#help-36

1 messages · Page 283 of 1

tiny gorge
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if you know the values of f(x) for all rational x, then you know f(x) for all real x, by continuity

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(moreover, you can't specify f(x) freely for all rational x, either)

manic leaf
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hmm

tiny gorge
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also, consider that the constant functions are continuous

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that tells you something about the cardinality

manic leaf
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wait

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is it similar

#

Let $F$ be such a set. Observe there is a bijection $g: \mathbb{R} \to F$, where $g(r) = f_r$, and $f_r : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$, where $f_r(a) = r$ for all $a \in \mathbb{R}$. Therefore, $|F| = |\mathbb{R}| = 2^{\aleph_0}$.

soft zealotBOT
tiny gorge
#

that's not a bijection

tiny gorge
#

there are continuous functions that are not constant

manic leaf
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no this is just proving set of constant functions

tiny gorge
#

it is an injection, though

manic leaf
#

\textbf{(j) ${f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} : f$ is constant}.}

soft zealotBOT
tiny gorge
#

ok, you see that (j) is a subset of (k) right?

manic leaf
#

ye

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it is

tiny gorge
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so the cardinality of (k) is at least the cardinality of (j)

manic leaf
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ah

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so thats the lower bound

tiny gorge
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yep

manic leaf
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so now i need to figure out the upper bound

tiny gorge
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yep

manic leaf
#

do i just need an injection

manic leaf
#

if i can show an injection from continuous functions -> real numbers am i good

tiny gorge
#

yes that would do it

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then you have injections both ways, so by schroeder-bernstein there exists a bijection

manic leaf
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ye

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wait

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so you said

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a continuous function can be uniquely identified by the rational nmbers it takes up?

tiny gorge
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it's uniquely identified by the rational subset of its domain

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if you know f(x) for all rational x, then you know f

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simply because for arbitrary y, you can take a sequence x_n of rationals such that x_n -> y, and then by continuity, f(y) = lim f(x_n)

manic leaf
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ohh

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so we have a set of rational numbers

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we want to maybe inject a subset of Q to R

tiny gorge
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well, it gives you an injection from your set to the set of all real-valued functions on Q

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see if you can determine the cardinality of the latter set

manic leaf
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that is aleph_0^aleph_0 = 2^{aleph_0}?

tiny gorge
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what's your reasoning?

manic leaf
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well set of all real valued functions on Q seems just like {f : Q -> R}

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any function f is in

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|R|^|Q|

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.solved

final saddleBOT
#
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sweet prawn
#

What does it mean by 108 are either made of clay or have coloring? Based on my understanding it's saying 108 artifacts are either clay or colored and no between???? Then I look at the 81 and 34 and that doesn't add up to 108

supple pawn
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that means there's a total of 108 artifacts with either clay or colouring

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for example, 60 artifacts have colouring and 48 made of clay

sweet prawn
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So 115 artifacts they take out 150 and of that 150 we have the 108

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That are like either this or that

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😭

supple pawn
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try eliminating

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if 34 of them has colouring

sweet prawn
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Huh 😭

supple pawn
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how many do NOT HAVE colouring?

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which means
No colouring or made with clay

sweet prawn
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Oh

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Wait

ornate token
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You already knew that Clay is 81 and Colouring is 81.

sweet prawn
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No color and made of clay plus no clay but colored are equal 108

ornate token
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Do you know Union rule?

sweet prawn
supple pawn
ornate token
#

A unions B here is 108, as given.

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Also knew A and B, then how many artifacts both coloured, and made out of clay?

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The table here is perhaps unnecessary in my opinion.

sweet prawn
ornate token
sweet prawn
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Oh

ornate token
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Upside down symbol for U

sweet prawn
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My answer is 7

topaz kite
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sorry for interrupting but perhaps OP may have heard of this rule referred to by its proper name, inclusion-exclusion.

ornate token
sweet prawn
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Oh

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7/108 then

ornate token
ornate token
ornate token
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Congrats!

radiant igloo
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fahhh

final saddleBOT
sweet prawn
#

.close

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#
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final saddleBOT
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calm ether
#

Is my proof correct? \noindent \textbf{Problem.} Prove that $\frac{1}{n+1} < \log(n+1) - \log n < \frac{1}{n}$.

\begin{proof}
Note that
[
\log(n+1) - \log(n) = \log\left(1 + \frac{1}{n}\right) = \int_1^{1+\frac{1}{n}} \frac{dx}{x}.
]
Now, for all $x \in \left(1, 1 + \frac{1}{n}\right)$, it holds that
[
\frac{n}{n+1} = \frac{1}{1 + \frac{1}{n}} < \frac{1}{x} < 1.
]
Therefore, due to the continuity of $\frac{1}{x}$ on the interval $\left[1, 1 + \frac{1}{n}\right]$, and by Theorem 13-7, we have:
[
\int_1^{1+\frac{1}{n}} \frac{n}{n+1} , dx < \int_1^{1+\frac{1}{n}} \frac{dx}{x} < \int_1^{1+\frac{1}{n}} 1 , dx.
]
Evaluating the integrals of the constants:
[
\left[ \frac{n}{n+1} \cdot x \right]_1^{1+\frac{1}{n}} < \log\left(1 + \frac{1}{n}\right) < [x]_1^{1+\frac{1}{n}}.
]
This simplifies to:
[
\frac{n}{n+1} \left( 1 + \frac{1}{n} - 1 \right) < \log\left(1 + \frac{1}{n}\right) < \left( 1 + \frac{1}{n} - 1 \right),
]
[
\frac{n}{n+1} \cdot \frac{1}{n} < \log\left(1 + \frac{1}{n}\right) < \frac{1}{n},
]
which yields
[
\frac{1}{n+1} < \log\left(1 + \frac{1}{n}\right) < \frac{1}{n}.
]
This completes the proof.
\end{proof}

soft zealotBOT
#

YuyuHenry

calm ether
#

This is the theorem I'm citing

rugged merlin
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You can also prove it without srtting up an integral by means of the mean value theorem

calm ether
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But like, it's without strict inequalities

calm ether
rugged merlin
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U can still use it

