#help-28

1 messages · Page 197 of 1

agile holly
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what is (-1)^{n-1} * (-1)^n

crystal ibex
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1?

agile holly
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huh

crystal ibex
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we plugging 1 for n right

agile holly
#

in general

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it should be -1

crystal ibex
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so whats wrong on mine

agile holly
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every (-1) is paired up with except 1

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it should just be - 7^n x^5n /n

crystal ibex
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-summation (-1)^n-1 7^n x^5n all div by n

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so i am right till here right

crystal ibex
agile holly
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nah ur not right here

crystal ibex
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where did i mess up

agile holly
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think about it

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(-7)^n * (-1)^{n-1}

crystal ibex
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well for me i thought the negative would cancel out with the (-1) to get positive

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but it alternates so i forget but i still dont see how the (-1)^n-1 is not needed or the -1

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we are saying it doesnt alternate

agile holly
agile holly
#

but we would have a negative remaining

crystal ibex
agile holly
#

we have (-1)^n * (-1)^{n-1}

crystal ibex
#

but if we do it through there and i plug that in

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the alternate sign is still there no?

agile holly
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no

crystal ibex
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thats like a template

agile holly
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ez

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think about it

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every -1 has a partner -1

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except one of them

crystal ibex
#

hold on

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my brain goes fk mode when ln is anywhere in equation

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so because there is a negative in front of the summation the (-1)^n disappears? @agile holly

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if theres a negative in front we wont have that correct?

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i see the derv of that is always neg when we plug for x

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ty for help

#

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sturdy nymph
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sturdy nymph
#

,rotate

glossy valveBOT
sturdy nymph
#

I actually dk

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I'm good with these usually but I'm stumped for this one

lime ether
sturdy nymph
lime ether
#

fire illustration bro

sturdy nymph
#

idk man

lime ether
#

so you’re looking for the initial velocity yea

sturdy nymph
#

yeah

lime ether
#

which formula do you think will be helpful here

sturdy nymph
#

initial velocity of x or y

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usually s = ut + 1/2at² is useful

lime ether
#

that’s useful for time it takes to hit the ground

sturdy nymph
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v = u + at
then but idk what time or initial is

lime ether
#

which part are you referring to

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and in which direction

sturdy nymph
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wym

lime ether
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x or y direction

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and what are you looking for

sturdy nymph
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y I guess

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is there enough information to solve this

lime ether
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ok well we know vx = ux = v cos(40)

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uy = usin(40)

sturdy nymph
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yeah

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no

lime ether
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we also know vy = 0 at its maximum height so we should find that maximum height

sturdy nymph
lime ether
#

yea i’m used to using vo my bad

sturdy nymph
lime ether
#

usin(40) = gt

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you’ll have to use some system of equations i believe

sturdy nymph
#

sorry I gtg

lime ether
#

oh

sturdy nymph
#

yea mb mb

#

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distant swan
#

I'm just curious on a homework

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distant swan
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given an orthonomral set = {u_1, u_2, u_3}

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actually, much better to just send the photo

nimble crane
# distant swan

you can quickly verify that {u1, u2, u3} is ON by checking that each of the vectors has norm 1, and are all OG to each other

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as for the second part, it should just be a standard system of equations you can solve

distant swan
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yup, i've already done the orthonormal set

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scalar is what i'm having trouble with

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i've figured out 2 and 3

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lambda_2 is give which is -3

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lambda_3 i've gotten which is 3 / sqrt(2)

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but lambda one, it says the answer should be 1 / sqrt(2) but I keep getting 2 / sqrt(2)

nimble crane
#

can you show me your work?

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you should get 1/sqrt(2)... eeveethink

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fast marlin
#

How did he find these new bounds?

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@fast marlin Has your question been resolved?

fast marlin
#

<@&286206848099549185>

granite shore
#

let's make sure you understand this part first

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do you know how we get this diagram?

fast marlin
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No

granite shore
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take a look at the bounds of your double integral

fast marlin
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0->3

granite shore
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the dx comes first so we know 3y <= x <= 3 and dy comes second so we have 0 <= y <= 1

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so were trying to draw that region first, in case we need to alter the boundary values

fast marlin
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How do you know 3y is less than or equal to x

granite shore
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it is the lower bound of the integral when taking it with respect to the x variable

fast marlin
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Is that because x=3y?

granite shore
#

we will use that idea, yeah. im looking specifically at this part of the double integral: $\int_{3y}^{3} e^{x^2) dx $

fast marlin
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@glossy valve

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It’s down

granite shore
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ah dang

fast marlin
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Oh now it’s up?

granite shore
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$\int_{3y}^{3} e^{x^2) dx $

fast marlin
#

Give it a min maybe

granite shore
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this part:

fast marlin
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Yeah that makes sense

granite shore
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so basically if we can do this integral first, then do the dy one next, we gucci.

