#help-27
1 messages · Page 134 of 1
Decreasing doesn't necessarily mean the limit is 0
how do I check if it's bounded
decreasing and never being negative?
1, 1 - 1/4, 1 - 1/4 - 1/8, 1 - 1/4 - 1/8 - 1/16 is also decreasing, but doesn't converge to 0
no, this is another sequence to demonstrate the principle
Have you proven a_n is decreasing btw?
no
that's what I'm asking
how do I prove it
i can see that it is decreasing
but I don't know how to prove it
This is fine you just need it to be eventually decreasing
it seems that it is.
but how do I prove it though
Induction
ahh ok
lemme try it
but
what would I use as my induction basis?
i thought I have to use the smallest/first term
and it doesn't really follow the decreasing pattern in the first few terms
You can start anywhere with your induction basis, but you will only prove it's decreasing for numbers larger than your induction basis
Yeah when doing your induction you will probably need n to be bigger than something
So your base case will whatever that is +1
Yeah, so for the inductive step assume that a_(n + 2) < a_(n + 1) < a_n
why not just a_n+1<a_n?
wait nvm
its just the two steps in one
yeah, this way you can do induction in one go, otherwise there might things like odd and even separately
ok i'm working on it
bro im struggly with the induction part
where do I go from here? have I done something wrong?
The trick is to rewrite the recursion this way $$a_{n+2}<\frac{1}{3}a_{n}+\frac{1}{2}a_{n}$$
Jelle
$$a_{n+2}<\frac{1}{3}a_{n}+\frac{1}{2}a_{n-1}$$
AzerimA
You leave the 1/2a_n unchanged
oh
is it because we know that a_n is larger than a_n+1 so if we replace it with something bigger the equation still holds?
Yeah, a_n > a_n+1
and that's valid cuz it's our induction assumption right?
Yeah, I think the best way is to do strong induction actually and assume the sequence is decreasing up to a_(n+2)
because there is a gap between a_(n + 2) and a_n
what is strong induction?
You assume the inductive hypothesis is true for all k <= n and then prove it will also be true for n + 1
Yeah, well N_0 <= k <= n at least
where you started at N_0 with your induction basis
but in this case assuming the previous 2 values also works
my N_0 is 3 in my case
but it doesn't tho
a_3 is larger than a_2
and a_2 is larger than a_1 and it is larger than a_0
wait nvm
just assume the previous 2 values, that's easier
a_0 < a_1 and a_1 > a_2 and a_3 > a_2
which two values?
u mean a_0 and a_1?
assume it's true for a_n and a_n+1, then it will be true for a_n+2, but also still for a_n+1
I don't understand what you mean by that
You know it's true for a_n and a_n+1, then you want to prove it's also true for a_n+1 and a_n+2, you keep shifting them a place
yes
I just noticed that my way only proves a_n+2 < a_n for all n, not a_n+1 < a_n, sorry
I think you have to do induction on 2 bounds at the same time
I suspect you can prove a_n+1 > 0 and a_n+1 < 5/6a_n or something like that
what does that mean
bro I'm gonna go to sleep. thanks for you help.
You can open a new channel if you want tomorrow, hopefully somebody else can help
if you found out how it is supposed to be solved, drop me a dm
if u end up working on it
yeah
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Can someone help me with part b please?
whats up?
have you drawn a diagram of some kind for the scenario?
yeah
you didnt multiply Td by its distance from c
oh okay I see
Can I dm to ask some maths question please, if you think that is okay
i dont do dm
oh okay
Can you help me with this question please?
https://discord.com/channels/268882317391429632/1174450473944748142
@dense jay
Thank you
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Hi, I'm trying to understand this proof. My question is: If I'm using contraposition, how should I write the statement? For example, if 'x' is a negative number and 'n' is an even number, then 'x^n' is a negative number, the contraposition will be: if x^n is not a negative number, then x is not a negative number or n is not an even number
Well just "plainly", it'd be "if there isn't at least one box with at least ceil{N/k} objects, then there aren't N objects in the k boxes"
It can be a bit weird at times
you could e.g. phrase this one as a proof by contradiction, which basically does the exact same thing
was going to be my suggestion.
In fact, the proof is pretty much identical

you're not happy with proof by contradiction?
