#help-26

1 messages · Page 173 of 1

neon iron
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ah ok

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great!

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ok but now, i have an issue

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because i get $\dfrac{\cos(6x^2)}{x^2} = \sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n \dfrac{6^{2n} \cdot x^{4n-2}}{(2n)!}$

thorny flameBOT
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Derivative

neon iron
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now if i subtract by 1/x^2 how will i incorporate this into the sum?

vernal matrix
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Naughty glassescat

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Anyways, consider how the actual summation you have looks like...

neon iron
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i dont know

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i just did what i could hahah

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did i invent math rules?

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🤣

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that happens to me when im lost hahahah

vernal matrix
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Well, I mean, I'm just being fussy nyaNana

vernal matrix
neon iron
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ah the 1/x^2 cancels

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thats great

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and then i find the 10th term

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?

vernal matrix
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Yep catokay

neon iron
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alright let me try

vernal matrix
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(but be a bit careful, it's a bit confusing NervousSweat)

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(In particular, the term corresponding to the coefficient of x^10)

neon iron
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ok

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do i make a new series after i cancel out the -1/x^2

vernal matrix
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You could, or write what you'd basically find $\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} (-1)^n\frac{6^{2n} \cdot x^{4n - 2}}{(2n)!}$ and see what the $x^{10}$ term's coefficient must be (or just write out the first few terms, shouldn't take too long)

neon iron
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isnt it 6^2*10

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the 10th coeficient

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n=10

vernal matrix
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Not quite, you want x^10, and n = 10 would give you x^38

neon iron
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ah ok

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n=3 then

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ok

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but here is my question

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my series does look ugly

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how do i make it look nicer

thorny flameBOT
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@vernal matrix

neon iron
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like you are right the x^4n-2 is pretty ugly

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but anyway if there is no other way so be it hahah

vernal matrix
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Not that much you can really do that'd make it any nicer sadcat

neon iron
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so my answer should be -6^2*3

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its wrong for some reason

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i must have got the series wrong then

vernal matrix
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Actually wait a moment bleakcat

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Ideally we should have something that's close to the "standard form" when you're centred about 0, the whole $\sum_k \frac{f^{(k)}(0)}{k!} x^k$, but here it's a bit messier as the power and factorial don't quite match up

thorny flameBOT
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@vernal matrix

neon iron
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yes

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so there must be a way to simplify it

raven field
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just a question what is the first term of the Taylor expansion of cos(6x)

neon iron
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i used the taylor exapsnion of cos(x)

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and then did cos(6x^2)

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and plugged in 6x^2 into x

raven field
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But the first term is 1 right ?

vernal matrix
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I'd think to just write out the x^10 term and work with it to get it in the right form thonk2

neon iron
vernal matrix
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In particular, it works out as $-6^6 \frac{x^{10}}{6!}$, and if we can make that denominator $10!$, we're happy

thorny flameBOT
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@vernal matrix

raven field
neon iron
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ah ok

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but i need cos(6x^2)tho

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because thats part of the function

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then i divide by x^2

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and subtract by 1/x^2 to get the taylor expansion of f(x)

raven field
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How about expanding it like this

vernal matrix
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Hence my suggestion to write the x^10 term out and manipulate it to be in the right form

raven field
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but doesn’t all the terms now divide by x^2 and when x=0 all terms are zero

vernal matrix
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I think you're misunderstanding what the question wants

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They want the tenth derivative, which is effectively "the stuff that multiplies x^10/10!"

neon iron
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ah ok

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i thought it was n=10

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f^n(0)

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but yes

neon iron
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thats the problem

raven field
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ohhhhh I reread the question sorry for the mistakes

vernal matrix
thorny flameBOT
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@vernal matrix

topaz sinewBOT
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@neon iron Has your question been resolved?

topaz sinewBOT
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topaz sinewBOT
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topaz sinewBOT
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@subtle gulch Has your question been resolved?

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subtle gulch
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.close

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broken matrix
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can someone tell me why in convolution when we shift the h(t) like integral f(τ)*h(t-τ) dt , why dont we substitute in the "delayed value" ?

sweet shard
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What are you even asking

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What substitution are you even talking about

vestal sigil
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we prefer leaving it as t and vary it from -oo to +oo

broken matrix
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the delayed - shifted value of h(t) over x(t)

vestal sigil
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and wherever theres ovrlapping, you integrate

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to find the response of the system

broken matrix
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but how the function gonna have the right values?

vestal sigil
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because before you evaluate the integral on a certain overlapping interval

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you substitute h(t-τ) by the expression of the function in that interval!

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its not always the same, it may differ depending on interval

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also, when you shift by t0, it becomes h(t0 - τ) right

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so youre only finding y(t0) ?

