#help-27
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is just log 18
yeah
if there is no number on the log its assumed to be 10 and u dont need to put it
also not log9 2 just log2
yeah
power rule: says log_a(b^c) = c log_a(b)
yeah
so its like
imagine u have for example
log(16)
u can make it
log (4^2)
no even better
log(2^4)
and u move the exponent outside
4log2
go to definiton of log and its intutive
so whatever power u have just take it outside to multiply it
this very depends on what subject you are doing
mathematicians assume log as base 10, physicists assume log as base e, computer scientists assume log as base 2
wouldnt log base e just be written as ln
wolfram alpha writes log base e as log
oh wow i wasnt even aware of that
ok on the bottom that's what it tells him so he prolly dont gotta worry about those yet
so x-1log2 6
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whenever i try to solve this,
i get like the biggest denominators
i got x/15/4 = 18/5
Do you have any examples of how you would solve it?
can u just see if thats correct or not
Alright
That's what I got off the top of my head
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10-6
but if the radius on the left side and right is 5
and the radius of the drill bit on the left side and right is 3
why not 5-3
gimme a sec
@calm patio Has your question been resolved?
This is problem 7.2.059 from the Larson and Edwards' Calculus Early Transcendental Functions textbook. We use the washer method to find the volume of a ring that resulted from drilling a hole of radius r through the center of a sphere of radius R.
watch this video
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given that y=x-1 the straight line and curve equation is (y-1)^2=4(x+1) which is like Y^2=4aX
here I need to find the area of this shaded area by integration
so I am looking for some ideas which makes integration easier
you can integrate in respect to y
you mean like shifting the whole graph down by 1 unit and right by one unit?
It’s probably ideal to integrate with respect to x first here as a function of y and set your outer bounds as constants (y) so dxdy
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I'm trying to derive the solution for an underdamped second order differential equation
But I end up with a complex sine term at the end, while in the book it isn't complex
I started from this. But instead of $\alpha$ it's $-\alpha$, and $\beta$ is $w_d$\
johnseymour20
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hmmm, I have worked a bit on this question, it seems minus one sqrt term on both sides will work, further simplify to something nice like in a conic section
geometric interpretation
this equation describes ellipse with foci (0, -1) and (1, 0)
you can intuitively justify x^2 + y^2 is maximized along the ellipse minor axis, and problem is not hard to solve from here
(side note: this question could also be framed as |z + i| + |z - 1| = 8 to find max |z|)
@urban otter Has your question been resolved?
Thwt was the actual question 💀
I just framed it into coordinate geometry
yeah I guessed
anyway still just think about it geometrically,
basically all complex number questions that look like that should be done this way
ahhh right it represents an ellipse
I suck at conic sections lol
Thanks a lot :prayge:
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i know i have to use points in hte graph and ha and properties to find an equation but not sure how
Lagrange interpolation
how do i do that?
A basic introduction to Lagrange Interpolation.
Chapters
0:00 Introduction
01:07 Lagrange Polynomials
03:58 The Lagrange Interpolation formula
05:10 The Resulting Polynomials
The product links below are Amazon affiliate links. If you buy certain products on Amazon soon after clicking them, I may receive a commission. The price is the same for...
i dont think we were taught this in class (at least not yet), but it makes sense to use this to find equations. during class my teacher said to use the formula y=ab^(c(x-h))+k
and to find points on the function and ha to find possible values for a, b, c, h and k
I found the points (-4, -3), (-5,-1) and ha: y= -4
heres an example of what my teacher showed us
can i ping helpers?
ill wait like 10 minutes first
<@&286206848099549185>
i means it 5AM so makes sense they arent as many helpers avaible now , thank you edmund for helping me
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thx
im still stuck 💀
i dont really understand lagrange interpolation
all i know if that for y=ab^(c(x-h))+k, the value for b will be 2 since it goes down 2 units from each point and the value for k will be -4 since the ha is y=-4
im lost on the rest
<@&286206848099549185>
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Is anyone familiar with what $\rho(D) \equiv 0 \pmod u$ could mean here?
somethingwrong
Rho(D) is a multiple of u
but isn't u an integer while \rho(D) is the image of D
that means the number of elements in the set?
Yes
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J'ai du mal à déduire la question b
english?