Well basically for by contradiction, you'd assume that N objects are in the k boxes, but that you don't have at least one box that has ceil{N/k} objects
Everything they said basically then gets you to that within the k boxes, you must have less than N objects
But that contradicts what they've shown
It is a bit annoying here in this case negating the statements 
Why I'm adding and resting the one in the yellow part?, and the light blue part is definition of ceil function?, how that inequality shows me that I have less N objects? I still without understand why that is a contradiction 
For the blue part, if N/k is an integer then you know that ceil{N/k} = N/k, and that’s strictly less than (N/k) + 1
If N/k is not an integer then you know that because ceil{N/k} is the next integer greater than N/k, you have ceil{N/k} - N/k < 1 (because the distance between any two integers is at most 1)
You’ve basically assumed that no boxes have at least ceil{N/k} objects, so all boxes must have less than ceil{N/k} objects, and cause the quantity of objects is integer you then would need to have ceil{N/k} - 1 objects or less
The “largest” possibility is that all of those k boxes have the ceil{N/k} - 1 objects, which is how they get this:
They then basically replace the ceil{N/k} with the blue part you’ve mentioned, which is how the yellow ends up appearing
If any of that makes it clear? (I’m assuming not
)
I'm reading, english is not my native language 
do let me know if i need to explain anything 
If N/k is not an integer why do you say that the distance between any two integers is at most 1?
N/k is in between two integers basically, so like the worst case you could have is something like this (one second)
Excuse the bad drawing, on mobile 
But like say N/k isn’t an integer, then the ceiling is you rounding it up
But that green distance has to be less than 1, otherwise you’d be able to find another integer that would be closer to N/k
If that makes it any clearer?
perfect 
How can I replace it if I isn't a equality?
Because it’s an inequality and k is positive, you just keep the < as is
yes yes, sorry for being slow
It happens
don’t be sorry, we’re all here to help you! 
So I get that my total number of objects is < than my N objects, and that is the contradiction?
Yep, you assumed that there were N objects to begin with, but then conclude that there aren’t N objects
But that’s impossible 
thank you so much <<<333
Always a pleasure to help you 
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let P be a polynomial fuction and p(x)=x^4-mx^3+4x^2-6x+8 if (x-2) is a factor what is value of m?
help?
then due to Bezout Theorem P(2) = 0
i plug in x for 2
and get 28-8m=0
solve for m?
which is 7/2
yes
7/2
bezouts theorem ?
and it would be plus?
wat
like if it was negative 7/2
yes
just replace m with 7/2
it would be -(-7/2)
if its -m its -7/2
which is 7/2
isnt it factor theorem ?
in english literature it is caleld Polynomial remainder theorem
what if m was -7/2?
would it be -(-7/2)
which is +7/2
yes
so that is the method for those types of questions?
idk factor theorem ?
In algebra, the polynomial remainder theorem or little Bézout's theorem
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oh little Bézout's theorem is diff to bezouts theorem probs
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What’s the definition of a factorial?
Well how can you simplify something if you don’t know what it means
What does ! Mean
idk how to explain it with a variable but i know 5! is 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5
write (2n+1)! in terms of (2n)! * something
like replace n with a number?
So what would (n)! Mean
idk i guess n * n ?
is 5! = 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1
im lost cause ive never done a factorial with a variabl;e
n! = ?
What’s 3!
What’s 4!
1 * 2 * 3 * 4
lmao
I would say 1 * 2 * 3 * … * 9 * 10
mhm
i have no clue im so lost
Or perhaps what would 20! Look like?
Knowing this
n * n *n ... n ?
Try 20! First
like write it out or simplify it
if n=5 then you are saying 5! = 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5
Do what I did here for 10!
i thought that would be 5^5
it would be
Let’s try 20! First
im saying based on ur definition here (which is why its wrong)
What about 25!
1 * 2 * 3 ... 24 * 25
So a cool thing you might notice is you always start with 1, 2, 3, etc
mhm?
(Unless you’re asked 2! In which case it ends at 1 * 2)
mhm
So in general we might want to say
n! = 1 * 2 * 3 * … * (n-1) * n
Does that make sense?
why is it n -1
Why is it 9
oh ok
Why is it 19
i get it
Why is it 24
Yeah right
So what would (n+1)! Look like?
With the 1 * 2 * 3 * … at the front
Now we might notice the first n terms just make n!
So then (n+1)! = n! * (n+1)
they ar ethe same?
yeah
Well that first part is just n!
oh so going back to this i get it now
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So the teacher was trying to find the solution of x^3=1
Yet, it so singular that it seems like he forecasted the solution
I mean how does he knew k=1,2 are the solutions?