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we want to determine the whole signal y(t)

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not just one value of it!

broken matrix
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and how

vestal sigil
broken matrix
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it alter the signal

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with delayed signal

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after integration

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@vestal sigil

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that doesnt make any sense to me

vestal sigil
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setting t=t0, gives you the value of y(t0) only

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but we want the whole signal y(t)

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its useless to set t=t0

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we vary it from -oo to +oo

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to have the value of y(t) for all t in R

vestal sigil
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then you can let t=t0

broken matrix
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oke i got it

vestal sigil
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but if you want to determine the entire signal y(t), for all t in R

broken matrix
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thanks

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but how

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the h(t)

vestal sigil
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im bad at explaining, hopefully you really got it 😛

broken matrix
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is altered

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for the shifted valued

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@vestal sigil huh?

vestal sigil
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if h(t)=sin(t) for example, it does not get altered

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its always sin(t)

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but if h(t) is a square wave for example, then for some intervals it will be +A and for other intervals it will be -A

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you just gotta graphically shift h(τ)

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and decide what to substitute for h(t-τ)

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based on the overlapping interval

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this stuff is hard to explain like this

sweet shard
vestal sigil
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video on YT is better

vestal sigil
topaz sinewBOT
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smoky musk
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need help

topaz sinewBOT
smoky musk
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Translated: Solve the following Function for x

sweet shard
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Uhhh probably change your username

agile harness
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name is fire

smoky musk
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cant

sweet shard
agile harness
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damn

smoky musk
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I dont have the power to change it to "Big" or something like that

agile harness
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why not

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just hit edit profile

sweet shard
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Skill issue

smoky musk
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naw I dont want to actually change my name

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Only for this server so I dont get trouble

agile harness
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maybe they changed it for you

smoky musk
agile harness
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looks like angle sum

smoky musk
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thanks for changing

agile harness
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on the right

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do you remember the formula for sin(u-v)

bright trail
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If you want a particular nick I can give you it so long as it is sfw

smoky musk
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yeah, the problem is that I have to calculate by hand so I can´t do anything fancy that requires a calc

agile harness
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$\sin(u-v) = \sin(u)\cos(v) - \cos(u)\sin(v)$

thorny flameBOT
agile harness
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look familiar?

smoky musk
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you mean sin(u−v)=sin(u)*cos(v)−cos(u)*sin(v) right?

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yep

agile harness
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yea exactly what i wrote

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💀💀

smoky musk
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💀

agile harness
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🤦🏼‍♂️

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do better man

smoky musk
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sorry man

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lemme see if it works

agile harness
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apology accepted

smoky musk
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one sec

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first I have to simplify before using right?

agile harness
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brother what

sweet shard
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Use the identity knief told you on the right side

sweet shard
smoky musk
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kk

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almost there

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Is this correct

sweet shard
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Plug your angle in to the starting equation to check

smoky musk
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Kk

agile harness
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$\sin(\frac{\pi}{3}) = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$?

thorny flameBOT
smoky musk
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ah so it´s correct

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Lemme try anyways one sec

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Got it thanks guys

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.close

topaz sinewBOT
#
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mild stratus
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a pleasant day to anyone there, I'm in real need of help with something

mild stratus
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it's somewhat related to physics but certainly applies trig

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I just wanna understand it better

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got a project wherein we're trying to use a method of sound source localization with the use of two microphones

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and I'm having a hard time understanding how the process yields the angle of the sound source

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I have some ideas but I still can't quite grasp how the direction of the sound source could be found

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original link to the article

vernal vale
mild stratus
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I don't understand the relation of the sin function to finding the sound source

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where the specific angle is too

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thx for the response btw

vernal vale
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theres a lot in this diagram

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Do you wanna go over it a little

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or do you feel like you generally get the diagram

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since it really kinda says it all

mild stratus
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mhm, I would like a bit of an explanation, that would be nice

vernal vale
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okay, so you understand those two red lines, theyre the sound, and they come from a single point

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they move at the same speed, and the speed doesnt change, in this picture

mild stratus
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alright

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343m/s I take it?

vernal vale
vernal vale
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the exact speed

mild stratus
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mhm, on temp I believe

vernal vale
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humidity and other stuff

mild stratus
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mhm

vernal vale
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but youre probably talking about a change in ... whatever 330 to 340

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over a distance of whatever, 2 meters?

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youll have more errors from latency than using the wrong constant

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or idk i say that, id have to crunch the numbers KEK

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anyways

vernal vale
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so the blue lines connect the waves at certain points in time

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just imagine the red lines as individual sound waves, and they leave the object at the same time, at the same speed

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but in different directions

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so the distance between them grows, but we can always draw a line between them at some instant in time, and these will always be parallel to other lines we could draw at some other time

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good to there? @mild stratus

mild stratus
mild stratus
vernal vale
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okay

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one of these blue lines is in your other diagram

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its the adjacent side to the marked alpha angle

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so for some t value, both sound waves are at exactly the same place

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lets call the left wave Wave 1, it's just hit the first microphone

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but the right wave, Wave 2, is a little bit behind from hitting microphone 2

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it takes a little bit longer, since the distance is a little longer, it actually takes t+ delta t to reach microphone 2

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and in that time, it moves the final delta s remaining distance, from where it was just behind, to finally hitting the microphone 2

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Thats almost the entire physical picture. The only other piece is to know that the tiny distance it traveled, delta s, is just the speed it was moving, multiplied by the time it spent traveling

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@mild stratus physical picture good?

mild stratus
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oop, sorry for the late reply, hold on

mild stratus
vernal vale
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okay

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now you can tell me if you have problems with another picture

vernal vale
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there is a tiny simplification were applying here, but you might not even notice/care

mild stratus
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oh? alright

vernal vale
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important parts here

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we know d, in fact we can choose it by moving the microphones, so that's known

mild stratus
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right

vernal vale
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we "know" the speed of sound, and we are measuring delta t, so delta s is known

mild stratus
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yep

vernal vale
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now its just normal ol right triangle math

thorny flameBOT
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jan Niku

vernal vale
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since SOH (cah toa)

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and we're there happy

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a more advanced geometry problem: Remember that the blue lines are only parallel to each other, and they are actually all different lengths

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so where we drew a right angle, its actually a LITTLE bigger than 90 (how much bigger? what's the error we incur by assuming its only 90?)

