#help-38
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suppose all outcomes are equally likely in this example
well you can't have more than half of the outcomes above 2*the expectation
otherwise when you compute the expectation
you get more than 1/2 * (2*expectation)
so the expectation is bigger than the expectation
which doesn't make sense
in general, if you're interested about how likely it is that you're above m*the expectation
it happens in at MOST 1/m of the case
X ~ # of heads in 4 tosses.
E[X] = 4*1/2 = 2
P(X >= 3) <= E[X]/3=2/3
So, the probability that you get at least 3 heads, is below 2/3?
Is this not correct understood with an example?
yeah it's exactly that
3 heads is 1.5 * the expected number of heads
so you can only get 3 heads or more in at most 1/1.5 of the cases
take another example
say you have a distance of 100m to travel in 100 seconds
and X(n) is your average speed on the n-th second
well E[X] = 1m/s
since your total average speed is 1 meter per second
so for example
the time you spend at 4m/s or more
has to be less than 1/4th of your trip
so less than 25 seconds are spent at 4m/s+ speed
does this example make things clearer?
the time you spend at 4m/s or more
P(X >= 4m/s) <= (1m/s) / (4 m/s)
So, yes when i plug it in it does
but I do see what ur saying as well in the logic
like otherwise we would go over the amount of seconds i think
so it has to be less than 1/4
π€ i think xD
@quaint ruin Has your question been resolved?
yeah that's kinda it
so
just adding the "f" thing
you just apply Markov
to the new non-negative random variable Y = f(X)
and a "new epsilon" $\varepsilon' = f(\varepsilon)$
rafilou2003
so $\mathbb P(Y\geq \varepsilon') \leq ...$
rafilou2003
and P(X >= epsilon) is less than that
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Hello
In a lottery of 100 tickets
there are three winning tickets.
What is the probability of winning one prize by buying two tickets
<@&286206848099549185>
1)b
Part b
In 1)a irs 3/100
!15m
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Think about how many ways in total can you pick 2 tickets first
Get the probablity of not winning them
But guys
And do 1-that
1)a is 3/100 right? Its for winning one ticket
Or that
But for winning 2 tickets
Cant we just multiply by 2
Thus makes it 6/100
Yes cause you have 3 ways of picking a winning ticket and 100 ways in total
100 ways to?
You've got 100 ways to pick the first ticket
And 99 the second
You are not reading the hint
Nonono
Your way i got it but in trying to see jurism
But you also can't pick 2 winning tickets
You only get 1 prize
You'd have to subtract that too
Yes
No
That'd be for 1 ticket
But also the order doesn't matter
1-(winning 0 tickets + winning 2 tickets)
So it's not 100*99 but rather 100 choose 2
Which is 100*99/2
This is probably easier than what i'm saying
1- 97/100 - 2/3
What are those numbers? They are too off
We shuffle since order matters?
Total minus winning nothing minus winning 2
Well if you ever have that thought think it through a little and you'll see it's negative
You can't have a negative probability
You did not understand
So sorry guys its my first day in probability and my teacher told us to solve that
π₯²
Let's only focus on samuel's method for now
1-(winning 0 tickets by taking 2 tickets + winning 2 tickets by taking 2 tickets)
Ok but pls show me ur method too after samuel
You repeat the method, dont overdo
I didnt understand
Whyby taking 2 tickets + winning ticketd by taking 2
Wait, have you gone over combinations/binomial symbol?
Ok then i think my way might be slightly easier tbh
Its the question maybe a bjt tricky for me
You have to understand the question
They are asking u to get exactly 1 winning ticket
Probability if getting 2 winning tickets out of 100
With 2 opportunities
How? They said 2 tickets
You said 1 winning ticked before
Read
You buy 2 tickets
Only 1 wins
I need help with statistics
Omg
and trigonometry
I thought its 2 prizes π₯²
plzzzzzzzzz
Okok getting 1 prize
!occupied
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So ok now
Think about all outcomes
You buy 2 tickets
Maybe you get 0 prizes
Maybe 1 prize
Ok
Maybe 2 prizes
Maybe 1 or maybe 2
You have 3 outcomes
Instead of calculating 1 prize
So it gets u 1 ticket only
^
Yes
We use combination right?
