#help-17
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Hi again
Well
I tried putting m=2 n =3
and I considered 2 cases 0 and 1
And got f(5) > 2
As I thought 2005 = 2000 + 5
I must be helpful
f(even number)=0
Thats all i got
Wait no, hold on
f(9996+3)-f(9996)-f(3)=0
You shoild be able to find f(3)
I'm not sure how should I find f(9996)
Do you wanna know how i got this?
ok lol
first thing, rearrange to get
f(m+n)=f(m)+f(n)
n always equals 2
then you can do m=2 then 4 then 6
And so on
did you miss the "or 1" in the question?
And perhaps this is for the first case, f(m+n)=1+f(m)+f(n)
This is the second case
correct, f isn't defined at -2
so property number 1 is that f has a domain of the natural numbers
what's the next property we have?

we know its domain, it seems natural to figure out its range
or at least codomain / try to get a handle on its range even if we don't know the full extent of it
The only question is how now...
well
the second phrase of the question would tell you
although it's phrased kind of oddly
i read that as saying the function takes on values that are non-negative integers
where "takes on" I read as "can output"
and is integers
Yep
so now again what can f(1) be? we know it can be one of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...
we do have four more properties of f that are given in the question
three of which are simple and one of which is fairly complicated to state
the long one
well, as two possibilitids
you could phrase that as f(m + n) - f(m) - f(n) < 2
but that's maybe less helpful
but you have everything you need to calculate f(1) or at least to constrain it to a handful of values
for example, is it possible that f(1) = 20?
Ig not
Or maybe it might be
Well m and n can take any integers but if we take a negative it won't be valid...
And only way to write one is 0+1 (in form of integrs >= 0)
true, so f(1) can't be broken down into m and n
but that relationship applies to all values
Yes...

the only useful piece of information we really have right now is f(2)
because even though f(9999) - f(9998) - f(1) = 0 or 1 we don't know f(9998)
Yep..
think backwards
spoiler: ||m = n = 1 - set up the equation and you'll get one possible value for f(1)||
Considering 0;
f(1+1)-f(1)-f(1) =0
-2f(1)=0
f(1)=0
Considering 1;
f(1+1)-f(1)-f(1)=1
F(1)=-1/2 [invalid]
We got f(1)=0
yep
cool! so now you should be able to fill in the rest of the table all the way up to 9999

Not sure what you mean by that...
what's f(3)?
how did you get that f(3) was 1? you're right but I'm not sure your reasoning is right
f(3) = f(2) + f(1) + (1 or 0)
Alr
If I try finding f(5)
We again end up with 2 cases...
f(5) = 1 and f(5)=2
As f(3+2)-f(3)-f(2)=(0 or 1)
f(5) - 1 = (0 or 1)
okay cool
why'd you skip over f(4)?
i mentioned a table before; I'd definitely recommend one here
Table??
of inputs to outputs
just to keep track of it
like
x | f(x)
--------
1 | 0
2 | 0
3 | 1
4 | ???
5 | 1-2
And also f(4) also has two possibilities l
f(2+2)- f(2)-f(2)= (0 or 1)
f(4)=(0,1)
And
f(3+1)-f(3)-f(1) = (0,1)
f(4)=(0,2)
Like 3 possibilities
0,1,2
hmm. what happens if you take f(1+3) instead
f(3+2)-f(3)-f(2)=(0 or 1)
f(5) - 1 = (0 or 1)
f(5) = (1,2)
f(4+1) -f(4)-f(1)= (0,1)
Considering 3 case of f(4)
f(5) = (0,1), (1,2), (2,3)
Still f(1+3)-f(1)-f(3) = f(4)-1 = (0,1) => f(4)=(1,2)
oh right it's symmetric duh
,rcw
how can f(5) = 3?
that doesn't work as f(2+3)
what i suspect will happen
is that you'll need to minimize these values to just barely satisfy that last constraint
it's gotta work for all of them
no matter what n and m are (as long as they're natural numbers), that equation has to be satisfied
you can determine f(4) exactly
Yes?
f(4)=f(2)+f(2)+(0,1) <= 1. and f(4)=f(3)+f(1)+(0,1) >= 1. so f(4)=1
next it might be better to skip f(5) and first determine f(6)
yes that is what I just wrote down
The possibility of f(5) = (1,2)
I don't think we can find exact value of f(5)
As f(3+2) = 1 + (0,1)
f(4+1) = 1 + (0,1)
actually, f(7) first is better
urgh I'm making mistakes in my head. but anyway, you got the idea now. now its a bit of playing around with the conditions, playing them against each other
I think we see the pattern after 4
1 at 4
Then 1,2 at 5
Then 2 at 6
Then again 2, 3 at 7
Let me calc
8
Intersection is (2,3)
Again

