#help-28
1 messages · Page 237 of 1
the radius is reflected along the x axis
oh shit i see ur right
what do you mean by this
im having trouble conceptualizing that
if you plot from 0 to π, you already have the circle
π to 2π traces over the same circle again
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Partial fractions problem, I figure how find B but with A I need set up equal to polynomial to figure it’s coefficient but idk how to
I grouped it
$\frac{3}{2}\frac{3-x}{x+1} - 3\frac{3-x}{2x-1}$
Shoshir
For a 2nd degree rational polynomial $P\left(x\right)$, $\frac{N\left(x\right)}{P\left(x\right)}$ $A \cdot P_1\left(x\right) + B\cdot P_2\left(x\right) = N\left(x\right)$ where $P_1 \times P_2 = P\left(x\right)$, $A = \frac{N\left(x\right)}{P_1\left(P_2^{-1}\left(0\right)\right)}, \quad B = \frac{N\left(x\right)}{P_2\left(P_1^{-1}\left(0\right)\right)}$ so $\frac{A}{P_1\left(x\right)} + \frac{B}{P_2\left(x\right)} = \frac{N\left(x\right)}{P\left(x\right)}$
Shoshir
im sorry i sorta dont understand this 😦
i figured it out tho!
i grouped it wrong, so i redid it
@honest quest Has your question been resolved?
suck my d
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how do i solve part d?
use the error or remainder formula for taylor series
i know the error bound formula but dont know use it
i checked your pdf but still dont know how to do it
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Why can we not find C for this power series representation?
maybe cuz theres no initial condition
that's not the issue
in previous examples we could set x = 0 and solve for C for the power series
in this one we cannot
show the previous examples
??? there's no bounds on the integral
uh yeah but the thing you are evaluating with a power series isnt
so we have the initial condition
c is 0
so the fact that im trying to evaluate a power series representation of a function vs an integral of a function determines whether or not I ave an initial condition?
because 1/(1+0) = 1
yes because the integral is indefinite and will have a +c when you evaluate it whereas the standalone function doesn't have a +c to solve for
so I have to solve for C because the initial function doesn't have a C (it has to match), wheresas with the indefinite integral, I can't solve for C because it's an integral
you cant solve for c because it doesnt ask you to find the particular solution and doesnt give you the initial condition
an intial condition would be like f(1) = 3 so now you have a point to anchor the integral to
right, I get that. I just guess the fact that we had to solve for C for when the initial function is not an integral is throwing me off for when the initial function is an integral
i think your teacher or whoever is just doing it for completeness since you expressed the function as an integral of a power series
@atomic hare I appreciate your help ^-^
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Hello! I’m struggling with understand where my error of understanding is in this problem. I have my notes included in the following two images and the question is the first image.
I will be sitting in the chat ready to quickly reply as to not waste your time!
Nope. Your arithmetic's correct, but you didn't assign 25° to the correct angle. What is the definition of an angle of depression?
I thought a depression means to go downwards innit?
Indeed. In your diagram, we'll say that the top of the lighthouse is located at the highest vertex of the triangle. If there's an individual looking down towards the ship, then we'd get the angle of depression (ϴ), as ϴ is the angle formed from the horizontal line of sight and the diagonal distance from the ship to this person.
Okay Im with you so far 
Therefore, it doesn't make much sense that you've assigned ϴ to the angle which is not between the line of sight and this distance. For starters, you've 'ought to draw this line of sight, as it is independent from the triangle itself.
In total, you should have 4 lines for your diagram, so you are already quite close.
So we have the triangle
sides abc
a = 179
This 4th line is the 25deg depression Im assuming?
If Im understand you correctly Im actually no longer understanding anymore.
That's alright. This is, of course, a problem which can be completed with ease through visuals. I would recommend drawing it out instead of describing it.
"a" by itself cannot be 179-ft. It is simply a point on the triangle (but you can ignore this last part if these specifics are too confusing!).
"From the top of a 175ft light house" would insinuate that a would be 175 no? Especially if we are looking at a ship from the top of it ?
Edit: Im still not understanding how angle assignment is incorrect
Close, but not quite. It implies that the distance between a and another vertex in the triangle is 179-ft. A single point cannot have a distance. I'll provide you with an example to help.
Thank you for the wisdom!
Here's a problem, admittedly, very similar to the one which you're grappling with. Does it make sense if I tell you that the height of the building is AB = 50, and not A = 50?
Awesome. And you see that horizontal line extending from the man's head? We call that the horizontal line of sight. When a person looks down to observe something (i.e., point c in the photo), we form an angle from this straight line, and we call it the angle of depression.
No, it does. A single point doesn't equal the length of the side. We need two points to calculate a distance. Think of the Distance Formula.
d= square root of (x2-x1)^2 + (y2-y1)^2?