It is impossible
the root of n-th degree is a set of n eleemnts in comlpelx number set
so cube root is a set consisted of three elements
So the “k” would always be integer, I suppose
yes, we start from k = 0
so if we have three elements, you write
k=0, k = 1, k = 2
you use , of course, the formula for elements of nht-root, that can be also derived fm de Moivre theoerm but to compute, you may use ready formula
it can also be interpreted as the vertices n of a regular polygon that lie on a circle with a radius equal to the arithmetic root n of this degree
so if oyu have cube root, you take 360 degrees and you divide by 3, so roots lie on 0, 120, 240, degress
i just simpklify my explanaiton
Why it is a regular polygon?
to have all angles equal
I can’t understand why they have to be equivalent
Is there any property of nth-root that attributes to this phenomenon
i wouild start explanations from de Moivre theorem, do you know it ?
I do, it basically just many of Z being multiplying together IMO
which we know how to compute the result
then if you replace n with 1/n, you get for z^(1/n) right ?
yes
and then you can derive the formula for comlpelx roots
arguemnt of cosne and sine wil be (ϕ + 2k𝝅) / n, where k = 0, , 2, , ... n - 1
and ϕ = arg z, arguemtn fo comlelx number z
yes exactly
but you need to rememebr ab the period
of trig fucntions
im quite famillar with them
But is it related to find the nth-root
yes
I have no clue, I still can't understand why these "angles have to be equivalent"
which result in a regular polygon
let's start this frm : let x = Re(z^1/n) and y = Im(z^1/n)
then you can derive the eqautiuon of the circle
Re? lm?
yes real part and imagjanry part
i see
squaRES?
i see
that is the distance from it to the origin
yes
that shwos oyu relation
to this circle
where vertices of polygon lie
in other words, nicer words, every nth root of comexl number is a vertice
of such polygon
but due to tri periods they rep[eat itself
how to say, wioth sme angle disdtance
repeat every same number of degrees
to be exact thsi angle distance is
2kPi / n
look
cos (( θ + 2kPi)/n) , the period
si what i wrote above
im not sure what do you mean by "take sum for their squares"
is it what you mean, which presented on the paper
no
then i suppose you mean |Z|^2?
you wrote de moivre
it s good
adn now let x be your real part of you wrote
and y be an imaginary part
of what you wrote
and then do this x^2 + y^2
sum of sqaures
I see
to be faster i wrote what you shud get =
x^2 + y^2 = R^2, whhere R is the nth root of z
no ) i msut make pdf
ohhh
<@&286206848099549185> can someone help continue the proving process
we're trying to prove that it is true
this is the part that shows that the root lies on a circle of radius R
and now, from the period of trigonometric functions, we see that the roots are the vertices of a regular polygon
the base period is equal T = 2𝝅 / n
I see, as x^2 + y^2 = R will form a circle on the plane.
It is terrific
trig idenity si also used among calcualtiosn but i omit those clear calcualtions
but the conclusion you shdu take from it, is that all roots of comlelx number lies on this circle
And the distances between roots are all equivalent on the plane
yes yes
Which might result in a line, triangle, or polygon
thai is conclusion trival one
if you can see all circle in your mind, then you can compute those roots
jsut in mind
no need formula
“Formula” what specific formula is it
in my pdf, first line
yes but soem pl prefer to computer on numbers )
Thank you for explaining those
that depends on yoru audience, students
I will add them to my note, thank you
yvw)
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is there any way that we can get a range of 70 quantile when mean = 80 sd = 10 in standard normal distribution
might want a better word than range
and the answer is z table
not using a z table
im so confused
Can we get a "range of X Random varibable" w/o using a ztable?
eh, you’re supposed to memorize 1/2/3 stds away and in general it’s intractable do to by hand
im so sorry for bothering but could you show me. an example?
@bleak tiger Has your question been resolved?
@bleak tiger Has your question been resolved?
@bleak tiger Has your question been resolved?
@bleak tiger Has your question been resolved?
@bleak tiger Has your question been resolved?
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Hey I need help with proving this:
Let 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ be non-empty and upper bounded. Show that there then exists a sequence (𝑎_𝑛) with 𝑎_𝑛 ∈ 𝐴 for all 𝑛 ∈ ℕ and lim𝑛→∞ 𝑎_𝑛 = sup𝐴.
