#help-27

1 messages · Page 304 of 1

rough copper
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this representation is important because it states exactly which values y can take

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so for this diagram right

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you have a function which can be represented on this graph

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where if you plug a value of x into it you get a value for y

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you can plot this point and for every point for the function and you get this graph

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because this function is restricted

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as in its not true for all values of x and y

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you have to use inequalities to represent the values which are true

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which part do you think is confusing?

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or is it all a bit confusing

sour shard
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Dude honestly I’m a HUGE air head, it’s like I can hear what you’re saying, but I can’t understand most of what you’re saying because I can’t visualize it, and when I do understand it, it still feels like there is something I don’t understand.

rough copper
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thats honestly how i feel when i study at my level too

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but thats the learning process

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eventually with practice all of this stuff will seem a lot more intuitive

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okay lets start from the beginning if you'll let me

sour shard
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Yes sir

rough copper
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okay so i think its important for me to understand where you are so i can explain this in a way that will be more intuitive to you

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do you know what a function is?

sour shard
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Yes an equation that has in input and output

rough copper
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okay perfect

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so in maths we like to have sets of things

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basically

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for every function

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they will all have a set of inputs

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and a set of outputs

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for y = x +2

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if your set of inputs is {1,2,3}

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your set of outputs will be {3,4,5}

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because the function tells you to take this set of inputs add 2 to them

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and produce a set of outputs

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am i making sense so far?

sour shard
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Yes

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It’s like putting puzzle pieces together

exotic kernel
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Can i help

rough copper
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up to caleb i guess

sour shard
exotic kernel
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Ok

sour shard
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If you have anything to say about what Hapus says like a correction that would be helpful to both of us though

rough copper
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right so your domain is basically your set of inputs

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and your range is your set of outputs

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thats really all it is

sour shard
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Ok so that had a nice click to it

rough copper
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so lets clear up the bit about inequalities

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lets say -5≤y≤5

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all this tells the reader is the values that y can take

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because they are ≤ and not <

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you can include the numbers on either side

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because y can also be equal to -5 and 5

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so if i was going to only pick integers on -5≤y≤5

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my set of numbers would be {-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5}

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if it was -5<y<5

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{-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4}

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because of the notation we are using

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so i mentioned that this function represented by this graph was restricted

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how so? well you see each end of this curve is cut off

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so if i tried to plug in x = -6 into this function it wouldnt be defined

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there would be no answer

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because the function is restricted to values in an inequality

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rather than being able to use all the numbers

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this is what you're being asked to find in the question

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for the first question at least

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the values in which the outputs can take

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something crucial to understand about functions when theyre graphs, is you still treat them like functions with inputs and outputs

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except your inputs are the x values

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and the outputs are the y values

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if i plug in x = 0, what do you think the y value would be?

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for the first one

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its also fine to not be sure but try and guess anyway if thats the case

rough copper
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okay so unfortunately thats not correct but nice try

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so this graph tells you what the function does

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which is why graphs are so useful

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if you look at the center of the graph

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this is where x=0 and y = 0

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so the y line is the one pointing upward and down

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and the x line is the one pointing left and right

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the numbers on this line are the values of x and y

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at that particular point

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so if i chose x= 0

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lets call the function f

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so f(0) = 2

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this notation just means f(input) = output

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or f(domain) = range

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do you see the two in the middle of the curve

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this is the point im refering to

sour shard
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I see C and B

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You’re talking about question 1 right?

rough copper
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yes only 1 for now

sour shard
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Yes in the middle is C and sorta of B

rough copper
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so this cross right

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almost looks like crosshairs

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the horizontal line is your values of x

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and the verticle line is your values of y right

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have you done coordinates?

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like could you point to (1,1)

sour shard
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Yes

rough copper
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cool

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so the values where x = 0

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i.e (0,0) or (0,1) or (0,-1)

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this all forms a line right

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a verticle line

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its actually the same as the verticle line i pointed out earlier

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every point on that verticle line is where x = 0

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similarly every point on the horizontal line is y = 0

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you can check this using coordinates

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so if i wanted to find (0,-6) on this diagram

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it sits on this line

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same for (0,6)

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in fact as long as the left number in the coordinate is 0 or x = 0, this will always be the case

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let me know where you're stuck if you are stuck

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if you ask me a question about anything ive said so far ill try my best to explain

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its just slightly difficult to do this without drawing my own diagram

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still there mate?

sour shard
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Yes

rough copper
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im going to try and draw my own diagram and ill send it to the chat when its done

sour shard
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Ok

rough copper
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sorry the internet didnt work on my phone had to use data lol

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does this help?

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its fine if it doesnt yet. i can explain why i drew it this way

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its also slightly incorrect but its correct in the ways that matter for this question

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its a lot wider than its supposed to be lol

sour shard
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No it helps

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But why does the x axis have all points on it make it to where y = 0

rough copper
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because the value of y for every point on the x axis is 0

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the x axis you could say is the line where y = 0

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vice versa for the y axis ( line where x = 0)

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so what inequalitys tell you is the nature of this restriction

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(how is it actually restricted, which points is it restricted between)

sour shard
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Ohh ok

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The reason both of them have all points be 0 for the other is because there are restrictions

rough copper
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the axis?