Im sorta sad that individually everythign is making sense but something just just not connecting
Even the image makes sense
Am I interpreting correctly?
Not to worry. As long as you find an interpretation that clicks for you, specifically, every single definition will begin to make sense.
And yes, that is the Distance Formula. I was simply pointing it out because you can't calculate a distance if you only have (x_1, y_1). Does that make sense?
Absolutely! You've got it!
Take note about something interesting about the base of the triangle and this horizontal line of sight: they are both parallel to one another. Do you know what that must mean for one of the angles in your triangle?
So then I’m assuming these labels would be fine too?
OH MAN…
Sure. You can write it like that.
The light has been lit in my brain from the light house problem
LOL
So the angle of depression made a 90 degree angle
No
My eyes see it but my mind is organizing it still
We're close...remember, only perpendicular lines create 90 degree angles. When a transversal crosses through two, parallel lines so that we have interior angles formed on alternating sides, what can we say about those two angles?
Since we have an angle depresison of 25 degees and that is where the boat is located we are trying to figure out how far the boat is from teh base of the lighthouse
Which allows us to draw a line from the boat to the base
The 25 depression comes from the point that is at the top of the light house which is 175ft high
This depression can only exist from the horizontal line of vison since the boat [obviously] isnt in front of us but its our reference point [ a straight line]
We sorta just made a rectangle
Which gives us a 90 degree angle which means that we should be doing trig from the 90 degree angle we made right?
Can we attribute the height of this "vision triangle" to 175ft high?
Yep, we did. But we're focusing on this triangle which is a part of this rectangle, because that'll give us the distance between the boat and the lighthouse.
Yes, usage of Trig Ratios. But you cannot use SOHCAHTOA on a 90 degree angle; you have to use it with one of the other, two angles.
Much obliged. And the given illustration is very much correct—you can absolutely use that second triangle formed on the right-hand side, but if you'd like to take the conventional (and faster) approach, I would recommend proving that one of the angles in the triangle on the left-hand side is equal to the angle of depression.
the angles of a triangle add up to 180 innit?
Yes.
hi
No worries. Are you familiar with theorems involving parallel lines?
just a question
Lets just say I dont and run me through it, Im taking notes as we are speaking.
isint it 179 feet?
It is, but I dont care to correct it more concerned about understanding hte concept at this point
Now I am here 😭
Thank you!
just another suggestion why dont u name the corners of the triangles
its good practice and makes it ease to understnad
Sure thing. Here are four categories of angles which are formed when a transversal crossed through parallel lines. Focus on the angles D, F, G, and J, as those angles utilize the same rule which you need for this problem.
The convention is to label vertices as one-letter variables, but I'm not too picky with notation for beginners. He's got the idea down, and he's simply referring to the sides of the triangle as you would in the Pythagorean Theorem.
OH
Check this out. This is the alternate interior angles theorem. Did it click for you?
Now I understand what oyu meant when you said I attributed theta from the wrong angle
The angle was supposed to come from the direction of the ship innit?
But I had to use those rules to do so?
👍
Yes!
Using the theorems of parallel lines allows you the reach the conclusion of which angle is equal to the angle of depression! It's quite fascinating, like detective work.
@crystal cloud ,what website are you using for this type of questions
btw polinski he can just use the 65 right why r u teaching him this
Of course he can. But he wouldn't have been able to deduce that the angle was 65 if he didn't already know that the angle in the bottom right corner was 25.
This is a failed assesment that I had from my asyncronus class.
I get to have two tries so im trying to understand what I got wrong to get a better grade for the next run.
I got a 70% last time I passed but I need As so going to try again after I understand what i got wrong here.
Okay
All the best
Yes, it does. But we can prove that the triangles are similar through parallel lines.
Am I understand worse or better friends?
The triangles are obviously similar, but it is not wise to assume anything in mathematics. Teaching how to prove similarity (or in this case, congruency) in triangles is vital and not something to gloss over.
Yep, you've got it. But remember, it's 179, not 175.
TRUE LOL
lmao
Clearly I have computational power
Just the understanding of the concepts kill me
But I can understand Torque vectoring and statics conceptually completely fine
Cool! I'm in Engineering too. Don't worry, if you can understand the higher-level mathematics, it should only be simple review for you going backwards.
Am I cooked?
which year are yall in?
My first ever semester Im a HS dropout
whats hs?
179/0.4663076587 💀
Right, you've got it. Isolate b now.
Shh Im writing fast bruv
Wait guys... I feel a bit stupid...
I have some huge gaps in my brain
Im just realizing this
HOW tf do I isolate that
Take the multiplicative inverse of "0.466307..." on both sides.
With the help of amazing friends I have learned new things.
If I’m finding the distance of the SHIP to the base of the triangle I need the angle that comes from the ship to even attempt to find the measurement I’m looking for.
