replied to what you said. Its you who said C4 has to be 1 when S12 is pressed
and since the other dont matter, why cant they be 1 as well?
hmm
I have a dumb question
S9 needs to be 1 for R3 to deliever signal to C1, right?
by 1 you mean pressed state? if so, yes. it needs to be pressed so that c1 gets low and detected
Right, so if S12 is pressed the current can flow from R3 to C4
yeah, but I still don't understand why C1 C2 C3 matter in this case 
if S9 S10 and S11 are not pressed, can the current flow to C1 C2 and C3?
like only S12 is pressed
no.
that not flowing is by design
Right, so for this question. S9 to S12 are all pressed
because C1 to C3 are 1s
yes
thats the point
so when S12 is pressed (as asked in your question), it wont lead to XXX on C1, to C3
it should not be left ambiguous
yes, but they can be either 0 or 1, can't they?
no
Because we're just looking for the route directly to C4
also, 0 is LOW and 1 is HIGH. R=0 and C=0 is when keypress gets noticed. coz them being low allows Vcc to be detected thru them
so, it should be 0s at C4 and R3 when S12 is pressed
and 1s everywhere else
yeah, I'm probably having problem with the noun definition. Pressed means "the passage is closed" and Not pressed means "the passage is available"
pressed switch allows signal to pass thru it, which is same as closed. Unpressed would be open switch and no current thru, inf resistance
also, i gtg, I'll be back later if its still unresolved
bye
Alright, appreciate it
I'll come back later
@tardy reef Thanks again, appreicate that you're willing to teach a
NOOB

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Hi, I'm doing an assignment that requires me to mathematically verify my results (it's an assignment about creating "roads" of different speed limits using functions and justifying using the rate of curvature). In what ways could I do this? All the guides online don't really have anything beyond saying to either use technology or calculate error off of real world data, but I don't really have any data to compare to (since all my functions were found using trial&error). If someone could help I'd really appreciate it!
verify what specifically though? the speed limits? the rate of curvature? something about the roads themselves?
(tl;dr, overbroad question)
(perhaps showing the parts you need verified would help, plus context)
sorry, yeah that would help
honestly i think this might be something only my teacher can answer
super sorry for wasting your time but tysm 🙏
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no worries about wasting time. that's what helpers are here for

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Help please
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x tends to 0 and so does sinx. It is easy to prove that x >= sinx for all positive x.
Hence, x - sin(x) is positive and tends to 0 as x -> 0.
Hence limit x->0 (x-sinx) = 0
Therefore,
For x->0, sinx ~ x
Or
limit x->0 sinx/x = 1
It is easy to prove that x >= sinx for all positive x.
yeah I see that's not easy to prove
what is the question here?
It's might be checking his proof
the taylor series expansion for sinx
That's like using rocket for a snow ball fight
well if it gets the job done what's wrong
More generally, 'modern artillery'
Yes.
another way to prove x>sinx doesn't come to mind that quick
Maybe it doesn't get the job done
shit
Cuz smtime they're not allowed to use that
Is the rest of my proof correct, considering that I have proved this fact?
Hmm, I don't think so
x >= sinx is wrong on the left hand limit iirc
Let the limit be from the positive side. I tried to prove limit x-> 0+ sin(x)/x = 1
ehhh, could be, idk that's a weird way to prove lim sinx/x
Is the fact that x >= sin(x) for all positive x usd in the proof?
For example, I could say:
sin(x) tends to 0 and so does sin(2x). Clearly, sin(2x) - sin(x) for small positive values of x.
Hence, sin(2x) - sin(x) is positive and tends to 0 as x->0.
Hence limit x->0+ (sin(2x) - sinx) = 0
Therefore,
For x->0+, sin(x) ~ sin(2x)
Or
lim x->0+ sin(2x)/sin(x) = 1
What i want to say is, 2x>=x but 2x/x=2
fraction is like dealing with the ratio
So I don't think you can do that argument
i think there was a number (dottie number??) before which sinx > x
Yes.
Thank you, I understand.
I have another attempt at the proof.
Let me send it.
Nvm.
It uses the same fallacy.
Thanks for the help.
