#help-10
1 messages · Page 257 of 1
is there a name for this process
I would call it finding a counter example by consturcting a model.
ah okay thank you
okay wait sooo the first statement was true
and the second statement was also true
so they are logically equivalent
I will let you alter one of them in a way to make them different.
wdym?
that we did not find a counte rexample where they disagreed.
how? is x not supposed to be {a, b}
So from our computation we might even start suspecting that they are same.
what do you mean by different P or Q?
change P is true only when x=a
to P is true only when x=b?
We could define P always true or P also true when b
yes
youz will need to try different variants
I need to change it until I find a counterexample?
yes
if I don't find a counterexample
OR you would need to proof that they are same.
I can say that they are logically equivalent
well, you need to proof no counter example exists.
Probably eaisest to argue in some way why they are same.
I assume you larnt some transofmrations where they stay identical?
De Morgans rule etc

why
(you probably already noticed but this is one of my favorite symbols to put)
I know P -> Q is ~P v Q
Why "why"
one step at a time
^ let's see why they are different first
Here we do not need to transform
it suffices to find some situatiosn where they disagree
x from {a,b}
P(x) = {true if x=b}
Q(x) = {true if x=b}
should I try with this
I'm short on time tho
😬
how so
I have to go to school tomorrow
let's see
thanks for the help
no that won't do
better than my professor
still both true

It should be a good thing but you make it sound like a bad thing by putting "at least" 
nah don't worry
:B
professor doesn't go over these hard examples in class
∃x(P(x) → Q(x))
P(a) -> Q(a)
true
P(b) -> Q(b)
true
so there exists is true
∀xP(x) → ∃xQ(x)
for all x we have P(x)
but P(a) is true and P(b) is false
and then....
ah
perhaps you should put the "at least" back 
are you sure there is a counterexample
do you just know that bc you are good at this
Yes, as you can see i definitely never make mistakes.
lol
how many combinations do we need to try
16
P only true when b
Q only true when a
is the same thing as before right?
P only true when b
Q true for a, b
P = false does not work, becausew both sides true.
Wait okay
so we can see
the statement on the left implies the statement on the right.
we can only hope for the right statement true and the left statement false.
so the combination for that would be
wait
how do we make that false
isn't there no way we can make that false
P = true also des not work.
I am actually confused myself now.
I think there is no reason why they should be the same but I also can't see the counterexample yet.
wait
they are the same.

Proof
Assume the left statement is true.
This either means that one x have P(x) is false
then the right is trivially also true
otherwise the left statement implies that there exists a Q(x).
Hence the right is also true.
in the other direction.
Assume the right statement is true.
then if for all x P(x) is true
we can find an x such that Q(x) is true
This x will also do on the left
Otherwise there exists an x where P(x) false
I see....
hence the left side is true for that x because of viscious truth.
So they are the same.
This really comes as a surprise to me.
This goes to show how implications in the middle of stastements with discious truth can throth a wernch into our intiotion.
I wonder if this equivlance has a name.
I believe i have actusally proven them to be equivalent.
If you can show A => B
and B => A
then that means they are equivalent
Alright
thanks so much for your help
I think we finished anyway 
have a good day
I need to digest my defeat also...
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how i can prove that a < f(x) < b if x is constrained by c < x < d? like the concept in general
This isnt always true
i meant more like
for a specific function f(x) = ... , if it asks me to prove that f(x) < b for x < a specific number, how should i go about proving it algebraically?
find the maximum
so lets say
if 2 < x < 4 for f(x) = x^2, and it asks me to show that f(x) < 17
how should i go about finding the maximum without using limits? (this is a proofs course)
like i can't just sub in 4 into f(x) to show this because x is defined as having to be less than 4?
If you can't use differentiation you can try to prove that f is increasing
can you elaborate on that
Prove that f is increasing at the interval 2<x<4
Then plug in f(4)
Which equals 16
Then f(x) < 16 because f is increasing
ohh so you would still plug it in
Yes
thank you
No problem
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sorry for reopening this but can you explain why you need to prove that f is increasing? (and how you would do so without differentiation?)
would u still need to plug in values for this? (aside from the final part where u plug in f(4)
An increasing function f have this property:
If a<b then f(a)<f(b)
So if x<4 f(x)<f(4)=16
To prove f is increasing, compare f(x) and f(x+a), where a is positive
so you would still plug in a number for a then to prove that its increasing?
