#help-38

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tight prism
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I still don't get the 765 one... since our teacher has not discussed abt the term you were describing..

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since it says there how many 3 balls... But my r (selected object) was 7 and my total objects were 7 as well which makes 1

runic dew
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everything is context dependent. Yes I would say the $765$ is also correct. The key thing is what you want

solid kilnBOT
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team132

tight prism
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I'm so confused 🥲🥲

runic dew
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Do you want combinations or something else?

tight prism
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Combinations since our teacher said so haha

runic dew
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then 1

tight prism
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but that's not in the choices I was given 😭

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there was 536.25 I think then there was a 3000+ given... our teacher said we needed to add 7,5, and 3

runic dew
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I think it would be best if you clarify with your teacher

tight prism
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you're right but I looked up online, do you think this solution is right?

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this was the given

runic dew
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The question is different now?

tight prism
runic dew
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6C3 is the answer they want for the new question

tight prism
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but was 10 C 3 necessary as well?

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then again if I solved them like that the answer would also be 1 lol

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wait not 1 nvm

runic dew
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$(654)/(1098)$

solid kilnBOT
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team132

tight prism
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wth now im even mor confused 😭

runic dew
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Since they want probability of a hypergeometric distribution

tight prism
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ohh

runic dew
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My answer above is correct for the probability

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The formula I am using is:

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num_permutation * probability_of_single_event

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The permutation of RRR is just 1

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probability of event is fairly easy to calculate

tight prism
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idk any of those 🥲 but I get ur 7x6x5/3! now

runic dew
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That was just 7C3

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that is what your teacher wants

tight prism
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Yes but she talked abt adding the 7 red balls, 5 white balls and 3 green balls..

runic dew
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I prefer the way I think about the content because formula I mention above can be use binomial distribution as well

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Anyhow I will leave you to it

tight prism
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ty ig 🥲

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rugged zodiac
#

can anyone help on call

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left oriole
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what is your doubt

rugged zodiac
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i dont know how to do discriminant

left oriole
#

!original

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Please show the original problem, exactly as it was stated to you, with the entire original context. A picture or screenshot is best. If the original problem is not in English, then post it anyway! The additional context might still be helpful. Do your best to provide a translation.

rugged zodiac
#

Use the discriminant to determine the number and type of solutions of the following quadratic equation. 64x^2 −64x+16=0

shrewd vessel
rugged zodiac
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nah

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i just started learning them

shrewd vessel
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for a general quadratic $f(x) = ax^2+bx+c$, its discriminant is $b^2-4ac$

solid kilnBOT
shrewd vessel
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if the discriminant is positve, then two real solutions, negative then two complex solutions, and equal to zero means one repeated soln

rugged zodiac
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thank you

shrewd vessel
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you're welcome

rugged zodiac
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.close

thorny gazelle
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rugged zodiac
thorny gazelle
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Materials that you learn with, Eg books

rugged zodiac
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i just go to class

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but he did not teach us this yet

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and i am trying to do it before he teaches it

thorny gazelle
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Then you should read it from a book. When you have little understanding. Explanation is easier

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rugged zodiac
#

Use the square roots property to solve the quadratic equation (w+1/2)^2+4=21 nter exact answers in radical form. If there are multiple answers, list them separated by a comma, e.g.
1,2 . If there is no solution, enter

.

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rugged zodiac
#

Use the square roots property to solve the quadratic equation (6x-7)^2+4=21 If there are multiple answers, list them separated by a comma, e.g.
1,2. If there is no solution, enter

.

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rugged zodiac
#

Use the square roots property to solve the quadratic equation (6x-7)^2+4=21 If there are multiple answers, list them separated by a comma, e.g.
1,2. If there is no solution, enter

.

left oriole
#

what is your doubt?

rugged zodiac
#

i got x=7x+sqaure root of 17/6, 7x-sqaure root of 17/6,

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nvm

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i got it

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scenic delta
#

Is there a formula for the nth composition of a second degree polynomial?

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unreal elk
uneven pilot
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full moth
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Hey

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full moth
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Somoene can Help me resolve this

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I guet the result but I'm not sure about the step

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Ty already

nimble stone
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what step

trim joltBOT
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@full moth Has your question been resolved?

full moth
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I already find the form of the general solution

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But im struggling with the constants

nimble stone
#

the two pieces of information on the right are your friends for that part

full moth
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I know but I don't remember how I have to do it blobcry

nimble stone
#

well
x=e^(at)[A+Bt]

x(0)=e^0 [A+0]=0 so A=0

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similar idea with the derivative

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supple copper
#

Given : cosα = 24/25, where 3π/2 < α < 2π and sinβ = 4/5 where π/2 < β < π
calculate:
a) sin 2α
b) cos 2α
c) sin(α-β)
d) tg (α-β)

supple copper
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solemn sierra
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is (n!) at the power of 2 -------) (n!)(n!) ?

fallow swift
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I think so

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For example

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(3!)^2=36

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(3!)(3!)=36

solemn sierra
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okay yes thank you !

smoky snow
solemn sierra
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!close

smoky snow
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It’s .close

solemn sierra
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.close

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austere pendant
#

Suppose n > 1 is an integer such that 4((n − 1)! + 1) ≡ 0 (mod n). Prove that n = 4 or n is prime.

austere pendant
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I found out that my first step is wrong lmao. What did I do wrong?

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$$ 4((n-1)!+1) \equiv 0 (mod n) $$

solid kilnBOT
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thiccyoshi4568

austere pendant
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$$ \frac {4(n!)}{4n} + 4 = nk $$

solid kilnBOT
#

thiccyoshi4568

austere pendant
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$$ (n-1)! = \frac {n!}{n} $$

solid kilnBOT
#

thiccyoshi4568

zinc dove
austere pendant
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Oh haha I'm a dumbass

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Thanks

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austere pendant
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.close

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???