You can use whatwver you want Γ±
1 - 2/100 - 97/100 - 3/100
guys
Truee?? Pls say yes
I need help with trig graphs
!occupied
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Samuel
Answer is negative
Something is wrong let me see
Hm
My bad
1-2/100 - 97/100 = 0.01
But samuel
The probability of winning with one ticket is 3/100 which is 0.03
Probability of winning with 2 tickets is 0.01
Which is less
Shouldnt more tickets = higher chance @cosmic meadow sorry for tagging
Maybe this is correct?
@tawny bone any πwhere r u guys
Ok i'll just say my method then
But this works???
You know how the probability of something (for simple exercises) is n/m right
Yes
Right
So just find your n and your m
And you're set
M is total
Yes
98 is M?
Hmm total tickets is not 100?
So the total number of ways you can buy 2 tickets is your total
That's 100 choose 2
Makes sense?
Oh
Cause you're choosing 2 things out of 100 things
That us 4950
Yes
Good
So that's the total
Then you have to find the amount of ways you have exactly 1 winning ticket
Sorry to ask
But total of what?
Which is why you're using combinations and not variations
Exactly
Yes
Okok continue mister
Ok
So now N
N is the number of ways you can pick one winning and one losing ticket right
2c3 + 100c97 out of 2c100?
Idek what 2c3 would mean but
Bigger number first
Oh i flipped
Like you wrote 100c97
Yeah
Yea
And for every winning ticket, you have 97c1 losing tickets you can pair it with, since you're buying 2 tickets and 97 are losing
Oh not 100C97
So for every way you can pick a winning ticket
You have 97 ways to pick a losing ticket
Imagine W1 W2 W3 are the winners
And L1, L2, ..., L97 are the losers
Why this
Because
Tho*
Look back at this
Omg
W1 can go with L1, L2, ..., L97
So
I got the same anawer as i did with samuel
You have 97 ways if you pick W1
Huh
Broo thank u so much ππcan u become my friend???
Why are you doing 2-something?
Where
π
π€£π€£
Pls
Now 2a and b
Let me check
You can ping me if you need help, but I'm not very active on discord
Instagram? Idk
Not for math
Like friends in life
Also math friends why not
I wanna major in maths cuz i like it
I've got to drive somewhere rn, try yourself first and/or ask others
Thats Okay dude?
Oh okok
Not really looking for friends right now, sorry, things are pretty hectic as it is
Not friends
U become my math helper or idk
πππ
But i actually would like to
Idk do whats comfortable with u
Go drive bro have fun
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β
<@&286206848099549185> exercise 4
What would it change in the equation if we used probability for the fake die
Odd and even
Found different ways but im lost
Multiply by 2
Idk
Its been 15 min <@&286206848099549185>
this is entirely too small to read
Ex 4
I did
P(even)/2 = p(odd)
But the one thing i couldnβt understand is
How to get each probability for each case of sum of faces
Like i know we will get multiple
.
prob of odd are all equal and prob of even are all equal
2,4
4,2
In this case r they the same or we need to get each too
what does 2,4 mean
When we roll the dice
We get example : 4 then 2
We roll the dice again
We get 2 then 4
Are they considered the same
Like does order matter?
this is the question you should be answering first
Oh nope π
.
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for part C) would the answer be China or India? China increases a lot (about from 1 to 11) but India goes from like (0 to 2.5)
and for part D) do I add together (all others, China, and the US)?? or do I not include "all others"
for part C) would the answer be China or India? China increases a lot (about from 1 to 11) but India goes from like (0 to 2.5)
I'm not sure what about this would cause confusion
and for part D) do I add together (all others, China, and the US)?? or do I not include "all others"
"all others" is every other country combined. The top 3 countries are all named in the graph
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can anyone help me how to do this?