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But like

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f(x) = 1/x is strictly decreasing and constant on [1, 1 + 1/n] which means the bounds are not reached and ur inequality is strict

tiny gorge
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you could try to prove that if f is continuous and if there's some point in [a,b] where it's strictly between m and M, then the inequalities are strict

calm ether
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wait, a friend of mine found smth

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this problem which I can cite

tiny gorge
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yea, that's what you want basically

rugged merlin
calm ether
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can I see it?

rugged merlin
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Its in my head and I dont want to latex rn sorry

calm ether
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okay, so let me try

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by MVT of $\log x$ on $[n,n+1]$ there exists $c \in (n,n+1)$ such that $\frac{\log{n}-\log{n+1}}{1}=1/c \Rightarrow \log{n+1}-\log{n}=-1/c$, and we have that $\frac{1}{n+1}<- \frac{1}{c} < \frac{1}{n}$ we're done

soft zealotBOT
#

YuyuHenry

calm ether
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@rugged merlin like this?

rugged merlin
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But you messed up ur signs

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It should be log(n+1) - logn

calm ether
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That's why I multiplied by - after the Rightarrow

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oh wait

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I see

topaz kite
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sorry to interrupt but wouldn't you get in a little bit of nitpick trouble for applying the MVT the wrong way in the first place?

calm ether
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I forgot the signs lol

rugged merlin
topaz kite
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never mind, I was just thinking that even though OP multed by -1 to 'fix' the signs, the application might be wrong to begin with so some pedantic examiner could dock him for misuse of the MVT.
maybe it's not a concern though, sorry for interrupting.

rugged merlin
topaz kite
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ah, sorry for interrupting once again then.

rugged merlin
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I mean bt that logic -1/c would be a negative number which would be apparently sandwiched by two positive fractions

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Which doesn't make a whole lot of sense

calm ether
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ohhh I see

rugged merlin
calm ether
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No way I forgot the mvt

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lol

topaz kite
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(though if I may comment, please bracket the n+1 in the log, so as not to confuse it with log(n) + 1 when reading back later!)

calm ether
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thanks

rugged merlin
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Although

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I dont recommend using mvt here for pedagogical reasons

calm ether
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by MVT of $\log x$ on $[n,n+1]$ there exists $c \in (n,n+1)$ such that $\frac{\log{(n+1)}-\log{(n)}}{1}=1/c \Rightarrow$, and we have that $\frac{1}{n+1}< \frac{1}{c} < \frac{1}{n}$ we're done

soft zealotBOT
#

YuyuHenry

rugged merlin
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From what im understanding you are building up yhe theory on integrals from the ground up, so you are likely formally defining the logarithm by its integral form

calm ether
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yes

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Probably if I write the MVT my teacher will say "didn't I teach y'all how to integrate"?

rugged merlin
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The fact thst the derivative of logx is 1/x is proven later so you probably cant (shouldn't) utilise that uet

topaz kite
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not to mention, if I may comment again, isn't that Spivak's Calculus?

calm ether
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so we're already past that

rugged merlin
calm ether
#

FTC?

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Ohhh fundamental theorem of calculus

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yes we did

rugged merlin
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If I apply the MVT for derivatives on log(x) to solve an integral problem before the FTC is established, I am using circular logic and relying on maths that I dont have access to yet

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Oh ok

topaz kite
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are you in chapter 18?

calm ether
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22

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almost done with the book

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"almost"

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This is supposed to be introductory calculus

topaz kite
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in that case, just for context for Lex, OP probably has access to many theorems.

rugged merlin
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Oh lol

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Yeah never used that book

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Guess its free game then

calm ether
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I feel kind of sad. All I see is that MVT is broken

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it needs a nerf

rugged merlin
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Upload your suggestions for when maths 2.0 drops

calm ether
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Fr

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Just for mantaining the topic

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I ended up citing this problem

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part (c)

rugged merlin
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Yea

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Sorks

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Works

calm ether
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Okay

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Thanks tho

rugged merlin
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Ofc

calm ether
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.close

final saddleBOT
#
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copper roost
#

hello can someone explain how you approach these kind of problems

copper roost
#

i mean

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do i just do like 1-3/62/61/6

drowsy epoch
#

did bro sleep 💀

drowsy epoch
copper roost
#

I WILL FAIL MATH TOMORROW

copper roost
hollow wave
#

anyone here know k map?

drowsy epoch
#

Like when you pull 3 times you want at least 2

copper roost
#

or is that not necessary

drowsy epoch
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You nees to compute the current probability

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First try red is what

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Also let's do P(RRG)

copper roost
#

thats

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4/6 * 3/6 * 2/6

drowsy epoch
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Oh well you did Gegenwahrscheinlichkeit

drowsy epoch
#

You dont put it back

copper roost
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yeah

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yeah i did

drowsy epoch
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Ok lets do your way

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At least 2 red means at most 1 red

copper roost
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so

drowsy epoch
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1-P(RGG)-P(GRG)-P(GGR)

copper roost
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P(RRG) P(

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yeah

drowsy epoch
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Hmm doesnt seem better

copper roost
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no there are only 2 green gummies tho

drowsy epoch
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Oh right

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Ok one less probability

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So first try red is 4/6

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Then twice green is 2/5 * 1/4

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So P(RGG)=4/6 × 2/5 × 1/4

copper roost
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so 1-P(GGR)-P(GRG)-P(RGG)

drowsy epoch
#

Yea

copper roost
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but why do i have to consier

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the order

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is that important too

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like green first then red

drowsy epoch
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Oh here yes I think cause we dont put it back

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Like P(GGR)=2/6 × 1/5 × 4/4

copper roost
#

yeah

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man fuck

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for the 2.2

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let me thinn

drowsy epoch
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What do u first want in 2

copper roost
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wdym

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hmmm

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id say some stuff like

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2 * something with n but

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we dont even know

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n-1 also

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but in the denominator too?

final saddleBOT
#

@copper roost Has your question been resolved?

#
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clever roost
#

i need help

final saddleBOT
clever roost
#

so im learning the vector cross product

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a x b = magnitude of a x b x sin(x) x n

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i understand when i do a cross b i get a vector,

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what is that vector?

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is it n?