Then everything else is simply understand angle relationships
Hm, not necessarily. But we don't have to get precise at the beginning. Just keep in mind that you need either angle inside the triangle which is not the 90 degree angle, and another (or two!) side lengths in-order to calculate similar prompts.
Main issue is that i conflated the 25 depreciation for an angle that is literally 25 degrees in the original triangle I made.
When the depreciation actually comes from a horizontal vision line since we "have to look down"
Yep, yep. You got that part down. And you're right in the case of angle relations, nicely done!
Thanks guys! everyone getting FQs now shoutouts to my engineering majors
Imma start helping people in here w problems too so I can start getting more reps
Because MAN its needed.
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Can someone explain how lagrangrs therum is usdd
lagrange's theorem tells you x^(mp^n) = e
so x^sm raised to the power of p^n is e, which means x^sm is in H
similarly, x^tp^n is in K
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@hallow oxide is there anything you've tried? what do you need help with specifically?
Question 12
ive tried everything
not able to find out the answer
I figured, but is there any step/sub problem you're stuck with or you can't do anything out of the three problems
(a,b,c)
i cant do any of them including a,b,c i dont know wherd to start or anything im clue,ess
ah
alright, so beginning with the first one
since the we're working with a box, the faces of the box are rectangles right?
and we know the length of the diagonal of the bottom face, and one of it's sides
so we can figure out the other side by using the pythagorean theorem since if we divide a rectangle using it's diagonal, we get two right angled triangles
Now using this you can figure out the "length of the other edge"
and we know that length is also it's height
yes
then you can just solve for volume using length into base into height resulting in the volume
after getting this, you can differentiate wrt x and solve for max volume
hope that's clear
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Thought I knew how to do this and I got some nice numbers but apparently its wrong 😔
A is obviously (0, 3)
The vertex is -(-4)/(2)(1) which is x = 2
subbing in x = 2 into the parabola gives -1
So T is (2, -1)
so far so good
Then we can see that the x value of T is in between A and B so B must have an x value of 4
So B is (4, 3)
So A is (0, 3), B is (4, 3) and T is (2, -1)
All good yeah
I then want to calculate the slope of the blue line, because it would give us the inverse slope of the red line
(-1-3)/(2-0) = slope m
so the slope is -2
Which gives us the slope of the red line 1/2
I believe you're overcomplicating it
Ok but 1 moment I will just finish showing what I did
Just recall the general equation of a circumference, i.e. x²+y²+ax+by+c=0
Yeah sure
Then to get the equation of the red line we sub in the point B (4, 3)
3 = (4)(1/2) + c
c = 1
So the equation of the red line is y = x/2 + 1
Then we do the same for the other side, but we already know the slope of the red line is -1/2
So subbing in A (0, 3) into the equation of the line we get 3 = (0)(-1/2) + c
giving us the equation y = -x/2 + 3
Then we take the 2 equations of the 2 lines we got, y = -x/2 + 3 and y = x/2 + 1 and set them equal
-x/2 + 3 = x/2 + 1
so x = 2
Then subbing x = 2 into y = x/2 + 1 gives us 2 again
So our midpoint should be (2, 2)
Then for the radius its just the distance formula from A (0,3)
sqrt((2 - 3)^2 + (2 - 0)^2)
sqrt(1 + 4)
= sqrt(5)
So our final equation should be
(x - 2)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 5
But they wanted something else...
Which step went wrong?
I'm not sure which method it is the one you used, honestly
Just found the intersection of the 2 red lines in the 2 images
That should be our midpoint right?
Yes, but I don't think it's guaranteed to be the center of the circle
Ok maybe we forget my way, can you explain this lol it seems way easier 😄
If it was the center of the circle, it's distance between A and T would be the same, which in this case doesn't look like, right?
It was very rough, but yeah I guess youre right
I've got a lesson in few mins sorry
Do you know the name of the method so I can maybe watch a video on it?
I suggest you do this, btw
And you'll get a system of 3 equations in 3 unknowns (the parameters a, b, c)
It doesn't have a name, just make each of the three points satisfy the equation of the circumference
I can do it but I care more about understanding what I do then getting the answer hehe
But like what can I search in youtube to find a video on it
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Hi guys im having trouble with some trigonometric expressions. I tried asking chatgpt and deepseek but they use rsin and similar which i havent done. Ill send pics of what i have done and what example i have to do. As you can see i was trying to find a common denominator to have below the line but im not sure how to proceed or if thats even the correct way
it's okay it happens
what do you have to do
what is the question g
Oof sorry
1/sin10°-sqrt(3)/cos10°=4
Also i cannot just use numerical forms of sine and cosine
first take LCM
then i think you'll have to multiply and divide by root (a^2+b^2)
i hope u know this?
@honest roost Has your question been resolved?