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but this integral has no antiderivative, so we look to integrate wrt y instead

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so we try to figure out whats going on with x

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x is always bigger than 3y but less then 3 according to the bounds

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once we know that, we can look at the y bounds, which say y is between 0 and 1

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now our goal is to draw all four bounds: (1) x=3y, (2) x=3, (3) y=0, (4) y=1

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the region of integration is bounded by these lines

fast marlin
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Okay I think I got it

granite shore
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understanding how they get the picture is the most important part, for sure!

fast marlin
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Can you give me a practice one to see if I got it?

granite shore
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Sure!

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$\int$

glossy valveBOT
granite shore
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$\int_{0}^{2} \int_{2x}^{4} (3x+2)dydx$

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see if you can change the bounds from starting with y to starting with x

glossy valveBOT
granite shore
#

we may need to alter the upper bound to 4, sorry!

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trying to create one in my head at 1:50am is challenging lol

fast marlin
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Like this?

granite shore
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yep! drawing looks good, its the upper triangle

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i got this:

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$ \int_{0}^{4} \int_{0}^{y/2} (3x+2)dxdy$

fast marlin
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Oh right because we want to change it to x

granite shore
#

yep

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@fast marlin Has your question been resolved?

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blissful lichen
#

What is your method of thinking during an math exam

blissful lichen
#

Like I believe I learned every concept thoroughly but when I get a question I don't know how to solve it

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Im theorising it's due to a problem with the way I analyse it

hoary ember
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personally id try to skip those at the start and leave them to the last

blissful lichen
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But idk maybe it's a skill issue

hoary ember
blissful lichen
hoary ember
#

🔥

blissful lichen
#

They are the questions with the bigger scores

limpid moat
#

some exercises could be easy but they could take a great amount of concentration, so I am likely to do them firstly ...or they could be difficult exercises but they just need the right idea to being solved

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#

@blissful lichen Has your question been resolved?

blissful lichen
#

No it isn't cus the thing I wanna know is not how to organize the questions in the paper rather I want to know how I should think in order to solve them

blissful lichen
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"depends on the question"

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Give me a basic process

limpid moat
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valentine I think it is pretty much the same thinking way that you use during you practice at home

blissful lichen
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IT DOESNT WORK

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.stop

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I wanna close this chat cus I don't think my problem is gonna be solved

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Thank you so much for trying

blissful lichen
#

How do I stop it

limpid moat
#

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thick hedge
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thick hedge
#

so what I was thinking was

tepid flame
limpid moat
thick hedge
#

I mean it's trivial to verify that $11 \mid 2^{10}-1$

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

thick hedge
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this is what I was wondering how to do

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thanks

timid iris
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neither n=2

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🤓 ☝️

limpid moat
timid iris
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yeah i m jk lol

limpid moat
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ohh 2^0-1=0 and 11 does divide 0

timid iris
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thats why i didnt say n=0 lmao

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and n is Natural

limpid moat
timid iris
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i dont think so

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N does not include 0, W does

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thats how its defined for us in textbooks

limpid moat
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I know that -1 for example is not in the naturals ...by I would not take for granted that 0 is not in the natural...I think I can find very quicly an exercise where 0 is supposed to be inside the st $\mathbb N$

glossy valveBOT
timid iris
#

ok so if 0 is in N

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what differenetiates N and W?

limpid moat
timid iris
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whole numbers

limpid moat
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so in general I would consider 0 inside N as someone expect that

timid iris
#

damn

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im from India and over here we have NCERT

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which is like the govt regulated book

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and it says 0 isnt so yeah

thick hedge
#

Eh, at my uni we define it to be all counting numbers

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so 0 doesn't coun

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*count

limpid moat
timid iris
#

i think maybe its like country to country thing

thick hedge
#

Cool

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thanks

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real silo
#

f(x)= |5−2x| +3
for 2<=x<=8 Find the range of function f.

guys, is the answer 4<=x<=14?

leaden ermine
#

also your range should be y not x

real silo
#

oh wait yes i mean y

real silo
leaden ermine
#

that assumes though that your function is strictly monotonous

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which it is not in that interval

real silo
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ohh

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is there a way where i can find the vertex beside drawing the graph?

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can i do completing the square for modulus functions

leaden ermine
#

i never heard of such thing

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but what you can do is analyze how the transformations affected the vertex, starting with |x|

glossy valveBOT
#

bacc (unhelpful)

real silo
#

is it translation by vector (2.5 , 3)?

leaden ermine
#

yes

real silo
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ohh okayokaayy

leaden ermine
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your interval

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was 2 <= x <= 8

real silo
#

yes

leaden ermine
#

so what's the actualy lowest range value

real silo
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y = 3

leaden ermine
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ye

real silo
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i get ittt

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thank youuu!

leaden ermine
#

just on a note the transformations caused the function to be stricly decreaing between x=2 and x=2.5 and strictly increasing between x=2.5 and x=8

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that knowing plugging in x=8 works for the upper bound

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but I would never avoid graphing stuff

real silo
#

ohhh okay okayyy

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thank youu so much againn

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distant swan
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distant swan
#

what am I doing wrong?