You need to prove it for all a
So don't substitute a number to it
Let's do f(x) = x as an example
Let a be positive
f(x)=x and f(x+a) = x+a
Obviously x<x+a
thus f(x)<f(x+a)
So f(x) = x is increasing
ohh
so as f(x) is increasing, it doesn't reach f(4) before x = 4.
Yep
thus u have proved that f(x) < 4 for x < 4?
Exactly
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When do you not need to use absolute value for ln|x|?
My professor told me today that this is for particular solutions for differential equations (where you just need 1 solution)
Usually the absolute value is put there so that the domain is not so restricted
hmmm, in the integral 1/x dx she said it wasn't necessary since it's positive.
see, no absolute value there. is that train of thinking wrong?
Well yeah because |x| is the same as x for positive x
So it doesn't really matter which one you write I suppose
what about here? why is there an absolute value here?
Well is it given that y(x) > 0 for all x? (or y(x) < 0)
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Suppose we know that the number of items produced in a factory during a week is a RV with
mean 500. Find an upper bound on the probability that this week’s production will be at least
1000? If the variance of a week’s production is known to equal to 100, then give a lower bound
on the probability that this week’s production will be between 400 and 600? (Hint: Moment
Inequalities)
should we use markovs inequality for the first part??
the chebyshev ineq requires that the variable be nonnegative
oh yeah i guess you can't produce negative units yeah that will work then
markovs?
what does it mean by upper bound ..at least thousand?
P(X>=1000)<=?
this?
yeah
and yeah Markov and Chebyshev are two names for the same inequality
but Chebyshev sounds cooler lol
technically they arent the same
because markov is a special case of chebyshev im pretty sure
actually thats not even true
they are just different theorems
in fact markovs is used to prove chebyshev
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@vast glade Has your question been resolved?
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how to do d ?
rest is p easy but i am not able to eqaute x
I get a eqaution in form of ax^4 - bx^3 +cx^2-dx
@twilit onyx Has your question been resolved?
you need to find the points of the graph that satsify the question
ie they intersect
at least thats what i think the question asks
no I need to fond the definite value for x
in which f(x)=inverse f(x)
yeah
i imagine so
wherever they intersect take the x value there
but its asking for exact value
are you sure they intersect at 1,1?
hmm btw this is a non gdc question
wdym gdc
@twilit onyx Has your question been resolved?
@twilit onyx Has your question been resolved?
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Hi. I have a question:
"Let A, B, and C be three points that are not in line. Draw a point D which is equidistant from all three points!"
I asked chatgpt and the answer is on the picture. is that correct?
dont use chatgpt for maths
any idea or keyword to find the answer?
surprisingly it is correct as far as I see. but yes in general dont use chatgpt
Aa I see... thank's for confirming!
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In how many different ways can eleven people be seated at a circular table with eight seats, if three are left waiting?
I think it could be
11!/(11-(8-1))! = 11!/4!
or
(11-1)!/(11-8)! = 10!/3!
or
(11-1)!/(11-(8-1))! = 10!/4!
or maybe (11!/3!) x 7!
Which one is correct and why? Or why they are all incorrect?
I think it should be 10!/3!
Because in circular permutation you eliminate 1 for n, and n in this case is 11
<@&286206848099549185>
C 8 from 11?
11x10x9x8x7x6x5x4?
wait
is it circular for rotational symmetry?
then 11!/3!/8?
mm well, I know that you would have to eliminate 1
to account for one fixed place
Wdym
I don't get this
No
I mean yes
I thought you put 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 = 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8
Which matters is the order
so it's not combinations
so
is Variations
Also you need to take into account they are in groups of 8 and there's onw fixed place
yes, but there are 11 people
-_-
so those are just the places available
Yes I know
what is the ratio of a1-a8 to a1-a8 in a circle?
can someone help me find the 3 quartiles for 5,2,1,12,6,9,9,10?
o
wdym by that
ways of alligning people(a1-a8) in a line
and in a circle
spoiler
it is 8
in a line
If you have only 8 people, there's 8!
i mean
It's a variation wothout repetition
in distinct order
Yes
variations are for different orders
Because it matters the order
so you would have 8! different variations having 8 people in a line
so we...
