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if you factor (2-lambda) out from this you obviously get the same
factoring is how you find the algebraic multiplicity
okay and that becomes (2-lambda)^2 * (4-lambda)
but sorry for the stupid question
what if we dont know from the beginning that lambda=2 is an eigenvalue
how do we know which term we have to factor out
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could someone explain the concept of span to me like I'm 5? so If I have two basis vectors, it's just the set of points I can reach, by multiplying each basis vector by a constant ?
a1v1 + ... + amvm
you're taking sums as well
got it, thanks!
yeah, how do I prove that
say the vectors are i+j
and i
how would I prove that the span of these vectors is $\R^2$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
show that for any vector (a,b) in R^2, you have (a,b) = xi + yj
where x,y are scalars
okay, so I have to prove any point can be expressed as $av+bu$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
yes
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
it can
no $ai+bi+cj$ =$(a+b)i +c j$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
which is similar to ti+qj
span{(1,0), (1/2,0), (0,1)} is still R^2
..,,
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no
matrices haven't even been mentioned in axler yet
sort of
only upto 3 by 3
consistant
infinite solutions
yes
rigth
*right
..,,
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
yeah, makes sense, thanks
ooh
okay
so for instance i and j are linearly independent
got it
thank you
thanks so much !
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x^2 should be taken common in the sqrt
Not sure if that helps
And then u sub
Yes
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
is it going to help?
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
I thought the term "common" was commonly used
i have to choose different variable
you mean a u-sub?
no
re-write this as
can you write it down then please?
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
$\frac{1}{x}=u$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
but the derivative wil be log
no
that is going to fuck it up
thats the integral you're thinking about
differentiate this wrt x
what next
no
what's the differential of this
uh, the x^2 should disappear
complete the square and solve
yes
,w integrate 1/sqrt(1 + x^2)
yeah you're good
pretty sure there are other ways to integrate that in terms of logs too imo
there's the logarithmic definition of arsinh
bro speaks in latin
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@fresh wren no x outside the square root
or you messed up the sub somewhere in between
this should evaluate to an arsinh
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could I get an explaination of this
What part?
from thus we have written 0 as a linear combination...
okay
If d_n must equal 0 for all n, then the v_n are linearly independent
isn't that always the case
No let me think of an example
v1 = (1,0), v2 = (0,1), v3 = (1,1)
a1 = 1, a2 = 1, a3 = -1
c1 = 2, c2 = 2, c3 = -2
hmm
Well ok bad example since I took v = (0,0)
basically think about when can you write two or more nonzero vectors that sum to the 0 vector? only when you can express one vector as a scalar multiple of the others right
a1 = 1, a2 = 1, a3 = 2
c1 = 2, c2 = 2, c3 = 1
v = 1(1,0) + 1(0,1) + 2(1,1) = (3,3)
v = 2(1,0) + 2(0,1) + 1(1,1) = (3,3)
hmm
So then you have
(0,0) = (-1)(1,0) + (-1)(0,1) + 1(1,1)
so essentially these vectors aren't linearly indpendent because?
Because d_n =/= 0
ah
Yet d_n*v_n + ... = 0
Yea, d_1 = -1, d_2 = -1, d_3 = 1
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What does he say for the definition of linear independence?
Finite dimensional 
You can extend the definition to a subset B of V is linearly independent if for any finite subset of B…
Anyhow, probably won’t encounter it often here
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Actually you might, if you ever want to define a basis for function spaces that are often infinite dimensional
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Is this not the definition of a limit but substituting M for k? Or is this some type of extension thing
not exactly the definition, no
I'm guessing I'd use the definition to prove this then?
it's not saying x_n is close to x after M
It's saying x_n is positive after M, could still be miles away from x
For $\epsilon>0$, there exists a $k\in\mathbb{N}$ such that, for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$, $n\geq k$. Then $|x_n-x|<\epsilon$?
Narutoes
that is the definition, yes.
So if we're saying that x_n is positive, then there is an M that is less than n?
Is that not the definition of how numbers work?