Uh i kind of did it but im not sure its the right way.
woahohoo
nice to meet ya broo
i did it
i nearly completed the entire syllabus of maths
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? 💀
did u complete circles,quadratic equation n stat?
ye bro same
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I need help, ill claim this channel so I can write out my question without the channel dissapearing again
stat not done, others done
stat, probaility and trigonometry left, lol i love maths
I need help with this game dev math, I am using image projection to map my pixel art onto objects which will later be used for shading and simple lighting. now i want to render the scene pixel perfect so i have my reference reoslution and all thats left to do is snap the camera movment to a set increment. Example for the x axis since that was easy as the x axis doesnt get stretched while projecting. i know that the x axis contains 32pixels/m so i know i need to move the camera in game in 1/32m increments. My question is how i would go about calculating the increment for the Z axis since thos pixels are distorted by the ortographic projection
game dev, aah yeah
okay, can you tell in simple words, what u tryna achieve?
Im trying to get the pixelated textures on the objects to perfectly allign with the low resolution camera
or even simpler, pixel perfect rendering
so, the probelm on Z axis
because their screen-space or whateevr it is called, it gets compressed
in orthographic projection
is that
objects far away appear smaller
No nerd, fully extrovert
still
i've completed dark souls 1,2,3
black myth wukong
the last of us
1
All The GTAs
Play minecraft with friends daily
U completed half of concise 😭
Manhunt 1,2
damn
doesn't matter, not done any other subject
well, its better to DM
I only completed 2
yep, its the average speed
matrices n banking
sure
nice
@cursive torrent okay i was just distracted
so the basic solution u can do is
find scale factor for the Z axis
scale factor is how much the pixels will be compressed due to this distance
General formula - (u may know it)
1/(Z of object - Z of camera)
then, find the pixel increment
i have never heard of that formula
well it might work but i don't understand what it does
If you know that the camera moves in 1/32 meter increments on the X-axis
the same kind of idea can apply to the Z-axis, but we have to adjust for the scale factor due to the projection
yes but no matter what i tried i couldnt calculate the correct increment
could the issue be that the pixels along the y axis are less stretched than those on the z axis ?
okay thats an issue
i guess this happens because Y-axis projection is typically not influenced by the camera's Z position in terms of scaling
Z-axis projection does influence how pixels are mapped onto the object’s surface
To fix this
uhh
You can keep Y-axis resolution consistent
project from a 45° angle ?
but i dont know how TT
yes absolutely
you can fix the pixel stretching by using a perspective projection instead of an orthographic projection
but listen up,
perspective projection
I dont think so, that would just stretch it even more and way worse
causes distortion of textures
._.
okay so
lets do it step by step thenn
firstly check that the camera moves in fixed increments on z axis
use the formula
1/z of object - z of camera for the scale factor
what exactly do you mean with z ?
you mean z coordinate ?
yes
and what do you mean with scale factor ?
in this context
The scale factor describes how much the pixel resolution of the object will change due to its distance from the camera
its orthographic man, the distance doesn't matter at all
okay, i really need to understand from core
whats important is the increment of the cameras coordinates so the camera alligns with the objects textures
orthographic projection means no depth scaling
The camera should move along the Z-axis in increments of 1/32 meters
to maintain pixel perfect rendering
you need to snap the camera's Z - position to a grid that corresponds to the pixel resolution of your texture
eg the 1px is 1m then youd use an increment of 1 aka the camera can only use whole numbers as its position that way you will never have the pixel art missaligned what would result in weird anti aliasing or stretching of certain pixels
that is only for the x axis, as i said earlier. but for the z axis im not sure how to calculate the value
nah im closing this stupid help thing, instead of working on the problem im just wasting my time hearing other people repeat my problem and trying to explain my problem
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can anyone proove me why the definite integral always gives the area under the curve between two points a and b
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original message is in different channel now
You'll need another channel, but really the integral is sort of defined such that it computes the area under a curve.
can I repost my question?
ya
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Can someone help me understand trigonometry? Like it's a little biased and i cant figure out how do i make this ab = bc = ac thingies when i have other triangles. And finding like their distance between each angle.
it's a little what
i see
Intro to trig with a lurking mystery about cos(x)^2
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Contents:
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One more thing. I am having trouble with another problem in regards to orthogonal trajectories. How do I separate k out of this one?
y = x / 1 + kx
is it y = x/(1 + kx)?
you could just multiply through I guess
y + kyx = x
y' + k(y + xy') = 1
k = (1 - y')/(y + xy')
and sub that back in
Got it. I felt really dumb not knowing how to get k out of that problem @_@
Thank you once again.