I tried to define a sequence (a_n) which is defined on A and is corresponding to the Monotonicity criterion so that a_n < a_(n+1)
But I think I'm missing something and doing it completly wrong
I did a bit of research and I think i need to work with the upper bounds of A. So that E contains all upper bounds of A so that, a_n < I (with I ∈ E)
and we also have sup A = s < I
ok
I had it in a lecture but i think i didnt got it very well
i think i got it
you explained it well enough to get me further
that's what i needed
thank you!
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.rrcw
,rccw
,w derivative of \frac{2}{x-2}
@summer edge
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Discrete math and transitive help her.
Let's say we have the relation {<1,2>,<2,3>,<1,3>,<4,5>}. If we only had {<1,2>,<2,3>,<1,3>} I know it's transitive. But is it still transitive with the <4,5>?
Yeah, the condition of transitivity is not contradicted by including <4, 5>
Yes, <4,5> does not produce any new chains like <x,y> AND <y,z>
ok
But let's say we add <5,6> in there
is it not transitive now?
Since we don't have the <4,6>
@wooden veldt @sonic smelt
Correct
Indeed
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✅
{<1,1>,<2,2>,<1,2>,<3,3>,<4,4>,<3,4>} Why is this one transitive @wooden veldt @sonic smelt ?
Why should it not be transitive?
the definition is if x related to y and y related to z, then x must be related to z right?
Right
So it's just because y is not related to any z?
hello
What do you mean by that?
can someone help me on math homework
Open your own channel, #❓how-to-get-help
oh sorry
well 1 is related to 2, and 2 is not related to anything else then 2
Yeah
therefor it's transitive ?
If you have x = y or y = z, then the condition of transitivity becomes trivially true
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Taken
,rotate
find f(-x) and see if it equals f(x), which would make it even, or if it equals -f(x), which would make it odd
How do i do this in piecewise funcs?
wherever you see an x, replace it with -x
yup
So it’s even?
simplify the inequalities
Oh
which one of these does f(-x) equal?
,rotate
looks good
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Is it right that limit of 1/+inf = 1/-inf = 0?
1/+inf and 1/-inf are not numbers
If you meant this
[ \lim_{x\to\infty}\frac1x = \lim_{x\to-\infty}\frac1x = 0 ]
Then, yes, this is right
A Lonely Bean
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f(n) = 2npi+pi/2
why is this function one to one and onto?
sinx=1
x=2npi+pi/2
sin(2npi+pi/2)=1
thats what im supposed to find
but
idk why its one to one or onto
Assuming the domain is integers, what's your codomain
Technically you can restrict the codomain of any function and that would make it a bijection
it'd be irrationals ?
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What are these type of equations called? When I look up adding fractions on khan its not the same as these
That’s just adding, subtracting, and multiplying numbers
It’s not really a type of equation, it’s just addition subtraction and multiplication
How do you go about doing it without a calculator? For the first addition I added each row individually and got the correct number but the second one was way off
I mean there’s lots of ways to go about it, there’s probably people better suited to answer your question than me, I just kinda do it so I don’t have a great explanation of how
each row individually sounds like the right way and the wrong way at the same time
but also "the wrong way" should work too
Well the first one I added each row from the right So 1+7+1 9 then 7+1+1 9 then 5+2+1 and 899
but the second one doing that I got like 181824
yeah that's the right way, each column
Are you remembering that when something adds up to say 11, you need to carry a 1 to the next decimal place and add it there?
So the 2nd one I star far right 5+8+2+9 = 24
yeah, you should get 2 digits, you write the first digit above first row
Carry the 2?
yes
To the next row or first row?
okay
okay perfect I got it
so it the subrtracting the same
is*
anyone here
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Hello
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I'm asked to determine period, amplitude and the eq. of the axis of the trig function
then to write equation of function
I've determined the following so far
period: 4pi
k: 1/2
q: -2
how do I determine if this is a sine, cosine or tan graph?
or if it's been shifted
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Is this right correct me if I’m not
Looks good!
@lavish cypress Has your question been resolved?
Would it be 15 or 30
what have you tried? Also your previous question was resolved so would have been better to open a new channel
oh i think its 30
cause inscribed
@lavish cypress Has your question been resolved?
@lavish cypress Has your question been resolved?
@lavish cypress Has your question been resolved?
@lavish cypress I think the answer is second option
Aditya gamer
@lavish cypress
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<@&286206848099549185>
@atomic rivet Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
@atomic rivet Has your question been resolved?
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looks like symmetric polynomials to me
or actually nvm
yeah
you should get $xyz(x-y-z)=0$ and $xy-xz-yz=0$
artemetra
maybe vieta should work somehow
but how?