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deft oyster
#

where a and b are just trivial integers to represent p for the purposes of another question

ionic pendant
#

in spherical coordinates $\odif V = \rho^2 \sin \phi \odif{\rho,\phi,\theta}$

solid kilnBOT
#

pnoןɔ

deft oyster
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tysm

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deft oyster
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the same thing for sin there now that i mentioned it

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shouldnt it be sin phi?

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why are they both in theta

deft oyster
ionic pendant
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seems to be a mistake, they write it as sin φ in the next line

deft oyster
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you are absolutely right and i just clocked that myself, the rest is Fubini theorem

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thank you so much for your helkp

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terse cipher
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terse cipher
#

Can i work on this with someone

wraith hinge
#

Do you know the probability that an ace is drawn out of the 52 cards?

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#

@terse cipher Has your question been resolved?

somber onyx
# terse cipher

Calculate probability for when you draw Ace then a 'ten' value,
calculate probability for drawing a 'ten' value then an Ace
then combine the probabilities

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frigid lark
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frigid lark
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help

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I tried taking moments but i kind of forgot how to

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can someone walk me through it?

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@frigid lark Has your question been resolved?

frigid lark
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<@&286206848099549185>

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I have to go to class in a minute so I won't be able to respond to follow up questions for a bit but I still need help on this question

frigid lark
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<@&286206848099549185>

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nimble wind
#

Super confused on where to start on this

nimble wind
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should i be splitting the intergral into 2?

cunning timber
#

yeah

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essentially your integrand changes based on the bounds

nimble wind
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okay and then like one is for up to pi/2

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and the other is for pi/2 to pi

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and i add the answers together

cunning timber
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yeah

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so for 0 to pi/2 integral you integrate sinx

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then for pi/2 to pi you integrate cosx

nimble wind
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idek why i asked that all i needed to do was stare hard enough lol

nimble wind
#

make it nice and easy

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Thanks Jaxx!

cunning timber
#

👍

nimble wind
#

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shrewd otter
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shrewd otter
#

I'm on this problem, now I get to P = e^(Gt)

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which gives me P = e^(-λt λt λt -λt)

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Then I use Maclaurin series, but it's hard to that for matrix

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some notes.. take it but don't understand

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<@&286206848099549185>

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wraith hinge
#

Hello

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wraith hinge
#

I just have a quick question,

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If the x needs to be five units bigger to compensate from being subtracted by 5, would that not make it the same as the first function f(x)=1.2^x

wraith hinge
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Since x = 5 is the new x = 0 and blah blah blah so forth

wraith hinge
#

It does have an effect

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It shifts the graph 5 units

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Then, what is the x there for?

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In 1.2^x, when x = 1, y = 1.2

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In 1.2^(x-5), when x = 6, y = 1.2

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It reaches the same values, just 5 units later than the original

wraith hinge
#

behaviour and asymptotes remain the same.

#

👍

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wraith hinge
#

...

wraith hinge
#

i need help with surface areas

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wraith hinge
orchid wagon
wraith hinge
#

yes SA = 2nr2+ 2nrh

orchid wagon
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i get what you mean

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but please write pi as pi, not n

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and the r in the first term is squared

wraith hinge
#

oh sorry

orchid wagon
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so the surface area is

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$2\pi r^2+2\pi rh$

solid kilnBOT
#

فطر

orchid wagon
#

so what are you waiting for? just apply the formula

wraith hinge
#

okay give me a minute

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SA= 2 πr(14)²+ 2π(14)(6)

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SA= 392π+168π

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SA=560π

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now i multiply 560x3.14 right?

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@orchid wagon

orchid wagon
wraith hinge
#

radius

orchid wagon
#

and do you think 14 is the radius?

wraith hinge
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no

orchid wagon
#

so...?

wraith hinge
#

6

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its 6

orchid wagon
#

what

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no lol

wraith hinge
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the radius is 6

orchid wagon
#

6 is the height

wraith hinge
#

huh

orchid wagon
#

can you tell me what the radius is

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like, its definition

wraith hinge
#

A line that runs directly from the middle to the edge of a circle or sphere.

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cylinder*

orchid wagon
#

<@&268886789983436800> um sus link

orchid wagon
#

this checks out

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and what about the diameter?

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latent axle
#

Why isn’t the 1/2 distributed to the C in step 3?

past river
#

Because 1/2 times a constant is another constant

lapis ivy
#

this might be crazy but (1/2)*C = C

latent axle
#

I think you might be right

supple copper
#

You can think of them as different C’s

past river
latent axle
#

But shouldn’t they attract specify c/2

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At least

lapis ivy
supple copper
#

Then they rename D to C

latent axle
#

Where’s that

supple copper
#

It’s a bit bad notation but it’s commonly done

supple copper
lapis ivy
past river
#

You can say $C_1 * \frac{1}{2} = C_2$ and then say C_2 = C. It‘s just another constant

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#

ℑμΤ𝛄𝛗θ
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supple copper
#

“c/2 is another constant” is saying let d = c/2 then d is a constant then let’s call it c instead

lapis ivy
#

slappin a C at the end of an indefinite integral is usually good

latent axle
#

Yeah I see but I feel like it’s being manipulated so it should at least be put down

past river
#

Eh, not everyone explicits everything in their work

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Especially when it‘s a common thing

latent axle
#

Alr well I get it thanks

supple copper
#

And it isn’t a main idea of indefinite integration

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So we don’t put much weight on writing that explicitly

latent axle
#

Alr

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glad yacht
#

if x is an eigen value of a real skew symmetric matrix then prove that |1-x|/|1+x| = 1

onyx wedge
glad yacht
#

it can be proven that for a matrix A, A and A^T has the same eigen values. if x is an eigen value of A, x is also an eigen value of A^T. again as x is an eigen value of A, -x is an eigen value of -A and also A^T = -A, so actually -x is also an eigen value of A^T. idk if i am dum but can we say x = -x in that case? or x = 0 actually

glad yacht
#

<@&268886789983436800>

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craggy ocean
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craggy ocean
#

how can i do this?

