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that would equal 14
are you sure?
this gives you 14 sqrt(2)
how did we get the squared 2
sqrt(4^2 + 4^2). Then the answer of that * 7 / 2
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Ehh okay
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Just a quick question, the problem is whether this converges or diverges, and I thought it would converge because 1/n in infinity would be zero.
But it should be divergent according to the correction sheet and wolframalpha, the latter says it diverges to infinity which I dont get at all.
this problem is almost identical to whether the harmonic series converges
because it is the harmonic series minute the first 5 terms
harmonic series: 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6 + 1/7 ...
this one: 1/6 + 1/7 + 1/8
so if the harmonic series diverges to infinity, this one must as wwell
Yes I know but in the slides from my class there is an example with 1/n to infinity and there it does say it converges
so I dont know if I'm missunderstanding something or if either one is just wrong
well
uhh
they're both correct
if you look it says that
lim n -> infinity of 1/n = 0
does not imply that the sum from 1 to infinity of 1/n converges
actually it diverges
so basically 1/n on it's own would be convergent but because it's the sum it diverges?
i don't understand what you mean
What about using some techniques like special test? It is clear to show it.
there's this elegent proof that it does diverge
harmonic series (H)
1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6 + 1/7 + 1/8 + 1/9...
altered series (S)
1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/16
now obviously, H > S, because all we did to make S is decrease some terms in H. But notice you can group terms in S as follows
1 + 1/2 + (1/4 + 1/4) + (1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8) + (1/16...
=
1 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2...
this is the infinite series of 1/2, and trivially diverges
I understand why according to this test it diverges but could you elaborate where the altered series S comes from?
uhh
it's the same as H but with all the terms lowered to the next power of 2
like 1/97 would become 1/128
Yeah ok I understand, thank you for the help.
np!
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Let f be a real-valued function that is monotonically increasing on an interval (a, b). Let A = {x ∈ (a, b) : f is not continuous at x}. Prove that A is at most countable.
I have already see that c(x) =< f(x) =< d(x) with c(x) is the sup f((a,x)) and d(x) is the inf f((x,b))
but idk how to prove that x in A, only if c(x) < d(x)
like idk how to write it out
my goal is to with x in A, I can pick out a g(x) in (c(x),d(x)) union Q
and then prove g is a injective function
and with g is an injective function hence A is countable
but im stuck at this
Can you show the question
It is here
couldn't we instead define c to be the left side limit at x, and d to be the right side limit at x? Then you just need to prove that these limits indeed exist, and it follows that if these limits disagree, it's discontinuous at x
this is the qeustion
if we think about the image of f
it'll be like (f(a), f(b))
Im thinking basically to take "gaps" in discontinuities and use the fact that sum of them converge
I dont get what u mean
ah?
then like for each point of discontinuity, as u've shown i think, you have a jump discontinuity
so like there's some region around f(c) say like (f(c)-k, f(c)+k) that isn't in the image of f
so then you can map it to a rational point => countable
that's the rough sketch
$c(x) = \lim_{s \to x^{-}} f(s)$
rbit
in general, mapping to rationals is a good idea
it should come out to be the same as what you defined it as before, however the fact that if c(x) < d(x) it's discontinuous at x would follow directly
you’re elaborating your own way right?
oh whoops nvm i thought u'd shown it had a jump discontinuity, mb
yeah ok ur method is fine, you just need to do this ^
It has jump discontinuities
I dont understand the "if these limit disagree it discontinious at x"

If right limit is different from left
The function is discontinous
At this point
Since f is increasing the interval ix is disjoint for every interval of A
because if a limit exists at some point x, both the left and right side limits are equal to that
LHL is equal to RHL
Right hand limit = Left hand limit
If they are not then they are discontinuities simple
Or discontinuous
but if c and di is limit how do I prove that c(x) =< f(x) =< d(x)
Easy
Just take out the limit of c on both sides and d on both sides
Listen f(x) is derivative so find the derivative of x
you will have to prove that $\lim_{s \to x^{-}} f(s) = \sup((a, x))$
rbit
what derivative?
why is derivative here 
no it's just a limit
Ah nvm I see why it suppose to be x^- now
It is -x I guess
@dim pumice x^- elaborate it
what would the purpose of proving that it discontinuous at x be?