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This is from homomorphisms and im a little confused. To clarify, the $\Phi^{-1}$ is not a reverse map as homomorphisms do not need to be bijective right
BOSS
as in, there is no bijective map from $H_2$ to the preimmage of $H_2$
BOSS
Yeah, $\phi^{-1}(H_2) = {g \in G_1 : \phi(g) \in H_2}$
ucheo
Ok, bet. So there is not nessisarely a bijective map from $H_2 \rightarrow \Phi^{-1} (H_2)$
BOSS
No. If there were, then $\phi$ would be injective in $H_2$.
wha
ucheo
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can someone show me the steps of doing this
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hi
multivariable calculus question on inverse function theorem
Charky
and to do that we find if the partial derivatives are continouos at 0, 0
which i did limit of partial derivatives to 0, 0 = partial derivative at 0, 0
but my problem is
the inverse function theprem requires C1 around 0, 0
which means it has to have cont partial derivatives everywhere around 0, 0
am i doing that even tho i am only looking at cont partial derivatives of 0, 0?
also forgot to mention i found the determinant of jacobian not equal to 0 but i am confused about the C1 part mostly
@keen phoenix Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
my understanding is yes, you need to impose this
however note that it only really matters on the line x=0
since it is obviously continuously differentiable off of the line
so i would show that the 2partial derivatives for only F_1 not all 4 at (0, y) are continouos? aka limit to (0, y) = partial derivative at this point (0, y)? and then it will be sufficient
yes, but i am now realizing this should look basically the same as the statement for continuity at (0,0)
so really there is not much to show
well (0,0) is already of the form (0,y)
so you can just generalize your argument
right
since y=0 is not special like x=0 is
np
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✅
new problem i guess
what does local inverse mean exactly
i understand local inverse is different to global inverse, cuz local inverse everywhere does not mean global inverse
but what does the inverse function theorem tell us
consider $f(x) = x^3$
Charky
the derivative is 3x^2, which is 0 at x = 0
but then inverse function theorem says no local inverse
but there is a global inverse cube root x
there are open sets U containing a and V containing f(a) and a function g:V -> U such that...
ye but why is it different to global inverse
look at x^2
like why is there no local inverse here
it doesn't have a global inverse
but around every point you can find a local inverse (except at the vertex)
but then x^3 does not have a local inverse at x = 0
why not vertex tho
wouldnt either inverse defintion like sqrt(x) be ok there
because no matter how small you pick your neighbourhood around x = 0
you always go up on both sides
aka not surjective
aka not bijective
aka the jacobian is not invertible
as far as i can tell, the inverse function theorem never states the converse
this is not invertible for the other reason
its jacobian doesn't exist at x = 0
oh
but why
for x^2 the jacobian is 0 aka singular aka not invertible
well it's not differentiable at x^3
oh wait
yet no local inverse at x =0
it does have a local inverse
doesnt make sense
i got confused
so the inverse function theorem is not exhaustive
yeah
.close
this is correct
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Hi I'm in step (d) any idea? Brain hurt. Thank you 🙂
hi?
I am stuck on (d). brain hurt. Thank ou 🙂
Suppose $d_n$ is the number of $n$-digit numbers that don't contain the digit ' 3 ' twice in a row.\\
(a) Compute $d_1, d_2$, and $d_3$ by explicitly counting the sequences described (you don't have to list them, but you should have a counting argument).
\\\\
(b) Use a counting argument to show that $d_n=9\left(d_{n-1}+d_{n-2}\right)$ when $n \geq 3$.
\\\\
(c) Use the recurrence from (b) to find values for $d_4, d_5$, and $d_6$.
\\\\
(d) Use the initial conditions and recurrence you found in (a) and (b) to find the generating function \\$D(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} d_n x^n$ as a rational function in $x$.
\\\\
(f) What is your closed formula for $d_n$ ? Compare the values given by your formula to the ones found earlier.
\\\\
HINT: you during the partial fraction step, you will need to use partial fraction long divison.
\\\\
For reference:\\
$d_0 = 1, d_1 = 9, d_2 = 89, d_3 = 882, d_4 = 8739, \\d_5 = 857,952$
$d_n - 9d_{n-1} - 9d_{n-2} = 0$, so suppose $d_n = k^n$ for some real number $k$. then you end up with the quadratic
$k^2 - 9k - 9 = 0$
solve for $k$, and then $d_n$ is a linear combination of the two solutions you get, i.e.
$d_n = ak_1^n + bk_2^n$
solve for $a$ and $b$ using your initial conditions, then use geometric series to solve for $D(x)$
doaby
my brain, sorry actually i pasted it not there. theres an (e) part thats the one I need help with! sorry!
for (D) i got
$D(x) = \dfrac{-x^2 + 1}{1-9x-9x^2}$ <- I checke it with wolfram and it looks good
now, (e) says the following:
(e) Use partial fractions to take D(x) apart into simpler pieces, and find a series representation of D(x).
bnn
take out a -9 from the denominator, so you'll have
$\frac{x^2-1}{9(x^2+x-1/9)}$.
then solve for the roots of $x^2+x-1/9 = 0$ and rewrite it as $(x-r)(x-s)$, where $r, s$ are your roots. then you can do partial fractions. that's not the way they suggest but it's probably easier...
doaby
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i might need help with the last two
@little plover Has your question been resolved?