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i really need help

vagrant marsh
#

direct sub

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oh nvm

craggy ocean
#

what?

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can you help me?

main sigil
main sigil
craggy ocean
#

nop

main sigil
#

aw :/

craggy ocean
#

i only can use transformations

main sigil
#

alright, lemme check then

craggy ocean
#

ok

#

i wait

grave pagoda
#

will x + pi/4 = t work? thonk

craggy ocean
vagrant marsh
#

thinking about it

craggy ocean
#

but i stuck after it

main sigil
#

it can be theoretically simplified to this limit $\frac{\cos\left(9x\right)+\sin\left(9x\right)}{\sin\left(4x\right)}$ times some constants

solid kilnBOT
#

MethIsAlwaysRight

craggy ocean
#

how?

#

can you a the resolution, in a notepad?

main sigil
#

rewriting tan(4x) as sin(4x) / cos(4x)

#

then just putting the cos(4x) in the front of everything

craggy ocean
#

ok

main sigil
#

and it's just -1

#

so you can treat it like a constant

#

and also take 3 from the too

#

top

#

$\frac{3+3\cos\left(9x\right)+3\sin\left(x\right)-3}{\tan\left(4x\right)}=\frac{3\cos\left(9x\right)+3\sin\left(x\right)}{\frac{\sin\left(4x\right)}{\cos\left(4x\right)}}=3\cos\left(4x\right)\frac{\cos\left(9x\right)+\sin\left(9x\right)}{\sin\left(4x\right)}=-3\frac{\cos\left(9x\right)+\sin\left(9x\right)}{\sin\left(4x\right)}$

solid kilnBOT
#

MethIsAlwaysRight

main sigil
#

it uses the limit of product is product of limits rule

vagrant marsh
#

what if you try multiplying by (cos(9x)-sin(9x))/(cos(9x)-sin(9x))

main sigil
vagrant marsh
#

idk

grave pagoda
#

the tan(4x) at the bottom is still there

#

or sin(4x)

main sigil
#

thats the problem

#

It's 4x

#

if it was 9x it would be solved by now

#

and no lhop for me

#

i suppose not even taylor expansion can be used

craggy ocean
main sigil
#

not sure yet

craggy ocean
#

substituion the variable?

main sigil
#

might be worth a try

#

$\frac{\cos\left(9\left(t-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right)+\sin\left(9\left(t-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right)}{\sin\left(4\left(t-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right)}=\frac{\cos\left(9t-\frac{9\pi}{4}\right)+\sin\left(9t-\frac{9\pi}{4}\right)}{\sin\left(4t-\pi\right)}$

solid kilnBOT
#

MethIsAlwaysRight

main sigil
#

limit as t -> 0

craggy ocean
#

right

main sigil
#

it can be simplified a lot ig

#

or at least a bit

grave pagoda
#

aight done ig

craggy ocean
main sigil
#

$\frac{\sin\left(9x\right)}{\sin\left(4x\right)}$

solid kilnBOT
#

MethIsAlwaysRight

main sigil
#

i simplified it to this

#

as x approaches 0

grave pagoda
#

uh

main sigil
#

but since im idiot i still cant solve that

grave pagoda
#

mine is different

main sigil
#

its not exactly like this

grave pagoda
#

taking a shit ton of time to type

#

f

main sigil
#

\f?

#

ohh

#

frac

#

\frac

#

is it like that?

grave pagoda
#

where's the missing }

main sigil
#

im just typing it in desmos

#

its faster

#

its in latex so you can copy paste it

solid kilnBOT
#

Dyssrupt

grave pagoda
#

ok done

main sigil
#

similar to my approach ig

grave pagoda
#

now multiply and divide by that numerator

main sigil
#

wait

#

ye ic

grave pagoda
#

and apply cos double angle

solid kilnBOT
#

Dyssrupt

grave pagoda
#

now standard limits

#

t tends to 0

round mango
#

cos9x+sin9x=√2 cos((pi/4)-9x),
Then we put x+pi/4=t, giving us,
√2cos(5pi/2-9t) or just √2 sin (9t)

round mango
#

And another -1 due to the cos π

main sigil
#

mine was similar

#

$\frac{3+3\cos\left(9x\right)+3\sin\left(x\right)-3}{\tan\left(4x\right)}=3\cos\left(4x\right)\frac{\cos\left(9x\right)+\sin\left(9x\right)}{\sin\left(4x\right)}=-3\frac{\sqrt{2}\cos\left(9x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{\sin\left(4x\right)}=-3\frac{\sqrt{2}\cos\left(9t-\frac{10\pi}{4}\right)}{\sin\left(4t-\pi\right)}=3\sqrt{2}\frac{\sin\left(9t\right)}{\sin\left(4t\right)}$

solid kilnBOT
#

MethIsAlwaysRight

main sigil
#

t = x + pi/4

craggy ocean
#

what apened here?