cause my plan was initally trying to pick a g(x) and prove that it an injective function, I dont see the purpose of having discontinious at x
it's discontinuous at x iff c(x) < d(x), so the set A is equal to the set of all points where c(x) < d(x), and we can make this bijective to a subset of Q
It is a monotonic function
Oh
Ohhh okay I understand it now
we could also try and go with your original c and d if you want
Im a bit confused here, since above I got c(x) =< f(x) =< d(x); what if c(x) = f(x) = d(x), that way it wouldnt be discontinious
That is not possible because it has jump discontinuity
can you explain that a bit for me, I dont get what u mean
I mean we can go with what you initially tried to go with, just trying to think of a plan to make it work
yes please, Im really confused at this part rn
so let's say c(x) < d(x)
then pick some y such that sup f((a, x)) < y < inf f((x, b))
You can see here that your function is monotonically increasing function so it has left hand limit less than right hand limit it has jump discontinuities
You are saying it is equal which is not possible as it will make the function continuous
yeah my bad, I forgot we had f is not continous at x since the beginning 😭
You understood
hmm oka, I think I got the grasp of this now
thanks you two a lot 
Welcome
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how do i access a statistic table about t student when it shows t(a/2), GL
i don't know what the gl means
@uneven imp Has your question been resolved?
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hello guys, with the graph sinx/x, why does y=1 when x=0?
It doesn't equal 1 it's undefined when x=0
Try to move the point until you get to 0
Do you know l'hopital's rule?
i do not
Because mathematical limit of the function sin(x)/x as x→0 which equals 1
🤯
yeah why
that's my question yes
huh
Jk
i've heard it has something to do with sin(x) tending to 0 faster than x does or the opposite way around
So
Me?
No
@craggy sundial Has your question been resolved?
Yeah.
@craggy sundial Has your question been resolved?
@craggy sundial Has your question been resolved?
can we use a substitution?
u=1/x
the limit then becomes: lim(u->0) sin(u)/u
which is a classic limit, if i'm not mistaken
alternatively, write y as:
y=sin(1/x)/(1/x)
and use l'hopital
maybe, but that isn't very rigorous
l'hopital's rule uses derivatives. do you know derivatives?
@craggy sundial Has your question been resolved?
we call it differentiation
but yes
and i'm sure i know it just not by its name
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My problem is how can i remove the () so the equation gets simpler, hope u get what i mean. pls help
i dont think it will get simpler if you remove it
is there some german channels out here ? cause my task is in german
but if you want to do that anyway, you can split that fraction to -pir / 2 + 20/2 = -pir / 2 + 10
you can send it here
in german tho ?
yeah, sure
there might be some german speaking helpers here
and if not, you could attempt to translate it
Umfang is area?
oh wait no
in simple terms i gotta get the inner area from that thing and i got the "Umfang" thats the brown curved stick
brown curved stick is 20m
oh and you are maximizing that area
ye i think so
then this formula seems kinda off
ye maybe
so maybe lets start my getting the length of the brown line
can you express that in terms of r and h
yeah, you are probably supposed to make an expression for area and then maximize it using calculus
are you sure it's *?
sorry
yep, so 2h + pir = 20
we will keep that in memory for now
and now try expressing the area
are you sure it's * again?
indeed
oh, sorry for late response
no worries
so now you have area as $\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+2rh$
MæthIsAlwaysRight
which I see you already did heree
$\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+r\left(20-\pi r\right)$
so you should get something like this once you fix it
MæthIsAlwaysRight
i needa sec to realize
we will have to use this
2h + pir = 20
so 2h = 20 - pir
and if you replace 2h with 20 - pir, you get this
= $\frac{\pi r^2}{2} + (20 - \pi r)r$
MæthIsAlwaysRight
is there something unclear?
oh get it now
its essentially what you were doing before, just with + instead of *
cause i divided h by 2 i got lil confused
ah i see
you could do this as well, but then you would multiply it by 2 again
so it would have no effect
ye im kinda stupid
btw, were you taught derivatives or not yet?
i needa google what that si
nah, you're just not used to this probably
is
ok, so you werent
we can do it without them
idk cause in german maybe its not called derivatives
oh f'(x) i know
its Ableitung in german
oh, interesting
okay, so now we have a "function" that gives us the area given just the radius
and we need to maximize it
so we can use take the Ableitung of that function and set it = 0
but i never that to do that with such an complicated function
we can simplify it a bit
(20 - pir)r = 20r - pir^2
and you can also subtract the pir^2 from pir^2/2
how u get the f'(x) or derivatives
.
and then you can also simplify pir^2 / 2 - pir^2
where u got the pir^2 / 2 - pir^2 from. i mean pir^2 / 2 i know but the rest - pir^2 i dont get
idk if u understand what i mean
$f\left(x\right)=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+\left(20-\pi r\right)r=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+\left(20r-\pi r^{2}\right) \dots$
MæthIsAlwaysRight
Can you finish what follows?
there are still some steps left to be done
to fully simplify it
I got it from here btw
i undestand but i cant finish the following part
$f\left(x\right)=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+\left(20-\pi r\right)r=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+\left(20r-\pi r^{2}\right)=\left(\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}-\pi r^{2}\right)+20r$
MæthIsAlwaysRight
can you now simplify whats inside those parenthesis?