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its the function which is restricted

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okay lets take another example

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for this example y = x+2

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if i restrict y

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-1≤y≤1

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lets say

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this means the y on the left can only range between the values -1 and 1

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this will inherantly limit which values of x can make this condition true

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so for y = -1 x must be -3

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and y = 1 , x must be -1

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so the range would be -1≤y≤1

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the domain would be -3≤x≤-1

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its easier to see it the other way around

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so y = x -1

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if we say

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our domain is 1≤x≤7

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this is the same as {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

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as we said earlier

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this is all the possible values x can take

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if we take the end points and put them through our function we can find the range of values for y

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can you find the range of this function given this restricted domain?

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either an inequality in terms of y or a set of numbers will do fine

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let me just clarify the question

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our set of inputs is {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} = x

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our function is y = x -1

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whats our set of outputs

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do you want me to explain?

sour shard
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Yes please

rough copper
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ill explain why this is useful to our example in a second

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so our function is y = x -1

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this tells us that the output is the input -1

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so if we give our function a set of inputs to work through

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all we do is subtract 1 from each of the inputs

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to get our range

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so our inputs are x = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

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our function transforms those numbers

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using y = x -1

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to y = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}

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we subtract 1 from each of these numbers in the input set

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if we did this for one point

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lets say x = {1}

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y = 1 -1

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so y = 0

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the same thing is happening with the inequalities

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so x = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} is the same as 1≤x≤7 (inputs or domain)

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and y = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6} is the same as 0≤y≤6 (outputs or range)

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so lets put this a different way perhaps it might help

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im going to ask you some questions about this curve in 1

sour shard
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Okay

rough copper
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what is the largest value of y this curve can take

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so look at the y axis

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maybe draw a line from the y axis to the highest point of the curve

rough copper
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very close

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so you see the y axis right

sour shard
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Yes

rough copper
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the y axis tells us how high or low we are

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x axis tells us how far left or right we are

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im sure u know that

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just being sure

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so if you draw a line from the very top of the curve

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horizontally to the y axis

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what number would it say at the y axis

sour shard
sour shard
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Where d is?

rough copper
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where A is

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the largest value of y the function can take

sour shard
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7

rough copper
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perfect

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similarly

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whats the lowest

sour shard
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-7

rough copper
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nice

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so that will be the range of values your function can give

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or just the range

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everything between those points

sour shard
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So the answer is A

rough copper
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the function exists

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everywhere outside of those points it doesnt

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yes

sour shard
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The domain is 7

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The range is -7

rough copper
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we are only talking about y here

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y is our outputs remember

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and outputs are the range

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so -7≤y≤7

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is our range

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because our function cannot go outside this inequality

sour shard
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Ohh I see what I did wrong

rough copper
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okay what would be the domain of this function

sour shard
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7

rough copper
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itll be the same thing you did for the y values

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but the x

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cause now we focus on the inputs

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x is always inputs

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y is always outputs

sour shard
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Oh ok let me figure it out

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It’s gotta be -7

rough copper
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whys that?

sour shard
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To find the domain do I go to the lowest point for the x axis?

rough copper
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lowest and highest

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you want to find its minimum and maximum in terms of x

sour shard
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Ohh wait I did it wrong

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It’s 6

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I measured the x against the y axis

rough copper
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thats the maximum whats the minimum

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we need both to establish the full picture

sour shard
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Yea I’m lost

rough copper
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thats okay

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let me do a simpler curve

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and explain where the domain and range come from

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then we can come back to this curve and do the same

sour shard
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Ok

rough copper
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again the graph is dodgey but it represents the idea that we need

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but yeah, key points are. domain is a fancy word for set of inputs, and range is a fancy word for set of outputs

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so the two coordinates in the bottom left and bottom right

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are our maximum and minimum points of this curve

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its a line but im going to call it a curve

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so our minimum is (-6,-7)

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so minimum of x is -6 and minimum of y is -7

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similiarly our maximum is (8,7)

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so our maximum for x is 8, and maximum of y is 7

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so to find our domain for this

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we take max and min of x

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which is -6 and 8

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and our max and min for y

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which is -7 and 7

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so we can write and inequality for each

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which tells us

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i can pick any value between -6 and 8 for x (or more formally -6 ≤ x ≤ 8) for the domain

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i can also pick any value between -7 and 7 for y (or more formally -7 ≤ y ≤ 7) for the range

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this tells us the values that the function is defined for

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which is useful

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because if someone tried to plug y = 8 into our function we wouldnt have a definition at that point for the curve

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so we gotta tell them, just use these values (-7 ≤ y ≤ 7)

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does this make sense?

sour shard
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Yes it does

rough copper
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nice!

sour shard
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Though it’s hard to pick up on every single detail I got the jest of what you’re saying

rough copper
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i can try keep it brief from here on then

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you can look back on my drawings or messages to help

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can you explain briefly why A is the correct answer here?

sour shard
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Ok

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On the highest point for A the range for that is 7 because A is at the point of 7

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The - 7 is at the point of E where that is the lowest point of the curve

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You said this sign with the < like at the bottom means it’s either equal or less than

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-7 is less than 7 while the 7 is greater which explains why there are two of the same signs and the y is the output

rough copper
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its a good answer actually

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but

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we can simplify it

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shall i tell you how id justify A Being correct

sour shard
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Yes sir

rough copper
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the highest point the function can take is at A, and the lowest point is at E.
the y coordinate at A is 7 and the y coordinate at E is -7, the function only covers values between these two extreme points. so the range of the function must be -7 ≤ y ≤ 7

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id say this answers the question well because in mathematics we like to keep to definitions

sour shard
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Yes that was way better

rough copper
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we could define a range to be all the points which the function can output

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and the domain to be all the points we can input into the function to get an output

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there is no number i can input into the function to get a bigger output than 7

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its the same for -7

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okay could you tell me what the domain is?