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but maybe for another day happy

mild stratus
mild stratus
# vernal vale

also question, could angle alpha there perhaps also act as the angle that points towards the sound source?

vernal vale
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yea, and it's shown like this in your original drawing. It's just some basic complementary/supplementary angle line-drawing and angle-matching logic to get there

mild stratus
vernal vale
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youll have to do some work

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but not a lot

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remember alpha picks up the error that you make in the 90 degree part

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so that's going to track

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but there's other errors as well

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if you actually implement this and start getting crazy results that dont make sense

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maybe thats the time to start doing some of this more crazy math happy

vernal vale
# vernal vale

like here i think that Wave 1 makes an angle 90 + alpha with the wall?

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so maybe you imagine that alpha to the left from a directly vertical line points to the sound source

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like is drawn to the other side

mild stratus
vernal vale
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this seems like a fun project happy

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hope you are successful

mild stratus
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hope so too, thanks so much for your help

vernal vale
mild stratus
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this problem has stunted me for days now and I couldn't find any sources on the Internet that tackled it in a simple way

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much appreciated

topaz sinewBOT
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@mild stratus Has your question been resolved?

mild stratus
#

Yes

topaz sinewBOT
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distant shadow
topaz sinewBOT
distant shadow
#

Can anyone see where i went wrong in this partial derivitive question?

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original function is $F(x,y)=-3x^{2}-6y^{2}+3xy=0$

thorny flameBOT
gleaming reef
#

no?

distant shadow
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yeah i have that in other parts i just forgot to add it it when i was rewriting it for discord

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oopsies

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oh shit

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at the end i missed it

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that is correct thank you

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<3

#

.close

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safe mica
topaz sinewBOT
safe mica
#

does this check out?

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can i use cos(s+t) to figure out what quadrant (s+t) is in

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and so on for all trig functions of that expression

mental trench
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what class is this?

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just curious

topaz sinewBOT
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@safe mica Has your question been resolved?

safe mica
mental trench
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oh okay

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can't you convert sin(s+t) into sin(s)cos(t) + cos(s)sin(t)?

safe mica
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thats an identity

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the result of sin(s+t) they want to know what quadrant is so i just figured if i did the identity for cos(s+t) it would work? and that would be sufficient enough to show it's quadrant 3 since the result of cos(s+t) is positive and since the result of sin(s+t) is negative it cant be quadrant 1 so maybe it must be 3

mental trench
#

yeah I think its Q3 too

topaz sinewBOT
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@safe mica Has your question been resolved?

topaz sinewBOT
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quiet sorrel
#

so i understand the solution, but i just want to clarify a few things:

  1. is the conjugate of z in polar form always r*e^-iθ?
  2. is r^2 = 1 always true in regards to complex numbers?
quiet sorrel
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answer is 7 btw

cursive patrol
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r^2 = 1 misses the point

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r can be any real value, but e^(i angle) is what you know to have a magnitude of 1

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(ans to ur first question is yes)

molten raven
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e^(6 i theta) always has magnitude 1 so r has magnitude 1 when it isn’t 0

topaz sinewBOT
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dusk raft
topaz sinewBOT
dusk raft
#

do I deserve the mark

somber socket
#

No

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Can’t say “shown in diagram” as an explanation ever lol

hallow shuttle
#

yup

dusk raft
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@somber socket what should I have said

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other than alternate angles

somber socket
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Just that

dusk raft
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😔

somber socket
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You have to explain how to got 60

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You just wrote 60 bc it worked

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Didn’t actually say why it had to be 60

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You can’t use the answer given to use to help justify

dusk raft
#

fair enough

#

thanks

#

.close

topaz sinewBOT
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royal sky
topaz sinewBOT
royal sky
#

what is it asking here?

flint stump
#

Every solution of the first system, when pre-multiplied by S, is a solution to the second system

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the question asks you to prove that

royal sky
#

kk ty

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.clise

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.close

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trim dove
#

What have i done wrong here

topaz sinewBOT
cunning kayak
#

send ques

trim dove
#

I had a doubt in the log part

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I think i got it wrong

sudden temple
#

that's a mistake

topaz sinewBOT
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@trim dove Has your question been resolved?

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trim dove
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.close

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visual monolith
#

Hi I have a question about checking work for antiderivatives, so I have the equation f(x)=(x^2)/4 +1 so the general antiderivative would be F(x)=(x^3)/12+x+C

I am a bit confused on how to check the answer for F(x)

pseudo sonnet
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you should get back f(x)

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F'(x) = f(x)

visual monolith
#

i see

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thanks

#

.solved

topaz sinewBOT
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pseudo sonnet
topaz sinewBOT
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clear scroll
#

can I carryout an anova analysis if my variable are not correlated.

topaz sinewBOT
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@clear scroll Has your question been resolved?

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topaz sinewBOT
#

@clear scroll Has your question been resolved?

outer salmon
#

.close

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elfin niche
#

How do you solve for x :

topaz sinewBOT
elfin niche
#

$2log_{2}X - log_{2}(x+3) = 2$

thorny flameBOT
#

Beersathought

elfin niche
#

so what I done :

#

$log_{2}\frac{x^2}{x+3} = 2$

thorny flameBOT
#

Beersathought

elfin niche
#

Not sure where to go on from there though

restive inlet
#

raise 2 to the power of each side
(apply the definition of log / relation between exponents and log)

elfin niche
#

I also saw that explanation, but how does it work really?