Ok
So we know at fβ(-3) thereβs a horizontal tangent right
Cause itβs given
Meaning that fβ(-3) = 0
yes
Iβve also drawn out the derivatives at the given point
We can see that fβ(0) has a negative slope, meaning that fβ(0) will be negative
And we see that fβ(4) has a positive slope
how did you get the new line?
Meaning that fβ(4) will be posivie
Well cause you know derivative is the slope at that given point right
Yes
but why did you pick zero
so it cant be 0?
so how will the order play out?
Like this
Fβ(0) < fβ(-3) < fβ(4)
Yes
why would it give a horizontal tangent of x=-3, was it to trick you?
Just for our information
Not meant to be a trick
sometimes
is this ap calc?
I rmb on the test it was given
But if its not given u can also see it
yes
i have a another question
i dont understand this
particulary because of the ln
do you understand how this goes?
Are u allowed to use derivative rules to evuaate this
or do u have to use the limit def
we can see that f(x) in this case is ln(x)
and its evulating the derivative of ln(x) at the point x = 3
so we just have to derive ln(x)
and then plug in 3
derive of lnx is e^x
no
is it not?
1/x
what
i though ln x is e^x
oh bruh
it is 1/x
my bad i got mixed up
so it would be 1/2x?
but it is gonna give 0
wont it give 0 when plug in?
oh not into that
into this
into the 1/x
because we found that the function they were deriving was ln(x)
and they were evulating it at x = 3
And we knwo the deriviative of ln(x) is 1/x
all we have to do now is plug in 3 for the x
1/3?
Yes
i stiil dont understand how
what about the bottom
wait now i ge tit
@ancient edge but why didnt we use product rule?
There arenβt 2 products
i mean power rule
Power rule for ln(x)
?
Doesnβt work
Cause power rule only applies to functions being raised to a power
Okay so they want you to find the derivative of f evaluated on 1
i dont know how to get a derravtive of a graph
And you know f(x) is a product of two functions
yes
Did they teach you rules of getting derivates of functions?
And with products of functions?
yes product rukle
So if f(x) = g(x)Γh(x) what would the derivative function look like
it would be g'(x)h(x)+g(x)h'(x)
So f'(x) equals that
Thus f'(1) = g'(1)h(1)+g(1)h'(1)
h(1), h'(1) is given
The rest you gotta take from.the graph
What is g(1)?
Nope
Oh well g(1) = 2 yes
But the derivative
Do you know what the derivative exactly is
The derivate is way to show how much a function is 'increasing' at some point
or 'decreasing'
looks like its decreasing
yes
Do you remember how to calculate how much a linear function increases or decreases?
rise over run?
I dont know if you call it that in english, i was in a german school
Yes!
Now put it all together and youll get your answer
i see will do
What did you get?
is it 8?
oops
i think i made a miscalcultion
thank you summi
i am studying for my unit 2 exam for calc
No problem, do you have any further questions?
Well you can ask me
I want you to be able to understand what this is about
Did you understand all the steps we took to solve the problem from before?
yes out of noewhere the teacher gives us hard questions on exam
yes i understood the g'
whcih is the slop
this is it
it tells me nothing
i hate table and graphs so hard to understand
Dont worry Ill make sure you will understand
Okay we have no idea how f really looks like but they have given us some information
So where they want us to estimate f'(3)
somewhere in the middle of 5 and 8
Could be the case or it could not we dont know
So lets take a small step back
alright
So you understand how derivatives work
we used the slope
Yes
;)
y-y1=m(x-1)
Yes
Derivates started off by creating a slope between two points
And then we fix one point amd shift the other closer to the former point
i say 8-5=m(4-2)
So we gain a better estimation
3/2?
but how does it apply to f'(3)?
