#help-13
1 messages · Page 404 of 1
i want to know why f(alpha) = f(beta) = -9
gimme a minute
so you found out that for any value of x, f(x) remains to be -9
so whether you substitute alpha or beta instead of x
you'd still get -9
i did not think of that
thank youu ❤️
i think i can do it now that i understood the concept
you can try the quadratic formula approach I mentioned eariler and see if it works for you
glad I could help 😄
the prev one is none of these right
yes
thank you
Welcome
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@winter falcon Has your question been resolved?
huh
No
@winter falcon Has your question been resolved?
!nosols , but yeah the push is cool
As a helper, please do not give out answers that could be copied as a homework solution. Have the student work through the problem themselves and guide them along the way.
Sorry I didn’t want to leave It answerless
thats fine i get it
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suppose vectors u and v are linearly independent. if {u,v,w} is dependent, then w must be a combination of u and v. However, I don't get why this must be the case. Why can't u be a combination of v and w? imagine u to be v+w, this does not contradict u and v being independent
Both work
If u = v+w then w = u -v
Both statements work
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For question 3 part a, in a bit unsure how to even prove such statements. I think this is a proof by construction but I’m not sure if induction works
My main idea is to first show that every generated sigma algebra from a finite collection of sets is finite
Hence we can always find more from M
yes, construction and iterate
if M -> inf. then M has infinitely many distinct sets in it
if all sets differ finitely, the algebra will be finite -> false (contradicts)
then comes construction
A e M, M is inf -> we split A in two disjoint noempty sets A1, A2 e M
iterate: keep on splitting A1
we get infinite B's
a -> true
@noble dock Has your question been resolved?
because a has been proven we can prove b
we have inf. sequence of disjoint sets as seen in a {Cn} for example
M is sig.-algebra, all the countable unions of {Cn} are in M ( U_neA Cn, A C_ N) hope this is understandable lol
the number of subsets of N is 2^a0 =c ->
-> M has contin. many distinct elements
b-> true
Yeah so ig I’m a bit confused on the construction part. Like why does the “iteration” method work?
Because don’t we need to create an inf sequence? But like depending on how the sequence is indexed, if the indexing set is the reals then this wouldn’t work right?
Or idk
I understand up to the subset of N part
you only need to show that there exists a countably infinite family of disjoint sets inside M
Yes, but ig am confused as to why constructing recursively works here. Is it because we define a set inside of M that is disjoint from all the others for all n in N, hence countable since we can form bijection between N and the constructed collection of sets
the infinite sequence is indexed by N
let me find some symbols so that i don't improvise
p.s. yes
Bi ∩ Bj = {} (empty seT) wherever i =/= j
that's a countably infinite sequence of disjoint sets indexed by N
what are you showing?
∃{Bn}^inf. where n=1 ⊆ M
so we start with any set
So B_n is fixed?
A e M, A e/ {{}, X}
Yes
Yes
M is sig-algebra A^c eM and A,A^c are disjoint
Yes
because M is infinite at least one of these must contain more structure
in other words
you can split it
Yes, yeah ig I understand that part
But more so just why a recursive approach/formal reasoning as to why a recursive approach works
so you can define: B1 = nonempty measurable subset
Like it seems kinda like “just let it go on”
B2 = A \ B1
yes
But then that requires us to define the previous sets before it right
Before we can define the later sets
it's recursion:
so you've constructed B1,B2 ... Bn pariwise disjoint
M is inf. the sig alegebra generated by {B1....Bn} is finite at max 2^n sets
so because M is infinite there must be/exist a set C e M not in that finite subalgebra
good until now?
the recurse never stops because of this
because M is infinite and {B1...Bn} is finite
so there is always new set outside this
Yeah ig this part is what’s kinda tripping me up. Cuz it seems like “magic”.
I was looking for more of a way to prove that this works, kinda like why induction works due to well ordering principle
Yes
well induction works because the subalgebra generated by the split is finite
and M is infinite
so there is always new, just like magic lol
Oh wait we are showing all this by induction?
you basically define new disjoint sets
Yes
Oh okay yeah, ig is there formal proof as to why iteration works/where I can look for this?
But maybe that’s for another time
But continuing to part B
We show that card(M) = card(P(N))?