My brain is hurting 
Will solve this later
Thanks for the help tho
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im confused about a midpoint calculator
@old niche Has your question been resolved?
what do you think it should be?
Simpson's rule.
@old niche Has your question been resolved?
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@vast shale Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
in the line where you rationalise the denominator, you are multiplying the numerator and denominator by (4-2sqrt(3)) right?
have another look at how you are multiplying out the denominator
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How do I do this?
@vast shale Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
is this hsc seems familiar
Man u annoying asf
Why are you even here if you dont wanna help
Jee thanks
I thought this server was made to help people
What grade u on?
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What is the problem that this is a solution to?
what do you not understand?
why did the proof start with 4 x 5? shouldnt it start for 3x4 for the minimum?
and then the next inequality im confused about
i feel like im being dumb
maybe i should leave this
@fickle rose Has your question been resolved?
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$\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k = 1}^n \left ( \frac{k}{n} \right )^n$
neonperseus
I don't know where I'd begin on this
shut up derp
what's that
Wait does
yes
Does what
your fears are real

I'm just guessing but maybe he just noticed the terms depend on n
How do these sums help me solving the problem though
just fix the partial sum definition
well
infinite series is just a sequence of partial sums
and you can batter it with a bunch of theorems
like monotone convergence theorem
and co
See if the thing converges
It has a finite answer
It's e/(e - 1)
Which suspiciously looks like a geometric series
yeah it reminds me of the
I'm wondering if maybe you can see this as a riemann sum
But I didn't want to introduce bias by bringing in the answer
yeah I did that in a previous problem I brought in here
It worked
the n exponent makes this not possible I think
but we can still try
yeah the exponent is also bothering me
$\frac{\sum_{k=1}^{n}k^{n}}{n^{n}}$
methisalwaysright
well you just run into a infty/infty situation
geometric series has closed form partial sum, so it might help
oh wait it's not geometric
damn
nvm ignore me
how is this manipulation justified
He just factored out n^n
1/n^n
yeah
haram
what was the definition for e again
$\lim_{n \to \infty} \left ( 1 + \frac 1n \right )^n$
putting the fraction on the left is cursed
neonperseus
thanks neon
If we were to factor out n from here
$\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{n^n} \left ( n + 1 \right )^n$
neonperseus
looking close actually
this idea is now viable again
Is it legal to use the binomial expansion on (1 + n)^n here
The answer is just due to how limits work lol
Idk if that goes very far tho
yeah
Also gosh darn you is this your way of baiting me to do a limit
Open a help channel with it

The current time for derp_z is 01:42 AM (AWST) on Sun, 02/07/2023.
let's ask wolfie
hmm
it would be pretty difficult to find the limit using binomial expansion
WA doesnt know

For e, e^2, e^3...
MathIsAlwaysRight may have a point lol
Can each of these limits individually be written as some sort of power of e
Which then gets GP'd
can you write out what you're trying to say lmao
he already did
Indeed