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hai
yeah, so
$2z = 0$ is the same thing as $z=0$
Ann
now that you have cos(theta) = 0 as info
you can find r, and then you can find the points (x,y) that work
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hello, suppose i have a sequence a_n. if it is descending and bounded, then how can i explain that a_1 is a real value?
mmmmm
why... would a_1 be anything but real
like i guess if you're really into exotic shit you could say "oh i guess a_n is a sequence of points in some linearly ordered set that may or may not be R"
but also like...
!xy
Please show the original problem, exactly as it was stated to you, with the entire original context. A picture or screenshot is best. If the original problem is not in English, then post it anyway! The additional context might still be helpful. Do your best to provide a translation.
a_n is descending so would that imply some sort of order?
I'm not confident on spaces that have order, R is the only one I know 🤷
that... is what i said, yes.
lol i just wanna be sure that i can state a_1 is real so that i can continue my proof of something else
can you show this something else
what was the original proof?
Oh, I see sorry.
i really dont think you should be having any trouble with declaring a_1 is real if it is indeed real
decreasing-ness and bounded-ness be damned
from the question it should be obvious whether you can assume that the a_i are real or not
The boundedness is the only condition you require to prove this i think
it should be made clear in some way in the question
hmm okeoke maybe i didnt think simply enough
or if your course only considers real sequences then its also clear
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how do we solve stuff like this?
ig u could find a normal vector from that equation of plane
and can find a vector of the same direction using the equation of line
and use dot product , a . b = |a||b| cos theta , and find p
im not sure i understand what you mean
which step
this is lil a fast drawing i can make
this one
do u know how to find a vector equation of a line
using a point and a parallel vector?
its just that , but in reverse step
yes
so a here is (1,1,3) and b here is (-1, 1, p)?
ye
ohh okay
okay because the normal vector is perpendicular to the plane so we do 90-60
i got the correct answer!
tysm
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np <3
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I still struggle with ε-δ definition FOL
What have u tried, or is there something specific you want to go over, tactics in general or?
Maybe what pattern to look for?
What are possible ways to approach this?
You already have the values x=3 and g(x) = 3/5, so all you need to do is consider |g(x) - 3/5| < ε and |x-3| < δ
Given ε, what δ would work?
whats that
what is epsilon delta definition
A good approach is to start backwards, i.e start from |g(x) - 3/5| < and work your way to something that is independent of x and contains delta, now this is supposed to be less than epsilon. So we solve for delta and we’re done
Sometimes we can make that job easier by making further assumptions that’s appropriate for delta
Formally or intuitively?
Also create a channel for that
lemma limit_eps (ε:ℝ) (εpos: ε>0) : ∃δ>0, ∀x, 0<|x-3|<δ → |g x - 3/5|<ε := by sorry
This is occupied
∀ ε, ∃ δ > 0, ∀ x, (0 < |x − a| < δ ⇒ |f x − L| < ε)
I believe this is the definition
i didnt understand what u wrote
One sec, I'll try to write
It formalises the notion of arbitrarily getting closer and guaranteeing we’re within a certain threshold set by epsilon, a lot easier when you think of it in terms of sequences (without the delta business)
ok thanks!
This in turn formalises what we’d consider a limit
The reason we have to express it like this, is because math expresses statements using symbols from the language of first order logic
But we can sort of dumb it down and use natural language sometimes
We benefit however from being precise
Choose an ε whatsoever, however small, there is a δ for which the distance of f(x) and L is ε.
No matter how near f(x) we go on the y axis (choose any value, no matter how small: ∀ ε > 0)
there is a δ > 0 (∃ δ > 0)
alright ty! respect for the efforts 🫡
I struggle with this! I would like to write it accessibly
@void grail are you making progress with this?
I can give some tips on how to think about this
Yes, in fact learning to write it accessibly seems like a good aim, because if I would understand it well enough to explain it then that would be great maybe
It really does, I think first understanding intuitively what happens with sequences makes this much more accessible
Want hints on how to proceed on the concrete problem?
Thank you @Aslan, this is plenty of help, I will look at sequences and the idea of working backwards and the other suggestion, thank you all!