Or does this not work if x_n is negative?
x is positive, not x_n
I'm not quite understanding what it's asking then.
you're trying to show that if the limit of the sequence is positive, then eventually the terms of the sequence must be positive (and stay positive)
It says x_n>0 for all n
Wouldn't that mean every term in the sequence has to be positive?
read the rest of the sentence
Oh
So once I hit this point where n goes higher than M, every other term is positive?
not sure what you mean.
Like negative log function starts super negative then comes up over the x-axis and zooms way out.
You don't need to know what I mean, I know what I mean.
Do I use the definition? Since it's the only thing given
yes, you know the limit exists and it's positive, so you'll want to use the definition somewhere.
So we know that for |x_n-x|<epsilon, there's gotta be a k in there
yep
So if I work backwards from my conclusion, I'm trying to reach the step that says x_n>0 implies n => M
What's the step before that?
thats not really true though. x_n can be positive at any time, it may alternate +,-,+,-,.... but eventually x_n is positive for good. So x_n being positive doesn't imply n> M
I'm trying to get to an easier step to reach
Cuz I'm not quite understanding the implications of the conclusion
well you know that if the limit of x_n is x and x > 0, then you can always find some natural number M such that for n beyond that so that your sequence is within some distance epsilon of x
Right.
so if you know that beyond a certain point, you'll always be within some distance epsilon of x for any positive epsilon, and x > 0, then consider something like epsilon = x / 2
you know x / 2 > 0
and you know you'll be able to find some M so that you're within x/2 of x
which means beyond a certain point, as long as you choose epsilon < x, you can always find M so that x_n > 0 for all n >= M
Gotcha
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Could anyone go over the antiderivative of this function for me?
Can you figure out the antiderivative of 1/sqrt(x) ?
Sure, what seems to be stumping you? I'd love to go through it step-by-step if you want
Would it be -x to the negative 1?
$-x^{-1}$ is just $\frac{-1}{x}$
Nel
What's 1/sqrt(x) written with an exponent?
x^-2
No that would be 1/x²
You can think of √x as the same thing as x^(1/2)
@wraith hinge Has your question been resolved?
Having a negative exponent with its reciprocal is an alternative way to denote the thing that you wrote. So mine isn’t wrong?
Thank you for the help though. I just figured it out!!
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I have another coding question dealing with python.
I have "combined" the two previous questions, but it is not spitting out a single output. I have not gotten to the mean or square root of the question, I simply am trying to figure out this part first.
I am able to create a random integer "n", but once it goes into my for-loop, it does not process correctly
Don’t we need the question 2 and 3 ?
That is the two questons, but question 4 outlines what is needed for the code that I need to write
This is what I am getting after playing around with it more, but from here I want to have that final number be a piece of data that I can then find the sqrt and mean of
@hexed thunder Has your question been resolved?
Rather than print the output, store the output into a variable, and then print that variable.
So it states that "store" is not defined
In Python, you do not have to explicitly create a variable. You can just use a variable name and assign a value to it using the equal(=) sign.
It's usually a good idea to assign a default value to a variable, such as 0 for an integer variable, before actually using it.
You could do something like
output = 0
Alright, so prior to your last statement, I thought I would be able to write this:
And then in the if...else statements, assign the result of the multiply() function to the variable output.
Yes. The idea behind this is to familiarize yourself with how to use a particular programming language, in this case Python. Your teacher should have taught you about using variables to store data but that apparently didn't happen. 🙂
On that note, you should learn about variable naming. Use meaningful variable names instead of names such as k. It helps to make the code self-explanatory for someone else who may read your code. Variable names such as input and output would make their purpose much more clear.
input is a keyword already
I was just using an example.
I haven't used Python in years so I'm winging it a bit here.
We only really learned about the "print" for if-else statements. As well as for for-loops. So placing a variable to it will be helpful in the future! Thank you! I was able to get the code working how I needed it to!
And on shsgd's note, you should familiarize yourself with Python's reserved keywords to avoid potential name collisions.
Thank you! I take "programming part 2" starting next week, so I am sure the next professor wll dive into all ofthis a bit further.