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what does the rest of the formulae mean

timber leaf
#

that is an orthogonal unit vector

covert tree
timber leaf
#

Or unit normal vector

clever roost
#

a what now

covert tree
timber leaf
#

It is a vector that orthogonal to the plane containing both a and b

clever roost
#

so n = absinx

clever roost
clever roost
covert tree
timber leaf
#

Perpendicular

clever roost
#

so n is perpendicular to ab

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what about the absinx part thats what i dont get

covert tree
clever roost
#

idk what caveat means either

covert tree
#

u have to follow the right hand rule

clever roost
#

yes ik thsg

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i just dont get the

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absin bit

covert tree
#

u have to follow the right hand rule for direction

covert tree
covert tree
#

like it can point up or down (will be perpendicular either way)

covert tree
#

it just so happens to be the same as the area of parallelogram a,b forms

final saddleBOT
#

@clever roost Has your question been resolved?

final saddleBOT
#
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#
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Ask your math question in a clear, concise manner.
Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.
Do not immediately ping people or roles. After 15 minutes, feel free to ping <@&286206848099549185> once.
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copper roost
#

so here right

final saddleBOT
copper roost
#

im on the 3.2

#

F! is loaded

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So you basically do

supple jolt
#

du brauchst P_gezinkt(fair)

#

oder?

copper roost
#

Pf!(Z

copper roost
#

also P_F!(Z!)

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oder???

supple jolt
#

nein

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du weistt schon dass er gezinkt ist

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und du willst wissen

copper roost
#

aber Z! ist doch das es fair ist

supple jolt
#

was die wahrscheinlichkeit fuer fair ist

supple jolt
#

Z hat nichts mit fair zutun

#

oh

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ha warte

#

doch

bold turtle
supple jolt
bold turtle
#

Nicht dass es IN WAHRHEIT schon so ist

supple jolt
#

genau

copper roost
#

hä also

supple jolt
#

oder besser gesagt

#

er wurde bereits als gezinkt eingestuft

#

nun willst du wissen, mit welcher wahrscheinlichkeit dieser gezinkte wuerfel fair ist

#

denn gezinkt eingetuft heisst nicht immer unfair

bold turtle
#

Du willst die Wahrsch. dass es eigentlich fair ist, in Anbetracht dessen, dass es so klassifiziert ist

copper roost
#

ein zufällig herausgegriffener würfel, der als gezinkt eingestuft wird, fair ist

das heist doch einfach, Die wahrscheinlichkeit von einem fairen würfel unter der bedingung das es gezinkt ist

supple jolt
#

ja

bold turtle
#

genau

supple jolt
copper roost
#

aber

bold turtle
supple jolt
#

ur not german right

bold turtle
#

(vielleicht ist die etwas Deutsches was ich nicht verste-

#

yh

copper roost
#

wtf

supple jolt
#

yes in germany we use different notation for conditional probability

copper roost
#

bro speaks better german than me

supple jolt
#

we dont use P( A | B)

bold turtle
#

ye

supple jolt
#

We use P_B (A)

bold turtle
#

Ich verstehe aber was gemeint wird, 'so es ist mir problemlos

supple jolt
#

krass du sprichst aber gut deutsch

#

so formell

#

haha

bold turtle
#

hab in der Schule gelernt

copper roost
#

ich hab die aufgabe falsch verstanden

bold turtle
#

Ist ein bisschen besonders ausgeschriebn

#

keine Sorge

#

Wenns "eingestuft" vermisst wird, ändert sich das Problem

bold turtle
copper roost
#

Ich überlege gerade

copper roost
bold turtle
#

Der Würfel "sei" gezinkt, dh wir sind mit einem "Z" beim... Baumdiagramm?

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-# nennt man es so?

#

Davon ausgegangen, dass wir also ein Z haben, was wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit sein, dass wir auch ein F (fair) haben?

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-# hier kommt Star mich zu korrigieren KEK

supple jolt
drowsy epoch
bold turtle
#

cool

supple jolt
drowsy epoch
#

Hallo Schildkröte und Wlan

supple jolt
#

hallihallo

copper roost
#

i basically thought, that Z! means not gezinkt which means fair

supple jolt
#

no

#

Z and F are different things

bold turtle
copper roost
#

but

supple jolt
#

if we know that Z, it could be fair or not

#

we dont know

bold turtle
#

but yeah, Z ist "gezinkt klassifiziert", nicht "gezinkt in der Tat"

supple jolt
#

Z is kinda like a Vermutung

#

if it helps to understand

copper roost
#

oh so the dice should be Fair, but classified as gezinkt

supple jolt
#

yes

bold turtle
#

genau

copper roost
#

MAN

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we got 60 minutes

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for 6 Problems

#

this is inhumane

supple jolt
#

oh i have 60 minutes for 24

copper roost
#

and no calculator allowed

supple jolt
#

haha

#

yes and no calc

copper roost
#

is bro at harvard or some shit 😭

supple jolt
#

nah but im doing the TMS

copper roost
#

man theres just so much content that could appear

bold turtle
copper roost
#

honestly i must neglect some stuff snd gamble

bold turtle
#

Use fractions and make your life a little simpler

#

First, what's the probability that it's classified as loaded?

#

(fok I was gonna acc write "klassified as zinked" opencry)

copper roost
#

Wait so P(F and G)/P(F)

supple jolt
#

ja

bold turtle
#

Ist G Z, dann yeah

#

warte mal

copper roost
supple jolt
#

nein

#

eh

bold turtle
#

korrecter Ding zu sagen

#

Falsch geschrieben

supple jolt
#

ja der nenner ist falsch

copper roost
#

oh then P(Z)

bold turtle
#

on the bottom, yeah

supple jolt
#

the bedingung goes in the nenner

copper roost
#

bedingung

supple jolt
#

yeah

bold turtle
supple jolt
bold turtle
#

Weil's fast alles schon auf Englisch war, hab ichs mit nem englischen Akzent lesen müssen KEK

copper roost
#

okay so 1.1 i could just say that for value bigger than 3 there is a negative root which isnt possible right

bold turtle
#

yeah

#

nun

supple jolt
#

smaller than -3 and bigger than 3

copper roost
bold turtle
#

Outside of the range, x^2 > 9

copper roost
#

if i were to insert -4

bold turtle
#

THIS makes the square root contain a negative inside it, which is not solvable

supple jolt
#

then you get sqrt (-7)