I just rearranged it in this step
it looks easy but my brain is just hanging
what is half an apple - apple?
-0,5 apple
yep
so just imagine pir^2 is apple
and it becomes apple / 2 - apple
so in the parenthesis its -0,5 ?
-0.5 of what?
of pir^2
correct
-0,5pir^2
so -0.5pir^2
or -pir^2 / 2
$f\left(x\right)=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+\left(20-\pi r\right)r=\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+\left(20r-\pi r^{2}\right)=\left(\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}-\pi r^{2}\right)+20r=-\frac{\pi r^{2}}{2}+20r$
and that was the final step
MæthIsAlwaysRight
now it's simplified
you can take the derivative now (Ableitung)
and dont worry about the pi too much, its just a number like any other
so the f'(x)
is -pir + 20
seems right
if not ill go cry
what radius (r) will maximize the area (f(r)) then?
20/pi
oh and one more detail
our function is actually in terms of r
so we should use f'(r)
i've done this mistake as well
17
youre an genius ty for youre help. An 17 yo needs to help an 18 yo for homework. I appreciate youre help
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im not a genius lol
btw you still need to find the maximal area
but genius enough for me
you only got the radius which maximizes that area now
ye but that shouldnt be the problem
alright then
.reopen
✅
@peak matrix i might need your help again
when i put the r = 20/pi into the equation -pi*(20/pi)+20 = 2h the left side is 0 so 0 = 2h but that shouldnt make any sense if im not stupid
@wicked grotto Has your question been resolved?
i might got the solution but that would mean that the teacher told us misinformation abt the task
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I forgot how to do this
I thought I just sub in 2 into the equaiton
and then sub that value into the xN+1 equation
yeah its just 2p-6
but when i sub that into the equation
it wont give me what i need
yeah ive j made silly mistake
🤦♂️
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how do you figure it out without knowing what the point from the beginning of the process was?
like
without f(0)
how do u calculate it
like im pretending i dont have the point f(0(
like you don't have the point f(0)? you mean (0,4) in the table?
i don't understand what you mean
is it possible to
know how tall the process was
without having the point f(0)
wai
yeah 0,4
that point
imagine it was like this
hm, no. you need that point.
cant do that otherwise?
firstly, it's asking you to graph the function, so i don't understand what you're trying to do
ywah my teacher is stupid
but
if the first question was
determine the logistic growth function : a/1+be^-kt
and i didnt have (0,4)
or the table
on*
could i do that?
or is that impossible @night zodiac
wait, this is an important question: does your teacher allow you to use a calculator to find the equation?
yeah but not like an advanced one
lets say if i have all the points on the table except for 0,4
then i can find the function? for the logistic growth?
it seems like it would be possible, then. you need to know what the midpoint, the growth rate, and the maximum value
but if not then i cant?
graph the equation first, and you will find x0 and L.
yea, if you don't have the growth rate, then you can't
yeah
but l is 15 right
or 14
you use a ti-84?
or does he want you to graph it by hand?
ph
no, L is not 15.
yeah i have the function to do that
14?
okay, then you can choose to graph it by hand or on the calculator. Whichever one is easier for you.
What is L defined as in the photo?
no its 20
Close
19.9
yes.
but
how can i be sure of that
cuz there is day 15
like x 15
not day 15
my bad
it's a logistic function, so there is a horizontal asymptote. If you look at the graph on your calculator, what do you notice is happening?
wait im gonna go sleep im gonna paint it tomorrow
but,
i would assume
its approaching the maximum value L?
wonderful
also these functions dont have zeropoints right
no
thanks alot
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I was browsing old documents on my computer and I found a link to a set of corrupted images and some transcriptions. I forget what the document could be, however the transcriptions looked like set theory. Could anyone tell me what this means? (This is one of several transcriptions. Also if it helps, this specific text was marked under "Notation:".)