#

@main sigil

main sigil
#

cos(x) + sin(x) = sqrt2*cos(x-pi/4)

round mango
#

To arrive here

#

Quite useful to remember this as an identity

main sigil
#

i use this a lot

trim joltBOT
#

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formal blaze
#

how to solve for x? i moved 4^2x to the other side. i forgot how to do this with exponent rules, do i cross out the 4s?

dusty gate
#

a^m / a^n = a^(m-n)

#

so itll be 1/16 = 4^(6x + 18 - 2x)

formal blaze
#

oh ok, thanks sm!

wraith hinge
#

And to follow up on inf1425's message you can just take the base 4 logarithm on each side.
log_4(1/16) should just be (-2)

formal blaze
#

oh ok, and how can u tell log_4(1/16) = -2 just by looking at it?

dusty gate
#

4^2 is 16

#

so 4^-2 will be 1/16

wraith hinge
formal blaze
#

makes sense. thanks u guys this was really helpful

wraith hinge
#

You can also solve it without logarithms if you want by rewriting 1/16 as 4^-2

then the bases would cancel out and you're left with (-2) = 4x + 18

formal blaze
#

oh ok thanks!

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earnest breach
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earnest breach
#

I'm not sure I understand this table

#

So for the first two columns, are they N/A because there's no p coordinate?

cunning timber
#

No

#

The first box of the left column is asking what is the x component of something in polar coordinates if I understand the table correctly

#

Below that is the y component in polar form

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#

@earnest breach Has your question been resolved?

earnest breach
#

The x coordinate would just be p

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earnest breach
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fringe marsh
#

for 9.4

trim joltBOT
fringe marsh
#

I understand how to do it by induction, but i think my reasoning is off

#

based on the definition of N, you can repeatedly map it to another vertex

#

by mapping it to the vertex of it / 2 (which depends on if its even or odd)

#

and you can technically do this repeatedly

#

minus like 1/2 since its not in the domain

#

is there a flaw in my understanding

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#

@fringe marsh Has your question been resolved?

stoic iron
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long basalt
#

what does the =sign with a slash threw it mean and what is the first step in solving this?

fluid cosmos
#

It's very important because you can't divide by 0

long basalt
#

oh

fluid cosmos
#

I would say there are 2 steps

#

1 step consider x<0

long basalt
#

im lisining

fluid cosmos
#

2 step consider x>0

long basalt
#

?

#

so do i plug 0 in for x?

fluid cosmos
#

Nvm

#

It's easier

fluid cosmos
#

You cannot plug 0 in

#

X isn't 0

long basalt
#

oh right

fluid cosmos
#

a≠b means that a 100% isn't b

long basalt
#

okay so 0 is not a choice right?

fluid cosmos
#

Yes

#

Just give me a minute

long basalt
#

k

fluid cosmos
#

The answer is A

long basalt
#

thank you but what did you do to get that?

fluid cosmos
#

1st step

long basalt
#

oh now i understand

fluid cosmos
#

Then you can just divide 3x2+2x by x because if x is negative it will not affect the result the same if x was positive

long basalt
#

oh now this all makes sense

#

and you got -4(3x by spliting the 12 in two parts right?

#

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true bridge
#

Does this look correct?

trim joltBOT
true bridge
#

for b) why do we need to condition on $\mathcal{F}_S$ isn't it as straightforward as the solution I have posted?

solid kilnBOT
#

Master Wanky

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#

@true bridge Has your question been resolved?

true bridge
#

<@&286206848099549185> anybody whos strong at probability can verify?

upbeat violet
#

I am having bad flashbacks

#

Looks good to me

true bridge
#

Ok not sure why hte hint says to use Strong Markov Property in order to deduce something about $E[B_T - B_S | \mathcal{F}_S]$

solid kilnBOT
#

Master Wanky

true bridge
#

oh

#

is it because you cant say $B_S$ and $B_T- B_S$ are independent if htey are stopping times...

solid kilnBOT
#

Master Wanky

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@true bridge Has your question been resolved?

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pure drum
trim joltBOT
pure drum
#

,rotate

solid kilnBOT
pure drum
#

how do I do this 😭?

split chasm
#

do you know any theorems related to angles being subtended at the circumference by the diamter

split chasm
#

what circle theorems do you know

#

or are you looking at a reference list

pure drum
#

might be a bit small but i know those

split chasm
#

ok, the first and second one would be applicable

pure drum
#

Ok. So where would I plug the numbers in?

split chasm
#

apply angle on a line in combination with that

pure drum
split chasm
#

do you know the angle on a straight line

#

basic geometric property

pure drum
#

180?

split chasm
#

yes

pure drum
#

so what would I do with that?

split chasm
#

apply property one

pure drum
#

wait so would I do 6x=180?

split chasm
#

no

pure drum
#

oh

#

wait would I do 6x+180=360?

split chasm
#

no

#

you're not applying what i'm saying

pure drum
#

I dont really understand what your saying. Im sorry.

split chasm
#

do you know the angle on a straight line
180?
apply that in combination with the first property in your list and show your diagram

pure drum
#

by the first property do you mean the center one?

split chasm
#

yes

pure drum
#

where would I apply it though

#

sorry that im not getting it

split chasm
#

180° will be your central angle

pure drum
#

wait so will x be 180?

split chasm
#

no

#

forget about x

#

for now

#

first mark the 180˜ on the line around the centre
then apply that centre property as shown

pure drum
#

ok

#

so the sector on the outside is 180 degrees then right?

split chasm
#

try drawing it and show me

pure drum
#

,rotate

solid kilnBOT
split chasm
#

numbers aren't in ideal locations

pure drum
#

should the 180 in the middle be in the inside?

split chasm
pure drum
#

the image is loading lol. hold on my wifi sucks

#

ok

pure drum
#

so after that then what?

split chasm
#

the second property in your list

pure drum
#

wait so I would divide it by 2?