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i've got lambda 2 and 3

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but I keep getting lambda 1 wrong

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i got sqrt(2) / 2 instead of 1 / sqrt(2)

pseudo cape
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Those are the same

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$\frac{\sqrt 2}{2} = \frac{\sqrt 2 \cdot \sqrt 2}{2 \cdot \sqrt 2} = \frac{2}{2 \sqrt 2} = \frac{1}{\sqrt 2}$

distant swan
#

oh right

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what's the trick with orthonormal vectors as well by the way

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suppose we have an orthonormal set containing u_1, u_2 , u_3

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and a vector a

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if a is written in terms of the vectors in the orthonormal set, then this would be the result

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@distant swan Has your question been resolved?

distant swan
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austere jungle
#

I keep getting stuck and none of the roots i find are real

austere jungle
glad hound
#

Let me grab scratch paper, but I think your partial derivatives are incorrect

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Product rule.

austere jungle
#

lemme see

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im still turning up the same partial derivative for x

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oh i see now i flipped the sign on the partial derivative for y

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grave folio
#

How would you get the orange area, but only the part of this area which is above x=0 ?

Top parabole: f(x):=20/3*x^2 -2*x +3/10
Bottom parabole: g(x):=-220/27*x^2 +14/3*x -9/20

A formula, explanation, "GeoGebra" formula, ... would be good. Whatever suits the answer best 👍

Thanks in advance

pearl trout
#

Integrate f(x)-g(x) from 0 to the point of intersection

grave folio
#

You're probably right, but I have tried your idea and this was the result.
What exactly do you mean by "point of intersection"?

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This is what i am trying to achieve. Getting the read marked area between the two functions above 0

#

Ahh, got it! Thank you

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silver sluice
#

Hello

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silver sluice
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Have a problem with the 3.2

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(In english) draw the tangent to the curve … in … and … draw the curve between …

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And …

torn jolt
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what is the problem ?

silver sluice
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All the question

torn jolt
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For 1) ?

silver sluice
#

No for 2

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For 1 have

F’(0)= 1

F’(π/4)= 2

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Ok so y = 1 / cos x
When x = 0 or x = π / 4

silver sluice
torn jolt
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it is the y= that i dont understand

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u mean f(x) ?

silver sluice
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In 1 i found f’(x) = 1 / cos x
And y = f(x)

I dont know how to continu

torn jolt
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ok so f'(x) = 1/cos^2(x)

silver sluice
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Yes

torn jolt
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not 1/cos(x)

silver sluice
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Oh sorry i miss the ^2

torn jolt
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ok

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so for f'(0) ?

silver sluice
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Have 1

torn jolt
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ah yes u alrdy wrote

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so now u must draw the tangente

silver sluice
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Yes

torn jolt
#

can u easily understand english ? or should i speak french ?

silver sluice
#

French is better

torn jolt
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ok

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ducoup t'es bloqué ou ?

silver sluice
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Ba pour les tangente je dois les tracer comment ducoup

torn jolt
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tu connais la dérivée

silver sluice
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Oui

torn jolt
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c'est la tangente

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en gros

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d'abord tu regardes la valeur de f en 0, et en ce point, tu trace la tangente

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ici en 0 c'est une pente de 1

silver sluice
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Ah d’accord enfaite la j’ai obtenu la valeur de y a des coordonnées x

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Donc quand x = π / 4 on a y =2

torn jolt
silver sluice
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Ok mais c’est ca ?

torn jolt
#

surtout que la tu parlais de f' non ?

silver sluice
#

Oui

torn jolt
#

oui

silver sluice
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C’est vrai que j’explique mal mes demande je pense

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Merci de mavoir aider et davoir traduit en français 😅

torn jolt
#

t'as compris comment faire ?

silver sluice
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Oui ca devrait etre bon

torn jolt
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fais voir apres au cas ou

silver sluice
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Dac je trace avant

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C’est bizarre jobtient une droite

torn jolt
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pour ?

silver sluice
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Ba enfaite les tangente jai leurs coordonnés en 1 point mais comment on fait pour les tracer

torn jolt
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en 0 par exemple

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t'as f(0) = 0

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et f'(0) = 1

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donc pour la tangente en 0 tu fais un petit trait droit avec une pente de 1

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et c'est tout, il faut pas tracer plus

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la tangente elle est collée a la courbe donc pour savoir ou la placer tu calcule f en ce point

silver sluice
torn jolt
#

ouais t'as juste inversé les pentes

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celle en pi/4 elle doit etre plus pentue

silver sluice
#

A ok c’est vers le haut

#

Merci beaucoup

#

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old blaze
#

hello everyone

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old blaze
#

How did the ** * Z** become + Z + 1 / 2 ? I don't understand

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(It's Algebra Topic)

torn jolt
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That’s how the operation is defined

old blaze
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?? it's not multiplication

spark shell
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x * y = x+y+1/2

torn jolt
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Didn’t say it was

spark shell
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your x is (x+y+1/2)

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your y is z

old blaze
#

How do you see that?

spark shell
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(this is what i mean btw)

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so then since our operation is defined the way it is, the left hand side just turns into (green)+(orange)+1/2

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which is what we get

old blaze
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but why z = z + 1/2 ?