So our best estimation is to look how much our function changes from 2 to 4
i have another question
Okay
Do you know what continouos means?
Pretty much yes
and same left and right
Now what is differentiable
but 4 is the answer
i see, so i am correct?
With 4 yes
but it is baret any sharp
i see
It doesnt matter if its a tiny bit sharp
like curves right
Yea
Because the issue would be that the f'(4) (for an example) would have two values
If you come from right and from left
You would gain two different values
Do you understand?
i see
But do you get what Im saying?
yes i am pretty srue
Well then suggest me how you would do it
Okay this is a case of right answer but not the right idea of solving
Look again how is k defined
my bad i would add the prodcurt of f(x)g'(x)
i am using the product rule
Yes
i see so it would be correct?
9 would be the correct answer, you just gotta apply product rule and read the values from.the table
Oh then its perfect
I thought you just multiplied f'(x) and g'(x) before
i stil dont understand this
oh lol
i worded it a little bad
sorry
Oh god this brings back memories
Uhmmm idk how advanced you are in calc, is tjis school level or university level?
Did you hear of l'hospital?
Okay now lets make this simple
Do you know what exactly happens here
Do you know what happens im this formula thing?
all i know this is a altternate derravtice formula
Thats why you dont bother about it
The trick is
That you realise that this is how the derivative is defined
If f(x) = ln(x)
Then this expression is equal to f'(3)
Yes
You dont have to do calculations there
so all i need is the numerator?
Yes and no, yoi are doing no calculations there
Again
The trick is that you have to realise that this is the derivative of ln(x) at 3
You dont have to do anything further with this
i see
which is 1/3
so i dont have to worry about bottom?
hopefully i do good in the unit 2 test
Just keep a cool head
The solutions are simpler than you at first expect
and time goes so fast
Do want to ask anything more
Imma be honest i forgot what the derivative of sec(x) and csc(x) are
i think it should be correct
No
Yes
Im still here if you need more help
alright i got three more questions left
i will do this on m own
i got 6/25
gona tr again
Look up the quotient rule again
,tex .diff rules
pizzanator
Correct
Yes
Try again, there must be one small mistake
If you want to yoi can show me yoir calculations
oh wait i think i forgot something
And I think I know what you forgot
Yes
i got -1/2
And thats the correct answer
lets goooooooo!!!!!
ok time to check
i got 5 wrong
i am pretty sure i did this correcrly
What did you do to solve this
first
i made the top and bottom to equal eachother
which it did
then i got the derrravtives
What the the derivative of the first function
x
No
oh wait it is 1
Yes
Im this task or a different one?
Okay gimme a sec
Oh yeah it is 2
What the fuck did i calculate
Oh I realised my mistake
how
I took g(1) = 4 when in reality is 2
Its f(1) = g'(1)Γh(1)+g(1)Γh'(1) = -2Γ3 + 2*4 = -6 + 8 = 2
Nah it was me being dumb
Dont be like me :D
Wanna move to the next one
I can already tell what your mistake was
i didnt do the producrt rule
Yes
Not just 1/x
1/3
1/x + 2
And that simplifies to...
7/3
breh
my brain is fried
i think i am going to take a smallbreak
my brain is about to explode
thank you summi
can i dm you if i have any more questions
?
No problem, if you have questions you can dm me
Yes :D
Ill be awake for 1 more hour though
thank you man you are the GOAT!!
Maybe longer
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Can someone pls check if my answers is correct or no
@native coral Has your question been resolved?
Iβm sorry I didnβt get what you meanπ
looks about fine
small correction: q5 asks for the square of 7, not the square root of 7
also note that you can do the very last part (arrange in correct order) without finding out the values of the square roots
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We now attempt to prove that A mapping from a. higher dimension to a lower dimension wherein 0 is the only element mapping to $0$ isn't possible.