What's the formula for e^x again
er
$\lim_{t \to \infty} \left ( 1 + \frac xt \right )^t$
neonperseus
Hmm
yeah
I think
$\lim_{t \to \infty} \sum_{k = 1}^{\infty} \left ( 1 + \frac kt \right )^t$
neonperseus
THIS IS TANTALIZINGLY CLOSE
so, we have our sum (1/n)^n + (2/n)^n + ... + ((n-1)/n)^n + (n/n)^n. focusing on the second to last term, that's just (1-1/n)^n and converges to e^-1. the others from the right converge to e^-2, e^-3 and so on
err the sum is to t right not to infty
oh bruh
e/(e-1) is actually the GP for 1/e
you can't just do that lol
Does it matter
yeah
Ah yes 1/e^n
I think what denascite said is right
yeah but its missing details
the one which I said is not convergent 
like lag said, you cant just do that
with each new n there are new terms appearing. why is that fine
and if we kind of write this down where each row represents a certain value of n. we are then doing the limits by column. why is that allowed
it's alright
does neon need to know analysis to justify these lol
Why not
Neon do you know dominated convergence theorem
nope
That sounds like analysis lol
we are roughly switching the order of the limits. we are first letting k->inf and then n->inf
Nevermind what I said then
lesbesgue dominated convergence theorem?
Right
What about the equivalent Monotone convergence theorem?
no idea
booo
$\int_{n=0}^{\infty} \int_{k=0}^n \left( \frac k n\right) ^n \dd k \dd n$ in counting measure or something
chapter 2.3, understanding analysis
omg integrals
measure theory 
Wait that's not a nice integral
I guess squeeze theorem is the last result
yay I know what that is
double integrals 
nah wait I messed up
this can be solved with just MCT?
Bound (1-k/n)^n from above by e^(-k)
that shows that it converges. but does it show that it converges to the correct thing?
And below by something that approaches to e^(-k) you get from binomial expansion
huh neat
Takes a lot more work, but the same idea of showing each term converges to exp(-k)
Involves characteristic functions and integrals
I'll probably just let this go for now
Especially if it calls for math beyond my level
do you have a specific proof in mind? involving char functions?
I hope that was directed to riemann
yes
Yea it's on MSE
can you share?
love how it ends with
Characteristic being indicator, not the Fourier transform one
"Can someone please help me?"
Will you close the channels yourselves after you're done?
Lol yea I realized that after I sent the link
but of course using the indicator ones like that is much smarter
This was the answer I was describing
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/4546589
I thought somewhere along those lines but not enough to make it precise
been some time since I've done analysis like that
Same. No way I can think of this in just a few minutes
I just Google fast and pretend like I understand
I also googled but didnt find it
wow that is clever
It's a good problem. Love that there are so many solutions
yeah its a nice one. and I think I would have gotten it with enough time, so I'm happy with that
weird that they didnt just apply MCT to the counting measure
your mentioning DCT gave it away 

I mean whether you apply MCT or DCT to counting measure doesnt make a huge difference at that point
doing it with char funcs is funky notation
it removes the dependence on n for the upper bound which was one thing I was struggling with