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here is the symbol if you want to copy it

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(remember its the same as how we find the range but for x values(input values).)

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i can give u a hint if you get stuck

sour shard
rough copper
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okay so

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the domain will look like this a≤x≤b, where a is the minimum x value and b is the maximum

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so your minimum x value will still be at A

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instead of looking up and down

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we are now looking left and right

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where left is minimum and right is maximum

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also side note lol

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question 2 on ur paper is wrong

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if you wanna get really mathematical about it, its not rigorous enough at all

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still there dude?

sour shard
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Hey sorry for the inactivity dude

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I’ll be back

rough copper
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dw mate i got nothing better to do rn

devout snowBOT
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@sour shard Has your question been resolved?

sour shard
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I did a group pizza project with my aunt and little bro

rough copper
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hi

sour shard
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Hello

rough copper
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sorry dude i gotta go unfortunately

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gotta cook dinner and wind down

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im sure if u ping the helpers someone will come and help you out

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sorry dude

sour shard
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I’m really thankful you helped

rough copper
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ur welcom bro

devout snowBOT
#

@sour shard Has your question been resolved?

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Please don't occupy multiple help channels.

warm breach
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<@&268886789983436800>

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warm breach
#

such hacked accs are everywhere

#

ong

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hoary loom
devout snowBOT
hoary loom
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hello can someone help ?

winter patrol
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what have your tried?

hoary loom
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wait ill take a pic

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i actually tried this and it didnt work

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it was like a loop i keep doing the same shit idk whats wrong

shell scarab
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what course are you in?

hoary loom
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mechanical eng

shell scarab
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no like what class

hoary loom
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its called Hidva idk if u call it the same

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its all about limits

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and lopital

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and integrals

shell scarab
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Have you tried substitution? I think that might work

winter patrol
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consider stuff like liate,
where you usually want to differentiate the power component
and also take note of what e^x^2 differentiated to

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and choose a more appropriate v' and u

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hint: ||x^3 = x^2 * x||

hoary loom
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uff

sturdy mango
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since this is gonna be long

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oh wait

hoary loom
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that shit is impressive

sturdy mango
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u sub should work better

winter patrol
shell scarab
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Looks shorter to me if you do u-sub then partial integration

sturdy mango
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i mean no harm trying

winter patrol
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you'd end up having to do ibp anyway

hoary loom
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do u think this would work ?

sturdy mango
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but

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reduces work

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if u do it later

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as less ibp possible

winter patrol
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yeh, that should work

hoary loom
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ok thank u so much guys for help

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.close

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spring oasis
devout snowBOT
woven radishBOT
#

938c2cc0dcc05f2b68c4287040cfcf71

rose rock
spring oasis
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I was looking for help on how to start

rose rock
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Oh okay

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Getting the matrix representation of f would be a good start

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Then if you recall
det(A - L I) = 0 when L is an eigenvalue of A (I is the identity matrix)

spring oasis
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,, M_{BB} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 1 & 1 \ 0 & 2 & 1 \ k & 0 & -5 \end{pmatrix}

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,w transpose {{2,0,k},{1,2,0},{1,1,-5}}

woven radishBOT
rose rock
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Yeah haha

woven radishBOT
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938c2cc0dcc05f2b68c4287040cfcf71

spring oasis
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so?

spring oasis
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ok

rose rock
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You can sub L = 3 before taking the determinant as well

spring oasis
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,w det {{2-L,1,1},{0,2-L,1},{k,0,-5-L}} = 0 where L = 3

wicked turtle
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gnarly

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could just do row reduction and find what value(s) of k give you a nontrivial solution

rose rock
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Yeah

spring oasis
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I appreciate all the help

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.solved

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south plume
#

So, basically my teacher has given the theorem lim x->p f(x) = lim x->p g(x), however, he doesn't explained how I was supposed to find g(x), if anyone could help I would be grateful. (I tried L'Hopital btw, still didn't work.)

runic prawn
runic prawn
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l'hopital should work

south plume
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It still gives 0/0 tho

runic prawn
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g(x) could be anything, depends on the theorem

slender mirage
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Repeat till it no longer gives 0/0

south plume
runic prawn
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yes why not

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it's just another limit

south plume
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Alr then

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Imma do it, hold on

slender mirage
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Yes, as long as you verify your steps with us

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So, it's just (-2x - 1)/(x - 2)

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Did you get answer?

south plume
slender mirage
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You probably did a mistake

south plume
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Lemme redo, holdon

slender mirage
#

Also, answer is -3/4

south plume
#

Mb

south plume
#

Ty guys for the help

#

.close

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late cedar
#

I'm confused as to what this is asking me to do. I have been able to fill in the first few cells involving P(X=x | p=0.05/0.1/0.2) but without the actual value for P(p=0.05/0.1/0.2) how am I supposed to be able to fill in the rest?

late cedar
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I found the P(X=x | p=0.05/0.1/0.2) values with the geometric distribution formula p*(1-p)^(x-1)

gusty nexus
#

<@&268886789983436800>

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@late cedar Has your question been resolved?

devout snowBOT
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@late cedar Has your question been resolved?