Ɐx,x ∈ Ωₙ₁ (k₁), Ǝy, y ∈ Ωₙ₂ (k₂), ∄x₂, x₂ ∈ Ωₙ₁ (k₁), //x₁,y//<//x,y//⇒
x(_M) (Ωₙ₁ (k₁),Ωₙ₂ (k₂))
//x,y//=ω+Δω
The // are replacements of || due to discord thinking I'm trying to do spoilers or smth
I'm fairly sure (_M) is supposed to denote subscript
Thank you
@worthy dew Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185> ?
@worthy dew Has your question been resolved?
@worthy dew Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185> ???
Yes
Is there any chance you could translate/solve this?
Or point me to somewhere where I could figure out what this notation is?
without context this is nonsense
im like 99% sure this is corrupt gibberish
Really? After extensive reasearch I can read parts of it. Like: Ɐx (for all x),x ∈ Ωₙ₁ (k₁) (x is part of a set), Ǝy (there exists a y) y ∈ Ωₙ₂ (k₂) (y is part of another set). A lot of it seems to be comprehensible and I'm fairly sure that there is some sort of meaning behind it, though I really am not sure. If it really does not make sense, could you by any chance derive any sort of meaning from it or point me in the general direction of what it is talking about?
Context? There are some other transcriptions that I might be able to provide that might provide some sort of context, though most of them lable "Axioms:". I really am curious about what this could be so I am going to provide these tomorrow.
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Hi, may somebody explain to me why
[ \mathbb{Z}2 \times \mathbb{R}{>0} \cong \mathbb{R}\setminus{0} ]
where $\mathbb{Z}2 \leftarrow +$ and $\mathbb{R}{>0} \leftarrow\cdot .$
𝔸dωn𝓲²s
oh um
do you know what needs to be true for an isomorphism?
an isomorphism $phi$ works when:
Arnavutköy
$\phi$ sorry
Arnavutköy
$\phi(1)=1$, $\phi(a)\phi(b)=\phi(ab)$
Arnavutköy
where $1$ represents the identity in the group
Arnavutköy
give me a sec
additionally for an isomorphism you need to show injectivity and surjectivity
So we defined that two groups $(G, \Theta_1)$ and $(H, \Theta_2)$ are isomorphic if there exists a bijective map $\Phi$ s.t.
[ \Phi(a\Theta_1b) = \Phi(a)\Theta_2\Phi(b) \text{ for all } a,b \in G]
then $\Phi$ is a group isomorphism.
𝔸dωn𝓲²s
I just realized Phi : G -> H
Ok Z_2 on + should be {0,1} right?
And R_>0 is just {x in R | x > 0}
yes
I am wondering now for Z_2 x R_>0 what is the operation
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the direct product is an operation that takes two groups G and H and constructs a new group, usually denoted G × H. This operation is the group-theoretic analogue of the Cartesian product of sets and is one of several important notions of direct product in mathematics.
In the context of abelian grou...
read the definition
oh right my bad
i funny enough i just wrote it down 5 ming ago
So it's *
So for two elements of G say a and b we get say a = (z1,r1) and b = (z2,r2)
If I apply the operation I get (z1z2, r1r2)
H was R \ {0} which is also multiplication I guess because 0 is not contained
yes
Let $a,b \in G$ then $a = (z_1,r_1)$ and $b = (z_2,r_2)$ where $z_1,z_2 \in \mathbb{Z}2$ and $r_1,r_2 \in \mathbb{R}{>0}.\$
Let $\Phi : G \to H$ with $(z,r) \mapsto zr$.
[ \Phi(a\Theta_1b) = \Phi((z_1,r_1) \cdot (z_2,r_2)) = \Phi(z_1z_2,r_1r_2) = z_1z_2 \cdot r_1r_2 = \Phi(a) \Theta_2 \Phi(b) ]
𝔸dωn𝓲²s
I would suggest to first biject Z_2 to {1,-1}
then stuff works out a bit more nicely
with the operations
{1,-1} under multiplication
can you describe in words what your isomorphism is supposed to do
i.e. why these groups are isomorphic
in words
there is a very clear interpretation of this
That was my initial question but uhm, they are supposed to have the same cardinality and maintain the algebraic structure but i am not really sure what i just said
I am even more confused because I missed that lecture and a class mate wrote it like that like Z_2 is with +
Z_2 is usually with +
but working with {1,-1} under * is easier here imo
and thats isomorphic to Z_2
so i can choose
sorry, it's just my first time doing proofs of this kind
ussually we just define stuff but never go that deeply
lets ignore the group stuff
on the left we essentially take half of the real axis, but twice
on the right we take the whole real axis except zero
how can you give a nice bijection between those
yeah what denascite is saying is good, try to think about this logically in terms of how any mapping would make sense. then worry about the exact details of the grouping
ok give me sec to think and process
So basically this with Z_2 = {-1,1} would form with R_>0 {y = 1 | y > 0} U {y = -1 | y > 0} visually
uhm
like on the xy plane
lets call C_2 = {1,-1}
its not Z_2, just isomorphic
on the left we have C_2 x R_>0, that set has pairs of the form (1, x) or (-1,x) where x is a positive real number
yes?