In mathematics, the concept of a measure is a generalization and formalization of geometrical measures (length, area, volume) and other common notions, such as magnitude, mass, and probability of events. These seemingly distinct concepts have many similarities and can often be treated together in a single mathematical context. Measures are found...
.
we shown that a is true, we have an infinite sequence of disjoint sets right ? we called them {Bn} now
so we consider all unions of subsets of {Bn}
Union of Bn n e A , A C _ N
because M is sig. algebra all these countable unions are in M
Or wait how are these subsets part of M?
Ohh wait I’m sorry these B_n are all in M
the number of subsets of N is 2^a0 = c
ok i don't have aleph wait:
so N is the set of natural numbers
a0 aleph0 is the cardinality of N (the smallest inf.) countable infinity
2^a0 = the cardinality of the power set of N
in other words the set of all subsets of N
c is the continuum
What is a0 here?
Yes
c is the cardinality of the real numbers R
aleph 0
the cardinality of the power set of N
the smallest infinity
it's like saying |P(N)| = |R|
I thought smallest infinity was countable N?
Ah ok
yes that's a0
Oh ok
So essentially what we have is since the collection of B_n all in M, and M is a sigma algebra
Yeah I’m still a bit confused on the subsets part
Like is it subset of the collection?
so you either include or exclude natural numbers
0,1
cardinally it's 2^a0
2 choices
any subset of N can be included or excluded n (natural number)
so : (b0,b1,b2,....) bi e {0,1} for excluded included
2 choices
cardinally 2^a0
or aleph0
its 2 choices for each of countably infinitely many positions
so why is this c?
real numbers in [0,1] can be written binary:
b0,b1,b2 with bi e {0,1}
|P(N)| = |{0,1}^N| = |[0,1}| = |R| = c
aleph0 is countable infinity just like N
it's smallest
2^aleph0 is much bigger infinity in other words uncountable
and it's the same size as c
in english: the whole/collection of all subsets of the naural itself is uncountable
Yes that makes sense
Yeah ig I’m more confused as to we show that there is infinite sequence of disjoint sets in M. But then where is the subset of N coming from?
Lie are the subsets actually a collectioj of sets
we are kinda coding subsets of N by unions of the disjoint family
we want to show that |M| has at least continuum (c) many distinct elements
se we have a sequence of disjoint sets {Bn}n e N
for every A C _ N from the union of those Bn whose indices are in A
Fa:= union n eA Bn
each Fa e M because sig. alegras are closed under countable unions
different subsets give different unions because Bn are dijoint
index matters
P(N) -> M
which -> |M| > _ |P(N)|
so in english: the subsets of N aren't already inside M, it's indexing set N for the dijoint family: B1, B2 and so on
any subset of N will tell us which Bn to include in a union
that's how N gets inside M
since |P(N)| = 2^aleph0 (which is uncountable and strictly bigger than aleph0) and is the same size as c
-> |M| > _ c
your original question:
a) gives us disjoined sets Bn
b) uses those to code every subset of N as a union
ah so essentialy here we are mapping the subsets to the unions?
and there is a bijection here, hence they have the same cardinality?
or wait oh ok
injective
ah so this implies the cardinality of the collection of subsets is greater than the cardinality of the collection of unions
but then the cardinlaity of the collection of unions is ..., im trying to connect this part
the opposite direction, every subset of N corresponds to a unique union of the Bn so the set of unions has AT LEAST as many elements as P(N)
it shoows that M must contain AT LEAST c many sets
it doesn't show equal
M can be larger
but it guarantees that |M| > _ c
so bigger or equal than c
I thought we show that $f: \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}) \to A$ where $A$ is the set of unions of $B_n$ is injective?
function is injective
LXDL
yes
so then M has cardinality greater than P(N)
injective it's one to one
yes
could be
but it's AT LEAST same size
which is the proof you need
oh yeah i see okay, because we know that A is a subset of M?
hence it has cardianlity less thna or equal to M as well
so basically the order is:
use part a, that is there eixsts sequnece of disjoint sets (non-empty) that is in M.
Then becuase of this, we are somehow able to form an injective funtion f: P(N) -> A where A is colllection of all unions
And since A susbeteq M we are done
alr tysm i apprecitae it
bingo
@noble dock Has your question been resolved?