#

u mean like
$2^{log_{2}\frac{x^2}{x+3}} = 2^{2}$

thorny flameBOT
#

Beersathought

elfin niche
#

right?

#

Which makes

#

$a^{log_{a}X} = X$

restive inlet
#

yeh

thorny flameBOT
#

Beersathought

elfin niche
#

is there no other way than this?

restive inlet
#

not really, no

elfin niche
#

Hmm I see

#

What about

#

$log X - log(x-4) = log 12$

thorny flameBOT
#

Beersathought

elfin niche
#

I know that base is 10

#

so

restive inlet
#

same idea

#

base^(power of each side)

elfin niche
#

$10^{log_{10}\frac{X}{x-4}} = 10^{log_{10}12}$

#

woops

thorny flameBOT
#

Beersathought

elfin niche
#

so always by the base?

restive inlet
#

yes

elfin niche
#

I see

#

But this is also

#

$log M = log N$

thorny flameBOT
#

Beersathought

elfin niche
#

$M = N$

thorny flameBOT
#

Beersathought

elfin niche
#

?

#

or this is wrong?

restive inlet
#

its fine

elfin niche
#

I see

#

Alrighty, thanks for that

#

Do have a good day

#

.close

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#
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neon iron
#

question about the minimal number of edges in a graph: at the beginning of the section they said that they assume G to be always a multi-graph that is connected. Here they are saying the minimal amount of edges for G are nk/2 for k being the minimal possible degree. but shouldn't the minimal number of edges in a connected graph be n-1 (a tree)? Correct me if I am wrong

craggy haven
#

I'm not sure what their μ is but in a tree the minimum degree is 1 (or 0 for degenerate cases)

topaz sinewBOT
#

@neon iron Has your question been resolved?

neon iron
#

and sorry, I also noticed something just now; what i am specifically asking is what if minimal degree is 1? could we then even say |E| <= n-1, since a connected graph with minimal degree 1 has as least as many edges as a tree with n vertices?

#

when the graph also has n vertices ofc

topaz sinewBOT
#

@neon iron Has your question been resolved?

topaz sinewBOT
#

@neon iron Has your question been resolved?

neon iron
#

.close

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karmic widget
#

find the general term

topaz sinewBOT
karmic widget
#

i got an answer but its not the right one

#

tn=2-(1/2)^(n-1)

topaz sinewBOT
#

@karmic widget Has your question been resolved?

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lusty cedar
topaz sinewBOT
lusty cedar
#

I need some help

#

so basically

#

I write it as an exponential to the power of a half

#

then I get 1/2(3-sin^2x)^-1/2 times the deravative of the inside which is -2cos x i think

#

so -1/2cos^2x(3-sin^2x)^-1/2

#

but this is the answer

restive inlet
#

times the deravative of the inside which is -2cos x i think
derivative is wrong
you forgot about the second application of chain rule for the derivative of sin^2(x)

lusty cedar
#

2sinxcox x

#

ah

#

damn

#

thanks

#

Im rly quite lost on this one

#

I tried bringing the power down

#

and deravative of the inside

#

isnt that 1/tanx x -cotx

#

well its sec^2 x apparently not cot x

#

tf

static viper
#

Derivative of tan x?

lusty cedar
#

shit u have to use quotient to derive that

#

they give it in my formula booklet anyway

static viper
#

No

lusty cedar
#

yeah im not gna bother with that

#

ill j say sec^2 x times 1/tanx

static viper
#

Derivative of ln(tanx) = 1/tanx * derivative of (tanx)

lusty cedar
#

yeah i derived tanx wrong

#

I had gotten -4xsin(x^2+1)

#

by doing du/dx times dy/du

#

why is there still a cos^2(x^2+1)?

topaz sinewBOT
#

@lusty cedar Has your question been resolved?

restive inlet
#

why is there still a cos^2(x^2+1)
there isn't

#

just cos(x^2+1)

#

similar to the previous questions, there are two applications of chain rule

#

from the first application you'll have
2cos(x^2+1) * d/dx (cos(x^2+1))

topaz sinewBOT
#

@lusty cedar Has your question been resolved?

topaz sinewBOT
#
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reef field
#

Hey there folks, if I could get some help walking through a question similar to this I would appreciate it.

pseudo sonnet
#

those points will not be in the domain of g(x)

#

asymptotes occur when at points where we divide by 0 (without 0 in the numerator also), and holes occur at points where when plugging a number into g(x) gets you something looking like 0/0

#

so our job here is to find at what numbers we’ll be dividing by 0, or getting a hole

#

once we do that, we’ll know that the domain of g(x) is simply all of R minus those problematic numbers

#

now since we care about division by 0, a good first step to take is to examine which numbers make the denominator 0, which means setting it to 0 and solving for x

barren ember
#

I think the way to solve it should be via wavy curve method

reef field
#

Alright thanks guys👍

#

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pseudo sonnet
topaz sinewBOT
#
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sleek prism
#

@neon iron

topaz sinewBOT
neon iron
#

alright

#

omg

#

i got it

sleek prism
#

Fr?