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Differentiation
what did i do wrong help
final answer
$uv'$ should just be $3x^2 \cdot \frac{2x}{\sqrt{2x^2 + 3}}$
south
wait
yeah you didn't divide everything by sqrt(2x^2 + 3)^2 = (2x^2 + 3)
can u show me where it is i cant tell
where what is?
that was my denominator
yeah then you need brackets around the entire thing
ohh
okay let me fix it on your diagram
otherwise it would only
Denominator should be squared
multiply with one term
That's the only mistake
Not using brackets is a poor choice, but you didn't let it affect your answer
it should look like this right
no square root because it cancels out
o
correct
damn calculus
but it does make it really hard to read
like if you've been accidentally marked wrong, this is probably why
Yes I would personally mark against that
yeah so if you divide by sqrt(2x^2 + 3) and not (2x^2 + 3)
you end up needing to divide by an extra sqrt(2x^2 + 3)
Still, well done, this is a complicated derivative
the denominator would be $(2x^2 + 3)^1 \cdot (2x^2 + 3)^{1/2}$ and hence
south
that's how you can fix your work
$\frac{y'}{y} = \frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{2} \frac{4x}{2x^2 + 3}$ go brrr
south
logarithmic differentiation
yes
no worries!
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limit of a sum = integral?
$a_n = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-k^2}}$
Ann
we take $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}$
blahaquil
i got up to there but i dont know how to proceed
is there some trigonometric substitution?
Smells riemann sum
Factor by n² inside the sqrt
Take it out
And then you will have the 1/n waited
Now idenitfy the a,b of the riemann sum
did you turn it into an integral
wait on further thought i don't think i really understand this
like just as a riemann sum?
ohk
$\int_{a}^{b} f(x) \mathrm{d}x = \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{i=0}^{n} f(x_{i}) \delta x$
math X meth ✓
hmm
factor out a 1/n from the inside of the sum
that way you can get delta x
and identify x_k
<@&268886789983436800> scam
so like \begin{align*}
a_n &= \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-k^2}}\
&=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\overbrace{\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\left(\frac{k}{n}\right)^2}}}^{f(x_i)}\frac{1}{n}\
\end{align*}
i canNOT do latex
blahaquil
yes
man i really need to review my foundations
,tex $\text{so, } x_{k} = a + i \Delta x
\Delta x = \frac{b-a}{n}
\text{ from here you can try and guess values of a and b, and then simplify}
$
math X meth ✓
Compile Error! Click the
reaction for more information.
(You may edit your message to recompile.)
what did i type incorrectly
something with the $$
oh well
$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\overbrace{\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\left(\frac{k}{n}\right)^2}}}^{f(x_i)}\frac{1}{n}=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x_k^2}}\Delta x\text{ where $a$ and $b$ are probably let's say like 0 and 1? we know }b=a+1\text{ i guess?}$
blahaquil
im definitely getting something wrong here i think
yeah, so
x_k = k/n
not squared
we know that delta x = 1/n, and so this looks like the form k delta x
only thing missing is a lower bound a
however, this looks like 0 + k delta x, so you can set a = 0
pretty standard from there
so its $\int_0^1 \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} dx$? and then just trig sub blah blah blah?
blahaquil
yep
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Consider a > b.
By Euclid's lemma of division, a = bx + r for some integers x and r where 0 <= r < b.
Divide the L.H.S and the R.H.S by b, and we get:
(a/b) = x + r/b
Lemma (Forget the variables mentioned here, they are just for the sake of this lemma): If (b,c) = d, then (ac+b, c) = d
That is, if we have a + b/c where b/c is reducible by d, combing the terms to form a single fraction (ac + b)/c, we have that (ac + b)/c reducible by d.
Proof: Let (b,c) = d.
K = a + b/c = a + dk/dl where b = dk and c = dl. So (l,k) = 1
K = a + dk/dl = (adl + dk)/(dl)
We need to prove that (adl + dk, dl) = d
K = (adl + dk)/(dl) = ((adl + dk)/d)/(dl/d) = (al + k)/l
We basically need to prove that (al + k, l) = 1
Let (al + k, l) = d_0
d_0 divides l and (al + k). So d_0 divides k.
So d_0 is a common factor of k and l. The only common factor of k and l is 1. So d_0 = 1
Since d_0 = (al + k, l) = 1, (al + k)/l is irreducible.
(al+k)d/l(d) is reducible by only d, because after reducing it by d, we can't reduce it further. So (ald + dk)/(dl) is reducible only by d.
So (ald+ dk, dl) = d
Putting c = dl and b = dk, we get:
(ac + b, c) = d
So we have proven that if (b,c) = d, then (ac + b, c) = d
Exeunt.