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I don't see that

spark shell
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x * y = x+y+1/2 right?

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instead lets just say a*b=a+b+1/2, same thing

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just so we dont mix up the variables

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well what if a=x+y+1/2, and b is z

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then a*b = a+b+1/2 = (x+y+1/2) + (z) + 1/2

old blaze
#

Ok but then they are the ones who present the exercise badly? Because they use the same variables

spark shell
#

the exercise is presented just fine, im using the a and b values to explain it to you

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(x+y+1/2) is treated as a whole number, just as it should b

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it looks like a whole expression because we are so used to the traditional definitons of the + and * signs (and the other ones, of course) but when you define a new operation you have to keep in mind that the same rules dont apply

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(x+y+1/2) * (z) in this context is just (x+y+1/2) + z + 1/2, since thats how we defined the * operation

naive hamlet
#

If it's easier for you, you can think of an operation as a function

x#y = f(x,y) = x + y + 1/2

(x#y)#z = f(f(x,y),z) = f(x+y+1/2,z) = x + y + 1/2 + z +1/2

where # is *

old blaze
#

ok

#

thank you

#

for your help

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#

@old blaze Has your question been resolved?

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placid oak
#

Why is the Laplacian of a field represented in a matrix, instead of a vector-of-vectors (no, they're not the same)?\
A matrix $M$ is equivalently a vector-of-covectors, $(M_\mu)^\nu$, and a covector-of-vectors, $(M^\nu)\mu$. The Laplacian, $L$, is a "vector-of-vectors", where each component is the second order differential of the field.
$$L
{\mu,\nu} = \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^\mu \partial x^\nu}$$
So why do we write it in a matrix?
$$L = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1^2} & \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_2 \partial x_1} & \dots \ \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1 \partial x_2} & \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_2^2} & \dots \ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{pmatrix} \qquad\mbox{giving}\qquad L_\mu^\nu = \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^\mu \partial x^\nu}$$

glossy valveBOT
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compact sail
#

The solution is the one that’s typed. My work is handwritten. Could someone please tell me what I’m doing wrong so far to get the incorrect determinant?

thin flint
#

have you checked if your inverse is actually an inverse?

#

nvm i think the problem is in your determinant calculation

#

i got -1/4

compact sail
#

I made my left side look like the right

#

Idk where I could have gone wrong

thin flint
#

try to do the determinant calculation again

compact sail
#

Oh

#

i got 5/16 ;-;

#

Could you please point out to me what I did wrong? @thin flint

thin flint
#

lets go to your determinant calculation

#

you write down the three 2x2 matrices

#

and their factors in the first row

#

what is the value you get from the first one of those?

compact sail
#

-1/4

thin flint
#

i mean with the factor included

compact sail
#

Oh dang

thin flint
#

for the determinant yes that is correct

#

but you have another factor in front

compact sail
#

It should have been -1/8

thin flint
#

no

compact sail
#

1/8?

thin flint
#

$-\frac{1}{2} \det \left( \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & 0 \ \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix} \right) $

compact sail
#

The formula is ad-bc

#

Right?

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

thin flint
#

what a terrible formatting job texit has done

#

jeez

#

anyway

#

yes for 2x2

#

ad - bc

#

so the correct answer is 1/8

#

as you said with a question mark

#

now second one

compact sail
#

yup

#

Now I got -1/4

thin flint
#

for the second one?

compact sail
#

Because 1/8-3/8

#

I got 3/8 for the second one

thin flint
#

ye

#

no

#

the second one is 0

#

the third one is -3/8

compact sail
#

oh

#

my bad

#

I misspoke

#

but yeah I did get 0 for the second one

thin flint
#

you got it though

compact sail
#

I crossed it out rather than writing it down

thin flint
#

1/8 - 3/8 is correct

#

the way they did it is using the fact that the determinant of a matrix is the multiplication of the determinants of the factors

#

so

#

$\det(ABC) = \det(A) \det(B) \det(C)$

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

thin flint
#

and using the fact that the determinant of I is 1

thin flint
compact sail
#

What is our ABC?

thin flint
#

$A A^{-1} = I$

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

thin flint
#

and so

#

$\det(A A^{-1}) = \det(I)$

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

thin flint
#

$\det(A) \det(A^{-1}) = \det(I)$

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

thin flint
#

$-4 \det(A^{-1}) = 1$

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

thin flint
#

$\det(A^{-1}) = -\frac{1}{4}$

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

thin flint
#

that make sense?

#

that's what they did

compact sail
#

What is A, B, and C tho?

thin flint
#

A = A

#

B = A^-1

#

C doesn't exist

#

or is I

#

if you will

compact sail
#

How are we multiplying determinants together?

thin flint
#

what do you mean

compact sail
thin flint
#

Do you know about $f : A \rightarrow B$?