copper roost
#

wait i never properly understood

bold turtle
#

-# so shhhh

sinful spindle
#

can anyone translate the question

copper roost
#

-3^2 is -3*-3 which is 9, but isnt (-3)*(-3) the same basically

bold turtle
#

Currently translating dw

copper roost
supple jolt
#

-3^2 is just -1 * 3^2 = -9

bold turtle
supple jolt
#

and (-3)^2 = (-3) * (-3) = 9

copper roost
supple jolt
bold turtle
#

That is, if x = -4, then x^2 = (-4)^2 (because I take -4 and multiply it by itself) - so this evaluates as 16

copper roost
#

yeah shit

#

yep

drowsy epoch
#

Is tmrw exam

copper roost
#

man you see the 1.2 this is what im talking about

bold turtle
#

,w x = -4, calculate x^2

copper roost
#

its so much content

#

but its so rare

#

everything

#

so muchhhh

copper roost
drowsy epoch
bold turtle
#

What shape does it take, first?

copper roost
#

man im boutta restart this year 😭

bold turtle
#

(that might help you find the volume more easily)

drowsy epoch
#

But yeah u have other subjects too ducky_skull

copper roost
#

a semi circleV

#

we learnd how to do this stuff before i just gotta relarn it

bold turtle
#

Try and spin it in your head around the x-axis

#

What 3D shape does it cover then?

copper roost
#

man i dont know how you guys just immediately know how to solve stuff directly even when ur probaly not doing this in uni or whatever

copper roost
#

wait

#

like a bowl

#

?

bold turtle
#

Almost, keep spinning it

#

-# is a sentence I never thought I'd say today

copper roost
#

or like a cone maybe

#

or

#

i cant visualise this in my head ngl

#

yeah idk

bold turtle
#

Try spinning a circle instead

copper roost
#

i mean

#

thats like

#

a cylinder

brazen breach
#

kind of like making a coin 180 on itself

bold turtle
copper roost
#

oh a globe basically

#

how do u call that

brazen breach
#

I thought ur finals was today damn
I alr took mine and was cooked

bold turtle
brazen breach
# copper roost tomorrow

-# damn, study well dawg I was all confident and shi saying my country's education ain't shi I was wrong

copper roost
#

i still gotta go through hypothesis tests, some plane vector stuff and some probability

copper roost
bold turtle
#

A sphere

#

ye

copper roost
#

but i mean

#

it said semi circle

#

does that still make it a sphere

#

yes right

#

because it spins like that

#

yeah

bold turtle
#

ye

#

because it's gonna double around itself

#

Right, so we've got a sphere with... what as its radius?

bold turtle
#

ye

#

Lastly, volume of a sphere given its radius?

copper roost
#

weneed to intrgrate something ive done this before but i forgot

copper roost
#

1/2 pi *

#

some stuff like tha

#

yo theres no way i gotta memorize this hell nah

bold turtle
#

(4/3) pi r^3

copper roost
#

damn

bold turtle
#

hold up lemme see if I can get a textbook screenshot of that

#

(wird aber auf Englisch)

copper roost
#

let me check my notes

bold turtle
#

soll irgendwo da sein, yh

#

Gefunden

#

[Source: Edexcel AS and A Level Further Mathematics Core Pure 1/AS textbook, page 72]

drowsy epoch
#

Wire or Fire

supple jolt
#

1 sec

#

i have the german math book

copper roost
#

so its just

#

yep

#

i have it

#

bro

#

dw

supple jolt
bold turtle
#

If nothing else, the blue box

supple jolt
#

yeah

bold turtle
#

See also: Doctor Who

supple jolt
#

they always do some useless ass calculations before the blue box

#

for no reason

copper roost
#

i swear bro 😭

bold turtle
copper roost
#

they show the herleitung

supple jolt
#

yeah

#

but for 99% of the students its too difficult to understand

#

and everyone only reads the blue box

bold turtle
#

The idea is that, when you're not rushing to learn the content, this is supposed to motivate the definition

copper roost
#

we had to do the background of integrating once

bold turtle
#

When you're pressed for time, that blue box gets you quite a good way there though

copper roost
#

i gave up on that like i dont even care

#

but tysm guys

#

for the help

supple jolt
copper roost
#

ill probably open a help chanel some time later when im stuck on something again ty

#

.close

supple jolt
#

yo ure welcome

final saddleBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed by @copper roost

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

final saddleBOT
#
Available help channel!

Send your question here to claim the channel.

Remember:
Ask your math question in a clear, concise manner.
Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.
Do not immediately ping people or roles. After 15 minutes, feel free to ping <@&286206848099549185> once.
• Type the command .close to free the channel when you're done.
• Be polite and have a nice day!

Read #❓how-to-get-help for further information on how to ask a good question, and about conduct in the question channels.

atomic bramble
#

My theory, i want ur thoughts

📜 THE SIMPLICITY IMAGINARY STANDARD (V1.0)

A Simplified 2D Simulation Logic

🧭 1. THE COMPASS

  • Standard: I = 90^\circ
  • Anchor: 360^\circ (Top/North) is the Origin.
  • Rotation: Always Clockwise.
  • I = Right | 2I = Bottom | 3I = Left | 4I = Reset Top.

🚫 2. THE GOLDEN LAW

  • Linear Only: Use Addition/Subtraction for movement.
  • FORBIDDEN: SQUARING (I^2) IS ILLEGAL. * Logic: Prevents simulation crashes and keeps calculation speeds maxed out.

🔍 3. THE ZOOM & SNAP

  • Micro-steps: 1I contains 90 sub-units (degrees).
  • The Snap: Round complex decimals (e.g., 45.123) to the nearest 0.1 for efficiency.

🌊 4. THE \pi LINK (Curve Distance)

  • Formula: \text{Dist} = (\text{Turns} / 360) \times (2\pi r)
  • (Lazy Mode: \pi = 3)
    Purpose: Designed for high-speed game logic and "Lazy" physics engines. EPIK. Logic > Complex Trig.