Coming back to our original equation, we had:
a/b = x + r/b
Consider x + r/b.
Let (b, r) = d
By our lemma (bx + r, b) = d
Since a = bx + r, we have (a, b) = d = (b, r)
If a > b, then we can write a = bx + r
We have proved that (a, b) = (b, r).
Q. Is this a correct proof of Euclid's division algorithm?
Exeunt.
who are the people exiting?
other than that, yes, it looks sound.
wordy, but there are no "jumps out at me"-level errors.
@stuck loom
looks correct
Thanks y'all.
It's obvious.
I should keep a Mathematics diary for all of this s*it.
.close
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@cold nebula Has your question been resolved?
log(50) = log(5)+log(10)
base 10
now try to write log(5) in terms of a again
yeah thats it
yeah ig
better to make a new one
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help with 2d vector 2d transformation and boolean algebra
thats the least specific thing ever
this isn't a search engine
or gpt
well i was hoping someone could explain these in detail so i could ask more follow up question. but obv thats doesnt seem like something you do
still not clear on what you want explained, ur original message is very unspecific
sorry, its currently within computer archetecture, learning about things above. within the 2d transformation i need to Produce an Excel spreadsheet demonstrating the implementation of 2D transformations (translation, rotation, reflection in axes, scaling and shear) applied to a 2D vehicle of your choice. however im not looking for an answer, im more looking for someone to help explain how to achieve the answer
google it.
i already have, but i find easier to do it through virbal communication where i can ask plenty of specific follow up questions. its how i work.
i mean if u cant i get it.
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if a point divides a line segment in a negative ratio why does it mean that it divides the line that ratio externally?
what?
yeah, it means that tht point lies on tht extension of the line formed by the other two pts
why
@silver ruin Has your question been resolved?
you can understand this using "linearity of area of triangles"
as described in the answer for my math.SE question
https://math.stackexchange.com/q/4437117
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Hello
Is there a way to make an unknown irrational number a rational one via some operation? For example by multiplication, exponentiation or something else?
without changing the value of the irrational number, no
Of course it should change, it can be any other value, as long as it is smaller
let b be that number, b/b is rational 
Please show the original problem, exactly as it was stated to you, with the entire original context. A picture or screenshot is best. If the original problem is not in English, then post it anyway! The additional context might still be helpful. Do your best to provide a translation.
multiply by 0
Ok, my bad for not restricting the condition initially as best as I could
The new number should be between 0 and the irrational number
you want a rational approximation?
cuz "make a number rational" is super vague tbh
what's the original task that requires you to do such a thing
simply use the axiom of choice and decide what you want it to be
I am trying to prove that right limit of f(x) does not exist around 0
and f(x) is 1 if x is irrational, and 0 if x is rational
what's f(x) here
now we are talking
are you doing an epsilon-delta proof?
Hint: in any neighbourhood, there are infinitely many irrationals
(and rationals)
I figured that one didn't need to be explicitly said but yes that too
Well I handled the case when epsilon is rational
as I multiply it by sqrt(2)/2 to make it irrational
but if epsilon is irrational, I am not sure how to proceed
the limit does not exist i guess
that's what he is trying to prove
You don't need to try different cases of epsilon
Remember the defintion: for ALL epsilon greater than 0, there exists a delta....
If you can prove that there is just one epislon that does not have a corresponding delta, you have proven the limit does not exist
sooo just use a case of Epsilon that delta does not exist
So if you've already handled the case where epsilon is rational, you're done
you can do the inverse
can you show your work so far?
if for all Epsilon there exists delta
the reverse if for one Epsilon then all delta does not work
so delta is the rational
we need to make Epsilon a function of delta
I don't fully understand what you're saying, but it's definitely not correct in this case
You don't need to make epsilon anything, that is the point. Epsilon can be arbitrary and you just have to show there is no such delta that satisfies the definition
thats what I meant
it's 1 at rational and 0 if irrational
or reversed
so what is our value
perhaps 0
I have that if epsilon is rational, then I get 2 numbers, f(epsilon/2) = 0, f(epsilon * sqrt(2) / 2) = 1. Then there is no epsilon-band that satisfies both values. And I decided to prove that case where epsilono is not rational
why would that matter isnt an inequality
Try letting $\epsilon = x$, where $x$ is a small number that's easy to work with, like 1/4, and see where you go from there
Oliver
By the definition, your next line should then be $|f(x)-L| < 1/4$. Then try bounding L according to the conditions of the indicator function
Oliver
You should get something like for rational values of $x$, $L$ has to be in interval $(a,b)$ and for irratioanl values of $x$, $L$ has to be in the interval $(c,d)$ where $(a,b) \cup (c,d) = \varnothing$
Oliver
In other words, you should get two boundaries that have no overlap. Thus $L$ cannot exist
Oliver
use a real numbers
what value of x are we approaching
I say zero lol
cause its easy
Honestly I am not sure how a proper proof would look like from these answers
The limit is 0 from the right, but you shouldn't be doing questions for people anyway
I have a picture of what I mean lol
⚠️ (Converses of statements like these are very “volatile”, I would not recommend saying this.)