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Assume you are communicating with another mathematician, but all you can use to communicate are small metal plates that you can add 1 to 20 dots on top of, which he will count. The procedure is that you give him an amount of plates, and he gives you one back. This is the only communication you have.
For example, you could give him a plate with 1, a plate with 1, a plate with 2, a plate with 3, a plate with 5, and he gives back a plate with 8. He has smart problem-solving skills and recognizes mathematical theories, and can infer things. For instance, if you give 5 and 4, then 9, and then you give 3 and 8, he will understand that you are adding and give back 11.
Assume you wanted to mess with him and give him a sequence of numbers that he understood what it meant and it was a famous (ish) pattern or equation, but it hadn't been discovered what the next set in the numbers is.
no this isnt a random question, yes i do need a answer.
so, a sequence where (currently) some point isn't known?
-# i saw what you said about the professor 0-0
yhea
i deleted it cuase i didnt want to get incorectly flaged by whatever mods there may be on this server
eh. as long as it's a physics professor no one will mind
what is this?
the sequence of prime numbers :)
but dosent it go super high before the next number becomes unknown?
sure, but the person will identify the sequence, and just not know past a certain point
regardless of communicability
yhea but it has to be phisicly doable
where you give first 1-5 numbers and then they give next
and none of the numbers go over 20 or so (60 as a uper limit)
the only way i see that happening is if you gave 5 numbers that corresponded to a similar sequence
dose reyman work?
then the 6th number could be one of two and theres no way to work
3 3 6 4 4 18 5 5 _ is reymand right? and the blank isnt known
idk it might not be posible
what is "reymand", sorry?
next term is -1/117 🙏
Take the Baum-Sweet sequence:
1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...
and the Regular paperfolding sequence:
1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, ...
If i gave you the first 8 terms, it would be impossible to say which sequence - and therefore which number - it is, without any additional info.
this is what i mean by "similar sequence"
ahh
yhea i think i just have to change plans
yeah, ramsey(3,n) is only known up to 9, and there are probably shorter ones that i cant find atm
bro just ask him to recall the cross product in R^7 from memory, he'll combust
(this is for hard sifi wrighting asighnment about communicateing with aliens with just a on and off light.)
ah
you should look into the voyager golden records - they used the spin of hydrogen to create a number system before laying out their message
perhaps you can do something similar
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I dont get what its asking me to do. how is this any different
to this
n may be different from 4
if you did it for n, then just plug in n=4 to your resulting formula
so the order of the questions were first the R4 and then the next question is Rn
so is it just a redundant question?
surely I cannot just slap the answer from R4 to the Rn question
right?
correct. the problem with n instead of 4 is a generalization
do 4 for practice. then re-do with nearly identical steps to get the general n case
@amber elk Has your question been resolved?
what
what part of that was confusing
what do you mean by "re-do with nearly identical steps"
do I just not have a defined variable for n and develop the equation?
sure if you want to skip doing 4
I mean, ive done 4 already but are you telling me I have to do it again?
right because you pointed out this already
which i also stated here
so in short, I have to define n
what does "define n" mean?
give it a value
because I can put whatever since its just the number of end points, right?
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integration by parts twice, not sure if i messed up a previous step but rn i’m stuck on balancing the original equation with the last line (if thats even the right step next)
i'm a bit confused, i chose u=8^(8x), dv=sin(9x)
integral of dv came out to v=-cos(9x)/9
u was not integrated where you outlined
uv - ∫v du
is what i followed
yeah, i didn't integrate it
just said x because i didnt feel like finding the theta symbol
Following this u is sintheta function and v is e^theta function
Exchange u and v
I m not sure abt this but i dont think it works in every case ,there r some cases maybe
how do we know v?
i thought the integration of parts formula is: ∫u dv = ∫e^8theta * sin(9theta)
unless you meant dv
like this?
@novel sphinx Has your question been resolved?