#

Send pic

neon iron
#

yes

#

let me rearrange it

sleek prism
#

👍

neon iron
#

@sleek prism

sleek prism
#

Um

#

Explain pls

neon iron
#

${c = c_1 + c_2}$, no?

thorny flameBOT
#

icannotdoanymorecauchy

sleek prism
#

Yeah i get it

#

The transformation

neon iron
#

so $c^2 = c_1^2 + 2c_1c_2 + c_2^2$

sleek prism
#

Am a little confused with the handwritting

thorny flameBOT
#

icannotdoanymorecauchy

sleek prism
#

Yeah than?

#

Oh got it

#

Lemme read the rest

#

Rms gm?

#

Probbally idk the formula

neon iron
#

i was thinking abt cauchy-schwarz first bro cat_happycry

sleek prism
#

Nah this exercise aint for me

#

XD

#

Anyway

#

Thanks

#

🤝

neon iron
#

also

neon iron
#

maybe i overcomplicate

#

This inequality is famous in math competitions and in theoretical proofs. But why is it true? The video presents a great geometric visualization and proof for two variables. Pay attention--I'll use this inequality in an upcoming video!

Desmos.com link
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/6kbruja3wb

Link to proofs of generalized case
https://artof...

▶ Play video
sleek prism
#

👍

#

Appriciate it

#

.close

topaz sinewBOT
#
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shut rose
#

Why are there more reals between 0 and 1 than naturals?
Here's the explanation I heard:

Assign every real number a natural "index", like so:

0 - 0.123...
1 - 0.456...
2 - 0.999...

Then, make a new real number by taking the nth decimal of the nth real, adding 1, or making it a zero if it is a 9. So our new number would be 0.260..., and it's nowhere in the list.

The reason I don't understand that this as proof is the fact that we have an unending amount of naturals. Even when we come up with a new real number, can't we just come up with a new natural? Instead of doing it the way above, I could assign each real number between 0 and 1 an identical natural, except I remove the decimal point and increment the one's digit. So, 0.0123... has 10123.., 0 has 1, and 1 has 2. Another way I could do it is Hilbert's Hotel style. Increment every index and insert the new number created by diagonalization at the beginning.

neon iron
#

the thing is

#

there will always be at least one more new real number than the natural that u will come up with

prisma mesa
neon iron
#

sorry

shut rose
whole geode
#

Not all decimals terminate

#

But all integers do

prisma mesa
whole geode
#

No, Hilbert Hotel is valid method of dealing with it

shut rose
whole geode
#

The idea is you can always generate more reals that you haven't accounted for. And if you start from the assumption that you've accounted for all of the reals already, then this is a contradiction

#

So your assumption (that there is an enumerable list of reals) is false

burnt badger
#

Well idk how to prove it rigorously but consider this

Let's say that for each natural number, that there are many cousins of that number as such:

For n = 1, let
.1
.01
.001
.0001
Etc etc

Be the "cousins" of 1

#

If you think of it this way

#

Just for the number 1

#

You'd have an infinite number of "cousins"

#

And that's only rational numbers too

whole geode
shut rose
#

I said how in the question

whole geode
#

But you assumed that you already had a complete list

prisma mesa
shut rose
prisma mesa
burnt badger
#

Actually is this a countable vs uncountable question?

shut rose
prisma mesa
#

you need to imagine that all of them are already matched

hearty turret
prisma mesa
#

yes, you cant write out a full infinite list, but you need to imagine that such list exists

prisma mesa
hearty turret
#

if there were, then you could tell me a list of how to pair them up:

#

i.e. 1 -> 0.001 etc. as u've done up there

prisma mesa
hearty turret
shut rose
#

But that assumes that all naturals are already assigned, but what about the hilbert hotel method? Or pairing them up like this: 0.001 -> 1001 (removing the decimal point and replacing 0 with 1). Whatever real I would create I could convert it to another natural

burnt badger
#

The irrational numbers specifically make this impossible

#

You can identify, in a systematic, countable way all the rationals between 0 and 1

prisma mesa
#

Assume that there is a bijective function f: N -> [0, 1].
So e.g.
f(1) = 0.123456789...
f(2) = 0.234567890...
f(3) = 0.531411433151....
etc...

Now you can do the trick, and come up with a number in [0, 1] that isn't in the range of f, and hence f can't be bijective.

hearty turret
burnt badger
#

But how would you do that for irrational?

hearty turret
burnt badger
#

Which is the first irrational number to start counting

hearty turret
#

r u familiar with what a proof by contradiction is?

shut rose
#

I can always add 1 to a natural so I will never run out of indexes

hearty turret
#

because there's just too many real numbers

#

u'd never be able to fit them all

shut rose
#

I would because I can always increment a natural number

prisma mesa
#

You are not thinking in terms of contradiction here

#

the proof is by contradiction

shut rose
hearty turret
#

it feels like ur confusion is coming from here

shut rose
#

What is the contradiction

prisma mesa
#

You assume that there is a matching that's already perfect

#

meaning that for every number between 0 and 1, some natural already maps to it

#

but then you can do that diagonalization trick, and come up with a real number which isnt in the matching

#

and that's your contradiction

hearty turret
shut rose
prisma mesa
#

because you've shown that every perfect matching is actually imperfect

prisma mesa
hearty turret
#

u're adding stuff to the end

#

but there's a problem with 'do infinitely many times' at the start

prisma mesa
#

The proof already shows that a perfect matching cannot exist. Yes, you can make it better by adding that 1 real number, but you wont get a perfect matching anyway

hearty turret
#

because you're saying we've got a bijection f that maps from N to [0,1]

hearty turret
#

and then you do this infinitely many times for each missing real

#

but the problem here is that f(1) isn't defined now

prisma mesa
#

#

what

hearty turret
# prisma mesa

as in with their hypothetical function f, they've constructed it by shifting it infinitely many times

#

but that's not well defined cus f(1) isn't really defined

prisma mesa
#

why would f(1) be undefined?

hearty turret
#

well like hypothetically what would it equal?