🙌
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hello whys this wrong
can you show the exact thing you put in there and the exact feedback you got
?
this is my ans
show how you typed it into the answer box.
then show what exactly the system said after you did it
oh wait
that ans is correct
but i did it the wrong way around
i was gna ask why is tht wrong
this
bc the red arrow goes down so we dont chnage sign
basically when do i change the signs
Have you tried drawing these sums?
im not gonna give a coherent rule of "when to change the signs and when not"
but your idea was that $\ora{FD} = \frac12 \ora{BD}$, and $\ora{BD} = \ora{BA} + \ora{AD}$
Ann
the minus sign comes in at the point where you work out $\ora{BA}$ as $-\bd{m}$
Ann
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tysm
You are welcome!
Addtion is commutative by axiom in any vector space over a field.
∀ u, v ∈ V, u + v = v + u
I think.
idk wht this means but ok
It means that you can add one vector to the other, or the other to the one, order doesn't matter .
Draw m first, then n, or n first, then m, same path.
i need help bru
When you wrote-m+n,
I think you wrote (-1)m + n
then with m-n:
m+((-1)n)
multiply by (-1) flips the vectors direction
@toxic lichen why warning sign?
inappropriate level of formalism, imo.
Maybe
Which is what you wrote.
Ah you need help with the second one
yh
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Im a little confused on why for the final jib, it only has a length of 1m
I thought that it should be 2 because it states that a jib touching another tower doesnt result in a crash since the distance between the towers is 2
Output is the the length of jib in meters such that the covered area is maximized btw
not sure what they mean with that last line... maybe just ignore it?
tbh i interpreted it as the length of jib can equal the distance between the two towers
Well clearly the output doesn't show that, so just assume that's not the case
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hi i was trying to do this equation "find all solutions to 4x^2 = y^3 + 1. ive found that x=0 y=-1 works, that y>= -1, and i feel like this may be the only solution, but im trying to prove it. i tried some mod arithmetic, may not be useful. i thought maybe if we can show that y^3+1 is never a perfect square unless y=-1 that this would show it is the only solution (dk if true tho), would this be the way forward? thanks
should be a y^3 in the 4th line acc
hmm i would suggest you to take x^2 as t for some time
where t is always positive
and draw a graw of 4t=y^3+1
then just sqrt the value of t to find the two corresponding values of x
finally a server that i can get help on
use one of the unoccupied channels though pls

Are we trying to find integer solutions? Or reals or what
integer prob
sorry its a diophantine equation so yes integer i think
interesting didn't think it that way

thats sad
so all integer soln's hmm
Isolate y and factor the x’s for first step
You will notice the factors are coprime
You can basically create an equation of a^3 - b^3 = 2 using that fact
And show the only solution for that is 0,-1
so y^3 = (2x+1)(2x-1), how did u jump to a^3 - b^3 = 2
2x+1 and 2x-1 are coprime meaning they can be represented as a perfect cube because their product is a perfect cube (this is a fact from number theory)
You can show they are coprime by showing that some gcd of both 2x+1 and 2x-1 must be 1
i acc never thought about how 2 odd integers were coprime damn
So 2x-1 = some a^3 and 2x+1= b^3
consectuve
Well they are coprime if their gcd is 1
So you just have to show that
You need something that must divide the difference of 2x-1 and 2x+1
Which would be 1 or 2
But since 2x-1 is always odd your only option is 1
sorry im still not too sure abt the jump to this
This comes from showing they are coprime
By definition two coprime integers that have a perfect cube product must themselves be perfect cubes
howd u prove that
It’s a long proof using unique prime factorization
To my knowledge it’s just an accepted fact
okok
In my course it was anyway
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Why is this wrong?
nothing i think
i think its false if you want to put square root you have to do the absolute value
doesn't look wrong; who's saying it is?
yea doesent look wrong
ok yh
Oh!
did you look in the wrong place in your answer key maybe?
There’s an error in the results from the text book
Guys would you like to help me in physics and chemistry ??
Actually
!occupied
Open new channel bro
Someone else is already using this help channel. If you need help with a question, please open your own help channel/thread (see #❓how-to-get-help for instructions).
she's literally got those she/her pronouns and you're calling her bro?
@lucid bridge @rich spindle
Idk that it was a girl
im a boy
I'm new here and i don't know what to do
read #❓how-to-get-help
Thx
its not that deep relax
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Am I on the good path? Cause I can’t ^4square root 25…
Cube also go to 25
No but when you write 4th root (...)³ you have to make that cube to 25 also, not just x and y
what is (4t)^2?