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confused with the drawing
this was my attempt
why does 1/2 PQ start at origin?
thats the default location for a vector
you can see all they did was just sketch the vector
the position of your vector shouldnt affect the results
but isn't my black vector more correct?
looks like you want someone to back you up on a question that has no other meaning to it
yes, your black vector makes me happy
its not more or less correct than the other one though
np
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i need the amplitude, period, and equation of this graph
What have you tried
literally everything
i just used the general equations for sin and cos and plugged in values lmfao idk
half of those were given to me by like 10 different people and nobody can figure it out
Start by writing the general structure of a sine function out
Don’t just guess, there’s a systematic approach to this
i used the y=Asin(B(x-C)+D and plugged in the values i thought were right but apparently were wrong which are in the list of answers i tried
im at a complete loss for ideas like idek what else to try
i have 1 attempt left 💀
What does A represent? Start with that
sometimes the approach is to just take a guestimate ngl
a lot of the time thats what they want
Not this one
Not in this problem though
You’re not going to find an exact equation by pure guesswork
shi you never know
You should only do that if you can do it “properly”
are you guys like not allowed to just help solve it i feel like ur just telling me to do what i already tried lmaoo
Thanks for the grammar correction ! Much apprécié
like i know how to calculate amplitude its just not right for whatever reason
If you mean give you the answer, no we're not allowed. If you follow our instructions you'll solve it correctly
you asked me what a means i feel like thats not gonna get me to an answer lmaoo
It does
You need to know what does those alphabet represent to move on
i know what they represent i just cant find them 😭
It's up to you if you want to work with us. There's a reason I'm asking you this.
Then what did you get for Amplitude?
^
Right, could you briefly explain your approach?
this is the format of the question all of the answers ive tried are in those other screenshots
There's some 3s and some 2s. Which is it and why?
i thought it was 3 then it was wrong so i asked people for help and they said 2 and that didnt work either
Why did you think it was 3?
cause you do the max - min and divide by 2 or at least i thought
So it’s zero
i have no idea
Notice the function passes through (-3, 0)
yeah
What’s the value of sin0?
0??
Ye, so what’s the value of C?
Imagine you move 3 unit from the origin
so 3?
Cause C is the horizontal shift of the function from the origin.
Given that we know y = 3sin(B(x-C)), we want 0 = 3sin(B(0-C))
Does that make sense?
i understand how you plugged in the 0s yeah
Alright, so what argument (ie. what do you need to put into sin) of sin results in 0?
We want the output (y) to be 0 when the input (x) is 0, as we can see from the graph
i dont understand
0 = 3sin(B(0-C)), that part you understand right?
yes you took the (0, 0) and plugged it in bc the function passes through it
thats all i understand about it
We want to choose a value of C, so this equation holds
What value of C must you choose?
0?
Yes, but why?
sin0 = 0 and 0 - 0 = 0 so i put the 0 there
yes
Now the period of a regular sine function (for it to complete 1 loop) is 2 pi. What is the period of this sine function?
yeah it is, but we can find out the period by looking at the graph, allowing us to calculate B
Look at this graph, can you point at the start and end of one period?
(0, 0) to (3,0) ?
yup, so what's the period (as a single number)?
would it just be 3?
yeah, it's just the horizontal length of one "cycle"
So now that the period = 3, and as you said 2pi/period = B, what is B?
2pi/3
3sin(2pi/3x) ?
Yes
so this?
i have one left so this like has to be right
just to make sure i typed it correctly
I'll check it one sec
thank you
lgtm
omg it was right thank you so much
See? Asking for A gets you the answer
15 tries over 5 days is hilarious
Happens, just need to approach it step-by-step
you can close the channel with .close
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1.4.2:
By the Archimedean Property, for every eps > 0, there exists n in N s.t 1/n < eps.
So s + eps is an upper bound for A, and s - eps is not an upper bound for A.
Then s - eps < sup A < s + eps, and since this holds for every eps > 0, s = sup A by squeeze theorem or some shit?
You're kinda doing it backwards. Start by choosing any $\varepsilon>0$
SWR
ngl bro i'm getting filtered hard rn
so i choose eps > 0, then by Archimedean, for large enough n, 1/n < eps, then?