yes
on the right we just have real numbers x, both positive and negative
how can you pair those up
the fact that you chose that word makes me a bit worried
what do you want to multiply
I said to forget that we have groups
wie kann man die linke seite mit der rechten seite paaren
links haben wir paare (+-1,x) mit positivem x
rechts haben wir reelle zahlen x ungleich 0
achso meinst du
zu welcher zahl gehört das paar (r,x)
ich weiß nicht, mein kopf sagt mir (r,x) ist doch ein punkt
ich will eine abbildung definieren von C_2 x R_>0 nach R^*
dafür muss ich jedem paar (r,x) eine reelle zahl zuordnen
wie könnte ich das tun
auf eine "sinnvolle" (also nicht "zufällige") Art und Weise
versuch zu zeigen dass diese abbildung ein isomorphismius ist
wie oben?
ja
@bitter pilot Has your question been resolved?
Ich schreibe gerade meinen beweis
Show that $\mathbb{C}2 \times \mathbb{R}{>0} \cong \mathbb{R}\setminus{0}.\$
$\ \textbf{Proof.} \$
Define $G = \mathbb{C}2 \times \mathbb{R}{>0}$ where $\mathbb{C}_2 = {-1,1}$ and $H = \mathbb{R}\setminus{0}.\$
Let $\Phi : G \to H$ where $\forall c \in \mathbb{C}2, r \in \mathbb{R}{>0}$ s.t. $(c,r) \mapsto z \cdot r.\$
Then $\Phi$ is a homomorphism because for some $a,b \in G$ s.t. $ a = (c_1,r_1), : b = (c_2,r_2)$ where $c_1,c_2 \in \mathbb{C}2$ and $r_1, r_2 \in \mathbb{R}{>0}$ holds
[ \Phi(a\Theta_1b) = \Phi((c_1,r_1) \cdot (c_2,r_2)) = \Phi(c_1c_2,r_1r_2) = c_1c_2 \cdot r_1r_2 = c_1r_1 \cdot c_2r_2 = \Phi(a) \Theta_2 \Phi(b). ]
$\Phi$ is surjective.$\$
Let $y \in H.\$
Then $\forall y > 0: :\Phi(1, y) = 1 \cdot y = y \in \mathbb{R}{>0}.\$
For $\forall y < 0: : \Phi(-1, y) = -1 \cdot y =: \tilde{y} \in \mathbb{R}{>0}.\$
$\Phi$ is injective.$\$
Let $x_1,x_2 \in G$ s.t. $x_1 = (c_1,r_1) \text{ and } x_2 = (c_2,r_2) \text{ where } c_1,c_2 \in \mathbb{C}2$ and $r_1, r_2 \in \mathbb{R}{>0}.\$
Then [ \Phi(x_1) = \Phi(x_2) \Rightarrow \Phi(c_1,r_1) = \Phi(c_2,r_2) \Rightarrow c_1r_1 = c_2r_2 \Rightarrow \frac{c_1}{c_2}r_1 = r_2 ]
W.l.o.g. suppose $c_1 = 1$ and $c_2 = -1$ then $-r_1 = r_2$ is a contradiction since the left side is negative and the right side is positive.$\$.