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@late cedar Has your question been resolved?

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flint spade
#

I think most of its right and would like someone to confirm

flint spade
#

(sorry for the handwriting)

tropic skiff
flint spade
#

Thanks

wind mason
woven radishBOT
flint spade
#

Which problem

wind mason
flint spade
#

Yea

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last tartan
#

should i prove this using induction? ive found that theres a cyclic result in the remainders of 3,9,1

wind mason
#

And if there is one, induction is probably the way, though you could use casework here.

last tartan
#

oh me when backslashes on discord

woven radishBOT
#

jess
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
(You may edit your message to recompile.)

wind mason
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Yeah.

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Casework goes well here.

last tartan
#

so what exactly would my 3 cases be? i had $3^n \equiv 3 \mod 13$ if $n \equiv1\mod 3$ for the first case

woven radishBOT
woven radishBOT
wind mason
#

Since you said it yourself, it repeats.

devout snowBOT
#

@last tartan Has your question been resolved?

last tartan
faint gorge
#

and then you always add 3

last tartan
#

could you elaborate?

i have
$3^k\equiv 1 (mod 13) \text{ when } k\equiv0 (mod 3)

3^k\equiv 3 (mod 13) \text{ when } k\equiv1 (mod 3)

3^k\equiv 9 (mod 13)\text{ when } k\equiv 2 (mod 3)$

i don't fully understand how to prove this for all n+1

woven radishBOT
#

jess
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
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faint gorge
#

You got 3 cases for $n \in \mbb{N}.\$
Suppose $k \in \mbb{N}_0.\$
The first case is $n = 3k+1$ which means $3^{3k+1} \equiv 3 \pmod {13}.\$
Then the second case is $n = 3k+2$ which means $3^{3k+2} \equiv 9 \pmod {13}.\$
Then the third case is $n = 3k+3$ which means $3^{3k+3} \equiv 1 \pmod {13}.\$
All three cases cover each eventuality of $n$ so you would be done.

woven radishBOT
sturdy mango
#

these are possibilities

#

or that too yeah

faint gorge
#

Notice 3^(3k+3) = 3^(3k)

#

As said, I think the reason he chose 3k+3 is because k starts with 0, so wih 3^(3k) you would have first 3^0 but n starts with 1

#

but that's a technicality

#

You can write your answer as a piece wise function

last tartan
faint gorge
#

yes

#

3^(3k+3) = 3^3k * 3^3 = 3^3k * 1 mod 13

last tartan
faint gorge
#

use \ to remove the dot

last tartan
#

so for the first case

$3^{3k+1} \equiv 3 \pmod{13}$

i can simplify that to

$3^{3k} * 3^{1} \equiv 3\pmod{13}$

so then how can i use the previous facts we established?

faint gorge
#

I would just leave it as it is

woven radishBOT
last tartan
#

so for case 2 i can do the same
$ 3^{3k+2} \equiv 9 \pmod {13}$
rewrite as
$3^{3k} \cdot 3^{2} \equiv 9 \pmod {13}$

#

and same for 3

faint gorge
#

no

#

not +

#

\cdot

last tartan
#

oops

#

typo yes

woven radishBOT
faint gorge
#

yes

#

if that's better for you kot

last tartan
#

ok thank you for the help!

#

.close

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last tartan
#

im back

devout snowBOT
misty crest
#

find out what squares can be mod 5

faint prawn
#

t⁴ = 1 or 0 mod 5

last tartan
faint prawn
distant helm
#

just try t=0, t=1, t=2 and so on and see the loop

faint prawn
last tartan
#

so you're saying to compute
$0 \equiv 0 \pmod{5}$

woven radishBOT
misty crest
#

what

last tartan
#

im lawst

misty crest
#

it’s easier to work with squares first

#

1^2 = 1 mod 5
2^2 = 4 mod 5
3^2 = 4 mod 5
4^2 = 1 mod 5
5^2 = 0 mod 5
6^2 = 1 mod 5
7^2 = 4 mod 5
8^2 = 4 mod 5
9^2 = 1 mod 5

last tartan
#

how do we relate that to ^4?

distant helm
#

square both sides

last tartan
#

so its just all either 1 or 0 after squaring both sides

misty crest
#

yep because the 4 mod 5 ones become 1 and the 1s and 0s stay the same

last tartan
#

so that means a^4 , b^4, c^4 their sums are either 0,1,2,3 mod 5

#

therefore never congruent 4 mod 5

#

hot thank u

#

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chrome vault
devout snowBOT
tropic skiff
#

,rotate

woven radishBOT
chrome vault
#

can someone help me figure out this question? i dont understand the way its worded

#

plus im not the best at this kinda math

tropic skiff
#

Dyk where the third quadrant is?