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

compact sail
#

I guess not

#

What does that mean?

thin flint
#

it's a way of writing down functions

compact sail
#

Oh because A is the input and B is the output?

thin flint
#

yes

#

basically

#

the details aren't important

#

what i want to say is

#

you can see determinant as a function

#

$\det : \mathbb{R}^{n \times n} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$

glossy valveBOT
#

Katharine

thin flint
#

what this means is

#

it's a function that takes as input

#

a matrix

#

nxn

#

3x3 if you choose

#

2x2

#

and gives out a real number

#

just a value

#

and so

#

multiplying determinants

#

is just like multiplying real numbers

compact sail
#

Oh ok. Thank you for your help! Do you mind if I send you a friend request?

thin flint
#

you can ping me on here if you'd like

compact sail
#

I'm going to try another problem

#

Could you please help me with problem (iii)? @thin flint

#

Idk where to start

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#

@compact sail Has your question been resolved?

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@compact sail Has your question been resolved?

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karmic vapor
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karmic vapor
#

Hey can someone please help with this lin lag problem

#

i tried setting up a system of equations to determine what row operations are needed

#

to achieve the shown matrix

#

this solution feels ridiculous though

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gleaming ether
#

I think this may be an issue with the question, becuase as far as I can tell it's already a single logarithm. Answers I attempted were the original given log and moving the negative sign into the log making it log_b(7^(-1)).

gleaming ether
#

I thought maybe it could be that it meant to ask for an expanded log and I got a little tripped up, because I'm shaky on how to use the quotient rule if there's a negative in front of the initial log

sudden sigil
#

you can put it to the power of -1

#

which flips fraction

gleaming ether
#

yeah, i tried that

sudden sigil
#

so it’s not logb(7)?

gleaming ether
#

no, nor is it is logb(7^-1)

#

wait what

#

ohhhh

#

ok, i see my mistake

sudden sigil
#

glad i could help

gleaming ether
#

should be logb(1/7^(-1))

#

i was just tossing in 7^-1

#

thanks!

#

.close

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south bay
#

Estimate the value of f'(50)

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south bay
#

i do not know how to do that

#

I know the point is (50,400)

#

.close

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versed light
#

how do i translate this to an inequality statement?

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gritty rose
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dreamy vector
#

can someone help me with solving linear and polynomial inequalities
like whats the goal in the end of the process and what is the process

dreamy vector
#

like what am i supposed to do

peak compass
#

can you show what you’re struggling with

#

for inequalities you are usually supposed to isolate x

#

like equations

dreamy vector
#

i cant show photo but i can type out the equation if thats okay with you

peak compass
#

sure

dreamy vector
#

x^3-x^2-3x+3>-x^3+2x+5

#

the ^ means its an exponent

#

im lowkey gonna fail functions 12 because my mind goes blank whenever i see stuff like that

peak compass
#

might help make it > 0

dreamy vector
#

so like put all the numbers to one side

#

variables

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@dreamy vector Has your question been resolved?

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fast marlin
#

how do you properly prove that the suprema of x^2<2, x in the reals is sqrt 2 ?

stable nest
#

by definition (sqrt(2))^2 = 2

fast marlin
#

but how do you prove that is the suprema?

#

ig how do you prove anything is a suprema?

rustic frigate
#

Use the definition

stable nest
#

consider the criteria for a suprema

fast marlin
#

the suprema has to be a number that is an upper bound

#

and it must be less than all other upper bounds

rustic frigate
#

You know that x^2 < 2 is equivalent to -sqrt 2 < x < sqrt 2, then use the definition

#

Infact you can show that any interval of the form (a,b) has sup = b

fast marlin
#

if theyre in the reals

#

or ig if you're looking for a real sup

rustic frigate
#

Even if the interval is intersected with rationals points

#

The sup is by definition a real number

fast marlin
#

right

rustic frigate
#

The subtlety here is if sqrt 2 even exists and if it’s really equal to the sup, which depending on the level of rigor can be taken for granted if you want

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#

@fast marlin Has your question been resolved?

fast marlin
#

i think 2 could be more concise i kinda changed what i was going to do while writing

#

i def didnt need to expand out the square

rustic frigate
#

Not clear whats going in 2), e.g. what’s stopping epsilon of being bigger than sqrt 2? Then you can’t get the inequality you’re working with. Apart from that the inequality at the end is also quite confusing

full forumBOT
#

@fast marlin Has your question been resolved?

rustic frigate
#

Hint: points x in S is equivalent to the condition that -sqrt2 < x < sqrt2, since you’ve used the fact that sqrt2 exits

#

I.e you don’t really need to bother squaring

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#

@fast marlin Has your question been resolved?

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tranquil spear
#

ARE MT ANSWERS CORRECT

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tranquil spear
#

just the diagrams

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@tranquil spear Has your question been resolved?

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@tranquil spear Has your question been resolved?

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@tranquil spear Has your question been resolved?

tranquil spear
#

<@&286206848099549185>

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@tranquil spear Has your question been resolved?