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Find all values of x, for which $ln(1+x) \leq x$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
yup
you could show that x increases faster than ln(1+x)
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Ehm ehm
So if you have (function)^-1
You cant use product rule twice to derive it
Right?
For example
1/(x^3 +5)
In order to use product rule you need the derivative of “1/(x^3+5) which you cant do using product rule again
Product rule
Not power rule
My bad
In order to derive this we either use quotient or chain, yes?
But we cant use product rule to derive it
@torn shale Has your question been resolved?
Gimmie a sec
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can anyone teach me how to draw the structural formula in chemistry?
@limpid shoal Has your question been resolved?
- addition of water across the double bond
I think this should be the answer?
I may be wrong though
and there;s no double bond anymore
like this?
Yeah
why’s there a plus one tho?
where
?
that's supposed to be a H
oh ok
I MAY BE wrong though
did I draw it right?
Can they ask chem questions in this server?
Just wondering
Now that it's summer the demand for channels will be lower, so it's fine I guess?
it's supposed to be an alcohol
methanol I suppose
then what is it
yo why’s chemistry so hard
don't ask me, I'm bad at chem
at least you can do it with no help
next up is chlorination
can you do that?
I have some resources on org chem that may help yoou
do you want them
they're all legal
sure
is it the one on haloalkanes?
chapter 1 is
For hydrogen is it like this?
yes
no
where did I go wrong?
there should be one Cl on each atom that had a double bond
like this?
am I supposed to replace the hydrogen atoms with the chlorine atoms?
no, I'll send a remix of what it should look like
and no double bond inbetween
I'm not too sure of the first answer though
this
What about the third answer?
I'm sure it's right
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ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
and f(0)=1
this implies it cuts the x-axis at some point in (0, π/3)
so $f(x)=3cos(3x)$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
at some point
could I have a hint
like how would i justify this
or is this just straight out wrong?
like am I overcomplicating this?
how can this be if f(0) = 1
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
if this was f(x) then f(0) = 3
that's not alwys true
they're asking is this true for some $x \in [0 , \frac{\pi}{3}]$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
in other words, does the graph of f(x) intersect 3cos(3x) in this interval
with this
sorry
so how would I formally argue this to be true
<@&286206848099549185>
I mean does staement 1 have to be true
just a hint please
oh
ooo
thanks for the hint
daamn
the integral is just 1
are you sure?
$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}} f(x) -3cos(3x)$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
the first part is 1?
yep
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
I can use the same logic for B I think
nope
correct
so this statement is correct too
,calc 6/π
The following error occured while calculating:
Error: Undefined symbol π
f(0) - 3sin(3*0) = 1
that's less than -2
yep
it is yes
but you can break it to a product of limits first
the second one is sinx / x * the other limit
so C is right too, right?
yup
thanks
I don't think D is correct though
Hmm why?
Using LH
just a min
let me TeX it
$\lim_{x\ \rightarrow0}\left(\frac{\left(\int_0^xf\left(x\right)+xf\left(x\right)\right)}{-2xe^{x^2}}\right)$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
the second part is $\frac{-1}{2}$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
for the first part I use LH again
$\frac{f\left(x\right)}{-2e^{x^2}-4x^2e^{x^{2\ }}}$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't know
I think I'm doing something wrong here
mhm
I forgot that
so it's -1/2
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find the sum of the last 15 terms of the sequence -14, 5, 24, 43, 62..., 328
guangdong
f(x) = a + (n-1)d
328 = -14 + (n -1)19
328 = -14 + 19n - 19
328 = 19n - 33
361 = 19n
361/19 = 19n/19
19 = n
19 terms
yeah
so would i set the 4th term as a for the purpose of finding the sum of the last 15 terms?
there's a formula for sum of last terms as well
whyd you add one at the end tho
because the 4th and 19th term are inclusive
count through 2 to 8
that'll be 7 numbers
2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
there are (8-2)+1 and not (8-2) numbers
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ty
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Can someone tell me why a cross product of two vectors is perpendicular to both vectors or we just define it that way?
You can make computation to check it is the case, but it is defined in order to be perpendicular
so, it is defined to be perpendicular?