Wiat
I will translate the questions for you
alright!
1 Show that Vx€ [1, +inf] ; rac(x-1)/x <= 1/2
2 (a) Show that: (V(a;b) R'xR'); a+b=0 <=> a=0 and b=0.
2 (b)Deduce that: (V(x;y)€ R²): rac(x²+1) + rac(x²+1) = 2 <=> x =0 and y = 0
I didn't know how to answer 2(b)
can you give me 5 mins?
alright..
so listen..
to do this, you need to consider the minimum value of rac(x^2 + 1)
Its 1 right?
and the minimum lf rac(y^2 + 1)
its 1 again
notice how 2 is the sum of their minimum values?
if we take other values for two terms and add it, then the sum is always greater than 2
so, that means they MUST be their minimum
And their minimum occurs at only 1 value for both x and y
and it is (0,0)
if you need more info about how it occurs at only one value, you can ask me out!
@wary ginkgo Has your question been resolved?
Yes please
♥️
the root fuction is a strictly increasing fuction right?
mhm…
so if x^2 is varying from 0 to infinite, the value of the overall function keeps on increasing…
Yes
so we can agree on its minimum occuring at zero?
Yes
and if you put zero, the value of the function is 1

So the minimum of the function is 1 right?
Yes
Ok I get it now
I have another question.
1 Show that (Vn€N); n(n+1) is even.
2 Show that the number A=n(n²+5) is even for any natural integer n.
@coral violet
yes…

alright… can we get into dm?
Yes
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tex: \left(\frac{{14}}{{121}}\right)^{-3}\cdot\left(\frac{{11}^{{1}}}{{22}^2}\right)^{{2}}\cdot\frac{{7}^{4}}{{11}^3}
question is "Present the expression in the most reduced form of multiplying primes by powers" and i dont understand it can anyone explain it to me please?
we can factorize each term into a product of primes, for example 121 = 11x11
i dont really understand the question it self
whats multiplying primes by powers
@potent kelp Has your question been resolved?
14 = 2x7
121 = 11x11= 11^2
like so..
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The last question
@carmine cedar Has your question been resolved?
the match type?
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Can someone walk me through part b please
@raven leaf Has your question been resolved?
it's the square region of the cube
ok why are you nitpicking on notation which is completely clear here rather than the actual problem man
I don think this was very civil but I ignored it.
pointing out something which might confuse other people isn't wrong
care to elaborate?
Your tone suggests "this is easy, why is this even a question"
I don't think that's very polite, do you?
i apologize if that's what you thought i meant
and no, it certainly is a common question
I am not completely sure, but maybe you are supposed to do f(x) = f(n)
but i still don't think this was an appropriate response
no, you compute it for each individual side and then add them up
and yes, it should be zero
It should be (-1,0,0)
i get this by cartesian formula
yeah if you do it like this you will just get 0
which isnt the answer you're looking for
the key thing to note is that z is not just z
z is the z-coordinate of the point at which you're integrating
so you need to actually consider it in the second and third integrals
it's a constant in the first (although different for both heights)
and this is incorrect because I'm treating z constant?
then why does cancelling the cross products make it incorrect?
one for z = eps, the other for z = -eps
its incorrect because you didnt plug in the value of z for each side
aaahhhh
z at the point of writing down your integral is no longer z
there exists a value of z to each side here
wait thats the wrong integrand 
don't worry
i gotcha
this is the one
i never worry
yabois a potato
cold
tis in the name
awesome, thank you
So if you did a triple integral there wouldn't be this issue in the first place?
you know discrimson?
well you'd be integrating z inside of the integral
so you have to deal with it there
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wow
how do i do b
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hello
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Hello I am trying to solve this angle between 2 planes question and I am not really able to find it
I've located the two normal vectors of the planes used the dot product rule and found the cosine
my answer rounded to 1 d.p was 57.8
Can u show ur full calculation
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i did 3/4 * 9/10 but i dont seem certain on this answer
could someone explain how i might go about this question using the "P(X)" please
what's the "P(X)"
the probability

alright let's first simplify some notation
let's let C be the event that the machine is set up Correctly, and R be the event that the parts are of the Required precision
can you translate the info given in the problem using appropriate probability notation?
C= 3/4
R = 9/10 * 3/10?