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@tranquil spear Has your question been resolved?

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torn jolt
#

I am working on the following problem: Find a convex function $f:\mathbb R^n \to \overline \mathbb R$ such that $\partial f(0)=[1,2]^n$

glossy valveBOT
#

ken
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
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torn jolt
#

Oops TeX didn't compile correctly, lemme fix

#

I am working on the following problem: Find a convex function $f:\mathbb R^n \to \overline {\mathbb R}$ such that $\partial f(0)=[1,2]^n$

glossy valveBOT
#

ken
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
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torn jolt
#

Here $\partial f(0)$ denotes the subdifferential of $f$.

glossy valveBOT
torn jolt
#

I know for other reasons that we have $\partial \lVert \cdot \lVert_1(0)$ is just the unit ball of the dual norm to $\lVert \cdot \lVert_1$, which happens to be $\lVert \cdot \rVert_\infty$. This gives us the hypercube $[-1,1]^n$. So morally, all we need to do is compose this with a linear transformation that transforms the unit cube $[-1,1]^n$ to $[1,2]^n$. I am trying to use the chain rule for subdifferentials to do this, but haven't been able to get it to work out correctly so far.

glossy valveBOT
torn jolt
#

Definition and possibly helpful chain rules for subdifferentials

#

I also solved this problem in the $n=1$ case. It is given by a piecewise function $$f(x)= \begin{cases} 2x, x \geq 0 \ x, x\leq 0. \end{cases}$$ Then our subgradient is just the collection of slopes of lines that lie below the graph of $f$. This is evidently $[1,2]$. However I can't see how to generalize this to higher dimensions.

glossy valveBOT
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#

@torn jolt Has your question been resolved?

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#

@torn jolt Has your question been resolved?

torn jolt
#

I'll restate the problem for clarity amongst the other messages: Find a convex function $f:\mathbb R^n \to \overline {\mathbb R}$ such that $\partial f(0)=[1,2]^n$.

glossy valveBOT
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#

@torn jolt Has your question been resolved?

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#

@torn jolt Has your question been resolved?

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sharp stratus
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sharp stratus
#

I need help to start this off

remote zealot
#

u can use the identity: a² + b² = (a + bi)(a - bi)

sharp stratus
#

ok if I do that

#

(x^2+8i)(x^2-8i)=0

remote zealot
#

yes

sharp stratus
#

so x^2=-8i or x^2=8i

#

how do i go on from there?

remote zealot
#

actually no

sharp stratus
#

oops

remote zealot
#

why is x still squared

#

recheck the formula

sharp stratus
#

but it is x^4 in original problem

remote zealot
#

oh wait really

sharp stratus
#

yes

remote zealot
#

oh my bad im a dummy

sharp stratus
#

ur good

#

so what would I do now?

remote zealot
#

well js do smt classic

#

Nvm that wont work too

#

Only choice is to use the identity a⁴ + b⁴ = (a² -sqrt(2)ab + b²)(a² + sqrt(2) + b²)

sharp stratus
#

whoops

#

I'll use quartic formula

#

but thanks!

remote zealot
#

yk

#

there was an easier way

remote zealot
#

This mean eacg factor is equal to 0

sharp stratus
#

I know

remote zealot
#

and just find your 4 solutions

sharp stratus
#

I got 2 solutions 😭

#

x=2sqrt(2i)

#

x=2isqrt(2i)

remote zealot
#

x² + 8i = 0

#

Means x² = -8i

#

x = ± 2isqrt(2)

#

u forgot ±

sharp stratus
#

ohhhh

#

thank you

remote zealot
#

np

#

Same with other solution

#

±

sharp stratus
#

.close

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thick hedge
#

so I'm trying to prove that every set of the form [a,b]. or (a,b) or [a,b) or (a,b] has a least upper bound

thick hedge
#

By definition it follows that for [a,b] and (a,b] b is the least upper bound

#

for (a,b) by definition it is the set of all elements strictly less than b, so the least upper bound must be eactly b

#

similarly for [a,b)

#

How do I formalise this further?

#

My definition of upper bound is an element is an upper bound of A if it's greater than or equal to every element of A

devout valley
#

And of the least upper bound?

thick hedge
#

We haven't defined it in class, but I'd assume it's the least real number $M$ , such that $M \geq a \forall a \in A$

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

devout valley
#

Sure catokay anything [strictly] less than, in this case, b, should not be an upper bound (which should be easy to formalise what not being an upper bound means)

#

(analogous statements for the [greatest] lower bound and all catokay)

thick hedge
#

so for half closed and closed sets the existance of a least upper bound is fairly easy to prove formally

#

but how do I formalise it for open sets

devout valley
#

For where the end we're considering is "open", it's a tiny bit more work, but not the worst: prove that b is an upper bound (that one is immediate by definition), and prove that it's the least upper bound, so as before, anything [strictly] smaller than b is not an upper bound

thick hedge
#

So a bit of epsilonics would be required, I suppose

#

hmm

devout valley
#

In other words, if you have any c < b, you wanna find some x between a and b (exclusive) such that x > c

thick hedge
#

hmm

devout valley
#

You may wanna consider the cases where c >= a, and where c < a catokay

#

(drawing a picture of those situations may be a bit enlightening as well!)