#

sorry if im still not understanding it or getting it wrong 😭

split chasm
#

depends on what else you're doing

#

write full equations

pure drum
#

it just wants me to find x

#

how do I find it though

split chasm
#

apply property two and set up an equation

#

as menntioned

pure drum
#

wait so just 360=6x?

split chasm
#

no

pure drum
#

I dont understand how to use that property to make an equation

split chasm
#

what's your arc measure here

#

what's the expression of the angle here

#

plug those in

pure drum
#

oh wait so 90=6x?

split chasm
#

yes

pure drum
#

ohhh ok

#

so the answer would be 15?

split chasm
#

yes

pure drum
#

ok. Thank you for the help :)

split chasm
#

combining those, this is a special case of the inscribed angle theorem
angle at the circumference subtended by the diameter is 90°
which also goes by thales' circle theorem

pure drum
#

Ok. Thank you for all the help! have a good rest of your day or night :)

#

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strong horizon
#

Could someone help me with this problem?

jade berry
#

Lagrange's Theorem does the trick.

strong horizon
# jade berry Lagrange's Theorem does the trick.

This is what I have thusfar, what are your thoughts? "For any group of order 25, any nonidentity element must have an order that divides 25, thus the order of any nonidentity element must be 5, as it cannot be 1 (the order of the identity) or 25 (which would imply the group is cyclic)..."

jade berry
#

good

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#

@strong horizon Has your question been resolved?

whole coral
#

I would reword that slightly, as the group G being cyclic is fine and one of the possibilities stated

strong horizon
strong horizon
whole coral
#

Sure catThink do you have any ideas for it so far?

whole coral
#

I think I'm happy with that so far, looks good to me catThumbsUp

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trim joltBOT
#

@copper acorn Has your question been resolved?

hard juniper
#

@copper acorn Here is an attempt to explain. The notation $A=(a_{ij})$ is used to describe A by its entries where $a_{ij}$ is the entry at row i, column j. This is just to emphasize the entries of A.

The other part is describing sub-matrices consisting of some subset of the rows and columns of A. Your professor defines $I$ to be the set of rows in the submatrix and $J$ to to be the set of columns. That is $A_{IJ}$ is a matrix with the rows in the set $I$ and columns in the set $J$. The, determinant is just the determinant of this matrix.

Here is an example. Let
$A = \begin{pmatrix}
1 & 2 & 3\
4 & 5 & 6\
7 & 8 & 9
\end{pmatrix} $
Then, if we set $I = {1, 2}$ and $J = {2,3}$ (assuming we index rows and columns from 1) then this gives the submatrix:
$A_{IJ} = \begin{pmatrix}
2 & 3\
5 & 6\
\end{pmatrix} $

solid kilnBOT
copper acorn
#

Alright, I had that feeling but whenever we wrote $A = a_{ij}$ it gave me the feeling that $a_{ij} \in F^{nxn}$ rather than $\in F$

solid kilnBOT
#

Bean Man

copper acorn
#

alright thank you, I was having a very hard time with understanding that

#

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short trellis
#

Two trains left the two cities to meet each other the distance between the citys one goes in 3 hours second one 4 hours. What part of the entire road is left 1 hour after exiting? the road between the trains

autumn trout
#

Total distance - (distance covered by train 1 + distance covered by train 2)

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lapis blade
#

can someone help me prove a sequence that diverges to infinity or negative infity cannot converge for my analysis class

subtle lava
#

Sure

#

Post it

wraith hinge
#

If you write the definition of convergence and divergence, you'll see by the later that there is M > 0 such that forall x, M < |f(x) - f(a)|. Hence if you take ε < M, you cannot satisfy the definition of convergence

lapis blade
#

ok

#

is there a general definition of convergence and divergence

#

that i could look up online

#

@wraith hinge

marble wharf
#

I mean just google it?

#

it pops up pretty much immediately

wraith hinge
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lapis blade
#

@human sorry can you post the definition of convergence that you used here so I can take a look at both

lapis blade
#

@wraith hinge also maybe I will need to look it up and see

#

I am not super good with these kind of names because I am new to analysis

#

Assume that the sequence converges to a finite limit L. Then, by the definition of convergence, for any ε > 0, there exists an N such that for all n > N, |a_n - L| < ε. However, since the sequence diverges to infinity or negative infinity, it will eventually exceed any bound, contradicting the assumption of convergence. Therefore, the initial assumption is false, and the sequence cannot converge.

#

is this a good enough proof?

knotty locust
#

No

#

you basically just said

#

"assume the series converges.... but it diverges so this is a contradiction"

wraith hinge
wraith hinge
knotty locust
#

What are you talking about?

past comet
#

What?

knotty locust
#

That's not a proof at all

past comet
#

^

knotty locust
wraith hinge
knotty locust
#

That isn't a proof it proved nothing

supple copper
#

Show that 1/2 is an integer

#

Suppose it wasn’t an integer, well it’s an integer so that can’t be right

knotty locust
#

Proof: assume that it is an integer, but 1/2 is a fraction which is not an integer, so a contradiction.

supple copper
#

Hence it’s an integer

wraith hinge
supple copper
#

That’s your argument

knotty locust
#

Okay well it's wrong then

past comet
#

Its not a proof at all

supple copper
#

Assume that the sequence converges to a finite limit L. Then, by the definition of convergence, for any ε > 0, there exists an N such that for all n > N, |a_n - L| < ε. However, since the sequence diverges to infinity or negative infinity, it will eventually exceed any bound, contradicting the assumption of convergence. Therefore, the initial assumption is false, and the sequence cannot converge.