P(C) = 3/4
P(R) = 27/40
90% if C happens
30% if C doesnt ?
you should be able to construct 3 equations from the given info
P(C) = 3/4 is one of them
P(R) can't be both 9/10 and 3/10
look at the sentences once more
If the machine is set up correctly, 90% of the parts are of the required precision
alternatively, 90% of the parts are of the required precision given the machine is set up correctly
so if C then 90% of parts are of the required precision
and how do you handle "if C" or "given C" with probability notation?
that's the probability that the machine is set up correctly given the parts are of the required precision
the only other thing i can think of would be
P(C'R)
apart from this i am lost, i only ever learnt probability using tree diagrams. teacher taught a bit about probability notation but only to write something like "P(X)=1/4"
perhaps it would be best if you expanded on what you know about "the line"
what goes on either side of this line
ok, if possible could you suggest me a video that could teach me the fundamentals of probability notation and how to use them?
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i suck at math. like im really bad. i i need urgent help…i have to hand my assignments tomorrow. and its just too much. The 193 km long country road from A to B was straightened and improved into a 183 km long new road. By how many percent did the driving time from A to B decrease when the speed increased by 10 km/h and it was 80 km/h before the increase
Break it down into pieces.
- Overall, the problem is asking you to find the percent change in driving time.
- Use what you know about percent changes. You're going to need to know the original driving time and the new driving time.
- Consider how you can get driving time. You need to know the distance traveled, and at what speed.
- You know the distances, so you need to know the speeds.
- You know the original speed.
- Find the new speed.
Then work backwards to get to your answer.
so am i like supposed to figure out the original ones driving time percent? or whatever its called
You're supposed to find the difference between new and old triving times, and express that difference as a percent
its the distance and
the increase of speeding limit
so 10km and 10km/h
but how do i make it percent?
not quite, no
…oh
you're not trying to find the difference between 10km and 10km/h. Fundamentally, that makes no sense. We're trying to find the difference in travel time. Like, for example, if originally the drive was 2 hours, but now its only 1 hour. You need to find the percent difference.
ohhhh
so
first i have to figure the time on the original one
and then the new one
okay okay
hold on
the first one is 2h and 41 minutes
the second one is 2h
how do i turn the difference to percent
Close but a little off
…
2.41 hours does not equal 2 hours and 41 minutes
This is slightly off too, but within significant figures, so I won't complain
is this close enough tho…
no
…
okay so
2.41
uhm
okay i do not get it
so 193km / 80
and its 80/h
2.41
$%$ change $=100%\times\frac{\text{new}-\text{original}}{\text{original}}$
SWR
oh
so how is it not 2h and 41 minutes
is it because hour has 60 minutes?
whys math so hard…
The same reason 2.60 hours would not be 2 hours and 60 minutes
how do i turn 2.41 to hours
It's demands a lot. But its utility is beyond compare.
You don't need to. 2.41 hours is perfectly fine.
oh
anyway I gtg. You should be good from here.
thank you!
A group of 6 people completed their assignment in three weeks while working 40 hours a week. How many people would be needed for the job if the contract is done in two weeks and only 36 hours are worked per week.
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im trying to solve for the derivative, so far im here
now here
and then i got stuck
i need to somehow reach the answer of 1/(x^2+1) ^ 3/2
Actually, retracting the
, you're forgetting a - sign for the second term here
oh right
Cause you should have brought down -1/2 
(it just makes you get a - sign for the second term here though, so you can have that one
)
confused
About why you bring down a -1/2?
As in, you know the whole "x^n differentiates to nx^{n - 1}" rule
yes
I'm saying that here (taking into account chain rule of course) that your "n" is -1/2, so you're multiplying by -1/2 (rather than +1/2)
Yep 
Yep, what I meant 
Well, you're aware that $(x^2 + 1)^{-3/2}$ is the same thing as $\frac1{(x^2 + 1)^{3/2}}$, right?
@upper schooner
Well, how about we rewrite what we have a little bit first
[
\frac1{(x^2 + 1)^{1/2}} - \frac{x^2}{(x^2 + 1)^{3/2}}
]
@upper schooner
Yep 
Well, I mean, you may want to factor something else instead to make your life nicer 
like this?