#

if i initially map f(n) = 1/n

prisma mesa
#

hypothetically, you cant just shift it for each missing real

hearty turret
#

and then i continuously add i.e. 1/(n+0.5) to the front

#

and i define f by doing this process infinitely many times

prisma mesa
#

there is no axiom / proof method in math that allows you to execute this step infinitely many times

hearty turret
prisma mesa
hearty turret
#

each of f_1, f_2, f_3 (where f_1 = 1/n but with 1/1.5 shoved in at the front etc.) are well-defined but f_omega isn't

hearty turret
hearty turret
#

anyway that's another reason why their thing doesn't work

prisma mesa
#

uh

prisma mesa
#

I'll just repost the proof here

#

Assume that there is a bijective function f: N -> [0, 1].
So e.g.
f(1) = 0.123456789...
f(2) = 0.234567890...
f(3) = 0.531411433151....
etc...

Now you can do the trick, and come up with a number in [0, 1] that isn't in the range of f, and hence f can't be bijective.

#

This proof shows that every perfect matching is missing some real.

#

Hence no perfect matching can exist

shut rose
#

Yeah but I can add it to the list...

#

I will never run out of natural numbers to assign to the reals

vernal matrix
#

But the thing is, you assumed you had everything in the list, that nothing was missing, but there will always be something missing

#

Even if you add it, there’s gonna be another thing you’re missing from the list

hearty turret
#

cus you can't just repeat the process infinitely many times

shut rose
#

yeah didn't really get that

hearty turret
#

ok so maybe let's break this down to

#

there's the same number of positive integers and integers right?

#

how do u know that?

shut rose
#

Two sets have the same cardinality if I can make a one to one pairing for each item, which I can do with naturals and reals

#

Any real is just the last natural in the list + 1

#

I won't ever run out of naturals so I can always pair them

hearty turret
shut rose
#

ok so same size

hearty turret
#

so can u provide me a proof of why the cardinality of N and Z are the same?

shut rose
#

I just did

prisma mesa
shut rose
#

No

#

that just means that the real isnt in the list yet

prisma mesa
#

I'll have to use hilberts hotel to destroy your argument then devilish

shut rose
#

I used hilberts hotel to make the argument work

prisma mesa
#

and ill use it to show that your argument doesnt work lol

#

Okay, so you are saying that if you have hilbert's hotel with all rooms filled, then you can acommodate infinitely many guests by shifting the guests

#

So say that "Guest 1" lives in Room 1, Guest 2 lives in Room 2 etc...

#

now suppose that infinitely many new guests arrive, and form a queue

#

ill then call the first one in the queue "Guest -1" and send him to the first room, while sending guest 1 to 2nd room, guest 2 to 3rd room etc...

#

performing your shifting

#

then I'll call the 2nd one in the queue "Guest -2" and send him to the first room, again shifting all the guests

#

and then I'll do the same for all the remaining guests

#

my question now is, in what room will "Guest 1" end?

shut rose
#

somewhere

#

which is all that matters

prisma mesa
#

where?

#

I wanna know his room number

shut rose
#

cardinality of Z?

prisma mesa
shut rose
#

actually + 1

#

but yeah

prisma mesa
#

yeah, that doesnt sound like a natural number to me...

#

and rooms in hilbert's hotel are only numbered with natural numbers

#

and that's where your argument crumbles down

#

you cant do this infinite shifting

#

because the guests won't end up occupying rooms numbered with finite numbers

#

they'll essentially end up outside of the hotel

#

without any room to live in...

shut rose
#

natural numbers are not finite though

prisma mesa
#

51351353 is finite

#

6251349889135781357080135890 is finite too

#

but Guest 1 won't live in any finitely-numbered room

shut rose
#

well hold on

#

you could fit another N into N right?

prisma mesa
#

you would need to send guest in room n to room 2n

#

then all odd rooms will be empty

#

and you can fit the another N to them

#

the difference between these 2 ways of doing it is that in the second one, you can actually tell in which room will which guest end up.

In your shifting method, you can't tell that. And furthermore, you even know that e.g. guest 1 can't be in any room

shut rose
#

Ok so I can't say where Guest 1 is if I add infinitely many guests to the start, but I also can't say where the last guest is if I just take the normal hotel with no extra numbers

prisma mesa
#

but you can tell where guest 531513513135 is

#

and where guest 15335Z13501359818390586138506890135689096853861906895 is

#

and where any guest is

shut rose
#

If there's no last guest then there's no last room

prisma mesa
#

every guest has a number, say N. And that guest lives in room N. So we can tell where each guest lives

shut rose
#

So I can always fit more people into it

prisma mesa
shut rose
#

I won't ever run out of rooms

prisma mesa
shut rose
#

There's no last room

#

Or how about this

#

I move all initial guests to the even numbered rooms

#

And then I have infinitely many odd numbered rooms where I put the reals

prisma mesa
#

what guarantees that there will be no reals left in the end

shut rose
#

Because there is no end

prisma mesa
#

because there will be some reals left, at every point in time

shut rose
#

But there wont be because I have an infinite amount of ood numbered rooms

prisma mesa
#

But how are you gonna acommodate all reals?