@viral copper Has your question been resolved?
I don't know has it
well its your channel
If you're satisfied I'm satisfied
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something isnt right. i thought only the value inside the bracket must be squared
so shouldnt it be 2 sqroot(x), and not 4 sqroot(x)?
2 is also in the bracket?
$(2\sqrt x)^2 = (2 \sqrt x)(2 \sqrt x) = 2\cdot 2\cdot \sqrt x \cdot \sqrt x = 4 x$
it wasnt in it at first
denascite
if its an equation, we square the constant behind the sq root?
but in an expression, the constant remains unchanged right?
if there was no bracket, would we square the 2, or the x only?
$2 \sqrt x ^2 = 2 x$
denascite
if thats what you mean
yeah but
i was just wondering if we should square the constant behind the square root only if its an equation
since an equation squares both sides, but an expression doesnt
this has nothing to do with whether its an equation or not
2 is either included in the bracket or not
lets say we have csqroot axb. we wouldnt square the c
hm
so if the question has a bracket, we square it, but if it doesnt have a bracket, we dont?
since a bracket applies to the whole thing
$2 \sqrt x ^2 = 2(\sqrt x)^2$
denascite
and 2 is not in the bracket
its 2x
but in this example, he squared the constant behind it
which is why im confused
shouldnt this be 2x and not 4x?
but in csqroot axb, we dont square the c
thats what i found in one of the answers
you dont square anything in there because you havent written down any square
so it ended up being c sqroota sqrootb
so why do we sometimes square the constant, but sometimes not?
why do some examples say we squaare the constant behind the root, and sometimes not?
this is not about 2 being a constant or not
2sqrtx is one thing
you are squaring the entire thing
because you square both sides of the equality
what if its not an equation, but an expression?
an expression includes the square already. so either the 2 is included in the bracket or its not
what if its not
then you dont square it
but in this example, we didnt square the c
well, the brackets in lns arent necessary but
i had to expand it
to get rid of the sqroot
which is how the answer turned out to be ln c + ln a/2 + lnb/2
and?
ok so basically what i got from this is
you didnt square anything
if bracket, then square the whole thing
if no bracket, then square whats inside the root
thats it right?
square the things inside the bracket
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so its this?
are you postivie on that
dont sell bro
... i'm a woman, don't call me bro
bro is gender neutral term
wdym?
rewrite the expression in terms of first powers of the cosines of multiple angles
you've got a second power in there still
dunno let's check
Siiii
,w simplify 4sin^2(4x) - (3-4cos(4x)-cos(8x))
nope
thats not what i put
i had WA simplify 2 * (original expression) - 2 * (your answer)
if your answer was correct it would have come out as 0
,w simplify 1/2[3-4cos(4x)-cos(8x)
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bro you sold so hard
you sold smh
smh smh smh
you dont deserve to have the helpful role
youre a bot
gg
i don't know what "sold" means, but also i told you not to call me bro
you chose to double down on it
What does selling mean
and now accusing me of being a "bot"
what is selling
||It's used in the context of a multiplayer online team-based battle game where you give the enemies kills (by dying from them), and your allies will say that you're selling, because you're giving them (free) kills or points.||
Ann your sales numbers are through the roof
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@zenith zephyr Has your question been resolved?
???
What they meant with selling
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whatd you try
What's the domain of arccos?
-1,1
So for what domain of x can sin take values in [-1,1]?
Wdym?
What are the possible values of x such that sin x lies in [-1,1]?
Isn’t it jus -1 and 1?idk
(-infty, infty)
Yeah so the required domain is R then, right?
Yeah
Now for the range, sin x takes all the values in R, so the range of 2arccos(sin x) should be twice of arccos, right?
Because of the 2?
Yes
Yeah and the range of arccos is 0,pi
Yes
So then what?
Yeah so the range is [0,2pi]
So you multiplied them?
Yes
That’s also what you did here with -1,1?
Why can you multiply for range but not domain?
What is domain?
The possible x values
Basically the domain of a function is the set of values the input of the function can take so that the function returns a value in the codomain.
Here, the domain is the set of values of x such that the function gives real values. If I multiply the function by any real number (but 0), it does not affect the domain, as I can still take the same values of x and get a real output from the function
On the other hand, range is the set of values that the function returns from the argument. So if I'm multiplying a real number to the function, it changes the range of the function.
So yk how sinx range is -1,1 do we multiply 0 and 2pi by it?