\
\
Consider the following Transformation T from $\mathbb{R}^n$ to $\mathbb{R}^m$, given by the generall matrix
\
\
$$\begin{bmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} \
a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} \
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \
a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \cdots & a_{mn}
\end{bmatrix}$$
so
$ \begin{bmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} \
a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} \
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \
a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \cdots & a_{mn}
\end{bmatrix} \cdot \begin{bmatrix}
a_{11} \
a_{21} \
\vdots \
a_{n1}
\end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix} \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{1i}x_i \ \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{2i}x_i \ \vdots \ \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{mi}x_i \end{bmatrix}$
\
\
We now solve
$\begin{bmatrix} \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{1i}x_i \ \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{2i}x_i \ \vdots \ \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{mi}x_i \end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix} 0 \ 0\ 0 \ \vdots \ 0\end{bmatrix}$
\
\
Which gives us a solution set consisting of a non -finite number of elements proving our result .
Can I have this checked?
Veni, vidi, perii
why does the solution set necessarily consist of a non-finite number of elements?
there are more variables than equations
well that shows that the linear mapping is equivalent to an overdetermined homogeneous system of linear equations, although you should probably expand on why that necessarily has nontrival solutions (or invoke some theorem)
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As a lone expression, would -2^2 be 4 or -4
Not assuming there are any brackets
I'd say -2^2 = -(2^2) = 4
That's what calculators assume
Calculators assume -(2β’2)
Which would be -4
From everything I know
-2^2 would be -2 Γ -2
But I'm arguing with people right now that are hell bent on -(2Γ2)
If we assume calculators use usual order of operations, which they commonly do to avoid ambiguity, the exponent latches on the 2, so it's interpreted as -(2^2) = -4, yes.
You know that (-2)^2 is 4 which is correct
Now it also depends on how your calculator works to begin with. Some will not have a minus sign per say, but rather will flip the sign of whatever you input, so if you press - then 2 then ^2, it might treat it as (-2)^2 = 4.
This is somewhat uncommon in scientific calculators and programming languages.
At the end of the day, if it's on paper, order of operation dictates -4.
Except outside of a calculator
How are you supposed to interpret it
At the end of the day, if it's on paper, order of operation dictates -4.
The same way really
I read that after yea
Literally every teacher I have ever had has done -2^2 = 4
The second behaviour is seen more commonly of the older style scientific calculators
Maybe it's a regional thing?
Or the ones we are supposed to use in the exams
The whole point of giving priority to certain operation is to be able to write things more concisely without sacrificing any meaning in the operation. If it's ambiguous, then there's no point debating it since either can be right. You're just better off using brackets to make things clear.
However, in any context where BODMAS or PEDMAS or whatever you call it is assumed, I have a hard time reconciling -2^2 = 4.
The way I see it is since it's not an equation the - is already attached to the the number, it's a negative number, so the negative sign wouldn't be left out and you go to do the exponent
But maybe it's just a matter of perspective ig
Obv it would be different if it was y^2 -y^2
Or something
The thing is in BODMAS if you wanted to treat it as a negative number squared, you'd explicitly write it as (-2)^2 to unambiguously say "see this number -2? I'm taking its square."
Your last example is actually a good argument for -2^2 = -4, because I'm pretty sure in most cases, -x^2 is parsed as - (x^2) and not (-x)^2.
Now nothing stops you from hereby declaring that -2^2 = 4, and some people might agree, but you then have to be consistent with that choice across the board, because otherwise what is the point?
My last example was to show the difference of when the expression is alone vs when it's in an equation
Meaning you would need the parentheses when it's an equation as the negative could be seen a minus too
But when it's alone I personally see it as a negative number, not separate
Yes I know what you meant, but the point is it becomes inconsistent if you see it that way.