chrome vault
#

yeah

tropic skiff
chrome vault
#

x is neg, y is neg

tropic skiff
#

,tex $+$

woven radishBOT
#

King Leo

tropic skiff
#

Do you understand this?

chrome vault
#

yeah…? like do i understand the line is in the third quadrant?

tropic skiff
#

Can you draw a right triangle that includes

  • the hypotenuse as the green line

and which horizontal leg stemming from the origin touches this triangle

#

I gtg

chrome vault
tropic skiff
#

,rotate

woven radishBOT
restive river
#

were you given a formula sheet?

chrome vault
restive river
#

do you know double angle identities

chrome vault
#

i dont know the names, but if you write one out, i could give you the other two probably

restive river
#

one sec

chrome vault
#

like if you give cos, i could give you sin and tan

restive river
#

,rotate

woven radishBOT
restive river
#

do you know these

chrome vault
#

sin, yeah

#

cos, still getting the memorizing part down, but i got a general idea

#

tan, hell nah

#

its really just these identities that are the hardest ones that i dont know yet tho

restive river
#

now that is the basic bit

#

you can now pick like the sin one plug everything in then do that with one of the cos ones then the tan one

#

do you get it?

restive river
devout snowBOT
#

@chrome vault Has your question been resolved?

chrome vault
#

oooooh shit i get it now

#

i didnt even think to use those identities for triangle problems

#

tysm 🙏🙏🙏

restive river
#

np

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#
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clear geode
#

hello :)

devout snowBOT
clear geode
#

i'm trying to solve and equation

#

i need the intersection of a line

#

and a torus

#

defined by the red equation

#

before i try to solve it

#

i would like to know if it's a solvable equation

#

i know it's a quartic

regal moat
#

In case u dont have desmos and dont want to waste ur time?

clear geode
#

what

#

wdym

regal moat
#

Like with desmos, u only need to see if the line cross the torus

clear geode
#

no i need to find an equation

regal moat
#

If it does cross, the its a solvable equation

clear geode
#

i need to be able to find the solution analytically

#

it's for my code

#

i'm making a torus planet and i need the entry and exit points

#

to make the atmosphere

#

so i get an arbitrary vector and origin

#

for each pixel

#

and then

regal moat
clear geode
#

i have a, b, and c as the radii of the torus

clear geode
#

so im wondering if it's solvable analytically

regal moat
#

The easiest way I could think of is

#

compute the shortest distance d from the line to the torus center C

#

If d > R +r, the line cannot intersect the torus, and you can skip the expensive check

#

U can imagine the R + r is just the radius for a sphere that would enclose ur torus

clear geode
#

no i want to know if the equation is solvable

#

like

regal moat
#

Bruh

clear geode
#

if it's possible to get the whole equation

regal moat
#

If the shortest distance from the line > than the R + r; then its not solvable

clear geode
#

i'm asking if the equation is able to be solved in terms of t

regal moat
#

idk then, pretty sure the only way to know its solvable or not is just to solve it ig

clear geode
#

like the constant t

#

ok

#

thank u

devout snowBOT
#

@clear geode Has your question been resolved?

clear geode
#

ok so

#

i tried to solve the equation

#

and i'm left with this

#

do i have to

#

substitute the x, y, and z values into the function?

#

that will make a lot of terms

clear geode
#

that's 53 terms

#

:(

devout snowBOT
#

@clear geode Has your question been resolved?

spare crypt
clear geode
#

the line being at the origin doesnt allow for ray tracing

#

wait a sec

spare crypt
#

yea anything off-origin is basically working with ellipses which always suck

clear geode
#

i just had an idea

#

what if

#

i get the equation for a ring

#

and then

#

seth the equation to be

#

(ring equation) = (thickness of torus)

#

and then solve

clear geode
#

@spare crypt i tried to do that

#

and i ended up

#

with the exact same equation :(

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#

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celest sable
#

Is this considered a "clear" proof or would it benefit more with steps shown?

celest sable
#

Let $\phi(\cdot)$ be the p.d.f of $\mathcal{N}(0,1),$ i.e. $\phi(t) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} e^{-\frac{t^2}{2}}$. For any $u \geq 0$, let $\Phi(u) := \int_{t \geq u} \phi (t) dt$ be the c.d.f
\ \
Prove the following bounds for all $u \geq 0$
[
\bigg (\frac{1}{u} - \frac{1}{u^3} \bigg) \phi(u) \leq \Phi(u) \leq \frac{1}{u}\phi(u)
]

\begin{proof} To obtain the upper bound, integration by parts is necessary.
[
\Phi(u) = \int_u^\infty \phi (t) dt = \int_u^\infty \frac{1}{t}(t\phi (t)) dt \hspace{2em}
\begin{tabular}{c|c}
\textbf{D} & \textbf{I} \ \hline
$1/t$ & $t\phi(t)$ \
$-1/t^2$ & $-\phi(t)$ \
\end{tabular}
]
[
\implies -\frac{1}{t}\phi(t)\bigg]u^\infty - \underbrace{\int_u^\infty \frac{1}{t^2}\phi(t) dt}{\geq \ 0, \ \forall \ u\geq 0} \leq \underbrace{\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\bigg(-\frac{1}{t}\phi(t)\bigg)}_{= \ 0} - \bigg(-\frac{1}{u}\phi(u)\bigg) = \frac{1}{u}\phi(u)
]
[
\implies \ \Phi(u) \leq \frac{1}{u}\phi(u)
]
To obtain the lower bound, another iteration of integration by parts on the remaining integral is necessary.