No. See we need the range of y=2arccos(sin x), the range of sin x is [-1,1], so y ranges from 2arccos(-1) to 2arccos(1), right? Now since the domain of arccos is [-1,1], [arccos(-1),arccos(1)] is the range of arccos, which is [0,pi], so 2arccos(-1) to 2arccos(1) would be [0,2pi]
So you did multiply it But it just gives you the same thing?
It does not give me the same thing. If the range of y is [a,b], then what should be the range of 2y?
2a,2b
No I mean the 0,2pi
Multiplying it by -1,1 gives the same thing
Why would you multiply it with -1 or 1?
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Hi, I need help with this problem, not the answer jsut an explanation to what it is asking:
is the boundary just the highest/lowest c values on the map or?
@hearty delta Has your question been resolved?
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@elfin moon Has your question been resolved?
open a complex analysis textbook
.close
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How do you get started with
so A = ds(4444^4444), B = ds(A), and we're asked for ds(B), where ds stands for digit-sum.
Yes
in other words we're asked for ds(ds(ds(4444^4444)))
about how many digits do you expect 4444^4444 to have?
well, what happens to the digit length of a number when, say, you square it?
roughly
did you mean "expectations" or did you fall victim to autocorrect
Exception
ok you fell victim to autocorrect
anyway, your wording of "They double there self" is clunky, but yes. the digit length approximately doubles.
n^2 is certainly not more than twice as long as n itself.
what do you think would happen to a number's length if you raised it to the 4444th power?
Well, like if you square then the lengths double then might be that if you raise it to 4444th Power the length might be x4444
are you sure
or are you not reading the things you yourself are saying
raising to the 4444th power multiplies the length of the number (roughly!) by 4444,
but what is the length of 4444 itself? certainly not 1!
but we only know the length not the digits ....
our gigantic power has, let's say, at most 18,000 digits.
Alr
and while we do not know exactly what those digits are,
this info still lets us put an upper bound on ds(4444^4444).
do you see how or should i prompt you further?
what's the biggest that one individual digit can be?
9
so with a number 18000 digits long, at most how big can its digit sum be?
9×18000
exactly
That's it??
no, that's not yet it.
but we know A = ds(4444^4444) ≤ 162000.
this means A is at most a 6-digit number starting with a one.
that severely limits what ds(A) could be !
How can you claim this?? I don't get it...
Yes I certainly do, but how does that and that relate??
if A ≤ 162000, can A be longer than 6 digits?
IMO 1975 Problem 4
Pw dpp problem number 2
ds(4444^4444) can't be longer than 6 digits
Alr
so what's the biggest that ds(ds(4444^4444)) could be, given this?
Welll, as ds(4444^4444) can't be greater than 6, the atmost level the max number will be 999999 ds(999999)....
Ap 9×6 = 56
9*6 is not 56
also we can do a bit better than that, since not all six-digit numbers are available as values for A
but i suppose that actually doesn't matter.
so B ≤ 54 now
You can keep the 1 in the front
Since the ds is no more than 162000
so instead of 999999 find ds of 199999
as ds(4444^4444) can't be greater than 6
this is incorrect as written btw
Why is that so??
A ≤ 162000, so if A is six digits long then its first digit has to be 1
yeah, ok
We need to find ds(B)
now find an upper bound for ds(B)
apply the same thing again
First digit will be 4 and two digit number
we won't be done even after finding it, however.
So B =< 42, it can't be greater than 2 (length) so at peak it has to be 42 again??
how 42?
the length must be two and first digit must be 4
so the max you can have is 49
find its ds
well that doesn't make a difference
49
okay so what is its digit sum
13
So we're now done with the first part
Now are you aware of modulo?
yes? is there something wrong?
B <= 42, so it as to be a smaller number less than 42 and should have two digits so how's 42 not correct??
are you asking why B ≤ 42 doesn't mean ds(B) ≤ ds(42)?
I mean it is 2 digit long
digit sum of 39 or 49 is greater than digit sum of 42
Like here, I'm confused here again how's the first digit being one??
can A be 2##### or 3##### or 4##### etc.?
No, but A can be 161999??
at most 162000
it can. and?
Yes
And be 162000 at its peak
It can't go beyond that
But here B <= 42, how's 49 coming up??
we're looking at the biggest digit sum possible among the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 42
and saying that none of them have digit sum greater than 4 (max value of tens digit) + 9 (max value of units digit)
well just so you say we can consider 39 which is less than 42
Yes
now consider
for ANY natural number n, it is true that ds(n) ≡ n (mod 9)
do you understand this or not
I understand that 9 | ds(n) - n
should i read this as "I understand that 9 | ds(n) - n, but not ds(n) ≡ n (mod 9)"?
yes or no
Alr alr
anyway, applying this three times, we get that ds(B) has the same remainder mod 9 as that big power we started with, 4444^4444
are you able to find the remainder of 4444^4444 mod 9?
0
No
Are you just guessing