I do not know what is the definition of the cross product that you have seen
But in some definition of the cross product, it is asked, yes
In what definitions is it not defined as perpendicular?
You may define it explicitly (with the explicit formula), and then you have to check if it is indeed perpendicular
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So, what I have done so far is
1 job/4000 men-days = 1 job/3000 men-days + 1 job/5x men-days
I'm not sure if it's the right setup though...
The correct answer is supposed to be 200, but I want to understand how and why the answer is 200...
where did u get this setup from?
400 men took 10 days to do the job
So that means 1 man would take 10 x 400 days to do the job
Because I thought it was a work problem
Yeah thats right but still doesn't explain ur logic
oh waitt
no no I get what ur saying
you need 4000 men days
and so far
this is incorrect
4000men-days/1job = 3000 men-days/1job + 5x men-days/1job
1000?
200 🙂
But how come the men-days were above though?
above what
like 4000 men-days/1 job instead of 1 job/4000 men-days
I wouldn't think about it as a fraction
Think of it more as like the price of a job
the job costs 4000 men days
if you want to get 4000 men days done in 1 day, you need to have 4000 men
if you want to get 4000 men days done in 20 days, you need 4000/20 = 200 men
you get what I'm saying?
Yup 🙂
yeah alr
Any tips though for future problems like that?
hmm
just always work out the cost of the job first
and just format everything in a way which u understand
like for example for this q
I would first start with
the job costs 400 x 10 = 4000 men-days
since paul had 600 men on for 5 days, that means we have already gone through 3000 men-days
so what remains is 4000 - 3000 = 1000 men-days
So, we have 5 days left and I'm trying to work out how many men I need to reach 1000 men days
i.e. 5n = 1000, where n is the number of men
n = 1000/5 = 200
therefore, Paul needs 200 men to finish the job on time
this is a lot longer cause I've explained everything but this is basically what I'd so
just break the q up
I got it. Thank you so much for helping me 🙂
if u want just send another q like this if u want to practise
I have yet to encounter a similar problem, but I will keep in mind what you said for future ones!
Really, thank you so, so much 🙂
yeah no worries
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I don't understand why multiplying both sides by xy changes the derivative.
wdym
Just that, I can put x and y under a common denominator without changing the derivative, but when i multiply both sides by xy to get rid of it, it changes the derivative. I don't understand why.
because x^2+y^2 is strictly nonnegative
but 5xy is not always nonnegative
the expression just looks different due to the form / technique you're starting with
using the given relation, you can convert from one form to another
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@smoky marsh Has your question been resolved?
@smoky marsh Has your question been resolved?
@smoky marsh Has your question been resolved?
@smoky marsh Has your question been resolved?
@smoky marsh Has your question been resolved?
do you know the formula to get the volume of the revolution shape?
@smoky marsh Has your question been resolved?
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Is anyone able to help with part 2 of this question
It is implied that the solutions to $x^2 - 4(2^x) = 0$ are also the solutions to $2 log_{\frac{1}{2}}{x} = m x + c$
StrangeQuarkAL
One way you could find that line is by simply making $2 log_{\frac{1}{2}} {x}$ the subject of the equation: $x^2 - 4(2^x) = 0$
StrangeQuarkAL
@tulip vector Has your question been resolved?
AHH I didn't see this thanks so much
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Question 11 I have no idea how to start, it’s an integral
The area of the cross sections is 1/2 bh but idk how to implement that
is this multivariable calc?
hmm
maybe find the relationship between the height and length
take triangular cross-sections
like so
you know that if we're x m from the vertex towards you
and the base of the red traingle is y
$\frac{y}{x}= \frac{4}{5}$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't Know
@latent axle
similarly find a relationship between y and height
from that find an expression for area in terms of x alone
and then integrate
does that make any sense
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find the volume of the solid under the surface z=y cos((x^3)-1) and above the region enclosed by the curves y=0 y=2 x=1 x=y/2
Please don't occupy multiple help channels.
how do i go on about doing this
@smoky marsh Has your question been resolved?
can you write down the integral?
i dont think i can
how much of multivariable claculus do you know?
i know double integrals
do you know whats the area of cross section of the solid when y is fixed and x goes from 1 to y/2?
i dont think so
well its just the integral of the z value when x changes
and you can imagine when x changes, the height z is going through the cross section
ok
with this do you have some idea of how to calculated the area?
maybe its helpful to draw a sketch of the 3d graph
using some online graphing tool
here is a sample problem: calculate the volume under the surface of f(x,y)=xy enclosed by y=0, y=2 and x=0, x=2
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need help with part a
@pliant seal
@mint cave Has your question been resolved?