This implies $c_1 = c_2$ for $c_1 = c_2 = 1$ or $c_1 = c_2 = -1$, $\$ which implies $r_1 = r_2$ and thus $x_1 = x_2.\$
Therefore $\Phi$ is bijective, and thus an isomorphism.
zuerst, tausche alle Z_2 gegen C_2 aus
Z_2 und C_2 sind nicht dieselben sachen
wenn y<0, dann ist Phi(-1,-y)=y, das meintest du
warum folgt aus der letzten gleichung dass z_1=z_2 ?
wenn y < 0 z.b. y = -1 aber ich schreibe -y dann hätte ich 1
Wenn z_1 ungleich z_2 wäre also o.b.d.a. z_1 = 1 und z_2 = -1 dann folgt r_1 = -r_2 und dann wäre es nicht injektiv
Phi(....) soll gleich y sein, unabhängig davon ob y positiv oder negativ ist
oh
ja gut aber du kannst ja nicht argumentieren "ja z_1=z_2 denn sonst wäre es nicht injektiv". du willst ja momentan zeigen dass es injektiv ist
wenn du dir z_1/z_2 r_1=r_2 anguckst, dann ist die rechte seite positiv
also muss links auch positiv sein
gut man muss hier nicht mit nem widerspruch ran
da r_1 positiv muss dann auch z_1/z_2 positiv, also =1
oder man kann auch direkt von z1r1=z2r2 darauf schließen dass z1,z2 dasselbe VZ haben müssen
anyway, das ist nur ein bisschen nitpicking
Ist das also ausreichend?
Show that $C_2 \times \mathbb{R}{>0} \cong \mathbb{R}\setminus{0}.\$
$\ \textbf{Proof.} \$
Define $G = C_2 \times \mathbb{R}{>0}$ where $C_2 = {-1,1}$ and $H = \mathbb{R}\setminus{0}.\$
Let $\Phi : G \to H$ where $\forall c \in C_2, r \in \mathbb{R}{>0}$ s.t. $(c,r) \mapsto z \cdot r.\$
Then $\Phi$ is a homomorphism because for some $a,b \in G$ s.t. $ a = (c_1,r_1), : b = (c_2,r_2)$ where $c_1,c_2 \in C_2$ and $r_1, r_2 \in \mathbb{R}{>0}$ holds
[ \Phi(a\Theta_1b) = \Phi((c_1,r_1) \cdot (c_2,r_2)) = \Phi(c_1c_2,r_1r_2) = c_1c_2 \cdot r_1r_2 = c_1r_1 \cdot c_2r_2 = \Phi(a) \Theta_2 \Phi(b). ]
$\Phi$ is surjective.$\$
Let $y \in H.\$
Then $\forall y > 0: :\Phi(1, y) = 1 \cdot y = y \in \mathbb{R}{>0}.\$
For $\forall y < 0: : \Phi(-1, -y) = -1 \cdot -y = y \in \mathbb{R}{>0}.\$
$\Phi$ is injective.$\$
Let $x_1,x_2 \in G$ s.t. $x_1 = (c_1,r_1) \text{ and } x_2 = (c_2,r_2) \text{ where } c_1,c_2 \in C_2$ and $r_1, r_2 \in \mathbb{R}_{>0}.\$
Then [ \Phi(x_1) = \Phi(x_2) \Rightarrow \Phi(c_1,r_1) = \Phi(c_2,r_2) \Rightarrow c_1r_1 = c_2r_2 \Rightarrow \frac{c_1}{c_2}r_1 = r_2 ]
W.l.o.g. suppose $c_1 = 1$ and $c_2 = -1$ then $-r_1 = r_2$ is a contradiction since the left side is negative and the right side is positive.$\$
This implies $c_1 = c_2$ for $c_1 = c_2 = 1$ or $c_1 = c_2 = -1$, $\$ which implies $r_1 = r_2$ and thus $x_1 = x_2.\$
Therefore $\Phi$ is bijective, and thus an isomorphism.