#

how exactly? What will you tell them in order to make sure they all get to their rooms

shut rose
#

It's a free for all

#

All that matters is that there is a pair of a natural to a real

prisma mesa
#

oh, like you let them choose their rooms?

shut rose
#

yes

prisma mesa
#

lol, anyway, how do you guarantee that after everyone chooses their room, no 2 reals will have chosen the same room?

shut rose
#

they're polite

prisma mesa
#

the only way I can think of is by making them choose their rooms one by one. But that would require infinite amount of time...

shut rose
#

well real guest 1 will take 30 seconds to choose, guest 2 will take 15 seconds,...

prisma mesa
#

there is a real number of them

shut rose
#

random

hearty turret
#

i think part of ur confusion comes from slightly fuzzy notions of what different sizes of infinities, functions etc are

prisma mesa
#

we got a hilbert hotel inside hilbert hotel now

prisma mesa
shut rose
#

because there is an infinite amount of odd numbered rooms

hearty turret
shut rose
#

the reals are chosen randomly and then proceed to room 1, then another random real goes to room 3, ...

prisma mesa
#

how do you guarantee that all guests will end up having their N, so that they can pick in 60 * (1/2)^N seconds

#

and you got another hilbert's hotel... and we could repeat the same arguments we had before and get in the exact same situation

shut rose
#

I don't follow

#

Each real gets picked randomly and sent to room 2n + 1 where n is how many previous reals were randomly picked

prisma mesa
shut rose
#

Just said how

#

They get picked randomly and get sent to room 2n + 1 where n is how many previous reals were randomly picked

prisma mesa
#

oh, i see

#

this is an infinite process thoguh

#

there will be no point in time, where all guests will be accomodated

shut rose
#

there will

#

after 1 minute

shut rose
#

yes

prisma mesa
#

but note that there is a real number of guests. There is guest pi, guest 5.531413, guest 0.12413515431.... etc

#

how can you be sure that you can assign every single one of them a natural number

#

so that you can do your guest-n thing

shut rose
hearty turret
prisma mesa
hearty turret
prisma mesa
shut rose
#

the random picker machine picks the pairings instantly

prisma mesa
#

how can we be sure such machine exists?

shut rose
#

it just does

#

isnt that what an axiom is?

prisma mesa
#

now seriously, you cant just assume stuff to exist

#

there are axioms which guarantee that some things exists

#

but afaik, there is no axiom that guarantees existence of your random picker machine

#

in fact, we can prove that such machine cant exist, by doing the diagonalization argument

shut rose
#

the diagonalization argument makes no sense

#

I can just add the new number to the hotel

hearty turret
#

how familiar are you with a proof by contradiction?

prisma mesa
#

Let's stop with the hotel now

#

Assume that there is a bijective function f: N -> [0, 1].
So e.g.
f(1) = 0.123456789...
f(2) = 0.234567890...
f(3) = 0.531411433151....
etc...

Now you can do the trick, and come up with a number in [0, 1] that isn't in the range of f, and hence f can't be bijective.

#

once more, this is the proof

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What this proof shows is that given any matching, there is something missing

prisma mesa
#

but there will be something missing

#

and yes, you can add it

#

but there will be something missing

#

and yes, you can add it

#

but there will be something missing

#

...

#

and there is no proof method or axiom that allows you to do infinitely many steps at once

hearty turret
shut rose
#

Assume that there is a bijective function f: [0, 1] -> N.
So e.g.
f(0.123456789...) = 1
f(0.234567890...) = 2
f(0.531411433151....) = 3
etc...
now add + 1 to the last natural and boom new number and its missing

prisma mesa
#

wdym?

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is there last natural?

#

which one?

shut rose
#

the new real number also relies on there being a last digit

#

otherwise you will never have the number

#

there will always be one more digit to diagonalize

prisma mesa
thorny flameBOT
#

MæthIsAlwaysRight

prisma mesa
#

Where d_f(n) (n) is nth digit of f(n) and the addition is modulo 10

#

the difference between this and hilbert's hotel is that im only defining the real number, and I defined it. Yes, it is defined with use of infinitely many numbers f(n), but what? I know for sure that such real number exists, since all it's digits are valid and can even be computed. While in your hilbert's hotel argument, you were much less specific, you assumed that there is some machine, that can assign naturals to reals uniquely, or you just said that the real numbers will go to some rooms

#

and you didn't account for the possibility that it might be impossible

#

you actually assumed the conclusion while trying to prove it

shut rose
#

Ok... so instead of adding 2 to the "last natural", how about I sum all of them? Won't that create a new natural that's not in the list?

prisma mesa
#

which it won't

prisma mesa
prisma mesa
#

nor will 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ....

#

nor will any other sum of infinitely many naturals

shut rose
#

Couldn't I apply the diagonalization to other places? Like what if I make the indexes real too? Then I get the new number which isn't in the list... so are reals bigger than reals?

prisma mesa
#

the problem will be proving that the new number isnt in the list

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it might already be there

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like

f(0.12124124124...) = 0.12124124124...
f(0.3141513535...) = 0.531341414...
f(0.36134...) = 0.941234153...
....