$4^2 \neq 4\cdot 2$
Yeatte
stop neglecting numbers oval, they're important too
Someone help me pls
you forgot about the 25 when you spread the ^3.
do not advertise about your question in other help channels.
if anyone that can help you sees your question, they will.
Ok sorry i apologise
its alright! patience then.
@carmine juniper
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x(x+8) dy/dx = y
x(x+8) dy = y dx
move y to the left side, x(x+8) to the right side
x(x+8)/y dy = 1 dx
1/y dy = 1/(x(x+8)) dx
then ∫
∫ 1/y dy = ∫ 1/(x(x+8)) dx
im asking why its 1/x(x+8)
they divided both sides by x(x+8)
why
if you had x(x+8) dy = y dx, you cant really integrate both sides
you can integrate (something with x in it) dx and (something with y in it) dy though
so with x(x+8) dy = y dx,
they need to move the x(x+8) to the dx side and the y to the dy side
because ∫ 1/(x(x+8)) dx is more doable than ∫ x(x+8) dy
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yo
is my answer right 😭
one sec
okkk tysmm
looks right to me too 
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Hello 👋
Yes
@dapper nymph Has your question been resolved?
Please show the original problem, exactly as it was stated to you, with the entire original context. A picture or screenshot is best. If the original problem is not in English, then post it anyway! The additional context might still be helpful. Do your best to provide a translation.
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What did i do wrong with these two? Im trying to find derivative
the second one is definitely more of a planning error
as in you dont need the quot rule for that one
but you also have an execution error: $\dv{x} \ln(10) = 0 \neq \frac{1}{10}$
Ann
How can i solve it without the rule?
recognize that 1/log(10) is a constant multiplier
you would not use the quotient rule to differentiate $\frac{x^3}{123456789}$ now would you?
Ann
I see 🤔
Sorry it's been a long time since I've worked with log, could you explain this part to me?
this doesn't actually have anything at all to do with log
10 is a constant
any function applied to the constant 10 will also produce another constant
sqrt(2) is also a constant
sin(0.17) is also a constant
e^7 is also a constant
capisce?
@shadow reef
Wait I'm not quite getting it, are you saying I can take out 1/log(10) from f(x)?
idk what you mean when you say "take out"
you can and should view 10^x/log(10) as (1/log(10)) * 10^x, sure
what im trying to drive home is that 1/log(10) is just a number
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how
part a and c
What step are you on?
1. I don't know where to begin.
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4. I got an answer and would like my work checked.
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7. None of the above
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yk how induction works right?
so take you base case n=2, take induction hypothesis for n=k. Then you gotta prove that n=k+1 hold
so it suffices to prove
and that's the same as proving part (a)
how did you get this
when we assume that our inductive hypothesis holds for n=k, we get
so to take it to n=k+1, I added $\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}$
Donkey
yes i understand how it shows up on the LHS but why does it show up on the RHS
shouldnt it be 2sqrt(k+1)-2
when you add stuff to an inequality you gotta add it on both sides yeah
we're trying to prove that
this is a known inequality from our inductive process
so we work a bit on this
and try using it to prove the whole theorem
and here you just divide by 2 to get part a right
yup exactly
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l'hopital shd do the trick on both
Thank you very much, I will try it
I don't recommend using L'Hopital
ε-δ definition easier?
Why would you need that here
Yeah L'hopital seems way more straightforward
delta Eplison is pretty overkill for most calc bc limit analysis
also I rationalised top and
x⟶0: (0+1)/(√(1+0+0)+1)=1/2
When do you use it?
you don't lmao it's not in the calc bc curriculum anymore
Was it moved to analysis curriculum?
but in actuality you use it when formally defining limits and a more rigorous way to do limits. In actuality tho I say don't use it unless the question says so, which in AP calc bc they don't
this is for AP calc bc, right?
I need to learn it for BSc calculus/analysis exams, and I am also curious to learn it
yeah that makes sense, it is more of a real analysis thing really
It's useally easier to do literally anything else lmao
Alright, I didn't kow that, it's good to know
It teaches logic also
I meant when actually doing limits, I do think it is good to teach
Sequences are easier more intuitive?