@frozen aurora have u cooked the solution
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Do you just have to have the triplets memorized or something? Lmao
or have euclid's proof for generating triplets memorized?
well you should know the most basic one (and you could scale that up)
you don't need to consider that much since 24 is so low
3,4,5
5,12,13
are ones you should remember
what if i didn't remember them?
mb, I misread the question
lol
if you can't remember 3,4,5
you're stuffed
it comes up quite frequently in trig/geo questions
so worth remembering too
generating some takes a bit more work, but isn't actually that bad
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Btw
Area of isosceles triangle is
1/2 base x height
But here why do they
Take height = base ?
@real topaz Has your question been resolved?
it's isoceles, meaning two sides are equal
but it's a right-angled triangle too
so the two short sides must be the equal ones
because the hypotenuse is gonna be longer
so base = height
@real topaz
Ah ok
I was a bit confused because they didn't equal the base and height in other question that was similar to this one
right
.
I think you're confused about what the "base" is
Hm?
The formula 1/2 base * height works for any triangle, not just isosceles
Yes
Ok here is an isosceles triangle
And here is the same but on its side
The "base" of an isosceles triangle can refer to the side that is not equal to the other two, but here the base is just for calculating area
It can be any side, as long as you pick the corresponding height (which is perpendicular)
And if the triangle is also a right triangle, then you can take the base as one of the legs and the height as the other leg
(it should be obvious that the area of a isosceles right triangle is half the area of a square, with the legs being two sides of that square)
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can anyone help me with Divide Remainder Theorem
this one
It just says here to Divide
This is polynomial long division
yeah how do you solve it?
i need help ;D
use synthetic division
Well, use the procedure of polynomial long division.
Divide the term of highest order in the dividend through the highest order term in the divisor (p^4/p)
You get p^3
$p^3−p^2−5p+5$ with a remainder of -1
Pure2
,w synthetic division
look into that
I just need a guide
even though if i read that i'll still won't get it
those this work?
P(-6) = (-6)^4 + 5(-6)^3 - 11(-6)^2 - 25(-6) + 29
= 1296 - 1080 - 396 + 150 + 29
= -1
hello?
oh but can i still use
Remainder Theorem?
usel long division/modular arithmetic/synthetic division to get the quotient
synthetic division will be the easiest
idk how though huhu
is this the one?
is this what you trying to mean?
Pure2
search up a youtube video
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how can i solve these two?
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hi
i get 64 but there is no 64
Number of cubes along the length = 8cm / 2cm =4
Number of cubes along the width = 8cm / 2cm = 4
Number of cubes along the height = 8cm / 2cm = 4
That would be how many are in the box, not touching the box
4x4x4=64
Read the question
Ok
You have four layers, how many cubes in the top layer are touching the box?
Number of cubes along the length = 8cm / 2cm =4
Number of cubes along the width = 8cm / 2cm = 4
Number of cubes along the height = 8cm / 2cm = 4
4x4x4=64
i do this
what is the problem
İsnt İt be all the boxes?
Oh ok
İ read it wrong
bro think i cant do this
i write i can`t😂
Uh ok, language barrier I guess
😂
That doesnt works nvm
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finish
.close
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How can I integrate this through partial fraction decomposition? Seems like I'm back where I started
@real cove Has your question been resolved?
you should be doing a trig sub here
Like what?
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$\int \frac{du}{u^2+1} = \arctan(u) + C$
riemann
✅
Actually you don't have to use partial fraction decomposition
What do I use then?
You can write it as $\int ( \frac{n}{(n^2+1)^2} + \frac{1}{(n^2+1)^2} ) dx$
Then the first one will be a simple u-substitution and the the second one trig substitution
Alireza
You can write it as $\int \( \frac{n}{(n^2+1)^2} + \frac{1}{(n^2+1)^2} ) dx$
Then the first one will be a simple u-substitution and the the second one trig substitution
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See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
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...
l.57 You can write it as $\int \(
\frac{n}{(n^2+1)^2} + \frac{1}{(n^2+1)^2} ...
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That's what I did, I got the first part right
The second one I could do n = tanx and I end up with sec^4(x) ?
Did you substitute in dn too?
Any time 😁
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I got stuck.. what do I do next? or is my answer already wrong? (note: we still didn't take L'hopital) ||(also.. the answer is -9/50 showed in this booklet)||
this is the referance
How'd you get this?