This used ai, but the idea came from me. Ai is built to help and assist human. So i used it to assist me

ornate token
#

So... What do you want to ask?

final saddleBOT
topaz kite
#

you seem to have merely described a bearing system. what's your question with it?

timber leaf
#

Is that factoid necessary?

atomic bramble
#

Opinions

proper dagger
#

help channels are for problems and/or questions that you need help with

tropic crest
ornate token
tropic crest
ornate token
#

Since it is academic suggestion.

atomic bramble
#

!close

proper dagger
#

.close

final saddleBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed by @proper dagger

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

atomic bramble
#

Alr

#

.close

final saddleBOT
#
Available help channel!

Send your question here to claim the channel.

Remember:
Ask your math question in a clear, concise manner.
Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.
Do not immediately ping people or roles. After 15 minutes, feel free to ping <@&286206848099549185> once.
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Read #❓how-to-get-help for further information on how to ask a good question, and about conduct in the question channels.

sonic cairn
#

\textit{Task 22.}

\textit{A triangle $ABC$ is given, in which $|AB| = 6$, $|AC| = 4$, and $\angle CAB = 60^\circ$ (see the diagram).}

\textit{Task 22.2 (0--1)}

\textit{Complete the sentence. Choose the correct answer from the options below.}

\textit{The length of side $BC$ of triangle $ABC$ is equal to:}

\textit{A. $\sqrt{28}$ \quad B. $\sqrt{40}$ \quad C. $8$ \quad D. $\sqrt{76}$}

soft zealotBOT
#

Addison Tarna

ornate token
sonic cairn
#

Ya

tropic crest
sonic cairn
#

With the attitude

tropic crest
sonic cairn
ornate token
sonic cairn
tropic crest
sonic cairn
#

Mhm and it works here?

tropic crest
sonic cairn
#

Area = 1/2 * a * b * sin(a)?

tropic crest
#

look at the 2 pictures i sent

sonic cairn
#

@viscid stirrup

#

But you said it also works

final saddleBOT
#

@sonic cairn Has your question been resolved?

#
Channel closed

Closed by @sonic cairn

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

#
Available help channel!

Send your question here to claim the channel.

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Ask your math question in a clear, concise manner.
Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.
Do not immediately ping people or roles. After 15 minutes, feel free to ping <@&286206848099549185> once.
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Read #❓how-to-get-help for further information on how to ask a good question, and about conduct in the question channels.

sour copper
#

Consider the unit circle $C$ defined in the real plane $R^2$ as:

$\C={(x,y)\in R^2 : x^2+y^2=1}

\Let $T_\theta$ be a rotation of this circle in the counter-clockwise (positive) direction by an angle $\theta > 0$. It is given that $\theta$ is not a rational multiple of $\pi$ i.e. $\theta \notin \pi Q$
Let $M (1,0)$ be a point on this circle.

  • Prove that $T_\theta^k(M) \neq M$ for all $k \in Z^*$
  • Use the Principle of Mathematical Induction on $n\in N$ to prove the following statement:
    For every $n\in N$ there exists an integer $m\in N$ such that the length of the arc of the circle extending between $M$ and $T_\theta^m(M)$ does not exceed $\frac{\theta}{2^n}$
  • Prove that any segment (arc) of the circle $l$ o matter how small, will contain an infinite number of points from the orbit $l$, where:
    $l={T_\theta^n(M),n\in N}$
glossy zephyr
#

$\pi&

#

4th line of text

#

Oh yea, and {} is usually problematic.

#

If you want to make sure it renders properly, \{ \}

soft zealotBOT
#

Amer
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
(You may edit your message to recompile.)

glossy zephyr
#
Consider the unit circle $C$ defined in the real plane $R^2$ as:

$$C=\{(x,y)\in R^2 : x^2+y^2=1\}$$

Let $T_\theta$ be a rotation of this circle in the counter-clockwise (positive) direction by an angle $\theta > 0$. It is given that $\theta$ is not a rational multiple of $\pi$ i.e. $\theta \notin \pi Q$\par
Let $M (1,0)$ be a point on this circle.

- Prove that $T_\theta^k(M) \neq M$ for all $k \in Z^*$\par
- Use the Principle of Mathematical Induction on $n\in N$ to prove the following statement:
For every $n\in N$ there exists an integer $m\in N$ such that the length of the arc of the circle extending between $M$ and $T_\theta^m(M)$ does not exceed $\theta\over2^n$\par
- Prove that any segment (arc) of the circle $l$ no matter how small, will contain an infinite number of points from the orbit $l$, where:
$$l=\{T_\theta^n(M),n\in N\}$$
#

youre missing the $ on the end of the C ={...} part.

sour copper
#

lol

glossy zephyr
#

Anyways, to the problem

sour copper
#

yeah

#

i am stuck at part 3

glossy zephyr
#

I assume Z* is the integers?

soft zealotBOT
sour copper
#

yeah

#

Z \ {0}

glossy zephyr
#

Well, the "infinite" part has to do with the fact that the intersection is not just the end points meeting.
And this is somewhat equivalent to proving that, for the rotation T, with theta being a non-rational multiple of pi (that is, in some sense, theta and pi are linearly independent for n in N rotations)

#

Which in simpler words means that, for an arbitrary amount of rotations for an angle that is not a rational multiple of Pi, you will cover the whole circle once again.

sour copper
#

my works is:

#

let $\varepsilon > 0$ be the length of any given $C'$ of the circle
\for any given $n$ we find $m\in N$ whereas the length between $M , T_\theta^m(M) > \frac{\theta}{2^N}$

soft zealotBOT
sour copper
#

let $\alpha = dist(M , T_\theta^m(M))<=\frac{\theta}{2^n}$

soft zealotBOT
glossy zephyr
#

\leq for less or equal btw

sour copper
#

$\alpha < {\theta\over2^n} < \varepsilon$

glossy zephyr
#

\over overarches the whole expression, use {} to enclose it

soft zealotBOT
sour copper
#

m here is an amount of rotations right?

#

for $T_\theta ^m (m)$

soft zealotBOT
glossy zephyr
#

yes?

sour copper
#

then i can say something like

#

is that correct?

glossy zephyr
#

Ig. You know practically nothing about 2m, 3m, etc...