just do it for 8 people
a group of 8
ok
if I do it, I need an explanation to discarding the fact that I could choose from 11 people first
lets make it super ez
actually 10! to take into account the fact that one place is fixed in a circle to make it relative to that place
i want to show that, u can know the ways you put people in a circle, knowing how the would sit in a line
lets use 2 people and 2 sit
Ok
how many ways for line and circle?
this is permutations without groups
i don't get it
for a line there are 2! or just 2
For variations you have groups ot you pick
for permutations you don't have groups
selecting 8 people
and arranging them
are 2 steps
not a whole
i mean, you multiply
In both the order matters, but for variations n and k are different
in permutations n and k are equal
now I'm confused
mm but this is prior knowledge to solve this
why
I want to understand your point of view
I want to learn
ok
my point is
we know all of the variants of putting 8 people in a line
(forget about 11 rn)
then you know in how many ways you put em in a circle
why would you multiply 11!/3!
because
check for simpler examples?
ok
oh wait
in a circle of two spots
why
why not
because luck is not a factor to resolve a problem
why
what why
life doesn't matter
O_O
cause you are asking why
wishing luck is just a sing of kindness
and gives motivation
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hlo
i want to ask simply does this mean P(A/B) or P(B/A) i think theres some misunderstandin
or way to interpret
?
?
ik this is dumb q but still help me
do you know the definition of independence?
independence means when p(A intersection B)= P(A) * P(b)
@tardy epoch i answered , sry for ping.
@tardy epoch
yea so calculate that for your A and B
and the intersection
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i got 4.6
is that right
my textbook doesnt have a solution for this example so idk if im doing it right
,calc sqrt(29)
Result:
5.3851648071345
how do you calculate distance between 2 points ?
$\sqrt{(y_1-y_2)^2+(x_1-x_2)^2}$ right
calculus is fun
yea
Result:
4.5825756949558
okay so i did it right
did you round ?
ye
ok wrong
this is the right answer
you have to add not subtract
oh
there is a + not a - between the paranthesese
i accidentally subtracted
okay thanks
these problems are easy my eBook isnt displaying shit right so maybe im doing it wrong
ohhh
Is sqr of 36 not a natural number?
is square root anything irrational?
All good
shat is the square root of 36
6
so
but its in square root form so doesnt that make it irrational
No
1 to infinity
@undone sentinel Has your question been resolved?
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SimonWin
I forgot to put parenthesis on the picture but they are now
or shouldnt it be the whole thing actually
${e^{qx}}^2$
SimonWin
SimonWin
So like this, and then they cancel out, and I could possible even do it before the 2qx part...
But wolfram says they're equal
So
Wolfram says what is equal?
when i multiply in
Yeah
So, that should be fine, right
Yeah, that looks good now
Cooool! Aweeesome!
You did need the brackets around the exponential, to answer your original question lol
Yes, like I did above
But yeah you got it
Look (23)
Oh ya I see now
Which makes sense because it's (e^{qx})^2 not the q^2 too
So it completely makes sense!
Verry nice!
Thank you! ❤️
Np 👍
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How can I evaluate the limit of the sum to infinity of (3^n - 2^n)/5^n
where n starts at 1
$\frac{3^n - 2^n}{5^n} = (3/5)^n - (2/5)^n$
exophades
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Hey can someone guide me through this
I'm not sure what Im doing wrong
I multiplied te^t to each component and integrated
You would be able to do it in an easier way if you considered
$$(-5i-j+5k)$$
As a constant vector that can be moved out of the integarl
Sherif Player
so v1 * integral (te^t)?
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i got it
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So I'm supposed to solve this system of linear equations. There are more unknowns than equations, so does this have a solution? Am I supposed to use the x = xp+xn thing here?
Any help would be appreciated.
@drifting merlin Has your question been resolved?
There are infinitely many solutions and in order to write them down you will need to express some amount of unknowns in terms of the other variables (in this case, you will have 3 unknowns dependent on other numbers)
E.g. x - y = 1 has infinitely many solutions for the same reason (there are not enough equations), but you can express every solution with the form (x, x - 1) once you see that y = x - 1
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I just want to know whether or not ( 48m^2n) and ( 12mn^2) are like terms or not
!status
What step are you on?