@mint cave Has your question been resolved?
!status
What step are you on?
1. I don't know where to begin.
2. I have begun but got stuck midway.
3. I got an answer but I was told that it's wrong.
4. I got an answer and would like my work checked.
5. I have a question about someone else's work/solution.
6. I have completed the problem and don't need help anymore. Thank you.
7. None of the above
- $y=2-mx\$
- $y=2-\frac{2}{5}x$
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the 2 equations always intersect
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$\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{11}\right)+\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{11}\right)+\cos\left(\frac{5\pi}{11}\right)+\cos\left(\frac{7\pi}{11}\right)+\cos\left(\frac{9\pi}{11}\right)$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't Know
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't Know
which is a GP
what other method exists ?
You want the value right?
yeah
Lemme think
I've come until here:
Sounds like a job for the calculator 👍
$\frac{e^{\frac{i\pi}{11}}\left(e^{\frac{8\pi}{11}}-1\right)}{e^{\frac{2i\pi}{11}}-1}$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't Know
no calculators in this exam
*the exam I'm preparing for
This is practice material
jeeee adv
use estimations 😭
BITSAT
Nah
wats that
Lmao
entrance exam for the best private engineering college in India
harder than jee?
can someone verify this
Harder than the chinese gaokao?
but easier ones

no, idts
so please verify this someone
Ik ik
If it's from bitsat
There has to be something without Euler too
no and no and no and no and no and no 💀
but I'd rather not use them
@marsh forum
yes
I know one exists
yes
but I don't know the formula for the same
I could derive it though
oooh....
Not for an exam with 130 questions in 180 minutes.
now I meant
Oh.
you want this simplified?
want to know If I've made any mistake until there
ok so this model of thing is actually pretty common when you have exp(i.a) +- 1
what you basically do is turn thhe exp(i.a) into exp(i.a/2 + i.a/2) = exp(i.a/2).exp(i.a/2)
$Re\left(\frac{e^{iA}\left(e^{iRA}-1\right)}{e^{iA}-1}\right)$?
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't Know
it's the sum of the first 5 terms, not 4
and since 1 is like the neutral element of multiplication in C (if i'm not wrong) you do 1 = exp(i.a/2).exp(-i.a/2)
hang on i need to pull out my drawing tablet it'll explain things better
typing math is so painful
why are u using a GP sum for an AP?
what do GP and AP stand for?
geometric and arithmetic progression
ok
like a series
The angles are in AP but when cos(x) is written is Re(e^{ix}), that's a GP.
So you could do either.
It's from a prep book
btw did you forget to add the imaginary number in the top exponential or is that intentional?
my bad
I have done a question similar to this but with less terms
typo
kk
I just told you about the existence of a formula. I guess any exam could use a formula and ask you to use it for different values.
It's not even a tough formula to derive in the first place.
$\frac{e^{\frac{i\pi}{11}}\left(e^{\frac{8\pi i}{11}}-1\right)}{e^{\frac{2i\pi}{11}}-1}$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't Know
yes, but we're starting from $e^{\frac{i \pi}{11}}$
so we add zero to the power first
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't Know
so I now need to find $Re\left(e^{\frac{i\pi}{11}}\left(e^{\frac{i4\pi}{11}}+1\right)\left(e^{\frac{i\pi}{11}\ }-1\right)\right)$
ƒ(Why am. I here)=I don't Know
$e^\frac{2i\pi}{11}-1=e^\frac{i\pi}{11}\left(e^\frac{i\pi}{11}-e^{-\frac{i\pi}{11}}\right)$
BoiledAnchovies
I'm here right now
oh ok
look u probably wouldnt have the foresight to see this but I believe this is a question using trig compount angles
?