#

but continue ig

sour copper
#

this proves the points are infinite?

glossy zephyr
#

Im pretty much sure it doesnt

#

Im not giving it enough brain power rn tho.

glossy zephyr
#

lemme try to put it better

#

With T a positively oriented rotation by θ ≠ πq, q ∈ ℚ, and L (arc) a continuous subset of our unit circumference C; We want to prove that the set ∪_N T^i(L) = C

Aka, from our arc L, by applying T an arbitrary amount of times, and joining all the resulting arcs L', we get back our original circumference C.
If this is true, then obviously, our original L has to have an intersection with this new "reconstruction of the circle".

#

∪_N should be read as

$\bigcup_{i=1}^\infty$
soft zealotBOT
final saddleBOT
#

@sour copper Has your question been resolved?

glossy zephyr
#

We know that theta can be written as a θ = xπ with x being part of the irrationals.

As such, we can divide and θ both by π and get 2 and x ∈ R\Q

Equivalently, our rotations now become addition under mod 2.

#

Soo, we want to know that an interval of the form { ([0,a] + nx) mod 2, n ∈ N, x ∈ R\Q} = [0,2]

#

I hope youre following with the idea

sour copper
glossy zephyr
#

not really, just some arbitrary real number less than 2

#

ig i should have clarified

#

Well, ig we can start to play with what x is in relation to a too

#

if x < a, then we know that [x,a+x] (aka n=1) will have an obvious intersection with [0,a]
(same idea repeats for every single rotation, and since they all are in an intersection with eachother, then they will eventually fill in the circumference)

#

if x = a, then we know that [x, a+x] will share an endpoint with the previous interval, and as so, once a+nx > 2 for some n ∈ N, then in mod 2 the interval will have an intersection with [0,a]

#

So they basically tile one after the other until the last one.

#

and with x > a we have to deal with the fact that x and 2 are linearly independent w/ respect to natural scalars.

sour copper
#

i am type of guy who loves solving by equitation and numbers

#

but i think this part is more on the talky side

#

i am drawing blank on how to write it down

glossy zephyr
#

ig, we are exhausting options

#

oh, and just now i noticed, the x < a and x = a can be condensed into one single step.

#

aka x ≤ a

#

Okay, i assume i never mentioned why this makes sense, but basically we are redefining our problem in the (r,θ) space instead of (x,y)

#

Where a "continuous subset" of the circumference is much more obvious.

sour copper
#

each segment from M to $T_\theta ^m (M)$ is smaller than ${\theta\over 2^n}$

soft zealotBOT
glossy zephyr
#

Not quite as of a statement.

#

It isnt "each segment"

sour copper
#

i'm having an english moment

glossy zephyr
#

Just ensures you that theres some m such that dist(M,T^m(M)) < theta/2^n

#

For any arbitrary n

sour copper
#

but basically if we make C smaller than that, it's guaranteed that some point will fall in C

glossy zephyr
#

The problem doesnt revolve around the fact if the arc falls in C

#

Since by definition its part of C

#

The problem is asking if the "orbit" of said arc will ever intersect the original one.

sour copper
#

if we prove L is dense then that solves it right

glossy zephyr
#

Because we havent proven that the orbit is itself the whole C

#

Ohhhh, yea, i got what you were trying to do previously, the problem is showing that this rotation is positively oriented w/ respect of the original arc position.

sour copper
#

my principle is each step is smaller than our segment

glossy zephyr
#

Yea, thats the problem, thats not needed at all

#

Like, the rotation could be near half a circle

#

while the segment be tiny.

#

The proof of part b) tells you that after some amount of rotations you will eventually get to a rotation thats in magnitude smaller than the length of the arc.

#

But not its direction

sour copper
#

it will be bigger than the rotation if $n$ in $\theta/2^n$ is big enough

soft zealotBOT
sour copper
#

i suppose

sour copper
#

...

#

i am having too much info rn i am scrolling up so often

glossy zephyr
#

Thats kind of why trying to show that the orbit of L is in reality the whole circumference.

#

Since at that points its obvious that there must be some intersection

#

Oh, yea, I found a neat way to tie both ideas. @sour copper

sour copper
#

O.o

#

please do tell

glossy zephyr
#

Okay ill try to have it all as short as possible.

#

First of all, and for the sake of my sanity, i will have this be expressed again in terms of angles and not precisely as subsets of R^2

#

We have from your work on b) that, for some T^m(M), the difference in angle between M and T^m(M) (which we think of as a length of the arc)

#

Must be lower than θ/2^n

#

for any arbitrary n we may choose.

#

Notice, since θ/2^n is quite obviously lower than θ, we can extend this inequality as α < θ

#

where α is again this difference in angle.

#

Now, if θ itself represent a shorter arc than the arc we choose as "L"
Then we follow the x ≤ a i previously mentioned

#

Aka the rotations T by themselves will start to reconform the whole circumference.

#

Now, if x > a, we redefine with the idea of T^m, T^2m, T^km... you previously mentioned, as some form of "composite rotations", that, either positively or negatively will reconform the whole circumference again.

#

You can say that you create a new T' which rotates the arc by α instead of θ

#

Which ties back to the x ≤ a logic.

#

Btw, for the sake of writing this algebraically, try to deal with the length of L as an angle itself.

sour copper
#

okay

#

oh btw i omitted a part during translation, r = 1

#

don't think it's relevant

#

i think it's obvious

glossy zephyr
#

It said unit circle yea

sour copper
#

so in the end i should go like

#

the entirety of C is inside L

glossy zephyr
#

the other way around

sour copper
#

my work not looking too good

#

so after we play with x, i can conclude that

#

i create $T'_\alpha ^m$

soft zealotBOT
#

Amer
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
(You may edit your message to recompile.)

glossy zephyr
#

You can avoid the ' notation if you clarify that alpha is just lesser than theta

#

And the m should be reserved for T_theta

#

Youd have T_theta^m = T_alpha

sour copper
#

we can say that right

glossy zephyr
#

Its not precisely the distance, but yea

sour copper
#

when you said we divide 2pi and theta by pi

#

you meant for theta = xpi + 2pi

glossy zephyr
#

Not really

#

If we say that θ ≠ πq, q in Q

#

Then we can say that θ = πx, x in R\Q

#

Aka its an irrational multiple of pi.