Wait hang on a second-
My eyes 
The (x^2 + 1) should not be squared (because -1/2 + 3/2 is 1)
oh right
wait
im confused on factoring
so its -1/2 - (-3/2)
anyways
so simplifying is 1/ (x^2+1)^3/2
Yep, that's pretty much it 
(are you still confused, or is it alright now?)
oh yeah
why factor out the
and not the other part
its probably a dumb question
As that means that you'd be left with things that only have positive powers after you've factored, so they're a bit easier to deal with (and if you have some foresight, you'd see that you'd instantly get the (x^2 + 1) out, and that the -x^2 would cancel for you)
It's relatively alright to deal with this, but a bit more pain to deal with $\frac1{(x^2 + 1)^{1/2}} \qty( 1 - \frac{x^2}{x^2 + 1} )$
@upper schooner
(well, not really that much more pain, to be fair, it's not the worst to deal with(!))
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https://gyazo.com/a4f06e95180833c48dcf18ddd10976f5 what would you consider for a?, ik its l(x) - f(a) + f'(a)(x-a), but how do u find a?
and my approximation the way i did it was -2/3 which is no where near the real value
unless im just overthinking this
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yes how did u get that approximation tho
i know the answer since i can just put it in a calculator
like what should i use for a
i used 1 for a
but idk if thats right
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i need help
I assume we're trying to find what values of x this holds for. What have you tried so far?
i solved it but i just wanted to check if the answer is correct
my answer for this was
yes
The only thing I'm seeing different is the greater than vs less than sign. Did it get flipped at some point?
I see. You only flip the inequality sign when you divide by a negative number.
So, for example, if you divide by negative 4 rather than positive 4.
so:
4x < -10
x < -10/4
no in linear equations when there is some number with x and you need to find only x then you flip it and the 4 goes to the other side
not if its negative or positive
hmmm lets test it. you're saying x is greater than -2.5.
what happens if you try x = 0 (0 is greater than -2.5).
there is no number with x so x = 0
7(x+2) < 3x + 4 [evaluated at x = 0, in other words plug 0 in for x]
7(0+2)< 3*0 + 4
7(2) < 0 + 4
14 < 4
but 14 isn't less than 4, so there must be a mistake somewhere.
o yeah i didn’t notice he flipped that
I'm just showing a way to test out your answer.
But the issue is just where you flipped the sign. You only flip the sign if you multiply or divide by a negative number. If you multiply or divide by a positive number, you do not flip the sign.
ok ty for the clarification
also -10 is a negative number so my answer is correct?
Not quite, but you're close.
The rule only cares about the number you are dividing (or multiplying) both sides of the equation by. So the -10 there doesn't matter. The only thing you consider when deciding whether to flip the sign or not is the sign on the 4
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i don't know how to do this, i honestly don't even know where to start
have you learned what the inner product is?
because that is what part a is asking you for.
there was one lecture but i spaced out a lil and dont understand the internet
the inner product is distributive use that
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I’m not sure where I went wrong
Because I have to get 10 I. That final pet of the box
What do you mean?
just x?
it is correct
But I can’t get it into factored form
Because -1•-3 does not equal 10
Im really confused
Because I have to put it in factored form
But I cant figure out the box
Ok I did it again but I still can’t find a solution
This I’m not really sure
I also tried with long devision and can’t do it
My teacher might of made a typo
He does it a lot
But I have a quiz
yes this bit is correct
xd
I just want it to be confirmed
Bevause it is almost 3 am
I’m tired 😭
So like is this even possible
This should be
I’ve been stuck on this problem for like a hour
if you put 1 into this polynomial it guves 0, so by factor theorem x-1 is a factor
Yea we it is given to us that (x+3) and (x-1) are factors In trying to find the third one
wait I think I know whu
-4-(-1)
here should be -3x^2 as you are subtracting negative x^2
Wdym
this
So it equals -3
you have $-4x^2-(-x^2)=-3x^2$
Vѳrtєx-
not -5x^2
yes
VjFaU1dsb3hjRVZhTW1SUFVqQXhibGRY
and then you subtract $-3x^2+3x$
VjFaU1dsb3hjRVZhTW1SUFVqQXhibGRY
I still don’t understand where I went wrong with the box
$-7x-(+3x)=-10x$
VjFaU1dsb3hjRVZhTW1SUFVqQXhibGRY
I know I’m repeating myself but I’m very confused
Im not exactly sure how the box works
Ive inly learnt the long div relly
don't worry about it
how does the box work
in the box method youre just multiplying the 2 numbers of the row and the column onto chosen box right?
like x^2 • -1
= 1x^2
I think
top number multiplied by side number?