Because to prove sup, you need to start with an arbitrary epsilon
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i started to understand how to do it with whole numbers but when it came to question d i was stumped
Welcome back
howdy
im not too good with the decimal points
i believe it doesnt exist but at the same time i want a second opinion since its my final chance to answer
oh i got it nevermind
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lim
x--> 0 ( sin 3x / x)
where do i start wityh this
what have you tried
$\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1$ is a pretty famous result
south
Proof by fame
direct subtition and then trig identities im guessing
or this lol
sin(u)~u for small u
yeah, and think about which u you should choose for your problem
which u u should choose, lol
I mean I guess this works
wait
Seems like the simplest solution
you cant even use derivitives
you can use l'hopitals
this is sin3x/x tho
but i would suggest you do it normally
Sub u=3x
would make den x^2
this is the intuitive idea
like formally, you should say this
what is u..
but that's the same thing as sin(u) is approximately u, when u is small
placeholder variable
the denominator would be x^2
itd be 1
why would it be 1
because d/dx x = 1
when you use l'hopitals you differentiate the numerator and denominator separately
not as a whole
you differentiate sin(3x) separately and x separately
using lhopital here would be frowned upon
why
taylor expansions or invoking sinx/x as x->0 is the best
bro this is a calc 1 problem 😭
who is doing taylor expansions
squeeze theorem works as well iirc
there are a bunch of ways to tackle this
but the point is you should probably learn how to manually do it rather than relying on l'hopitals
its never good to rely on l'hopitals
differentiating sinx requires us to know lim x->0 sinx/x = 1
why
isnt it just
chain rule
if you try from first principles, so $\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin(x + h) - \sin(x)}{h}$
south
you'll need the angle addition formula and you'll see
I could but the original poster hasn't said anything
so it would be rude to close it for them
quick hint, but please don't ask to close another person's channel just because you do not wish to continue
?
he hasn't said a word in
well since he posted it
Maybe bro just getting lunch rn fr
weird time to get lunch but maybe
I mean timezones
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Hello, this is a more of a general question and I don't know if this is the right place to ask.
I am about to start my 10th year or school so I'm still studying pretty basic math, however the pace that everything's going seems pretty slow and I would like to go further on my own. The problem is that I have no idea what path to follow, I don't know what topics to study and in what order. Could you please help me find a clear path?
Make use of AI to make a learning checklist
Like first, you have to establish what you want to learn. Best is to pick up a textbook since it already has a structure
Otherwise you could use resources from the internet
if you could somehow acquire books from higher-grade students then you can just use that. follow the path within those textbooks!
or perhaps you could dig into a specific concept thats generally interesting and useful (calculus)
The problem is that I have a very limited budget for school itself, so buying extra books would make it too expensive
do you have access to what 11th year students learn?
like just the names of the concepts
I've tried learning a topic that I liked, but then I noticed that I'm missing so much to be able to understand it
I don't have access to even 10th year concepts yet, the book hasn't arrived
It arrives at anytime this week
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I'm talking about the curriculum of 11th year students
not the books themselves.
Hello, I’m confused on a math problem. It is algebra 2 level. My teacher did this, I have no idea how. The problem we’re solving is (1, 60°) – (1, 300°). I have a test tomorrow. Also when solving polar form, am I trying to find the length of the line?
No I have no idea
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oh oops
is there not a website or something that tells you what lies ahead in your school syllabus?
I don't know, that's kind of what I'm looking for, even just a list of topics in order that I can follow without missing topics would be already a very good start
It quite depends on what you want to learn, Are you studying for a test or you just want to study math for fun?
have you tried searching for something like "{your country} 11th grade syllabus"
For fun
I wouldnt really recommand focusing on- everything in your future-curriculum. how about you grind out the very fun concepts like calculus! ofcourse, start from the basics and ladder up to the good stuff!
if for fun, i have a good written resource for you to start on
If so you could just pick any topic you like and learn it, as long as you have enough background for studying it
It doesn't really work that well, here we have categorized schools so it's really confusing to get a right result from a research like that
if you feel like you are good at school maths, you might wanna have a look at maths olympiad books
from here, depending on what you choose to study, you have extra video sources like The Organic Chemistry Tutor, 3Blue1Brown, blackpenredpen, Khan Academy, etc.