thick hedge
#

I'm just wondering If I'm overdoing it

#

because we used way simplier proofs by contradiction to prove that sets don't have lower or upper bounds

#

Eh, this is easier once proven tbh

#

So just to be clear , what I want to prove is

#

If there exists a $c \in \R$ such that $b>c implies $c \in [a,b)$

#

right

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$
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thick hedge
#

wait, I want $b$ to be the least upper bound

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

hollow saddle
thick hedge
#

I want to prove if $c > x \forall x \in [a,b) \implies c \geq b$

thick hedge
glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

devout valley
#

It is much easier to show that anything strictly less than b is not an upper bound, than it is to show that any upper bound must be greater than b

thick hedge
#

hmm, okay

devout valley
devout valley
thick hedge
#

$ \forall c$ st $c<b$ . We now wish to show that there is an element $x\in (a,b)$, such that $x>c$

devout valley
#

(and there do exist elements c that are strictly less than b, this is a forall proof)

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

devout valley
#

sadCatThumbsUp Remember the epsilon-delta proofs and how they started? "let eps > 0 be arbitrary/given" or equivalent?

thick hedge
#

Yeah

#

Just a minute

devout valley
#

Similar here: let a c be given such that c < b. We now wish to show [what you said]

full forumBOT
#

@thick hedge Has your question been resolved?

thick hedge
#

We first consider the case wherein a>c

#

In this case all elements of $(a,b)$ are greater than $c$ and we're done

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

thick hedge
#

now let c>a and c<b

#

This means that $c \in (a,b)$

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

thick hedge
#

but we know that $c< \frac{c+b}{2}<b$. and thus it lies in (a,b). This completes our proof

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

thick hedge
#

How is this @devout valley

devout valley
#

But otherwise, I'm happy, if a <= c < b, choose x = (c + b)/2 and that's in the interval and strictly greater than c as we need happyCat

thick hedge
#

lisayay . Didn't expect it to be this easy

#

And I suppose this "b" is what we call a limit point?

devout valley
#

Yep, e.g. you can create a nonconstant sequence in the interval that converges to b catokay

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

devout valley
#

Perfect chefskiss

thick hedge
#

And I suppose greatest Lower bound is proved similarly

#

Thanks charbit!

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thick hedge
#

I'm trying to prove that $\Z$ is not bounded below in $\R$

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

thick hedge
#

As proven earlier, every interval on $\R$ has a greatest lower bound. Let this lower bound be $\alpha$. $n \in \Z$ so $n\geq \alpha \forall n \in \Z$. But the integers are closed under subtraction. So $n-1 \geq \alpha ; \alpha \in \R $. so $n \geq \alpha +1$. But We've already established that $\alpha$ is the greatest lower bound. We've thus arrived at a contradiction , this $\Z$ doesn't have a lower bound in $\R$

#

is this fine?

glossy valveBOT
#

Mr bean is not $\R \setminus \Q$

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@thick hedge Has your question been resolved?

fervent owl
#

proof looks fine to me

thick hedge
#

thaks!

#

:D

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ivory lark
#

C

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ivory lark
#

Yes

glossy valveBOT
#

faiyrose

ivory lark
#

Root of is just the squared divided by 2

#

No?

#

I know the rules im just conufsed as if im suppose to root the numerator

#

Aswell

#

Beacause if so the answer is 1 and if not it should be -5.5

#

If im not missing something

#

So what i did was do the numerator first

#

Sqrt of that is 3 and 3.5

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Added them so its 7.5

#

Then the top i js did the sqrt

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3 then 1.5

#

So became 5a^1.5/ a^7.5

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5 x 1.5 is 7.5

#

Use the rules

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7.5 - 7.5

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= 0

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Anything up to 0 is 1

#

Is that correct?

#

How so

#

The numerator

#

(A^6)^1\2 equals 3

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Yes

#

I know.

#

But its all the same base so it doesnt really matter until the answer

glossy valveBOT
#

faiyrose

ivory lark
#

5a^3? What are u asking

rugged void
#

yes

#

now you can cancel those with the exponents on the bottom

ivory lark
#

Yeah thats what i did

#

Isnt it correct 1

rugged void
#

no

glossy valveBOT
ivory lark
#

Shouldnt u do sqrt first then minus?

glossy valveBOT
#

faiyrose

ivory lark
#

Yes

#

So the top would become 5a^1.5? Or 3/2

glossy valveBOT
#

faiyrose

ivory lark
#

So it would become a^1.5 sqrt of 5/ a^7.5

#

Oh u add before the sqrt

#

So 6.5

glossy valveBOT
#

faiyrose

ivory lark
#

Sqrt of 5/a^5

#

I cant use calculator

#

Wouldnt that become 7.5 though

glossy valveBOT
#

faiyrose

ivory lark
#

Yes i know but wouldnt the answer become different

glossy valveBOT
#

faiyrose

ivory lark
#

3 and 3.5

glossy valveBOT
#

faiyrose

ivory lark
#

Oh i gor confused

#

Yeah my bas

ivory lark
#

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rugged raft
#

how can I find A^n ? A is not diagonalizable so I have no idea now

wanton comet
rugged raft
wanton comet
#

ok

#

so (A-I)^3 =0

#

yeah?