I got some variables in that
I haven’t gotton any sleep this week because I’ve had three quizzes and a test
So I’ve been going to bed at the earliest 3 am since Sunday
I’m trying it again
you wrote different numbers this time
Wait
x^2 times -1 is what?
I need sleep 😭
real
you should prioritise sleep rather than revision
if ur cooked ur cooked just revise earlier next time
I’m trying to make the equation x^3+-4x^2+-7x+10 inside the box
I mean I got home at 7pm and started hoemwork at 9
So the numbers on top of the box change
i think the box method only works when you have the long quadratic and youre trying to find a root
like you already have the numbers on top of the box and you’re trying to find the numbers on the side
I did it for another EWUATION and it worked
maybe it was just coincidence or you had the numbers on the side and solved for the top?
I just realized that is wrong
I need one more variable
Omg 😭
Should I not do the box
use long division or factor theorem first for questions like that
i say use the box when you get given
ax^2+bx+c and you have to find a b and c. and you know what one of the variables/root already is
so you have the numbers on the side and ur trying to figure out the numbers on the too
top
also in the box you did before you were so close but you multiplied 3 and 1 and got 4
ihave to fo now
@mellow willow Has your question been resolved?
yea the box isn't a general method I guess
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Could someone explain me, why do we ^2 both whole sides?
My idea was that we have 4 terms.
so x+2 becomes x-2
x-2 = root(5x-4)
^2 both sides you'd get
x^2-4 = 5x-4
But that's where it goes wrong
(x-2)^2 is not equal to x^2 - 4
to eliminate the square root
So basically to eliminate the square root we have to put parentheses around all of the left and right side?
@lone stirrup Has your question been resolved?
@lone stirrup Has your question been resolved?
Is this normal solving for x?
If you remember surd rules, for example root(a) × root (a) = a, which is basically just (root(a))^2
So yeah to eliminate square root, you have to multiply the term by itself which in other words is just squaring the term
But what you do on one side of the equation you must do on the other side so you also have to square the entire other side
Which is (x-2)^2, so just expand and solve for x from there
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Can someone help me
Find x and y please
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use the fact that the cointerior angles of parallel lines add to 180
i.e., x - y + 145 = 180 and x + y + 125 = 180
and for x?
yup
Ty
What can I do to solve this one
5x-3y+6x+9y=180?
Could I also do ×+3y+6x+9y=180?
So
X=12 and y=8?
@stable wraith
Is x=12 and y=8
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Check if function is odd or even:
sin(2x)
I'm quite bad at dealing with sin and cos in equations and I don't know how to do this.
the definition is that f(x) = f(-x) for any even function
can you check this for f(x) = sin(2x)?
So at first I wanted to do -sin(2x)=sin(-2x) but at that point I'm already stating it's an odd function.
So I wanted to go with just sin(-2x) and try to get it to the state where I have a*sin(2x) where a = -1 v a = 1 at the end.
But I don't know what to do with sin(-2x)
yeah that's the right identity to use
so starting from $f(-x)$, $\sin(-2x) = -\sin(2x) \ne \sin(2x)$
south's secret twin brother
so it's not an even function
Don't I have to prove it some how rather than just state it?
you've shown that $f(-x) \ne f(x)$
south's secret twin brother
I think you're overthinking the problem
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kinda stuck after this step, what do i do?
wont there be an issue if our x/y both are 1 we get sin(k(2))/k?
But, it approaches 1, not exactly 1
hmm yeah you are right, so how do i advance from the step im currently on?
how did you get rid of (x^2 + y^2)
are you sure that you can divide like that when its inside a sin?
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cant tell if i made right sub here since i dont see any advancing possible
@forest palm Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185> ?