Technically it should work for any value that -2^2 = 4 (like -3^2 = 9), but then for a placeholder like x it doesn't
I mean, if want to see it like that personally, we can't really convince you out of it
But generally you'd find that unary negation is a lower precedence operations in maths and computer science than exponential
I think that was mentioned by Azy (sorry to shorten you name)
Like for instance, this is an edge case that you don't need to deal with if you stick with some convention for order of operations.
Now it doesn't mean that it's completely devoid of meaning, although it does seem to overcomplicate things for me. Regardless, if you make it clear whenever you're writing maths that this is what you mean, then so be it it'll just be interpreted as such; you just have to keep in mind that this is usually not the adopted convention.
@dapper wedge Has your question been resolved?
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I need help with this question I am not sure if the process I am using is correct
Here is the work for it
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i need help figuring out what Iβm doing wrong. iβve checked with synthetic division and long division and i got the same answer ππππ
ur answer isn't wrong?
yeah thatβs what iβm thinking, but answer key says otherwise i guess
that third picture is the guide right?
yeah
doesnβt show how they did it
Wait
Pmg
iβm blind
I thought it said imaginary numbers
Errr
πππ
oh
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Iβm taking some time to practice transformations
But Iβm struggling to remember the shifts
Thatβs what I got so far
I know for certain that the -8 has to make the entire thing shift down 8 units
But what about the x-3? Did I plot the points correctly passed on the chart? Iβm so lost
If -8 makes it shift down by 8 then does it make sense that x-3 make it shift down by 3
No thats not what im saying
Oh
Then no it doesnβt make sense
Cuz itβs not correct
And yet itβs what I did
Damnππ
My fault
So itβs a shift to the left by 3 units?
To the right
But if it was adding its to the left right? Just wanna make sure
My new point is going to be (3,1) for the first transformation essentially
And then (3,7) for the final
If you have a y=x, and y =x-3, the second equation is 3 units ahead of the first, because you would need x=0 for y to be 0 in the first one, but x=3 for y to be 0 in the second
Huhππ im sorry I donβt understand
So like
Find x intercept for y=x
Then find x intercept for y=x-3
Youβll see that the x intercept for the second equation is 3 units to the right of the first
And so is the entire graph
Yep
Lemme rewrite it and lmk if I understand it
Gimme 2 seconds
Ignore the chart
But is that good? I feel like I rly understand it now
Looks good
Np
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Hi @stray drum
Sorry real quick I just had a idea
I used to see some questions last year when the x-3 is not an exponent but itβs in parenthesis, how would the shift move? If Iβm not mistaken wouldnβt it just be a vertical shift up by 3 units?
Sorry a shift down 3 units
Or would it still be to the right
Vertical shifts are always the last term
So that means it would still be 3 units to the right even though itβs not a exponent
No
Oh
Lemme see if I have a old paper that shows this
Gimme a second
I might have a sample
BAM!!
Ok so in some cases like that
Thats logarithm
oh
Iβm blind now apparently
Sry
So the basic function is at (0,1) then a horizontal shift by 2 units to the left
I think so
Do you want me to solve it and just show it to you? If thatβs ok wit you
Its prolly easier if you just say the thought process here
Ok
So the basic transformation is just the basic log function which is (1,0)
1st transformation is going to move it 2 units to the left which makes our point (-1,0)
And the final transformation is down 4 units so our final point is (-1,4)
Thatβs what I got
Like this
Yeah that looks right
Cya
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Let π(π) = π + ββπβ. Prove that, for every positive integer π, the
sequence,
π, π(π), π(π(π)), π(π(π(π))), β¦
contains the square of an integer
There are a lots of things to experiment on this problem. I also can't get into any algebraic relation.
No contest math
@lean thunder Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
Nice question hmmm have you tried induction?
It might just help
I see
Hmm sqrt(n)<= (n+1)/2 implies its floor is...
Try thinking along these lines
I think I need to experiment a lot with this problem. Like creating a table with bunch of numbers and calculating them roughly
You could try that