Ah I thought it was maybe easier to learnl imits from the perspective of sequences, but I guess what I was suggested was it was easier to learn the ε-δ definition from the perspective of sequences
You are saying there are other, simpler ways to find limits of functions
well you just did
L'hospital's rule
and also algebraic manipulation to cancel out holes
maybe x⟶0: (0+1)/(√(1+0+0)+1)=1/2 is based on the epsilon delta definition logic somehow
there's also natural logging both sides of the limit
is x⟶0: (0+1)/(√(1+0+0)+1)=1/2 canceling out holes?
what I mean by this is say we have ((x+4)(x-3))/(x+4)(x-8). If we want to take the limit as x approaches -4, we can just cancel out x+4 and plug in
algebraic manipulation, like factoring the denominator, and saying x≠ whatever makes the denominator 0, so that's a sort of cancelling the asymptote sending the function to another function which is preserving the limit maybe
in ii here you could try multiplying numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the top expression
yeah in that sense
Is this topology?
but generally not an asymtote
no it's calculus lmao
generally these cases are useally holes
oh asymptote is maybe convergence to infinity
kind of
an asymtote can converge to a finite value
but yes generally it would involve infinity iirc
also another thing
in AP calculus bc the way we get around delta Eplison is by just by heuristically saying that the limit is describing what's happening around a neighborhood of the function
Alright, thank you very much for your help @tiny hound , awesome, and thank you everyone
Also negating the epsilon delta seemed like a way to understand something about it, in my experience
yeah you don't practically need it if you can just grasp an intuitive understanding of a limit
unless you are asked
like ∃ε∀δ¬(…)
tho it is still good to know
and that maybe helps understand the underlying formal defintion / logic
yep, why it's good to do
I didn't bother with it and neither did my teachers
way things useally go: if you have to do solve something, don't overcomplicate it
Like it exists - ok. But its usefulness is barely there
delta epsilon useally overcomplicates things
imo it is good to have a bit of an understanding but also save it for real analysis
Yeah, it's definitely not for my calculus brain
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how do we do these
using the result from part a, raise both sides to the power of 4
then using the double-angle identity for cos(2x), it's a quadratic in u = cos x
what does it mean by quadratic in u=cosx
e.g, 5 (cos x)^2 + 3 (cos x) + 1 = 0 is a quadratic in cos x
ohh so we can solve for cosx using quadratic formula
yep!
I think it's factorisable but you should check for yourself
if it's p1 it will be factorisable
yeah it is p1
but i often just use quadratic formula in any case unless i need the factored form
can we not factor when theres irrational coefficients?
you can
depends if you can spot it or not
it's not really worth bothering over if you can't
ohh
I would do, it's either (4u + .....)(u + ....) or (2u + ....)(2u + .....)
and then the first case doesn't work, but it's not easy to see why unless you just try every case
i got cos(x) = 3sqrt(3)/2 or sqrt(3)/2
cool and hopefully you know what to do now, for 0 < x < pi/2
there's something blatant about cos(x) = 3 sqrt(3)/2, for example
mhm, cause you can't have cos x = 2 or anything (with absolute value) more than 1
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yo ive been absolutely tweaking on this question, i rly dont want someone to tell me the solution as i want the satisfaaction of working it out myself, but instead can someone criticise my current approaches and why i shouldn't have approached it like this, question probably easy as well😔 prove that 14^n + 11 is never prime. thanks🙂
What does n belong to
i think integers if thats what u mean
14^0 + 11 isn't prime either
i think there's gonna be some modulo bullshit going on
red, does the problem say that n is natural
strange, can you screenshot the problem then
sorry what do you mean
as in is it meant to specify what n is somewhere
there's a clear pattern for when n is odd and when n is even
I just tried around on Wolfram Alpha
but it's not hard to show, nowhere near what you've done so far
ok thanks
yes your current approach is correct
as in, when n is odd, they're all 0 mod X
and when n is even, they're all 0 mod Y
but this would require computing like n = 4 and higher which would take a while, dont think im allowed to
this typo is problematic
14^n + 11 is equivalent to something else (mod 6) when n is even
when n is odd, consider the following
its possible to figure out an argument that knocks out all odd n the same way there is for even n
now what causes n = 1 to not be prime?