There are a couple of things you can do
since this isn't indeterminant form (0^0, 0/0, inf^inf, etc) you can get the right answer with direct substitution. that would be 9^(9/0) -> 9^inf ~~ inf.
but there is a more rigorous way
use the fact that
$a^b = e^{\ln{(a^b)}} = e^{b\ln{(a)}}$
Melvin Eugene Punymier
when a and b are both functions (continuous at the limit), we can use the Composition Limit Law to bring the limit inside the exponential function (because the exponential function--outer function--is continuous). Then we use the Product Law.
You can see a summary of those laws here https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/math/home/programs/undergrad/CalculusQuestStudyGuides/SandS/lHopital/limit_laws.html#Composition_Law
so then this will be (this will take a sec to write)
$\lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} \left(9 + 2x^2 + 2y^2\right)^{\frac{9}{x^2 + y^2 + 2 x^2 y^2}}$
ugh latex is breaking hang on
Melvin Eugene Punymier
$\exp\left(\lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} {\frac{9}{x^2 + y^2 + 2 x^2 y^2}} \lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} \ln{\left(9+2x^2 + 2y^2\right)}\right)$
Melvin Eugene Punymier
there we go 🙂
seems i need to do reading on this 😄
meh, barely.
i didn't follow how we got the 9 there but everything else was clear 🫡
you know that "exp" is "e^(something)", right?
isn't the 9 in your limit twice?
looks right to me, I copied it the same way you wrote it?
thats a 1
you've made it this far in math classes writing your 1s like 9s???
yes 😭
or 7s
But yeah so everything else makes sense then
oh good!
yeah and it really wouldn't matter what number that is for this limit anyway
which we can solve by using product law
the inner function is the product of two functions
yup
the outer function and inner function had to be continuous to use composition law lim f[g(x)] = f[lim g(x)]
and the factors f(x) and g(x) need to be continous at the limit for lim f(x)*g(x) = lim f(x)* lim g(x) to work too
which they usually are...this being math homework.
wow, everything went in my brain and acctaully stayed. nicely explained 🫡
ill return the favor by writing my 1s better in the future
🫡
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Can I cancel units cubed with units squared? I'm trying to find the weight of brass required in kilograms (density is 8.73g/cm3) from an area of 3508cm2
When I cancelled the units out, I got a total of 30,624.84g, 30.62kg, but for the project I want that seems wildly high
nvm, its late and I made a really dumb error
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can anyone explain how 2nd to 3rd transition
knief
$\frac{x|x|}{x+2} - 1 = \frac{x|x|}{x+2} - \frac{x+2}{x+2}$
knief
oh thats dumb from me srry
then distribute the negative
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anyone help me do this.....i dont know where to even start
ping me plz as im not here
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anyone??
plz ping me
Try to get rid of abs value by spliting the interval of solving
Rewrite as a piecewise function your expression
squaring would work but it'd be lengthy asf
could you explain in a bit more detail
my first thought was to square both sides to get rid of modulus
But since the question is big we have to apply a different method
any tips on how to
i suggest don't try it because it take alot of time
takes
if you could show me the soln in like a paper thatd be great but maybe like a general walkthrough if you dont have the time
is it really that hard?
not hard just takes alot of time
so whats the approach i should take
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I don’t get the intuition behind how a change in power is all it took to take it from converging to diverging, both graphs approach 0 at infinity, I know it algebraically adds up, but how can one be finite and one be infinite?
because the rates at which they approach 0 are different
not entirely sure what you're confused about here
Sure, I agree, but how does that make such a significant difference, the rate at which graphs approach 0 can be different yet both can still converge
it just does lol
How?
This also confuses me intuitively
It makes sense mathematically, but not mentally, you know?
Anyways, I tried asking Meta AI about explaining it to me, and this is what it said:
The intuition behind convergence/divergence of series like ∑1/x^n (p-series) lies in the rate at which terms decrease.
Convergence (p > 1)
For ∑1/x^(p+1), terms decrease rapidly (e.g., 1/x^2, 1/x^3). The sum of these terms is finite because:
Each term is smaller than the previous.
The decrease accelerates.
Think of it like a snowball rolling down a hill, slowing down rapidly due to friction. The snowball's kinetic energy (term value) decreases quickly.
Divergence (p ≤ 1)
For ∑1/x (or ∑1/x^p with p ≤ 1), terms decrease slowly (e.g., 1/x, 1/√x). The sum is infinite because:
Terms decrease, but slowly.