Yeah but like, then I have no idea what the background that I need is
Doing Olympiad math is a great way to kill free time and have absolutely no problem done
A few months ago I thought that concepts about limits were cool, I looked into them, saw that I was missing a lot of stuff before it and stopped
if that's the case, peek into the link i shared. it's more or less listed in prerequisite order
Ok
but after calculus in that link, you're really p much free to explore anything else in that page
yeah imagine differential equations before calculus 🤩
Imagine differential equations before basic algebra
NT would be even better tbh, coz it has no prerequisites
right, what kind of math do 10th year students learn in your country? name us some of the concepts
I don't know, I haven't started 10th year yet xD
9th year was very basic algebra, like basic equations, sets up to rational numbers and stuff like that
yeah def ladder up in that list furina provided
dont... dont get near calculus. not now atleast
Only thing that I can assume for next year is quadratic equations and irrational numbers
in that case, start from Algebra in that link
then you can do Geometry and Precalc more or less together
You're making it sound like a mini-boss
then slowly ease into Calculus
at your level calculus is just a straight boss
Ah okay
calculus requires a GOOOOD comprehension of algebra
it is the Big Boss of the hs curriculum
How long is it going to take before calculus?
depends on how fast you study
Which I still don't know what is about but I guess it's complicated
calculus is the study of the idea of continuous change, super generally speaking
A little bit of algebra and how functions work and you can start learning calculus
I took calculus after combinatorics, logs, linear algebra
Fair enough
not like combinatorics and logs are required
it just- takes a great comprehension of algebra
like logarithms?
yes
yes
Oh that's a topic I tapped into on my own
🤩
I honestly don't know if there's much more to it or not though, I just know how the logarithm works basically
I'd say the two most required factors with calculus are algebra and trig
If you are studying math for fun, just go for anything you like lol
It's jut that we don't recommend
Like when I put log5(25) on calculator and it says "2", I know what it did to find that
thats fine. but yes you do need more! algebra path should cover all that you need for calculus
How much is there to trigonometry? I just know sin cos and tan
in fact I'd go as far as recommending you not to study the stuff in school syllabus since you would inevitably end up learning it anyways soon enough
That's great
unit circle, pythagorean identities, and all of the other good formulas in trig
there is only sin cos and tan! the rest of trig is just- using them in more advanced ways and giving you new formulas and new concepts! you got the building ground :))
I mean not really, our teacher is horrible at teaching so I end up having to study on my own anyways
That doesn't sound too bad
it isnt
geometry is great
nothing in math is "hard" to understand
unless- post-calculus 2 or smth idk
anyways nothing to worry about
I recommend studying inequality the only thing you need is algebra
And it could get extremely hard too 
Oh of course there's a calculus 2
Lol
Also you could do some calculus problems faster with inequality
if we consider vector calculus as calculus then theres a calculus 4!!
dies
its okay
nobody learns that
...
unless- asylum people
(mathematicans and math majors)
isnt vector calculus part of uni syllabus for all of STEM ppl?
yeah you will only reach the start of calculus 2 with hs. you'll need a math heavy collage to learn 3 and more advnaced stuff
Ykw
STEM people are just asylum people for all subjects 🤩 not only math
or... sciences ig
Why not try some topology
pretty sure youd need real analysis for that to be done properly, or at least set theory
-# i was kidding lol
"yeah how about you climb mount everest"- directed to a toddler
Hydrogen bomb VS Coughing baby
you got this acar,
focus on algebra.
all the best!
Oh wait, combinatorics is quite fun and doesn't require much math background
I mean counting things
In like two days, still got a bunch of latin stuff to study before vacations end
yes, you have all the time you need
you should close the channel before namington person appears out of nowhere
unless you got more math concerns.
Who is namington
use .close to close a channel at any time 🤩
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Have u tried anything?
well
I have a method I think, but I can’t justify it
Im confused because when you apply the inequality to the denominator, you should flip the inequality sign, but otherwise you get the wrong answer
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<@&286206848099549185>
,rotate
dr du moment
@sacred tinsel Has your question been resolved?
can I get some help 💔
Do not mind my ignorance please but Can't we just refer that Arithmetic Mean >= Geometric Mean for deducing portion of this problem?
cannot assume anything above 2 term AM/GM w/in Australian syllabus
Oh well.
since from the previous part a + b /2 is the minimum value
I assumed it in line 4, however should I not flip the inequality because it is used on the denominator ?