#

and u need to find A^n

#

yeah?

rugged raft
#

yesss

wanton comet
#

iok

#

write A-I=B

#

B^3=0 yeah?

#

(since (A-I)^3=0)

#

so

#

A^n= (B+I)^n

#

would u agree?

#

now binomial expand

#

A^n= I+nb+ (n)(n-1)/2 B^2 + b^3 +b^4 +...

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since b^3 =0

#

they cancel out

#

so

#

A^n= I + nB +(n)(n-1)/2 B^2

rugged raft
#

but we dont know B

wanton comet
#

B=A-I

#

we know A

#

we know I

#

😄

rugged raft
#

lol barin fart

#

lemme calculate to check

rugged raft
wanton comet
#

what did you get

#

and awhat did they get

#

it should be the samet hing

rugged raft
#

their answer is neater

#

@wanton comet do you understand this method maybe?

#

I dont quite get it

wanton comet
#

division algorthim

rugged raft
#

why did they do this

wanton comet
rugged raft
#

identity matrix

wanton comet
#

yeah you should get the same thign only

rugged raft
wanton comet
#

because our method only works if (A-i)^3=0

#

u can use that anywhere

#

but its quite more annoying

rugged raft
#

hmm

#

i dont understand this division algorthim

wanton comet
#

wait

wanton comet
rugged raft
#

sadly it's a one-line hintblobsweat

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rugged raft
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wanton comet
#

multiply it by

#

(1-1/2^2)

#

and divide it by the same

#

does taht work?

rugged raft
#

aah yesyes

#

tysm

#

.clsoe

wanton comet
#

i dont

rugged raft
#

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wanton comet
#

think

#

it does

rugged raft
#

it does

gaunt oriole
#

.reopen

wanton comet
#

its 2^n

#

so like

#

u get

#

(1-2^4)(1+2^4) = 1-2^8

#

but

#

ur next thing is

#

(1+2^16)

rapid rain
#

2^(2^3) = 2^8

#

(1-1/2^2)(1+1/2^2) = 1 - 1/2^4

#

then * (1+1/2^4) which gives 1 - 1/2^8

#

then * (1 + 1/2^8)

#

etc

wanton comet
rapid rain
rapid rain
rapid rain
rapid rain
wanton comet
#

oh yeah

#

it checksout

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fathom trench
#

hi

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marsh shale
#

hello

fathom trench
#

i need help with this question

#

can anyone help me

fathom trench
#

thx

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torn jolt
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slate violet
#

oh, arg z is the angle it makes with the positive real axis

#

like the usual angle in trig

#

the red angle theta

#

you want to find the maximum angle then for every point on the circle

#

also, tangents from the same point to the circle have the same length

#

so you could find the distance from (0, 6) to the origin

#

and it's the same over on the other point

#

for other circles you would just use Pythagoras given the distance from the centre to the circle

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proven warren
#

(physics) Anyone know how you would calculate the error for values in a linear regression model? I have $D^2 vs. n$ in a graph, D has error, n has no error, I'm trying to get the error for the slope but dont want to use standard error cuz its too small 😭 and it doesn't take into account error in D.

glossy valveBOT
#

Hemesfere

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@proven warren Has your question been resolved?

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glacial valve
#

Can someone please explain me how just considering the order of the first occurences of the numbers is enough for finding the required probability ?

glacial valve
#

Someone please help me with this problem . I have been wondering how this works from last couple of days 😭 😭

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@glacial valve Has your question been resolved?

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stuck storm
#

If I have the equation $-\frac{b}{a}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{ka^2}{\omega^2a^3b^2-kb^2}$, how can I solve for the ratio b/a in terms of the constants k and omega

glossy valveBOT
#

The د

thorny isle
#

You can factor in the denominator by b^2

stuck storm
#

ok

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echo merlin
#

I think the answer is E i'm just not sure

glacial pasture
#

explain your reasoning then

echo merlin
#

If you plug in 3 into both equations the answer comes out the same

#

oh

#

its only continous

#

bc when u differentiate u get 2 diff answers

glacial pasture
#

do you?

#

how?

#

f is continuous at 3
its derivative is also continuous at 3

#

no issues

echo merlin
#

So the answer must be B then

echo merlin
#

Wait

#

Ur right

#

I'm pretty sure

torn jolt
glacial pasture
#

I never said you were wrong, i just asked you to explain why you thought that

echo merlin
#

Yeah I realized that

torn jolt
#

continuous bc both functions have same value at x=3