(das C steht übrigens für cyclic, hab ich nicht komplett zufällig gewählt)
das mit y<0 musst du noch anpassen
ups
es ist jetzt wirklich y, nicht \tilde y
das R_>0 muss weg
das willst du ja auch gar nicht
wieso
happens
wenn ich sage y < 0 wieso schreibe ich -y ist das nicht widersprüchlich
wieso
wenn y<0 dann ist ja -y>0 und darum ist (-1,-y) in G
und das brauchst du ja, ansonsten würde Phi(-1,-y) nicht definiert sein

und Z_2 x R_>0 isomorph zu C_2 x R_>0
(beide davon sind deutlich einfacher)
(und das erste davon ist damit das zweite einfacher ist)
muss ich wieder so viel Aufwand betreiben
nein, das sind jeweils im grunde einzeiler
Kann ich sagen Z_2 ist isomorph zu C_2 weil |Z_2| = |C_2| und beide sind zyklisch
den vorteil den du dir erkämpft hast ist dass du oben mit c1,c2 wirklich als VZ rechnen durftest anstatt immer bei 0 an positiv denken zu müssen und bei 1 an negativ
wenn ihr im kurs gezeigt habt dass es nur eine zyklische gruppe für jede ordnung gibt, ja
klingt gut
Ist Z_2 X R_>0 isomorph C_2 X R_>0 das gleiche zu zeigen wie Z_2 ist isomorph zu C_2
im grunde halt ja
wie man erwarten würde, wenn G und H isomorph sind, dann ist GxK und HxK isomorph
versuch das zu zeigen
(die andere richtung gilt glaube ich nicht)
einen moment
𝔸dωn𝓲²s
Sagt man richtig, Phi ist ein Isomorphismus für C_2 x R_>0 und R \ {0}
Phi ist ein Isomorphismus zwischen C_2 x R_>0 und R\{0}
ahh ok
also den Beweis für die letzte Implikation würde ich schon gerne sehen
ich auch aber leider muss ich gleich ein tutorium halten
das ist auch nochmal keine schlechte übung dafür wie man so isomorphismen kombiniert
und ich hoffe ihr habt gezeigt dass isomorph sein eine äquivalenzrelation ist
ansonsten musst du das auch noch machen
ich kann alles gerade gebrauchen als gute vorbereitung weil wir machen halt nur sehr einfache sachen hab ich das gefühl
ja
im skript
Ich denke ich lass das hier offen, nochmal vielen lieben Dank
gern
Ich bin schon bisschen Stolz dass ich es iwie geschafft habe
so ein bweis ist nichtohne wenn man davor nie was gemach that
sich am anfang durch die ganzen definitionen und so zu kämpfen ist nicht einfach
wie bist du in nem algebra kurs gelandet ohne vorher beweise gehabt zu haben
aber wieso kannst du sowas überhaupt wählen ohne vorher beweise gesehen zu haben
Ich studiere angewandte Mathematik was das ganze erklärt denke ich
Ich hatte viele Sachen schon aber auf einer oberflächlichen Ebene.
z.b. Diskrete Mathematik, Numerik, Differentialgeometrie, Software Engineering, Stochastik, Operations Research
aber gerade Differentialgeometrie oder diskrete Mathematik das kann man nicht vergleichen mit einer Universität im Vergleich zu einer FH
na dann, toi toi toi
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i want to find a basis of U. to do that, my plan is to prove the list is LI, then argue that since the list length is equal to dimU, the list is a basis. but to show that, i need to find dimU, which is, uh, to find the basis. is there a way to find dimU without a basis?
what is P4(F) here?
set of all polynomials deg <= 4 with scalars either in R or C
what you can do instead is prove that it's a generator system (idk if that's the term in english?) and then prove that they are linearly independant, thus making it a base and giving you the dimension of U
can you elaborate on generator system?
spanning set?
what i called generator system (again, not sure the english term) allows you to get any element of the vector space as a linear combination of its elements.
Additionally, if the vectors in the GS are linearly independant, you have a base
U is a hyperplane of P_4(F)
it's the kernel of a linear form
so dimension is dim(P_4(F)) - 1
kernel?
you haven't seen linear maps?
nope
yeah so there's no finding a basis using that
but I mean
you could argue the dimension is at most dim(P_4(F)) - 1
since U is not equal to P_4(F)
and then find an LI family with dim(P_4(F)) - 1 vectors
justify this though
by finding a polynomial that's not in U
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if you are willing to use the factor theorem you can show quite easily that the polynomials you wrote down span the space
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How can I factor out csc^2 x I keep getting a diffrent answer than the book
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Nvm I have a other question sorry
cot^-1 (1) how do I type that into a scientific calculator?
I tried 1/tan^-1(1) but I got a diffrent answer than my book
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hi
here is my solution for x>0
how can I proof that f>0 for -1 <= x < 0
<@&286206848099549185>
how did you get r(1+x)^(r-1)-r ?
thats f'(x)
altough it should be c instead of x
where 0<c<x
@violet fox Has your question been resolved?
how can MVT help you here?
it will only show existence of c, it won't tell you about the value of f at all points in the interval
since x is greater than 0
r [ (1+c)^(r-1) - 1 ] is greater than 0 and r [ (1+c)^(r-1) - 1 ] is equal to f so f is also greater than zero
i see
i think you forgot x in the denominator, but it still makes sense
maybe that x in the denominator will also help you with the case -1<=x<0
isn't it kicking the can a bit, to say r [ (1+c)^(r-1)-1 ] > 0 ?