1. I don't know where to begin
2. I have begun but got stuck midway
3. I got an answer but I'm told it's wrong
4. I got an answer and would like my work checked
5. I have a question about someone else's worked solution
6. None of the above
@mortal lava Has your question been resolved?
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I just need help with PT2 No. 1
@ashen perch Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
Help what do I do with number 1?
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how would u factor this
,w roots x^4 -24x^2 +x+132
I suppose you plug in small integers to check
Rational root theorem and trial and error are your best friends
^
Then polynomial division
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someone teach me how to do this please 🤞🙏
which one?
all three
do you understand function notation
the table tells you the corresponding value f(x), g(x) value at each value of x
not really that different from other tables
e.g in that first table
first column of values
how do i know which number to choose
1 and a 3 below it, indicates that
f(1) = 3
yeah
you choose values based on what the question asks for
you are asked to find
$$g(f(2))$$
ℝam()n()v
yes
,rotate
Looks correct
thanks broski
@autumn marsh Has your question been resolved?
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Can someone help me with this question
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yes, and all the notes are correct as well
Alright, thank you!
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I also want to confirm two other questions.
It is defined at 0 (0,0) so D and E are eliminated. B is simply the shape, A would be the shape of an absolute value graph so that's elminated.
I'm confused about C.
We haven't covered vertical tangents, and from what I see on Google, I think C should be eliminated.
answer: ||It has a corner because the derivative coming from the left is not equal to the derivative coming from the right||
cusp is when theres a vertical tangent
its a cusp if the two sides intersecting makes an angle of 0 degrees
the definitions are all a bit silly, but this one is clearly a corner
Oh, I understand it now.
i gotta go soon but if you have another quick one to check i have some time
Let f be the function given by f(x)=|x|. Which of the following statements about f are true?
I. f is continuous at x=0
II. f is differentiable at x=0
III. f has an absolute minimum at x=0
I have I and III since, both LH and RH limits equal f(0) and it has no transformations so abs min is 0 for the mother absolute value function.
Alright, thank you for the help! Have a great rest of your day/night.
you too
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Uhh when you horizantally stretch a function by b is it stretched ed by 1/b or b?
b tightens it
makes it go "faster"
1/b stretches out
goes slower
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can someone help?
@lean sedge Has your question been resolved?
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I was doing this ealier
And someone told me to find the mid point
I dont know how to figure out the other end point for this
I think it is but our teacher didn’t go into depth about this😭😭
Do you got a graph of coordinate?
No I’ll graph it rn tjo
Yeah
Quadrant 3rd
I need to find the other end point
Wait
I get it
You can use the distance between the mid point and coordinate K
It says its a mid point of those two coordinates
Let me graph it
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I know I need to setup an equation and solve for the coefficients that multiply to equal the U vector but cant seem to get it right. Any Help.
@ebon tendon Has your question been resolved?
@ebon tendon Has your question been resolved?
set the equation a*s1 + b*s2 = u. Add all components on the lefts side so you get (vector in terms of a and b) = u
then solve for a and b
given that they are 2 unknowns, you just need 2 equations
find a and b, those values must make as1+bs2 = u for each component. If at least one component doesn't match, then there's no linear combination that satisfies a*s1+b*s2=u
so take 6a+4b=6?
-7a +6b = 25
ok, now solve for a and b
that happens 'cause you are using the same equation
you get 0=0 which is always true. It's like saying a=2, then plug that into "first eq." and get 2=2
That's why you need 2 different eq. , so you can use the other one for plugging in
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can i consider two different rectangles like this or why not?
will it be either but not both at a time?
so two types of equations?
x+2y=180 or 2x+y=180
but how should i go abt this?
@tacit scarab
the area too
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Hi, I am currently stuck on this part of my question. I believe it is the fact that I don't quite understand what I am trying to do in this question.