#

And by dividing by pi, we just get x, an irrational number.

sour copper
#

i am not that good in math i am not sure how theta = xpi transaltes to 2 and then [0,a]

glossy zephyr
#

The full circle is 2pi

#

thats where the 2 comes from.

#

Is just measurements in radians

#

[0,a] is the "length" of our arc measured by radians.

#

consider that a isnt alpha, its just some arbitrary measurement

sour copper
#

and nx is a number that gets smaller and hence smaller arcs

#

or wha

glossy zephyr
#

if you assume that x is the irrational multiple that gives place to theta

#

Then + nx is just the arithmetic representation of applying the rotation T "n" times

#

if youre more comfortable with it, you can keep in the π for all the operations.

sour copper
#

so theta = xpi + 2pi is not incorrect

glossy zephyr
#

nope

#

Well, its geometrically equivalent inside the circle

#

but id just keep it as xpi

sour copper
#

after we say

#

we need to elaborate on x whether it be >=a or <a

#

i got a little confused

#

or do we say T_\alpha^m = T_\theta

glossy zephyr
#

Im a bit occupied rn, but my overarching idea was to show that the "orbit of L" = C, as sets of points.
For that, we start from the definition of C itself.

C = { (x,y) ∈ R^2 : x^2 + y^2 = 1 }, which can be rewriten as:
C = { (r,θ) ∈ R^2 : r = 1, θ ∈ [0,2π) } (polar coordinates)
In this frame of reference, we can ignore the radius r and focus on the angles.

We have that an arc L is a subset L = { (r,θ) ∈ C : θ ∈ [0,πa] }, a ∈ R

#

So the angle that the arc L has goes from = 0, to = πa, measured in radians

#

With some rotation T / T_w, were w = xπ, x ∈ R\Q we have that
The "orbit of L" can be defined as the union of all the "rotated arcs"

"orbit" = U_N T^i(L) = { (r,θ) ∈ C : θ ∈ [0,πa] + wn, n ∈ N}

#

Consider that what we used to call "theta" i just wrote as w, since it would conflict with the notation

#

You can keep it as theta anyways

#

And we want to show that this union of rotated arcs is in reality equal to the whole circumference.

#

For that, we divide into two cases.

  1. w ≤ πa: Where its easy to show that one single rotation by T_w generates an arc with an intersection with the previous one, so they reconstruct the whole circumference without any extra consideration.

  2. w > πa: Where you use the conclussion from b) to create a new "composite rotation" T' / T_α, which is what you originally proposed. We have that with some [T_w]^m you get a lower angle than that of the original rotation by "w", so you create [T_w]^m = T_α

#

This is why i previously divided by π, you can see it appears for all angles.

#

And from the use of these smaller rotations T_α, you can apply logic as the case 1.

#

The idea is that from doing multiple rotations with angle theta/w, you can get a smaller "composite" rotation with angle alpha.

sour copper
#

brain not in service

glossy zephyr
#

lmao.

sour copper
#

i need a LOT of time to process that

#

is there any simpler method by any means?

#

can i suppose L is a subgroub of C without showing a proof?

#

or is there something i am missing

glossy zephyr
#

L is a subset of C by definition

#

the orbit of L also is, but we want to show that in reality it eventually becomes the entirety of C

#

Which ensures that the orbit of L intersects L itself.

#

just to be sure you follow, i want to make clear that
L, C, and the orbit of L are 3 "entirely different" objects.

sour copper
#

the orbit is all the arcs where L can be right?

#

which is = C

glossy zephyr
#

More precisely, if you move L by a certain angle theta/w, you get a new arc, which we will call L'

#

The collection of all L' (depending on that angle theta/w) is the orbit of L

sour copper
#

you're giving me all the info i need i just need a LOT of time to get everything as a single solution

glossy zephyr
#

We are interested in showing that for irrational multiples of pi, the orbit of L is equal to the entire circumference

sour copper
#

which we do with not equations, right?

#

i am like, really confused how

#

do i put it down on a piece of paper

#

like everything here makes sense but if i wanna type it out i go fully blank

#

we let there be C' an arc >0 -> 'a' is mod 2 theta -> theta = xpi

glossy zephyr
glossy zephyr
#

We use mod 2 or mod 2pi (depends if you wanna keep in the pi for radians), since angles that go over 2pi can be reduced to a smaller angle.

#

like, 380º = 20º for us.

#

3pi = pi, etc...

sour copper
#

have we assigned a name to the decreasing arc between T(M) and M

glossy zephyr
#

Not really, its just some arc. Doesnt really matter, since we only care for the new angle it creates

#

Its just a way to visualize the concept.

sour copper
#

that makes it way less vague, i needed that

#

so arcs intersect

glossy zephyr
#

If you set it up for n = 1, w = 0.7, you can see how the first arc rotation deviates to about a third of a circle.

#

Now, if you dont change w, you make it n = 3, you can see the third arc rotation (L3), is actually just a smaller rotation from the original arc.

#

On that logic, once you can construct any angle that is shorter than that of the original arc L, you can then cover the whole circumference.

sour copper
#

that makes perfect since

#

but not for me writing it down 😭

#

i am made for equations

glossy zephyr
#

rn i have to study for a chem exam, DM me if you want, once i have more time ill try to write it out if you didnt manage to do it by then.

#

But i assume that the idea should be pretty clear as of now, its just being able to write it down algebraically.

sour copper
#

i will try as hard as i can to word it, but i am likely to fail and dm you 😭

glossy zephyr
#

np. good luck

#

!done

final saddleBOT
#

If you are done with this channel, please mark your problem as solved by typing .close

sour copper
#

.close

final saddleBOT
#
Channel closed

Closed by @sour copper

Use .reopen if this was a mistake.

final saddleBOT
#
Available help channel!

Send your question here to claim the channel.

Remember:
Ask your math question in a clear, concise manner.
Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.
Do not immediately ping people or roles. After 15 minutes, feel free to ping <@&286206848099549185> once.
• Type the command .close to free the channel when you're done.
• Be polite and have a nice day!