#

This part

#

You claimed without proof

#

And used it in your proof

knotty locust
#

Also, this isn't even "your" proof

supple copper
#

So you just claimed the statement to be true without proof

knotty locust
#

that was what mark wrote

wraith hinge
knotty locust
#

the one in bold?

supple copper
#

I’ve bolded it

wraith hinge
past comet
#

That part is fine? You need to show it can’t both be a convergent and a divergent one

supple copper
#

But you don’t know that it’s divergent

wraith hinge
supple copper
#

Well you can’t claim a proof on a hypothesis

past comet
#

What? That part is fine.

knotty locust
#

what's the hypothesis, assume a sequence is divergent and prove that it isn't convergent?

#

even if so, you did not prove that

past comet
#

The problem is he just says well divergent so can’t be convergent contradiction

wraith hinge
#

What we want to show is:
Convergence => not divergence to ±infty

past comet
#

Not that you use your assumption that it is divergent

wraith hinge
#

We are showing this by the absurd

#

Whats wrong then?

#

We assume that it's both convergent and divergent and grt a contradiction

past comet
#

Nothing was shown

wraith hinge
past comet
#

No contradiction was found. He just wrote it. Show it formally

wraith hinge
#

That's a simple extra step I wrote for him earlier

lapis blade
#

ok hold up does this still ahve the same issue if i do this

#

Choose ε = 1. Since (a_n) diverges to infinity, there exists an M such that a_M > L + 1. But this contradicts the assumption that for all n > N, |a_n - L| < 1. Therefore, the sequence (a_n) cannot converge if it diverges to infinity.

past comet
#

Okay? Like it is not at all a proof

lapis blade
#

I am still not proving anything

#

I was supposed to add this before sorry

#

Now, assume by contradiction that the sequence (a_n) converges to a finite limit L. By the definition of convergence, for any ε > 0, there exists an N such that for all n > N, |a_n - L| < ε.

wraith hinge
past comet
#

Yes now its better

wraith hinge
#

I really don't get why people got upset for your proof. It trully was pristine, albeit not totally formal, but again no one can be totally formal, unless you wanna get involve in some serious set theory, which is ok to me

wraith hinge
past comet
#

Lmao it really wasn't.

lapis blade
#

yeah i am super new to proofs so I am really just trying to figure things out slowly

#

I have no idea whats good or not

wraith hinge
knotty locust
#

The proof was very bad

#

But no one was upset about the proof being bad

#

Actually no one is upset at all

#

We were just pointing out that you were calling his proof correct when it was very lacking

supple copper
#

@lapis blade im sorry i really really needed to go to the toilet and didn't scroll up to see context because you didn't reply to anything i just read it out of context

wraith hinge
#

You could have asked many more details, like the space where the sequence takes its values, whether it is well ordered, and so on

knotty locust
#

I mean if it can be that lax then why even call it a proof. You’re basically just saying well yeah if it converges then it can’t diverge really large, which is like heuristically correct but in no means a proof of anything

wraith hinge
#

I'll have to disagree in regard of the fact that his argument combined to my sketch is sufficient enough of a proof in my book

supple copper
#

@lapis blade just a comment on how you go about proofs like this, a sequence that diverges to infinity or negative infity cannot converge the keywords you want to look at is diverges to ±inf and converge

from here to look back to your notes on what these words mean, then construct the proof from those definitions

#

you consider what it means for a sequence to diverge, then what it means for a sequence to not converge, these will be 2 separate statements

past comet
supple copper
#

then what you want to do is construct arguments to go from the first statement, and chain implication signs until you reach the 2nd statement

wraith hinge
#

And I am definitely not against going full on technical details on set theory and predicate logic, but mathematics is also about drawing the line

lean prawn
trim joltBOT
#

@lapis blade Has your question been resolved?

lapis blade
#

ok

wraith hinge
#

I feel like a synthesis of all this discussion would be valuable, so here is a proof that I hope will satisfy everyone:

Let (a_n) be a sequence of real numbers that converges to some real number L. Suppose also that it diverges to ± infinity (WLOG to +infty). This means by definition that for any real number M, there is a rank N s.t. M < a_n forall n > N.
Since the sequence also convergences, we have that forall ε > 0 there is a rank N' s.t. forall n > N', |a_n - L| < ε, i.e. -ε < a_n - L < ε, in particular a_n < ε - L

#

If you take M > ε-L, you have M < a_n < M

lean prawn
#

As for the meta discussion, I think saying "the proof needs more detail/rigor in my opinion" is completely fair but saying "that's not a proof at all" is pretty discouraging in my opinion since you can certainly be on the right track, have the right picture in your head, even if your formal proof is missing a few steps. I don't see a reason to get hostile, there is no objectively right answer to what suffices as a good enough proof and I think there's plenty good reason to be encouraging by saying something like "I like your proof, but I would justify this and that in more detail"

wraith hinge
lapis blade
#

@lean prawn could you write this M=N out fully so I could see it by chance

#

M'=N srryy

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lean prawn
#

.reopen

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lapis blade
#

like just the rephrasing of my statement

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lapis blade
#

.reopen

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@lapis blade Has your question been resolved?

lapis blade
#

are you still here @lean prawn if not its ok I might sleep soon

lean prawn
#

Feel free to go to sleep this is taking me a little longer than I was expecting

#

but it's a good exercise for me as well

lapis blade
#

ok yeah I will probably be up for like another 15 minutes because I am solving another proof so feel free to ping me or dm me if you figure it out

#

if not its ok

lean prawn
#

I can DM you the proof if I figure it out :p

lapis blade
#

ok ty

#

ill add you so it doesnt go to my message requests

lean prawn
#

We want to show that convergence => does not diverge to infinity (the minus infinity proof is similar)

We will show this by contrapositive, by showing that

diverges to infinity => does not converge

Since (a_n) diverges to infinity, we have that for any value K that we'd like to reach, we have an M such that n >= M implies a_n >= K

We will use this M for a special K to show that the sequence does not converge.