#

can you explain your argument on this example?

shut rose
#

Well I'll create a new number with the formula that you mentioned

prisma mesa
#

Ah

#

I see

prisma mesa
#

as proved previously

#

but reals can only have |N| many digits

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so doing diagonalization wont do anything, as the resulting real will only differ from |N| other reals

prisma mesa
#

but this numbering wont exist

#

since there are more reals than naturals

shut rose
#

.close

topaz sinewBOT
#
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topaz sinewBOT
#
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raw marten
#

Does talking about adding a value to a set make sense in math?

raw marten
#

as in $S:=S\cup {value}$

thorny flameBOT
raw marten
#

or should i not call it add a value to a set in my solution which someone has to read

vernal shard
#

What’s the context?

odd pagoda
#

well informally it would be fine to call it that I suppose. as long as you also write down that union

raw marten
#

we have a multiset S and remove two values a and b from it and add two values a+b and 2|a-b| to it

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$S:= S-{a,b}+{a+b,2|a-b|}$

thorny flameBOT
topaz sinewBOT
#

@raw marten Has your question been resolved?

topaz sinewBOT
#
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visual ravine
topaz sinewBOT
visual ravine
#

can you resolve that?

little lantern
#

can you say in words why there is a lowest number

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like why not 0

visual ravine
#

it isnt the answer

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i think the same

#

thought*

dim matrix
#

I can imagine that this is x + (x + 1) + … + (x + 9) = 230

little lantern
visual ravine
little lantern
#

we're not supposed to give you the answer

little lantern
visual ravine
little lantern
#

No :x siempre uso el traductor de Google.

visual ravine
little lantern
#

👍

#

i think fellow's solution is correct

visual ravine
#

its not 23

#

...

visual ravine
little lantern
#

he said to solve this

#

x

  • x - 1
  • x - 2
  • x - 3
  • x - 4
  • x - 5
  • x - 6
  • x - 7
  • x - 8
  • x - 9
    = 230
#

for x

#

x is the number of cards of the winner

visual ravine
#

it isnt the answerrr

#

can you resolve that?

little lantern
#

i had no choice

visual ravine
#

I love you bro xDDD

#

thanks

little lantern
#

don't tell the mods about this

#

np lol

#

(that was a joke)

topaz sinewBOT
#

@visual ravine Has your question been resolved?

#
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midnight saddle
#

how do i solve tihsd

topaz sinewBOT
midnight saddle
#

i get this after

#

but im looking at the answer key and the answer key just turns the x^9 into -inf

#

how does that work

rose sierra
#

x^9 becomes -inf as x approaches -inf

midnight saddle
#

and so why does 10/x^5 become 0

#

because you're basically dividing by a number close to -inf>?

neon iron
#

ye

#

a

midnight saddle
#

ok thanks

#

and how do i start on this one

neon iron
fallow heart
#

And also factor out an x² in the denominator

midnight saddle
#

that gives me x^2 sqrt(1+8/x + 2/x^4)

#

i thinkj right

fallow heart
midnight saddle
#

then i have this right

fallow heart
#

Yep

midnight saddle
#

then the fractions all bcome 0

#

and then you get sqrt 1 which is 1

#

so 1/5 right

fallow heart
midnight saddle
#

ya right

fallow heart
midnight saddle
#

this one i factrored out the x squared in both the things

fallow heart
midnight saddle
#

sadly no

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maybe i did learn this actually

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im not sure

#

would i learn that in a cal 1 class?>

fallow heart
#

Here you have to rationalize, i.e. multiplying and dividing by √... + √...

fallow heart
midnight saddle
#

wdym rationalize

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divide by the square root?

fallow heart
midnight saddle
#

oh divide by the conjugate

fallow heart
#

Like this

#

Multiplying and dividing by the conjugate

midnight saddle
#

multiplying on toip

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and then dividing on the bottom

#

ya

fallow heart
#

Because otherwise you would change the function

fallow heart
#

Or equivalently you multiply and divide the whole function

midnight saddle
#

but i have no multiplciation on the bottom

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its just 1 x the conjugate

#

which is the conjugate

fallow heart
#

Yeah, that's still a multiplication

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The number 1 is just not written, but it's there in the denominator

midnight saddle
#

okay then whats my next step

fallow heart
#

Doing calculations

midnight saddle
#

becomes a diff of squares no?

fallow heart
midnight saddle
#

cancel the square root

fallow heart
#

Then you can factor out (carefully) an x² from the bottom

midnight saddle
#

gives me 12x

fallow heart
#

Yep

#

Btw now I'm going to bed
I'm sure there are other helpers available

midnight saddle
#

after i hvae this what should i doi

#

oh ok

#

thanks

fallow heart
#

And after that you simplify the x which will be in common between numerator and denominator

midnight saddle
#

But how would I do that from the numerator

#

Ohhh

#

But I can’t cancel the x^2 if it’s in a square root

topaz sinewBOT
#

@midnight saddle Has your question been resolved?

clear oasis
#

you little black niggеrs nerds slaves!

midnight saddle
#

😭😭

midnight saddle
#

.close

topaz sinewBOT
#
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topaz sinewBOT
#
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Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.
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upbeat minnow
#

is the + 2 here just saying take integral from 3 to 7 of y=2 with respect to x and just add it to the other integral of f(x)

woeful drift
#

sure

upbeat minnow
#

ok cool ty

#

.close

topaz sinewBOT
#
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