Bruh, you just gave the himt
i mean there are finitely many options
basudev, you should give straight answers to yes/no questions that people ask you
right now you AVOIDED that
and instead started guessing
i find that extremely annoying
please do not do this ever again
first of all find remainder of 4444 mod 9
WHAT leaves a remainder of 0?

i think you in fact did not get it.
7^n is never 0 mod 9 btw
i'm having trouble helping actually
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Hello, can anyone help out with this question (e) . I tried using the pq formula, but could not get to a suitsble answer
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pq formula is overkill for that,
still show us how you tried to apply that
I get it
I will try and inform if i stuck
There is the answer I think
I have got it right, thanks for helping out
.close
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Im stuck in this question please help.
I try writing a system of equations then use a matrix that represents the system and perform row operations until the matrix is in echeleon form. However, I seem to do something wrong in the process
-96 = a(-3)^3 +b(-3)^2 +c(-3) +d -2 = a(-1)^3 + b(-1)^2 +c(-1) +d 4=a(1)^3 + b(1)^2 +c(1) +d 19=a(2)^3 +b(2)^2 +c(2)+d then you solve this system of 4 equations to find the values of a,b,c and d
oh show me how you did it
don't worry
Then I interchange rows 1 and 3
From the matrix
Then I did operations to perform row operations that make 0 appear below in column 1
R2=r1+r2
Beginning with that
If you noticed, you can simplify R2 and R3 first, it would make things much more easier
If you added the two, you just have b and d left
Simplify? Would there only be R1 and R4 if I add R2 and R3? So it be only two equations
But what about the -2 and 4 on the other side
I'm saying the left side would be much easier to simplify since you have zeros
Is there a way to show me because I got lost? Do you mean add them up to have 0=2?
If you noticed how in R2 and R3, the a and c terms have equal coefficients but are opposite
So they would cancel out
then interchange R3 and R1 if you haven't
As a helper, please do not give out answers that could be copied as a homework solution. Have the student work through the problem themselves and guide them along the way.
Do you understand the process of Gaussian Elimination, in general?
You want to end up with a upper triangular matrix
Not really I got started. I can follow steps given but understanding not really. I just started learning echelon form
Since you are new to echelon, I suggest this video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDb6iugi6Uk&ab_channel=TheOrganicChemistryTutor
And I suggest working with smaller matrices at first, to get the hang of it before going into a 4x4 and bigger as it takes more algebra
This precalculus video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the gaussian elimination - a process that involves elementary row operations with 3x3 matrices which allows you to solve a system of linear equations with 3 variables. You need to convert the system of equations into an augmented matrix and use matrix row operations to write it ...
Here's a 4x4 example
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VAXv6yRULU&ab_channel=TheOrganicChemistryTutor
This precalculus video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the gaussian elimination with 4 variables using elementary row operations with 4x4 matrices. You need to convert the system of linear equations into an augmented matrix and write it row echelon form using matrix row operations. You can solve the system using back substitution. ...
I thought it was just called reducing the matrix to echelon form didnt know it had a name lol
A lot in math has a name
Thanks!
I think for the problem I have to interchange row 1 and 3. Then R2=r1+r2 next R3=27r1+r3 but if there is an easier way...
Overall, you have slightly bigger numbers so it's going to take time
Yeah... It's just too many steps that Im doing at some point I eventually make a mistake
Just take your time with the math
@celest kite Has your question been resolved?
I finally got it for R3=27r1+r3 I incorrectly did 27(1)-96 instead of 27(4)-96 thats I was off.
Fyi you should react to the bot's message so the channel doesn't close
Can you post your full work?
React meaning hit the check if you are done with the channel or x meaning you need it open still
Closed by @celest kite
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.reopen
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Sure i would have to write it neatly though
Its chicken scratch
right now
Were you done with the channel? Because the check means you are done and it closes the channel
Yeah im done I got 3x^3-2x^2+3
If you got the answer, then what did you mean by
I finally got it for R3=27r1+r3 I incorrectly did 27(1)-96 instead of 27(4)-96 thats I was off.
I was explaining why I wasn't getting it correctly I was doing the row operations and accidentally put a 1 instead of a 4
Closed by @karmic imp
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Btw no need to because I thought you were saying you did math wrong with this statement
I finally got it for R3=27r1+r3 I incorrectly did 27(1)-96 instead of 27(4)-96 thats I was off.
If you want you can dm the work, still
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Hello, I might just be doing this wrong but the answers for angle A don't match up (which is underlined in red). I have looked over it but I can't seem to find what I've gotten wrong. It could also be that the answer for BC was wrong.. (Calculator was used btw)
@warm atlas Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
You added a 2 in front of sin(2A) when you shouldn't have.
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i understand everything here
exept where that 1/4 came from?
am i being dumb and just missing something?
Substitute du/4 for dx

^^^
um... ok but why does dx = 1/4?
u have to substitute du / 4 in place of dx
where are they getting du = 1 then?

im really not following this at all
what constant?
read each line thoroughly
they are explaining everything
if u substitute something u have to find a relation as well
as in this example we substituted 3x+4 as u
but can't solve $\int u^5 dx$
substitution seems so pointless
_kapp_
so we need to find the relation between du and dx
2 /
??
2/ what
can u write in latex or on a notebook and send me a picture
Usually the method of integration by substitution is extremely useful when we make a substitution for a function whose derivative is also present in the integrand. Doing so, the function simplifies and then the basic formulas of integration can be used to integrate the function.
seems correct to me
but as i said above
substitution in general is better than memorising so many results
yes
but rn its just overcomplicating simple formula