[don't forget the limits btw]
I rationalized 1-cos(3h)
oh yeah mbmb
Yep, figured, and what happened when you did that?
oh yeah speaking about it I forgot to put another sin(3h)
wait I think I can solve it now
What I was hinting at 
lool I thought of multiplying (1/h)^2 both sides.. but I couldn't do it since there's only one sin in the top
Welllllll also another comment too, assumedly you got those sin(5h) through Pythagoras, but you'd introduce a negative sign when that happens
And how do you mean?
ohh
this
So I think you should have something like $\lim_{h\to 0}\pqty{ -\frac{1}{1 + \cos(3h)} \frac{\sin^2(3h)}{\sin^2(5h)} }$
@upper schooner
And that's a decent idea, it works 
yeah but I still don't get the negative part
Alternatively multiply by h^2/h^2
Because $1 - \cos^2(5h) = \sin^2(5h)$, but you have $\cos^2(5h) - 1$, so you have to multiply by -1
@upper schooner
Like $\cos^2(5h) - 1 = -(1 - \cos^2(5h)) = -\sin^2(5h)$
@upper schooner
no problem 
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I moved to equal = x^2 + 2x-3
factor = (x-1)(x+3)
so i put in
[-3,1]
but it say no good 4 the answer
x^2 + 2x -3 >= 0 tho
not equal****
Think about the shape of quadratic
i mean between x intercepts is below zero
Right
draw the thing out with x intercepts at 1 and -3
Listen to my student
0 <= x^2+2x-3, i think x^2 +2x -3 => 0 is equivelent
so i had wrong
because its opposite
im programmer so this notation makes sense to me
=>
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@prime egret .

@prime egret sir, can i be your student too?
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I’m not too sure how to set this equation up. As this is a harmonic oscillator it has to he a second order ode and idk how to make that
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Order f(x) f(0)
0 7sin5x 0
1 35cos5x 35
2 -175sin5x 0
3 -875cos5x -875
4 4375sin5x 0
oh thats nice of them to provide you all this information
i did 5 derivs
are they asking you to find it to a certain order
or just find the infinite one
but i cant see the way to express the pattern
infinite
well there are a few ways
from n=0
you can use this but its not going to be fun
you can alternatively work out the maclaurin series for $e^{ix}$
jan Niku
idk any other ways
because $e^{ix} = \cos x + i \sin x$
jan Niku
you just take every piece of the series with an i attached to it
and the series for e^(ix) is very easy
try this:
work out the series for sinx
just sinx
using $f(x) = \sum _{n=0} ^\infty \frac{ f^{(n)} (0) }{ n! } x^n$
jan Niku
do you think you could do this?
like what i did with the whole thing
but just sinx
?
yea
i mean we can kind of walk through it, if you want
but i dont wanna just start rattling it off i fyou want the practice
so the scary piece here is $f^{(n)} (0)$
jan Niku
but it doesnt end up being so bad
f here is sine
whats the zeroth derivative of sine evaluated at 0?
(no derivative)
sine
ye
so, for the n=0 term, it actually vanishes
you found something like this in your table
we can maybe notice that like
the second derivative of sin(x) is -sin(x)
which is also 0 at 0
so it seems like every other term is going to vanish
start with n=0,2,4,...
now we gotta do the odd derivatives
whats the first derivative of sine? what is it evaluated at 0?
ye
alright
we know the next derivative up is -sin(x) and thats 0
whats the derivative of -sin(x)?
(were on term n=3, now)
-cosx
at 0?
-1
yup
so, do you think you can write out $f^{(n)} (0)$ for any n?
it seems like 0, 1, 0, -1, ...
jan Niku
this is where i get stuck
well, lets start with a guess
am i looking at the answers or derivs
were trying to work out $f^{(n)} (0)$, in general
jan Niku
heres something that might help
$f(x) = \sum _{n=0} ^\infty \frac{ f^{(n)} (0) }{ n! } x^n$
jan Niku
evens
f(n+1)
say like... n=2m+1 for m=0,1,2,3,....
i wouldnt worry about it, sine and cosine are probably the hardest series to work out at first
do you believe that this gives up only the odd indeces?
ye 2 makes it even +1 makes it odd
ok
$f(x) = \sum _{m=0} ^\infty \frac{ f^{(2m+1)} (0) }{ (2m+1)! } x^{2m+1}$
okay, that term in the numerator is asking for the odd terms of the derivative evaluated at 0
before we reindexed, we had 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, .....
so if we just pull out the odd terms, what are they?
0,0,0
1, -1, 1
yea

yay! yes I understand it :D
perfect