The harmonic series (p = 1) is a border case.
Imagine a snowball rolling down a hill with negligible friction. The snowball's kinetic energy decreases slowly, and it travels far.
Critical threshold (p = 1)
The harmonic series (∑1/x) is a critical case:
1/x + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... = ∞
This series diverges, but slowly.
Why the power matters
Increasing the power (p) accelerates term decrease:
1/x^2 decreases faster than 1/x
1/x^3 decreases faster than 1/x^2
This acceleration affects convergence:
∑1/x^2 converges (∑1/n^2 = π^2/6)
∑1/x diverges (∑1/n = ∞)
The power changes the rate at which terms approach 0, influencing convergence.
Intuitive analogy
Consider filling a bucket with water:
Convergent series (∑1/x^2): Water flows rapidly, filling the bucket to a finite level.
Divergent series (∑1/x): Water flows slowly, overflowing the bucket.
The power (p) controls the flow rate.
!nogpt
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oh hectic, I thought the analogy might help. whoops, I'll refrain from using the tool on here in future then; my apologies
do you have any intuition by chance
what exactly are you confused by in this sentence
Well graphically they both appear similar, and both approach 0 as x approaches infinity, I don’t see why the rate at which they approach 0 determines whether they converge or not if they both “reach” that point eventually
what is "they"
Graphs
1/x and 1/x^2
they approach 0 at different rates
it’s obvious when looking at 1/x^p when p< 0 but p=1 itself makes no sense to me
So does 1/x^2 and 1/x^3 though, I don’t see it as grounds to determine convergence
It is obvious that 1/x^-2 doesn’t converge
right
But I can’t draw a parallel similar to that seen in p=1
for $p \neq 1$, then we have $\int \frac{1}{x^p} dx = \frac{x^{-p+1}}{{-p+1}} + C$
riemann
when $p=1$, what's the antiderivative?
riemann
1/0?
riemann
Yes
what is it
$\frac{ln|x|}{x*ln(b)}$?
Nathan
riemann
?
fix this answer
log is based on 10 by default no?
no
ln isn’t log
also wrong
not in higher math but sure
Nathan
This is just lnx
yes
so why is this confusing you
I thought you were asking me to plug in 1 to what you determined next it it I thought it was a big reveal or something
Because it doesn’t really answer my questions
Both approach 0
Meaning it’s essentially a bounded area
wrong
I guess ln(x) approaches infinity sure, but I’m saying graphically it makes no sense to me
$\lim_{b \to \y} \int_1^b \frac{dx}{x} = \lim_{b \to \y} \log(b) = + \y$
riemann
,w plot log(x)
this logic is your main flaw
The antiderivative doesn’t approach 0 yeah I know
I know the other one does, but why must it
Again I understand it algabraicly I’m not asking to be told that lnx approaches infinity, I’m saying graphically 1/x and 1/x^2 both approach 0 why can’t they both have finite areas intuitively
have you seen the divergence of the harmonic series?
and how that compares to the integral of 1/x
@unborn atlas Has your question been resolved?
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would this be...
a) False (cusp at x = -1)
b) True
c) 2 (x = -1, 0)
d) 2 (x = -1, 0)
e) Down
f) False (2nd derivative is negative because the function is concave down at x = 1)
?
@nova basin Has your question been resolved?
@nova basin Has your question been resolved?
Yeah that all looks correct, do you have any specific doubts about any of your answers you want to discuss more maybe?
the graders said c was incorrect i guess? not sure why
I guess it depends on what their definition of critical number is, I'm kind of rusty myself I forget if it means the derivative is 0 or if that also includes when the derivative is undefined or not
Paul's online notes seems to agree that it's when it's undefined so I think you're right. So that matches since at -1, 0 are the only points in that interval (-2,2) where that's satisfied
it might be possible that some people only call it a critical point when the derivative is 0 and not when it's undefined and they're using that convention? You'd have to ask your teacher on that before/after class or at office hours I think and see if you can get points back
or email them maybe
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i just realized x = 1.5
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Hello , this might be a stupid question , but ; when f(x) = x^2 , we have the completed square (x+2)^2 - 5 , to translate the graph we sub x+2 , therefore f(x+2) = f(x+2)^2 , why do we subtract 2 to get back to the original (f(x) = x^2) , I understand its to translate the graph horizontally by -2 , but how does this get you back to the origin ? It gets you further away
@dapper crane Has your question been resolved?
g(x) = f(x+2) moves f(x) 2 units to the left.