We flip the inequality when we're multiplying or dividing both sides with something that is certainly negative
yes but we also do so with fractions
Like taking reciprocals you mean?
Like so
in Line 4 i use the AM GM inequality on the denominator yet do not flip the sign as above, however I arrive at the correct answer. How can this be
True that
Actually they just have to be positive
but yeah
Do u see what I mean
You see that this is true when we're taking reciprocal of things
What is true
It simply means it is equal to the line above, NOT to the LHS
|| Oh, my bad, but then again, I do not think we can substitute (a²b + ab²)/2 = (ab)^3/2 in from Line 3 to 4 ||
|| Equality in AM-GM exists only at a specific condition, otherwise it's an inequality, and here, we are not given any data to conclude that whether this equality exists or not I guess ||
Oh wait
@sacred tinsel I think I got this, are you clear with whats f(x) and what's the minimum value of f(x) ?
The problem is basically asking us for range of f(x) or to say range of f(c)
That’s why I changed to an inequality sign…
It is asking to prove f(c) >= (a+b/2sqrtab)^2
Yes
We have
The first part I am fine with
(Min f(x))²
Yeah I know lol
Im wondering why I can use the am gm on the denominator without flipping the inequality
GL on ur 4u hsc 🥀
Isn't it all solve now then
ty🙏🙏 cooked
f³(x) >= ( min. f(x) )²
Im unsure why I can use the amgm on the denominator in line 4 and say it is less than LHS, not more than
because of this
Furthermore, we cannot assume this if f(x) is between 0 and 1
This is wrong
How did we come to 0.5 and stuff?
I’m just saying that if the function is below 1 at some point
Your postulated fact dissolves
I didn't think of that, but instead like,
f(x) belongs to [ min. f, inf )
f²(x) belongs to [ square of min. f, inf )
Min. f is positive and is greater or equals to 1
f³(x) belongs to [ cube of min. f, inf )
F(x) is AM/ GM of three positive numbers, it is always equals to greater than 1
@dusky stratus
I see
Well then, I’m still unsure why we can apply the am gm in line 4 and maintain the inequality direction
We can, for here only I guess, because LHS is f((a + b)/2)
And for x = (a + b)/2 , f((a + b)/2) = min. f
Not sure tho
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We all know that 0.999... = 1 but how is this logic in the picture wrong?
$1.999\ldots\infty\ldots98$ is not a real number
Ann
there won't be ...98
But why? It clearly follows the pattern
just 1.99999999999....
you can't think of infinite decimals the same way you do finite decimals
it goes on to forever so there won't be last digit
P-adic numbers
67?
in decimal representations of real numbers there is no such thing as any decimal places "after infinity".
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if $z_{r} : r = {1,2,3,\ldots,50}$ are the roots of the equation $\sum_{r=0}^{50} z^r = 0$, then find the value of $\sum_{r=0}^{50} \frac{1}{z_{r} - 1}$
Sypse
I dont really know how to do this one
@timid plover Has your question been resolved?
Do you have the final answer ? Is it 0 ?
You need to see it as a geométric series
It diverges as a geometric series
That is not the point since we stop at 50 ?
I meant that you cannot expand 1/zr-1 as a geometric series
zr for r=0 is not defined
did you mean to start the summation at r=1?
its ||-25||
My bad
but yeah zr are just the 51st root of unity excluding 1
I think that z_r are the complex roots while z0 would be the real one which is 1?
put z0 = 1
first term goes to inf
I think they meant to start at 1
yea mb
ok so
you know there are 50 roots
complex roots
there will be 25 conjugate pairs
try solving for one pair of conjugates
and see
hm I dont really get it can you explain a little more?
wdym by solve on pair of conjugates?
there are 50 complex roots right?
yea I do get that part
so the summation would look smth like
e^pi/25.5 + e^2pi/25.5 + ............ + e^49pi/25.5 + e^50pi/25.5
right?
yes
now e^51pi/25.5 can be written as e^(-pi/25.5) which is a conjugate to e^pi/25.5
right?