If the sequence were to converge, then there would be some L (that the sequence converges to) such that we would have some N such that n >= N implies |a_n - L| < 1 (this is with epsilon=1)

How do we find a contradiction?

Well, let's first try to understand our objective. We would like to have |a_n - L| >= 1 for sufficiently large n, since that would yield a contradiction.

By plotting L on the real number line (remember, it can be negative as well), we clearly see that if a_n >= L + 2 then that should work since you start two units to the right of L and keep going to the right. Let's try to show formally that it actually works.

So, by our assumption, for K = L + 2, there exists some M_big such that n >= M_big implies a_n >= L + 2.

Geometrically it is quite clear that
|a_n - L| >= 1 <=> a_n >= L + 1 OR a_n <= L - 1

Algebraically, the => direction is quite clear. The <= direction is what we need, though.

If a_n - L >= 1, then in particular it is positive, and thus we're clear. If a_n - L <= -1, then in particular it is negative, and thus we're clear.

Okay, good.

Since n >= M_big implies a_n >= L + 2 which is the same as a_n - L >= 2 we certainly satisfy the first inequality.

This means that we also satisfy |a_n - L| >= 1

...

#

Therefore, for n >= M_big, we have |a_n - L| >= 1, which is a contradiction IF n >= N

#

Well let's see.

If M_big >= N, then n >= N, and thus we find a contradiction.

If M_big < N, then we can choose M_bigger = N. Note that M_bigger > M_big, and therefore for n >= M_bigger, we can derive exactly the same results as for n >= M_big. Then, at the end, we find a contradiction if the index is greater than or equal to N. But it will be greater than or equal to N because M_bigger = N. Therefore, even in this case, we can derive a contradiction

#

I suppose I get a little handwavy near the end but I hope it clarifies the idea

lapis blade
#

ok ok

#

I will sc this and look at it in the morning

#

tysm

lean prawn
#

no problem

#

hmm I think I overcomplicated that actually

#

because obviously if you just choose a large enough index, one larger than N and M_big, then obviously you reach a contradiction, and obviously you can do that

#

but yeah I need a break tbh so I'll just leave it here

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lone mauve
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lone mauve
#

are both of these vectors considered points?

#

(1,0,0) and (0,-1,1)

#

Wait nvm, these two vectors make the basis set
I was trying to find a point from this simple example

#

Would RREF not be used to find a point?

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wraith hinge
#

A particle moves along the curve x^2/9 + y^2/4 = 1, with constant speed v. Express its velocity vectorially as a function of (x,y).

wraith hinge
#

Ik what the answer is

#

But question is
Here what is x?

#

Is it a function of t?

#

So can anyone frame question exactly similar to this
But but but
Kindly also provide the function of time for position in x and y axis so that i can but up and better understand it

brazen forge
#

as in the question, its the function of (x,y)

white kestrel
#

PLEEAse

brazen forge
#

its two variable function

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wraith hinge
brazen forge
#

the hell going on here

#

<@&268886789983436800>

tacit bough
brazen forge
#

someone just started spamming here

trim joltBOT
#

@wraith hinge Has your question been resolved?

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#

@wraith hinge Has your question been resolved?

stone kiln
wraith hinge
stone kiln
#

Given time what is x and y coordinate

#

You are right x and y are function

wraith hinge
# stone kiln What you dont understand?

Hard for me to explain
Just that

Can u frame a simple problem like this one
Just that provide the functions for time too

So that i can put the values and understand

stone kiln
#

Like circle sint cost ?

#

@wraith hinge

#

It is good for you?

wraith hinge
stone kiln
#

Parabola (t,t^2) ?

wraith hinge
stone kiln
#

But it is not very interesting because you can express y by x

wraith hinge
stone kiln
#

Okay

#

What you want to clear?

wraith hinge
wraith hinge
# wraith hinge

@stone kiln this answer is quite complicated
Very much actually
So if I had functions for x and y w.r.t to time
So I could cross check

#

I don't mean cross check
But yeah.. I. Wanna see how it works

stone kiln
#

You diff both parts and get relationship v_x and v_y

#

And you have another relation that it has constant v speed then v_x^2 +v_y^2=v^2

#

And just solve

cyan oxide
cyan oxide
#

however the rest of the soul is correct

cyan oxide
# cyan oxide

well, a short explanation: he diff the equation then got a relation between Vx and Vy

#

then he used the fact that Vx and Vy is the x and y components of the velocity vector itself

#

so Vx^2 + Vy^2 = V^2

#

using this he got Vx in terms of x and y, the same with Vy

trim joltBOT
#

@wraith hinge Has your question been resolved?

wraith hinge
wraith hinge
cyan oxide
#

but eventually he fixed it and got the right answer

wraith hinge
cyan oxide
cyan oxide
#

like u arent sure about the answer?

wraith hinge
#

The correctly understand the relationship between all

cyan oxide
#

maybe some sort of visualisation for this system

#

we can set, x = 3cos(t) and y = 2sin(t)

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#
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lone mauve
trim joltBOT
lone mauve
#

do all of these mean the same thing?

knotty locust
#

The last one is incorrect

#

v*u is a scalar

#

and so is ||u||

#

but the projection should be a vector

wraith arch
#

the third one rather gives the magnitude of the projection, not the projection vector

trim joltBOT
#

@lone mauve Has your question been resolved?

lone mauve
knotty locust
#

Yes, you left off the magnitude bars

lone mauve
# lone mauve

would this formula be considered the same as the first two?

knotty locust
#

No

#

It’s the magnitude of the first two

#

Do you see the bars around proj in that?