If you want to get back, then notice that g(x-2) = f((x-2)+2) = f(x), which is equivalent to translating g 2 units to the right, i.e undoing the translation you did to f in the first place
Maybe I incorrectly worded my 'question' , I'm trying to understand why ,by subtracting 2 from f(x+2) gets you a different x^2 curve compared to an x^2 curve that passes through the origin .
You mean why is f(x+2)-2 != f(x)?
f(x+2) is translated 2 to the left
Then you subtract 2 from it, that means you translate it 2 down
So the total graph has been moved 2 to the left and 2 down
Not back to its original state
were subtracting 2 to get back to f(x) no ?
sorry i dont understand what you mean by 2 down as well ? I thought its just 2 left
When you subtract inside the function, the translation obtained is horizontal
yep
When you add/subtract outside, it’s vertical
Think of x^2.
Clearly (x+2)^2 is not the same as x^2 + 2
ye thats true
The former has been translated 2 units to the left, the latter 2 units up
ah ok ,
but i still dont get why our aim is to get to f(x)
like , f(x) = x^2 , sub x+2 --> f(x+2) = (x+2)^2 , then subtract 2 (hence translate left by 2) to get to f(x) = x^2
but if we subtract 2 it results in f(x) = x^2 which is just a parabolic curve that crosses through origin
What is your original problem
no problem im just trying to understand , (ifyou need to know its x^2 + 4x - 1 -> (x+2)^2 - 4 -1 -> (x+2)^2 - 5 -> a curve thats minimum point is 2,-5 )
There is no “need” to get f(x)
isnt that the theory to draw the curve
And I don’t see what you’re trying to do here. If anything you would start with f(x)=x^2 and then sub in x+2 so as to get
f(x+2) = (x+2)^2
And then subtract 5 to get
g(x) = f(x+2) - 5 = (x+2)^2 - 5
Then g represents your function f that was translated left by 2 and down by 5
So if you want to draw the curve that’s helpful because x^2 is easy to draw and your function (x+2)^2 - 5 is just that but translated
so we use f(x) = (x+2 )^2 to help draw the curve
it isnt the theory to understand why we shift to the left by 2 ?
If you have a function g and a reference function f then if you can write g(x) = f(x-h) + k, that means that g is actually f translated h units to the right and k units up
In other words the origin has moved to (h,k)
sorry I dont understand this g stuff ? is it f(x) ? but like a superior ?
ohhhh
this is making a bit more sense
so does g(x) represent the origin ?
g is just another function that is a translated version of f
So if you take the gtaph of f, and move the whole axes to (h,k), the new graph is the graph of g
so g(x) = f(x+2)^2 - 5
Yes
So that is equivalent to sending the origin to (-2,-5)
ahhhhh ok , because in videos / images it show a new curve has been translated on the same axis they use
but in reality its just, the parabolic curve hasn't moved, the axis has moved instead ?
I think you would benefit with playing a bit with desmos
I used to be able to share a desmos graph idk how to anymore
But yes the idea is that the curve has moved
You’ve moved its whole axes
the 'idea' or reality ?
like is it just to explain it more easily , instead of having to teach the whole g(x) method or whatever in order to understand that the origin has moved
I mean f is still the same, g is a curve whose graph is the same as f but translated
?
f is still defined just like you did in the beginning. It's g that is a representation of the graph of f that has been translated
making a little bit more sense ...
so g(x) = f(x+2)^2 - 5 is an 'imaginary' curve ?
and f(x) is still there we can see it
There is a reference curve, the one you're comparing to. And a resultant curve, that is the application of the transformation you're doing to it, such as translating by h to the right and k up
They still exist, just one is a translation of the other
x^2 is a reference function
x^2 + 1 can be seen as x^2 translated 1 upwards
You could also think of x^2 + 1 as a reference function
And then x^2 is x^2 + 1 translated 1 downwards
reference = f(x) , the resultant is g(x) , g(x) is an application of transformation on f(x)