try that out and youre done
@shut flicker Has your question been resolved?
thanks a lot, so my typo was that 14^n+ 11 = 2 (mod 6), it should be = 3 (mod 6) right? so that can never be prime, since it would be in the form 6n+3 = 3(2n+1), hence, have a factor of 3, so if we consider when n is odd, i noticed that when n is 1, we get 25, which is a multiple of 5, so i tested at 14^(2k+1), which is always congruent to 4 (mod 5), and when you plus 11, congruent to 1 (mod 5), we get smth congruent to 0 (mod 5), therefore, also cannot be prime, perhaps i could also done an induction proof to show that 14^2k+1 + 11 is always divisible by 5, thanks for all your help😄
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Im getting 280 ms^-1
but the answer is 285 ms^-1
first im confused whether the intial vertical velocity we'll take is 0 or 50sin30.
but trying both of them im still getting 280.
v² = u² + 2as
v = sqrt[0+2(9.8)(4000)] = 280
v = sqrt[(50sin30)² + 2(9.8)(4000)] = 281
of part a
@fast canyon Has your question been resolved?
You're only considering the vertical component of its velocity. Remember it also has a horizontal component due to the plane's initial velocity.
(Also remember to use 9.81 and not 9.8 since it explicitly says to use 9.81)
oh so we will use 50sin30 right? its asking us velocity when it hits the ground, the horizontal component remains the same throughout so we have to use the vertical
Yes, we use 50sin30 for the vertical component.
But remember that we also need to include the horizontal component once we've found the vertical component
okay so now we have both vertical and horizontal should i find the resultant velocity?
oh yeah now im getting 285
wowir
thanks a lot
Yea
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for (ii) if question A1 is chosen then one of the questions is guaranteed and doesn't matter so you have 3 options left and 2 questions to answer for part A so it's (3C2) and then again for B1 we exclude it so surely the answer should be (3C2)(6C4) and then for (iii) the first case is that A1 is chosen so it should be (3C2)(6C4) and then the second case is that A1 is not chosen so we have 3! options for part a. and then 7 options so 6(7C4) for the second part so both cases added together it's 3(15) + 6(35)
except im not even close
to the correct answer
im just trying to explain my thought process
are you sure there are 3! choices for section A questions in part (iii) case 2? that makes it sound like order suddenly matters
wait so if the order isnt the same but they are the same options they are not considered distinct?
the solution to part (ii) is a probability, so don't forget to divide the number of A1 => no B1 by the total number of exam routes
how many ways can you choose 3 items from a set of 3?
cool
so 3(15) + 35
not 3(15) + 6(35)
ah ok
that was my mistake
i dont fully understand when something should be distinct and when it isnt
ig
it's not a question of distinctness, you're in a setting where order doesn't matter and suddenly changed your counting approach to one that counts permutations
in part (i), choosing 3 items from a set of 4 yields (4 choose 3) = 4 options, so removing one of the candidates should yield less
more importantly, the counting problem itself doesn't change between the two variants, like you're still choosing k things from a set of n items (without replacement & order doesn't matter), just when (n,k) = (4,3) and (n,k) = (3,3)
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--
Original question ^
this breaks into series and parallel pretty easily
what's the deal with variable resistor?
not sure, are we supposed to write the result in terms of the resistance of the variable resistor
that's the whole mystery
okay so, my doubt is that how do we transform it from LHS to RHS?
ig it can be considered a fixed resistor with 10K $\omega$
step by step, convert the rightmost part
e4 e5 Qh5 Nc6 Bc4 Nf6 Qxf7#
repeat the following steps:
replace series resistors with an equivalent resistor
replace parallel resistors with an equivalent resistor
fold r6 and vr1 and r5 into one resistor, repeat
Result:
3.5294117647059
-# It's quite funny you said that
oh, I thought they belong to the same system
nvm, figured
Right, I drew a simpler diagram for demonstration
I just need some confirmation rq
Presumably BEF can be simplified as
$\frac{1}{B} + \frac{1}{E} + F$?
e4 e5 Qh5 Nc6 Bc4 Nf6 Qxf7#
Could you elaborate plz, thanks in advance 
yes, but what's the difference between the diagram I drew and this one?
hmm, if that's the case can I add up R6 and VR1 in the first place
and consider R5 in the nxt process?
yes
if that's the case, I think this works perfectly
lemme calculate it rq
$VR_1 + R_6 = 12$\
$\frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{3} = \frac{5}{12}$\
$\frac{5}{12} + 5 + 2 = \frac{89}{12}$\
$\frac{12}{89} + \frac{1}{5} = \frac{149}{445}$\
$\frac{149}{445} + 1 = \frac{594}{445}$\
e4 e5 Qh5 Nc6 Bc4 Nf6 Qxf7#
Right, looks legit.