#

| proj | instead of just proj

lone mauve
#

ya

knotty locust
#

The projection is a vector but that formula gives the magnitude of the vector

lone mauve
#

so it's the same as this

knotty locust
#

That’s an example of taking the magnitude of a specific vector yes

lone mauve
#

why do we need this formula

#

if this will solve it

lone mauve
#

distance cannot be negative, so 3 is the difference either way

#

for example:

#

I wonder if prof would be forgiving with marks if D was this

stoic iron
# lone mauve

yes most people would mark you down for putting -3 because like you say a distance cannot be negative

lone mauve
#

OK

#

tyvm

#

.close

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frail yarrow
#

More of a general question, so I was sent this photo, could someone either tell me what noise type is and how it affects the degrees of freedom? Either that or point me to a resource.

frail yarrow
#

Actually, if you could also point me to where this formula for chi squared comes from, that would also be appreciated

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frail yarrow
#

<@&286206848099549185>
I'd ask for more context, but the person who sent me this is in a time zone where they should really be sleeping.
Can someone at least point me towards a resource for the formula used?

frail yarrow
#

Someone at least tell me if I'm unlikely to get an answer?

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#

@frail yarrow Has your question been resolved?

trim joltBOT
#

@frail yarrow Has your question been resolved?

frail yarrow
#

<@&286206848099549185>

frail yarrow
#

Eh whatever

#

.close

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zinc raft
#

Is y^-3 = 1/3y ?

trim joltBOT
acoustic sphinx
#

no

zinc raft
#

Ok

#

Actually

#

Can you help me with the whole question

acoustic sphinx
#

y^-3 = 1/y^3

#

what is the whole question

zinc raft
#

So far I’m just factoring it out

orchid wagon
#

law of indices

zinc raft
acoustic sphinx
#

a^-1 = 1/a

#

ok

#

thats the main rule there

zinc raft
#

Oh ok

acoustic sphinx
#

for that question

acoustic sphinx
zinc raft
orchid wagon
#

wtf

zinc raft
#

That’s how they taught us

acoustic sphinx
#

it works but it's no tthe best way

zinc raft
#

Oh ok what should I do instead?

acoustic sphinx
#

you can leave it how it is as 4x^5y^2 * (2x)/y^3

delicate pagoda
#

so 8x^6 over y

acoustic sphinx
#

8x^6/y

#

yeah thats it

trim joltBOT
#

As a helper, please do not give out answers that could be copied as a homework solution. Have the student work through the problem themselves and guide them along the way.

zinc raft
#

:( idk what to do

onyx forge
#

pretty easy

#

ngl

solid kilnBOT
#

faiyrose

delicate pagoda
#

it's literally just calculation of the answer!?

onyx forge
#

do you know how

#

you add or subtract

#

powers

orchid wagon
onyx forge
#

basically exponent rules?

orchid wagon
trim joltBOT
onyx forge
delicate pagoda
#

x^a+x^b =x^(a+b)

acoustic sphinx
#

@zinc raft

delicate pagoda
zinc raft
#

How would I combine y^2 and y^-3

orchid wagon
onyx forge
orchid wagon
#

somewhat similar but its the same

#

thats not how exponent work

acoustic sphinx
#

@zinc raft do you know the index laws

zinc raft
#

No sorry

onyx forge
#

so many people here

onyx forge
acoustic sphinx
#

all good look at these

onyx forge
#

how to solve

#

an exponential question

zinc raft
#

Ok ok I see

onyx forge
#

when you don't know its rules

#

😭

acoustic sphinx
#

those are the main rules that you'll use

zinc raft
#

So I kind of combine like terms?

delicate pagoda
#

$y^2\cdot y^{-3} = y^{2-3}=y^{-1}=\frac{1}{y}$

solid kilnBOT
#

Bob Goldham

acoustic sphinx
#

when there's multiplication you add the powers if the base is the same

onyx forge
#

the answer-

#

that's what shes supposed to do herself

#

😭

delicate pagoda
#

no I'm explaining a general rule of algebra

orchid wagon
onyx forge
#

a different example

delicate pagoda
#

$\forall x,y,z \in \mathbb{R} $

#

better?

onyx forge
#

oh lord its so cold

zinc raft
#

Ok

onyx forge
#

close it too

#

if u dont need help

zinc raft
#

.close

trim joltBOT
#
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trim joltBOT
#
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drifting rose
#

coudl someone help explai the logic of this step

drifting rose
#

so we want that left equation to look like the one in blue, so we add 2 onto the bottom, but we need to equate another fraction so it not like we added it out of nowhere

#

why is it 2x^2/x^2?

worldly wing
#

It could be anything

#

It just needs to be equivalent to 2

drifting rose
#

oh

#

so whats another example off it?

#

wait

#

if it need to be equivalent to 2, can't it just be 2?

onyx forge
#

omg

#

my teacher taught me that

#

this is nostalgic

onyx forge
onyx forge
#

hold on

#

ill give u

drifting rose
#

its more confusion that they added the 2 to the already x^2, why would you want to balance it out with an 2*x^2/x^2?

onyx forge
#

hollon

#

Im tryna find my own docu

#

😭

#

odd

#

cant find it