[
\int_u^\infty -\frac{1}{t^2}\phi(t)dt = \int_u^\infty -\frac{1}{t^3}(t\phi(t))dt \hspace{2em}
\begin{tabular}{c|c}
\textbf{D} & \textbf{I} \ \hline
$-1/t^3$ & $t\phi(t)$ \
$1/t^4$ & $-\phi(t)$ \
\end{tabular}
]
[
\implies \frac{1}{t^3}\phi(t) \bigg]u^\infty + \underbrace{\int_u^\infty \frac{1}{t^4}\phi(t)dt}{\geq \ 0, \ \forall \ u\geq 0} \geq \underbrace{\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\bigg(\frac{1}{t^3}\phi(t)\bigg)}_{= \ 0} - \bigg(\frac{1}{u^3}\phi(u)\bigg) = -\frac{1}{u^3}\phi(u)
]
[
\implies \ \Phi(u) \geq \bigg(\frac{1}{u} - \frac{1}{u^3}\bigg)\phi(u)
]
Combining the upper and lower bound gives the final bound as follows
[
\bigg (\frac{1}{u} - \frac{1}{u^3} \bigg) \phi(u) \leq \Phi(u) \leq \frac{1}{u}\phi(u)
]
\end{proof}

woven radishBOT
#

cameron

celest sable
#

I ask if this is clear because I have been getting mixed answers from different people and I want to know if anyone else had their own thoughts

devout snowBOT
#

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@celest sable Has your question been resolved?

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granite arch
#

How do you diagonalize a matrix?

devout snowBOT
granite arch
#

I know that i have to find the eigenvalues

#

Then do Ax = λx

#

So (A-λ)x = 0

#

This is the part i have a problem with

granite arch
#

My calculator simply tells me infinite solutions, how do i find a set of (x,y,z) that satisfies (A-λ)x = 0 quickly

strange arch
#

find its roots to get the eigenvalues

#

for each eigenvalue solve (A-lambda)x = 0 to get the eigenvectors (or eigenspaces)

granite arch
#

how do i solve it?

#

is there a fast way

strange arch
#

assuming you try to calculate it by hand

granite arch
finite helm
granite arch
#

do i have to make one row (0, 0, 0)

granite arch
strange arch
#

for Gauss you solve for the staircase form

#

which is pretty quick

finite helm
#

^^

granite arch
strange arch
granite arch
#

thank you

finite helm
#

Look at the first column of the matrix, find the least common multiple of those numbers, multiply all the rows so that the first entry is the LCM, subtract first row from all other rows, rinse and repeat for the submatrix

strange arch
#

but if you've seen the process before

#

then you can take this as reminder

#

getting all 0's below the diagonal column-wise, and then 0's above the diagonal row-wise

granite arch
#

damn that's quite some work lol

strange arch
#

after doing gauss a few times, it probably only takes about a minute though

granite arch
#

@strange arch this can be done WITHOUT gauss?

#

the marking scheme's method uses 3x3 determinant

devout snowBOT
#

@granite arch Has your question been resolved?

devout snowBOT
#

@granite arch Has your question been resolved?

topaz crag
#

Did you do the first question ?

devout snowBOT
#

@granite arch Has your question been resolved?

granite arch
topaz crag
#

I don’t really understand your question. This looks solved without gauss

granite arch
#

I want an explanation for it

devout snowBOT
#

@granite arch Has your question been resolved?

topaz crag
#

Ok let's take this step by step

#

How do you do this ?

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#

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brave spear
#

hi! could someone please explain how to do this, im so confuzzled. thank youuu

lusty sapphire
brave spear
#

isnt sec = 1/cos ??

#

and then csc = 1/sin ??

runic prawn
#

yes

brave spear
#

so sec (theta) = 5 , which means it would equal cos (theta) = 1/5 ??

runic prawn
#

yes

#

btw is that madison beer in your pfp

brave spear
#

i got cos, csc is the one im struggling with

runic prawn
#

find sin

brave spear
#

so i just kept it

#

its been there even since i got discord

#

lmao

#

youre the first person that actually asked me

runic prawn
#

damn

brave spear
#

no like in a good way

#

would i do cos^2theta + sin^2theta = 1 to find sin?

runic prawn
#

i also meant damn in a good way

lusty sapphire
#

yes, and then you'll need to use the knowledge of your quadrant to determine the sign of sin

#

that pfp looks like an old friend of mine from my cell bio class, but that was a million years ago

misty crest
#

🤝🏻

lusty sapphire
misty crest
brave spear
#

alright i got it correct! thanks for the help.