@vestal tapir Could you take a look of it?
not really
i mean, if the answer is right, you got it
i would search for a circuit simulator, draw it and see if it agrees
Nah, I just need the core concept of how to do it 😂
Thanks for helping me
Have a good one

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OPEN
open
Right, for the first question I do not understand why that formula is true in the first place, let alone proving its authenticity
wait so Vout serves as the output of voltage, right?
how about DVcc? I thought it's a power source as well
yea
it is a power source, but you split it to get a lower V
Vcc gets split into V_out and Vcc-Vout due to the two resistances
So basically there exists two route for the current to go
and both ways are being used at the same time.
I'm not sure if I'm on the correct path
yes
well tbf atp you are only measuring
at part 2 it would get split
coz technically voltmeters have inf resistance and as such no current would flow thru the other part in an ideal case
I see, but how does that formula come from?
I have no idea how to derive that from the current information
this is how
I tried applying V = IR but it doesn't seem working
@tardy reef is it correct that I simplify the disgram on LHS to this?
I was writing my reasoning while I found out this crucial doubt in the midway
wait what? whats this? why is there two R1s there?
is the one on top supposed to be RL?
also note that R1 is in series with R2 as well as RL while R2 and RL are in parallel
so either way the diagram is incorrect
additionally, voltmeters are in parallel, so V should not be there
ah yes
no, I was trying to draw the diagram on RHS into a simpler, conciser manner
My idea is that the current is spilt into two routes, red and blue
yes the idea that it splits is correct
but that also means originally both red and blue pass thru R1. Is that why you have R1 on both?
yes
then where is RL?
because the current must pass through R1
makes sense 💀
so... can you now update the diagram?
Certainly
also, then in that case, you should draw the resistance outside the parallel configuration, and show it in series with the other resistances
coz the actual circuit has only one of R1, and all your circuits must reflect that
Right, so I assume we need to find the current flowing to the upper route
because that's what we are looking for
also uhh, there is a reason why we have symbols for various circuit elements, so it would make sense if they actually get used 💀
yep
I suck 😭
I wonder why tf you know so much
this is physic field, thought you're majoring in math
I wonder why you dont? Is that not in your highschool syllabus?
I am engineer, but tbh this is highschool syllabus
I managed to attend cs with my English and Math grade. My physics was like 44 out of 100 in my entrance exam
It's a pain in my ass since HighSchool since I never study when I was a high schooler
anyways, Imma finish this
The total current flowing into the upper route is: DVcc $\times\frac{R_L}{R_L + R_2}$
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simple dimensional analysis shows that you are wrong
Applying the formula V = IR\
$V = DVcc\times \frac{R_L}{R_L+R_2} \times $
yeah, I need help 💀
so what is the Req for the circuit?
you mean the sum of all resistors?
this thing that you did before
$\frac{1}{R_L} + \frac{1}{R_2} + R_1$
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nope
how come?
lets look at the R2 and RL, what is the single equivalent resistance of those two?
again, dimensional analysis
resistance is not same as 1/resistance
1/R1 would have unit 1/ohm
and 1/ohm cant add with ohm
So this one is incorrect as well
because I was using the same approach
no you have 1/Rt there
so actual resistance Rt would become correct
you are just one step away there
its incomplete not wrong
I didn't
I directly moved 5/12 to the next calculation
yea, then its wrong
well, luckily in this particular problem Rt is 1, so 1/Rt would also have the same value
Right, so
$\frac{1}{R_T} = \frac{1}{R_L}+\frac{1}{R_2}$\
$R_T = \frac{R_LR_2}{R_1+R_2}$
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yep
is the diagram I draw equal to the diagram on LHS?
because I think the first subquestion is about the diagram on LHS
no...