So first pick some small real value of $\epsilon$ obviously greater than 0.
Now notice you have $|f(x)-L| < \epsilon$.
Next observe that $x \in \mathbb{Q} \rightarrow f(x) = 1$ and thus you have $|1-L| < \epsilon$.
Similarly for $x \not\in \mathbb{Q} \rightarrow f(x)=0$ and thus you have $|0-L| < \epsilon$.
Finally prove that these cannot both be true
Idk what the compile error is that looks perfect to me 🤷♂️
“Epislon”
OHHH
Oliver
So it reads it correctly by default
well now i feel like an fool 😔
There are...worse errors.
so that's not a converse statement
I can follow your logic and proved L can't exist for |1 - L| < e and |0 - L| < e
So thank you very much for your help
but I think now I am curious if there is a way to generate a random rational number between 0 and some random irrational number?
Is that the same thing Oliver mentioned earlier? Using the axiom of choice over the set of real numbers between 0 and n (n being that irrational number)?
yeah
are you playing with that axiom
you don't have to
the axiom of choice is from what I understand is if you pick a whole bunch of sets one element from them you have a new set
that you can make a unique set from choices
but we just have two subsets of the real numbers irrational and rational
and if x is part of one set or the other set and if they can't fit that's a problem
@undone wave Has your question been resolved?
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Suppose that the acceleration of a particle is a function of x, given by the following expression:
$a = 2s^{-2}x$
Knowing that its speed is 0 when x = 1m, find the speed of the particle when x = 3m
ransik (gmdn)
(s is just the unit for seconds)
so we know:
$v = \frac{dx}{dt}$ and $a=\frac{dv}{dt}$
ransik (gmdn)
ransik (gmdn)
$a=\frac{dv}{dt} \frac{dx}{dx}$
ransik (gmdn)
$a=v \frac{dv}{dx}$
ransik (gmdn)
in terms of s?
Oh
wheres the m then
m will come from us solving for x through integration
that's a's unit
if you integrate the accleration twice you'll get the displacement. You also integrate once and you get velocity
Looks good
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i only understand what orthonormal basis is, i have no idea what the soltuion is
which part is confusing you?
what w is and the solution for b)
whats k, unit vector?
what exactly does b) prove
although the method is specific to that particular basis (since it was computed directly)
that formula applies to all orthonormal bases
basically it means that you can write r as having components in the u, v, and w directions (the same way we normally write it as having components in the x, y, and z directions)
and that those components are just the dot product with that particular basis vector
dot product of r?
dot product of r and each basis vector, yes
r = r dot a basis vector? what does this represent
,align \vb r &= x \vb i + y \vb j + z \vb k \
&= (\vb r \cdot \vb i)\vb i + (\vb r \cdot \vb j)\vb j + (\vb r \cdot \vb k)\vb k \
&= (\vb r \cdot \vb u)\vb u + (\vb r \cdot \vb v)\vb v + (\vb r \cdot \vb w)\vb w
cloud
so we can break up r into components, either traditionally in the x, y, and z-directions, or into the new directions represented by u, v, w
r = (its component along direction u) * u + (its component along direction v) *v + (its component along direction w) * w
so like 3 new axis?
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Plsss help idk what mistake I made
didnt they just not change the bounds properely
still wrong to write it that way but you do undo it, ill keep looking
all the way at the top
all they did was swap them
i could be wrong tho
havent done this in like 6 months
i think its fine purely because the limits arent functions of variables
,w integrate cos(2x+y), x from 0 to pi/4, y from pi/4 to pi/2
cos(pi)=-1
cos(3pi/4)=-root2/2
so its 1/2[1+root2/2]
isnt this correct? shouldnt the bounds for the first integral be y to pi/2 + y
think its a small sign issue
they wrote it dodgily, but in the first case they undid the sub before evaluating, in the second they change the limits at the last step
ah gotcha
so dodgy writing yes, result no
i think this is it though
theres a lot of minuses flying around in the last evaluation
but its -(-root2/2) so + rather than their -root2/2
which matches with this at least
wait
or not
one mo
oops
no its --- so yeah -root2/2
there is actually no problem
tis all fine, besides the writing of it making me violently ill
wait so what did i do wrong?
np
they integrated this wrong
the top one
it should come out to -cos(pi/2 +y) + cos(y)
im like 95% sure atleast
this should be positive
then we get -root2/4+1/2-root2/4=1/2-root2/2
1/2 [-cos(pi/2+y)+cos(y)]
Thx alot i got it correct
they do get to that
np
but please write your maths properly it makes me cry