yes you are right
it can solve the question
what do you mean?
we can say f(x) = rx[ (1+c)^(r-1) - 1 ]. the thing in brackets is negative and x is negative so f is positive
tysm
you're welcome
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I already know the answer is 364, but is there a faster way
which way did you do it
I do it like this
i think they counted the number of times each number 1 to 12 appears in the sum
ohhh
multiply the first half of the number by the other half, then multiply by 2
um
uh
ok maybe i was wrong
I use my logic🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
cute
is that right though?
how i'd do it is quite standard
yeaa
but it took quite a long time
and This can only be used if the number of numbers is even, what if it is odd
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can someone check my work
@sly basin Has your question been resolved?
y>0 is given ?
klind of
ye
because it would be undefined if it wasnt right
we would get imaginary
you asked this yesterday i think?
lol
i have no idea on how to do this
i think its wrong
you obviously have to expand x(t)
its just 1500+ 96t
i suppose you get why that is x(t)
but x(t) is always different depending on time
whereas v(t) we can someonewhat calculate it cuz we know volume and concentration
even this depends on time
do i have to solve for C for that one?
did they give any condition ?
ye
what is it ?
no no
since i know thats initiatl
fo this did they give any condition
then you possibly cant solve for the constant term
but i remember for other problems similar to this
dont we actually have to solve the differnetial equation
ohhh ur saying like
yeah
not really tbh
well
i was thinking the formula is basically the concentration in times rate out.
This is the stuff we are given.
thats all rate in.
As for rate out.
we can figure out the rate out but we cant figure out concenntration out.
So to answer ur question. its basically concentration out = x(t) / v(t)
so x(t) would be total amount of salt divided by total volume?
obvsly its with respect 2 time
yes
the total amount of salt
tell how much salt we had initially
oi @sly basin wake up
its given 3g per litre ,it doesnt show the total amount salt
im asking the total amount of salt intially present in the container
since we had 500 litres of 3g/l the total amound of salt presset would be 500 *3
which is 1500
Ohh
get it ?
because at time 0
wait why
Ohh
yeee
Cin times rin
concentration in and rate in
right
i tried to use this guys method
Examples and explanations for a course in ordinary differential equations.
ODE playlist: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwIFHT1FWIUJYuP5y6YEM4WWrY4kEmIuS
In this video we derive a first order linear differential equation which models a mixing process. This model is used solve mixing or mixture problems: problems where we want to determ...
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yeah
its the sum of the amout already present and the new amount ofsalt being added
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What's 4 times 4?
16
16
,calc 4*4
Result:
16
I can confirm that its 16
Also, if you're new to this server, don't post questions like these, they can be interpreted as trolling
the device they open discord on has calculator on it by default... it's hard to see it as more than trolling
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we're asked to find the radiuses (big circle radius = 6.25, small circle radius = 3), after that, we have to find the distance between their centers
but I don't know how to do that
how can we even find their centers in the first place?
The small circle is called the incircle
The big circle is called the circumcircle
The distance between circumcentre and incentre is $\sqrt{R^2 - 2Rr}$
Pro_Hecker
Do you know about this formula?
nope
Then, you'll probably have to do it manually
Not a hard task since the triangle is isoceles
are there scenarios where you have to do it manually?
or can you just use this formula every where
No this is a universal formula
oh wow
Proven in all cases
so works on every shape?
On triangles
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Hey, I mean you're not supposed to use that formula 😦
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I actually don't know how to find this manually
and I'm pretty sure the drawing that I have made is inaccurate
the centers can not be the same
Nah good enough
alright
Centres can be same in equilateral triangle
Incentre is equidistant form all sides
Circumcentre is perpendicular bisector of all sides
You can use these facts
yeah
it can be a bisector as well?
yeah
equidistant?
equal distance
I see
so, if draw a perpendicular form incentre to all sides perpendiculars will be equal
d is the distance right
is this even accurate?
the height can be a median as well
and you get that the diameter of the circumcircle is 8
via pythagoras
yea
then we can solve this
cosa = 6/10 right
yeah
I don't see how we're going to do that,
But you already know the radius don't you?
oh yea
I found that via herons
ok my bad
🤣
I forgot
what are we trying to find via law of cosines?
<BCI = C/2 (why?)
is that the same triangle as the one I sent?
kind of interesting how u set the big circle
Yeah same one
not sure
Incentre is intersection of angle bisectors