had a question similar to this
could you give a hint please
if u multiply everything by 2sin(pi/11) then divide by it, it becomes easier

no 
[2\textwidth] calculate
[ \map [\Big] \cos {\f \pi {11}} + \map [\Big] \cos {-\f \pi {11}} + \map [\Big] \cos {\f {3\pi} {11}} + \map [\Big] \cos {-\f {3\pi} {11}} + \dots + \map [\Big] \cos {\f {9\pi} {11}} + \map [\Big] \cos {-\f {9\pi} {11}} + \map [\Big] \cos {\f {11\pi} {11}} ]
What
How
well luckily this calculation is trivial
2sinAcosB= sin(A+B)+sin(A-B)
ah

ooh
so you get a pretty clear way of getting the sum you want
so it;s -1/2
quite
well actually
thanks
i think its a half?
you got a sign error in there
oh right
cos(pi)=-1
got it
thanks a ton!
that was suprisingly elegant
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Integration of [2sinx] limit 0 to 2π
Is that floor (2sin(x))?
Yeah
Area of boxes
You got it , didn't checked the limits
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are closures and interiors of conneted sets connected??
the closures are always connected
the interiors are not always though, consider two tangent circles only connected at a single point
i figured the interiors weren't always connected
and this also makes sense, but im having a bit of trouble proving this
i think a natural way of doing it is by contradiction
so suppose a set E is connected but its closure isnt
then cl(E) is the union of two separated sets
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my answer is yes because the l-norm, squared l-norm and constant functions are convex and the sum of convex functions is convex? I'm not too sure if that reasoning is valid or if I'm missing something or it's completely wrong
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@white spruce Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185> no one?
Yes
Does l norm means that the power is 1/l
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Hints please
consider this as a tree diagram, where either you draw a white or black ball from A, and then consider the possibilities of selecting from B
you have a 3/5 chance of adding a white ball to B and a 2/5 chance of adding a black ball
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Hey would I be correct here
Doing fourrier transformation
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Can someone explain to me how to approach graphing autonomous differential equations such as the one above? I understand how to determine if a critical point is stable/unstable but have no idea how to graph it
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Can you show your work
Oh wait
Do you need to use the inverse to find the slope or is there another way?
inverse to find the slope
For the inverse just switch x and y which in this case is f(x) and then isolate y and set x to be 0 which is a
Do you know if there’s a relationship between the slope of the function and the inverse function
It’s a cubic function tho
So
Squareroot or even root would make sense because of restrictions but cuberoot works for negatives and positives
y=x^3+2x+3 -> x=y^3+2y+3 -> x-3=y(y^2+2) -> (x-3)/(y^2+2)=y did all this when i switched x and y but i dont know how to get y by itself
the derivative of a functions inverse is 1/dx/dy with the input being y or something
Did you learn any other strategies than that for finding the derivative
thats the main one but i also know about leibniz way, just dont use it much
ill try it but im not sure how to do it for inverse derivatives
Use the leibinz way
But it’s the derivative of the original function with the input of Y
Also not sure if you can do that
Dy and dx don’t act as numbers iirc
But they can be treated as such
In topics like differential equations
Also, isn't taking the derivative with respect to y already the inverse, so having a reciprocal would just undo it right?
ok well if it worked that way then leibinz would have done it that way 😭
But it isn’t so it doesn’t work
idk they had a specific notation that was created by leibinz
its 1/5 but ill check again
sure
just do leibinz it’s so much easier
What do you mean by do leibniz
that’s just how I reference it 😭 srry
It's fine
I don’t know the name but they know it so it’s ok
I’ll show it to you when I am at my computer
Are you talking about dy/dx notation
its 1/5
ok
i dont know how to do leibniz for inverse derivatives
but if i do learn it or figure out ill use it if its much easier
What do you guys mean by liebniz
So is the issue separating y?