#

.close

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stray orbit
devout snowBOT
stray orbit
#

Can someone check these

tropic skiff
#

,w 4((-(xxxx + 2xx + 3)^(-2))/2) = integral of ((xxx + x)/(xxxx + 2xx + 3))

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spice wing
#

How would i solve this im confused

devout snowBOT
spice wing
#

i need some explanation

latent quarry
#

Uhh

#

Wait

#

Let me prove that

#

Nah it's wrong

forest yarrow
#

What type of geometry is this bro

latent quarry
#

It's not congruent

forest yarrow
#

What is it asking for

spice wing
#

its asking for x

crisp tapir
#

x is not a point

spice wing
#

its intersection of ca and eb

latent quarry
#

Asking for coordinate or

#

What

crisp tapir
#

bro what how will you solve for a point

spice wing
#

the angle

latent quarry
#

Oh

#

That is easier

#

CBX = 30

#

XCB = 45

#

Use this

spice wing
#

ohhhh

#

ok that makes life easier

#

thank you

latent quarry
spice wing
#

.close

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blazing juniper
devout snowBOT
blazing juniper
#

Is the math and sig figs correct on this

sturdy mango
#

yea

#

u pick the least

#

sig figures

#

as u lose precision upto it when multiplying

blazing juniper
#

So for this one

#

How much sigs would I use

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#

@blazing juniper Has your question been resolved?

blazing juniper
#

<@&286206848099549185>

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lethal pollen
#

In my syallbus final answer is given to 3s.f with 5s.f for intermediate steps

#

But this differs for country to country

#

In this case you get exact values though so maybe you don't need to round using sig fig

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restive tree
#

.reopen

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rugged sparrow
#

wut

restive tree
#

/reopen

rugged sparrow
#

open a new channel

restive tree
#

oh mah bad bro

rugged sparrow
#

this wont reopen

restive tree
#

/close

#

go to 31

#

whoops

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bold saffron
devout snowBOT
bold saffron
#

I don't understand smth max area yea we differentiate it to get max area
But why can't use take max amplitude of sin and cos =1 and solve for a
Yea as sin 2(t) and sin (t) they are not in phase but I changed it to sin (t)(x+ycos(t)=a

#

Can't I take max amp =1 for sin t and cos t and find a? What's wrong with that method I don't fully understand

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bold saffron
#

.reopen

devout snowBOT
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#

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@bold saffron Has your question been resolved?

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@bold saffron Has your question been resolved?

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sand quarry
#

Let $G$ be a finitely generated group, and let ${N_i}{i\in\N}$ be a descending chain of normal subgroups: [
G = N_0\supseteq N_1\supseteq N_2 \cdots
]
such that each quotient $\5{N_i}{N
{i+1}}$ is finite.

\bigskip
How do I prove that if $G$ is residually finite, then $\bigcap_{i=0}^\infty N_i$ is trivial?

woven radishBOT
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#

@sand quarry Has your question been resolved?

last sequoia
#

go on an alt account, post a chatgpt response

#

then someone will mad and correct it for u

wind mason
sand quarry
#

sounds good

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serene horizon
#

hello, help me please

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serene horizon
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oblique mulch
#

why do they take tan(22/3) instead of tan(22/-3)? since the 3 is in the second quarant. im getting confused on like how i need to adjust these angles all the time. do i need to like add 180 or something after taking tan(22/-3)?

oblique mulch
#

also why did they do tan(3/22) isnt it oppsoite over adjacen

winter patrol
#

did you draw a pic for this problem?

frosty mantle
#

<@&268886789983436800>

oblique mulch
#

I put 22 at the head of -3

frosty mantle
#

try drawing just the triangle without the graph part

#

and write the side lengths

oblique mulch
winter patrol
#

your arctan(22/-3) gives the red

oblique mulch
#

that’s very confusing, how do I memorize like all the adjustments I need to do to get the right answer?

winter patrol
#

consider which angle you want in your diagram

#

ultimately you want to measure the deviation from North, in this case the green angle

#

and the simplest way to do that would be to consider

oblique mulch
#

You do the red angle - 180

winter patrol
#

consider that triangle

#

which gives you the angle you want directly

#

ignore the negative sign in the -3 when calculating that

oblique mulch
winter patrol
#

by having a clear idea of which angle you want in your end goal

#

and marking that in your diagram

oblique mulch
#

My plan was the get the angle and then like subtract 90 or whatever to get this angle

winter patrol
#

you can do that

#

if you want to first get this angle

oblique mulch
#

yeah but why is that arctan 22/-3 gives the angle in quadrant 4? I wouldn’t know that and it would make me get the problem wrong

winter patrol
#

you can take the arctan of (22/3),
ignore the sign of -3 for your reference triangle

#

the range of arctan is (-90°, 90°)
info about quadrant is lost when putting values into the arctan function
you'd either get something in Q1 or Q4 or 0

#

arctan(22/-3) would give you the red,
adding 180° would get you the blue
and subtracting 90° from that would give you the green angle

oblique mulch
#

But 1.7 radians is 97 degrees

#

arctan(22.3) give 1.7

winter patrol
#

where's 22.3 coming from

oblique mulch
#

22/3

#

Typo

winter patrol
#

doing arctan(22/3) gives you the size of the green angle

#

,w arctan(22/3) in degrees

oblique mulch
#

Oh yeah I was looking at tan my bad

winter patrol
#

and subtracting that from 90° gives you what you want

#

,calc 90 - 82.23

woven radishBOT
#

Result:

7.77
oblique mulch
#

So you’re saying whenever you need to do arctan….just make the input positive and then manipulate it to get to the actual quadrant you need it

#

bc if you make it positive then you know it will always be in quadrant 1

winter patrol
#

that's the way i'd recommend doing it

oblique mulch
#

Thanks for your advice

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quartz scroll
#

is this formulation of Thales' theorem correct? "If a straight line is drawn in a triangle parallel to one of its sides, then this straight line divides the other two sides into proportional segments."?

rotund umbra
#

I think soo

#

There apears to be two "thale's theorem"s

#

In geometry, Thales's theorem states that if A, B, and C are distinct points on a circle where the line AC is a diameter, the angle ∠ ABC is a right angle. Thales's theorem is a special case of the inscribed angle theorem and is mentioned and proved as part of the 31st proposition in the third book of Euclid's Elements. It is generally attribute...

The intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, basic proportionality theorem or side splitter theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry about the ratios of various line segments that are created if two rays with a common starting point are intercepted by a pair of parallels. It is equivalent to the theorem about ratios in s...

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#

@quartz scroll Has your question been resolved?

rotund umbra
#

Ah.

  • "Thales' Theorem": "If a triangle is inscribed in a circle with one side equal to the diameter, then this opposite angle is 90 degrees"
  • "Thale's Intercept Theorem": "IF two parallel lines cut two rays, then they divide them into equal ratios".
#

So yes, you have the right wording, but for Thale's Intercept Theorem.

#

(also known as the Basic Proportionality Theorem)

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vernal cave
devout snowBOT
vernal cave
#

Part A should be (0.35 * 0.01) + (0.65 * 0.03) according to the Law of Total Probability

#

Part B can be expressed as P(A | D) but I don't know what method to apply here to solve the conditional probability

near trout
#

bayes rule

vernal cave
#

Nobody expects the bayes theorem

#

Let me try it rq

vernal cave
#

$P(A|B) = \frac{P(B|A)P(A)}{P(B)}$

#

I think

#

I'd have to double check that one

#

The conditional probability formula is

#

$P(A|B) = \frac{P(A \land B)}{P(B)}$

woven radishBOT
#

Eyesonjune

vernal cave
#

What is it about this that makes it use Bayes and not conditional probability

woven radishBOT
#

Eyesonjune

vernal cave
#

<@&286206848099549185>

warm grotto
vernal cave
#

.close

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crimson vale
#

Hello

devout snowBOT
crimson vale
#

Soo I have a problem in surface area and vol. Chapter

#

It's question no. 48

#

Anybody know how to get the height??

warm grotto
#

Height?

crimson vale
#

Ye i guess how to do this

#

Tell from beninging

#

The formula for hollow cylinder is π(R²-r²) h

#

Soo I guessed we need to find height...

warm grotto
#

If I'm reading the problem correctly, you aren't dealing with a cylinder.

crimson vale
#

Bro a tube is a cylinder right?

#

Soo how to do?

warm grotto
#

@slender mirage ||Am I being dumb? With the measurements given I'm assuming the pipe makes a torus, no?||

crimson vale
#

Nah bro it isn't a torus

warm grotto
#

Then you, indeed, don't have the length of the pipe.

crimson vale
#

Bruh

warm grotto
#

And we're, at this point, imagining a tube which is 35cm thick

#

Not the tube itself, the material

crimson vale
#

Yeah okay

warm grotto
#

Seems silly, but if we concede that, it might just be asking for area per unit of length

crimson vale
#

Bro i don't think so

warm grotto
#

The idea of a truck having a pipe in the shape of a torus being similarly ridiculous, so it's not like I can put my interpretation on a high ground

crimson vale
#

Bro let me send u a diagram of the fig

#

It's a rough diagram don't gudge

#

Bruh leave it I'll come back to it later

#

Thanks for spending your time on my dumbass @warm grotto

#

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slender mirage
crimson vale
#

Oo shit, thanks dude

devout snowBOT
crimson vale
#

I found the ans either eay

#

Way*

#

Thanks again 🙂

slender mirage
#

^^ no

#

Worries

crimson vale
#

I guess close the chat

#

.close

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gray galleon
#

what is the method to derive the right from the left

junior flax
#

Personally, I’d cross multiply the right of the equation. If you aren’t given the right hand side, or have to manipulate the left hand side, I’d do long division

gray galleon
junior flax
#

Somethings definitely wrong with your long division. I don’t know synthetic division, so I’m not sure where you went wrong, but you shouldn’t have an x greater than the first power.

gray galleon
#

can you show me what you know, the method you use for division?

junior flax
#

Hold up for a second, I need to grab some pen and paper

gray galleon
#

okk thank you!!

junior flax
#

Sorry if it’s a bit messy, I always skipped my handwriting class

#

Essentially, through long division. You can confirm that (x-2)(x^3+2x^2+x)+(3x^2+2x+1) = (x^4+1)

gray galleon
#

I gOt iT

#

thank you so much

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elder pelican
#

Hi! So I need help in understanding using the quotient rule when it comes to negative exponents. There would be times I’d understand it and times when I don’t. For example (6x^3)^3/x^15.
I’m not sure how to solve it.

elder pelican
#

This is a positive exponent but how would I proceed if they were negative?

vital sedge
#

you're asking what if it was (6x^-3)^3?

elder pelican
#

Yes