Read #❓how-to-get-help for further information on how to ask a good question, and about conduct in the question channels.

stone cradle
#

how do i derivate this?

final saddleBOT
stone cradle
#

i keep failing

willow cliff
#

you mean as in take derivative right?

stone cradle
#

f'(x)

#

i mean that

willow cliff
#

oh ok yeah so u just use the product rule

#

(fg)' = f'g + fg'

#

so take each derivative separately and then just combine em

stone cradle
#

oh wait i might got it

willow cliff
#

i think it should be f'(x) = (2x-2)e^{-x} - (x^2 - 2x + 1)e^{-x} if im not mistaken

stone cradle
#

ye i found what i did wrong

#

thanks

willow cliff
#

np

stone cradle
#

.close

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smoky night
#

Hi everyone

final saddleBOT
worldly spruce
#

Hello Amy

worldly spruce
smoky night
#

Can you help me with that number?

#

I have 5 more similar numbers as well

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@smoky night Has your question been resolved?

haughty jewel
#

.close

worldly spruce
smoky night
#

.close

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keen hare
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keen hare
#

no clie how to even start on this

sacred glacier
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fallen valve
#

Ah sorry for the late reply, I see that makes sense yes. Since if $f$ is continuous on a compact set $E$ then $f(E)$ is compact, (so closed and bounded) and hence it attains its minimum and maximum on it, say the maximum is $c$. And then like you say later, since $B(0, r) \subseteq \overline{B(0, r)}$, so then we know the supremum must be $\leq c$ and since $B(0, r)$ is non empty the supremum exists.

soft zealotBOT
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halcyon night
final saddleBOT
radiant igloo
#

please ask your question.

halcyon night
#

Hi

#

So if we have a formal system

#

Can we prove that it can't have self referential statements

rugged merlin
halcyon night
#

?

rugged merlin
#

you cannot prevent it from having self-referential statements

#

that's what Gödel's whole thing was about

halcyon night
#

Only if it's strong enough right

#

I'm talking about proving weak systems as weak

rugged merlin
#

nvm

halcyon night
#

Yea it only specifically talks of strong systems

rugged merlin
#

yeah welp

halcyon night
slate tiger
halcyon night
upper leaf
#

thank YOU buddha

halcyon night
final saddleBOT
#

@halcyon night Has your question been resolved?

halcyon night
#

What I understand so far is that if a system is incomplete it has to be undecidable but inverse isn't true ducky_skull

#

So in this case the undecidable language is the set of all theorems expressible in the systemducky_skull

#

So like I know how to prove a system is decidable

#

I know how to prove it's incomplete(this would prove undecidability)

#

But how to prove it's complete but undecidable

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#
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alpine dove
#

can anyone help me with these two questions and explain

alpine dove
#

thxxxxx

#

can you help me with the other one

worldly spruce
#

!nosols

final saddleBOT
#

As a helper, please do not give out answers that could be copied as a homework solution. Have the student work through the problem themselves and guide them along the way.

orchid coral
worldly spruce
#

What does 50% mean?

sharp herald
#

well done for reading it out

orchid coral
#

Calculating the value of "50% of 120 litres" is easier than answering the question

alpine dove
#

thx

#

.close

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orchid coral
#

np

worldly spruce
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autumn agate
final saddleBOT
blissful meadow
#

Is equal to what?

#

And what have you tried?

autumn agate
#

i didnt understand where i can begin

autumn agate
rugged merlin
blissful meadow
#

Oh I read it as f(1) + f(2) + f(3)

#

I see

rugged merlin
#

It is just trying to find the functions such that f(1) + f(2) = f(3)

autumn agate
#

yeah

blissful meadow
#

Yeah I just saw the equal sign.

autumn agate
#

can you tell me a beginning step?

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like what i can try

#

or smth

rugged merlin
#

Just go through like each possible value of f(3) and see the possible sums you can have

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There is a pattern to be found

autumn agate
#

i didnt understand

blissful meadow
#

Well f(4) is free to be anything.
And f(3) is determined by f(1) and f(2).

autumn agate
#

really sorry

rugged merlin
autumn agate
#

ohh

#

i think i got it

#

1s

rugged merlin
#

Count all of them up

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How many in total

autumn agate
#

15

rugged merlin
#

for f(4) = 1, you have 15 pairs
For f(4) = 2, you have 15 pairs
For ....

#

How many pairs does it imply in total

autumn agate
#

15 * 6

rugged merlin
#

Congrats; you're done

autumn agate
#

90

#

ohh

#

btw

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i thought of this

#

if i do something like this

#

will i get the solution

#

or did i mess smth up

rugged merlin
#

I dont really understand whats going on in that image I'll be honest

autumn agate
#

nvm

autumn agate
#

but what i tried is

#

in this i took f(3) as 3

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and the values in circles are the possible numbers

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it can be

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but i blundered

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f(1) and f(2)

autumn agate
#

tysm for the help

#

ill close this now

#

.close

final saddleBOT
#
Channel closed

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autumn agate
#

.reopen

final saddleBOT
autumn agate
#

another doubt

#

oh wait i had to use division into groups

patent compass
autumn agate
#

pnc

patent compass
autumn agate
#

i mean i can do smth like this but theres a condition

patent compass
autumn agate
#

S1 cant be in x

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n stuff

proper dagger
#

!nosols as a gentle reminder, in case you're going to provide the whole answer

final saddleBOT
#

As a helper, please do not give out answers that could be copied as a homework solution. Have the student work through the problem themselves and guide them along the way.

autumn agate
patent compass
autumn agate
#

ight

patent compass
autumn agate
#

what exactly do i do

#

like can i use set theory in this

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or smth

#

idk

patent compass
autumn agate
#

wht did u do exactly

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like the initial step

patent compass
#

I'm trying

autumn agate
#

ah ok

#

ill do a diff q till then

patent compass
#

We can say s_3, s_4, ...., s_9 can in any of the teams.

autumn agate
#

yeah

patent compass
#

Les leave s_2 and s_1 for now

autumn agate
#

and what to do with the other 7

patent compass
patent compass
#

60 for Y team

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And Z we will have

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4 seats

slate tiger
#

wsup dawg

patent compass
slate tiger
autumn agate
slate tiger