yes
so e^pi/25.5 + e^50pi/25.5 will be a conjugate pair
same you can do with e^2pi/25.5 and e^48pi/25.5 and so on
in total we'll have 25 pairs
ok
ah yeah 2/51
can we not use transformation of roots?
yes we can
prolly will require some binomial tho
if you know some basic binomial we can
yea
👍
theek
so dekh
hume basically sum of roots nikalna hai
of a polynomial which has the roots 1/zr - 1
so we can let
1/(zr - 1) = kr
zr ko isolate kardo
zr = 1 + 1/kr
ha
and substitute the 1 + 1/kr in the polynomial
pen and paper nikalna padega
wait a min
ok
try to find coefficient of x^49
@timid plover
sorry coefficient of x^50 would be 50
last line is incomplete
yeah ig so
yea its correct thanks
ohk
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@sturdy escarp Has your question been resolved?
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I need help studying for Data Classification and Visualisation, Probability and also Volume
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How do you show that R\Q is uncountable? Can I just say that uncountable - countable = uncountable? Or do I have to justify that somehow
$\mathbb{R}=\mathbb{Q}\cup\mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Q}$
Desync
would be the countable union of two countable sets and hence countable
Did you forget parentheses?
around the right two
I'm used to setminus binding tighter than union
but Q U (R\Q), yes
Oh that makes sense. It's a contradiction argument. But what I don't understand is the "countable union" part
What does that mean exactly
union of countably-many sets
countability is preserved under countable union
you can show this by induction on the Cantor pairing function
or more simply just enumerate two countable sets, remove duplicates, and induct on the number of sets
Ok thanks
How I originally tried to do this was so complicated haha
I tried assuming R\Q countable and then taking different enumerations to make a new sequence but I couldn't find a new element
that approach will be tricky because rationals can either terminate or have periodic decimal expansions
and your diagonalisation step will have to deal with a bunch of edge cases
it might be cleaner to diagonalise on continued fraction expansions
since they're effectively just lists of naturals
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x^2 - 2 is irreducible over Q by the rational root theorem
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Hi, I'm trying to solve this quadratic equation and I'm pretty lost I have seen it done a couple times but I need help
so far i know that x^2=A and 11x=B and -26 = c , to plug into this formula, x=-B+-sqrt(b-4AC)
No no no no
A, B C are numbers
A: coefficient of x²
B: coefficient of x
C: coefficient of x⁰ (in other words, the remaining term, the one without any x)
how do i include that into the formula?
You just... replace the values 😅
ok il try
$\textcolor{red}{a} x^2 + \textcolor{green}{b} x + \textcolor{orange}{c} \rightarrow \textcolor{red}{1} x^2 + \textcolor{green}{11} x + \textcolor{orange}{-26}$
Nel
That's the quadratic you have
$x = \frac{- \textcolor{green}{b} \pm \sqrt{\textcolor{green}{b}^2 - 4\textcolor{red}{a}\textcolor{orange}{c}}}{2\textcolor{red}{a}}$
Nel
This is the formula
but where did the -26 and the 11x go?
I don't understand what your doubt is, honestly
From here it should be (really) clear what a, b, c are.
mb i thougt he was giving me the answer for a second
That "color code" should help you, too
A is 1
Why did you write a²?
And also, inside the square root it's b²
Not just b
And also c is NEGATIVE 26
well i thought there should be something becuase the ^2 cant be by itself
Wasn't this enough clear? 😭 
Wdym?
answering your first question, "Why did you write a²?"
Yeah but this makes zero sense
what makes it 11^2?
why does it say to factor this equation when no factor pairs add up to 11
I'm using both upper and lower case with the same meaning because I don't know which ones you're used to
dude im tryna figure it out, i really appreciate the help but i dont need the " this makes 0 sense" this is my first time doing this equation
ok so instead of a ^2 i will use 1^2
Of course, because a is 1
and i will put in -26
But this shouldn't be a surprise 
Instead of c, yep
Becauses x's multiplicative identity is 1
bruh
Like this?
x = -(11) +- sqrt(11^2 - 4(1)(-26)/2(1^2)
A is 1, why have you written 1²?
a = 1 , b = 11, c = -26
the variables are the coefficients
u dont include exponents
only the constant
(the number that doesnt change)
And also this #help-13 message @strong prairie