I am not sure what "Plot V as a function of R-naught" means
we need more context
show both part (a) and the original question
treat V as a function of R_0
and plot it
the function is given
V=1-1/R_0
it's the same as y=1-1/x
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50/3 how to convert this to mixed fraction
.close
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can someone please explain the span of this vector
i spent over 5 hours trying to get help
and some dude would just ignore my questions
@grizzled shore
can you please tell me what hte span is
if ur still here
span of a set of vectors v1,v2...,vn is the set of vectors of the form a1v1+a2v2+...+anvn
yea
but i cant get a and c in terms of x y and z
so wtf do i even do in this case
techincally this is the answer
except that they are linear dependent
so you can simplify them
what is?
the span = {2a+b,a+c,2a+b}
the vectors (2,1,2),(1,0,1) and (0,1,0) are linearly independent
oh you just need to determine the dimension
the dimension equals the number of linearly independent vectors
linearly independent means that if a1v1+a2v2+...+anvn=0 then a1,a2,...,an = 0
i.e. no vectors can be written as linear combinations of other vectors
like right here
i proved that you can get a and b in terms of x and y
meaning the span is R^2
i dont understand i need to be explained in dummy language
if you get what i mean
how?
they are dependent
2a+b=0
2a=-b
2a+(-2a)=0
0=0
to see if you can get it interms of x y and z
the span might not contain them
thats how to find the span
like i did here
so what do we do when it isnt
how are you taught?
using this method
we havent covered
matrix and stuff
this is like the second lesson
we also have to say if its a plane
or a line
the method seems useless though
to tell if its a line or plane we see eif its a multiple
so what do i do
in this situation
do you want to see my notes?
find the maximum linear independent set of vectors
that'll help
you want to prove there are only trivial solution of ax+by=0
it comes down to simultaneous equations
,rotate
I see
,rotate
the notes have examples for kids and the homework is brutal
yea
ok
find a linearly independent set of vectors
the dimension equals the number of remaining vectors
in your question the span is 2 dimensional for 3 dimensional vectors
so it's a plane in R3
what
how can i do that
when the vectors are dependent
so you have 3 vectors x,y,z
wdym
repeat until you have a linearly independent set
could you provide an example
let's say we have vectors [1,1] and [2,2]
ok
obviously 2[1,1] = [2,2]
ok
so span([1,1],[2,2]) = span([2,2])
???
A[2,2] = [x,y]
no
wdym no
to prove we can get a in terms of any x y combination
but with [2,2] we know that it spans the entire R2
R1
this tells us it spans r1 then?
since we got a in terms of x
and a in terms of y
I don't get what you're doing
Im doing what my prof is doing
but if you get a linearly independent set, then the dimension of the span is the number of vectors in the set
a is a coeff
what's the point of it though
you should solve a[2,2]=[0,0]
to prove its linear independence
but why
it tells us the dimension of its span
yes
the span is just this
man why is this so confusing
idk man
ok let's organize everything
span(v1,v2,...,vn) = {a1v1+a2v2+...+anvn}
if the set of vectors are dependent, we can remove any from the set and have the same span
if v1,v2,v3 are dependent
then span(v1,v2,v3)=span(v1,v2)=span(v1,v3)=span(v2,v3)
once you have a independent set, the dimension of span = remaining vectors
i dont understand why
how will it be the same
if depedent means the coeff is not all 0
for the vectors
if a set is dependent, then any one of its vector can be written as linear combination of other vectors
say we have x = [1,1] and y = [2,2]
y=2x
span(x,y)={ax+by}={ax+2bx}={(a+2b)x}=span(x)
or geometrically
the vectors pointing at the same direction and thus describe the same line
ok
even if you remove 1 vector they still represent the same line
or thinking it backwards
if you add 1 vector on an already existing line you don't get more dimension
it's still the same line
ur example doesnt make sens to me
where did u get y =2x
[2,2]=2[1,1]
you and the guy are confusing me in #linear-algebra
?
there is a guy in #linear-algebra talking the opposite of u
we are literally saying the same thing
ok
so
i get this part now
now how can you tell if each other are indepdent or depdent
because i only know how to tell if the whole set is linearly independent
okay
lets say
we remove
1 vector
span(v1,v2)
now we see if this is independent?
ok i did span(v1,v2)
and that is also
dependent
what's v1 and v2
[2,1,2],[1,0,1]
now we remove 1 vector
[2,1,2] is also dependent
so what do we do now
u here?
no
this is independent
but
v1 v2 v3 how are u gonna figure if that is independent
or depdent
since u get 0=0
2a+b=0
a+c =0
2a+b=0
and look for non trivial solutions
b=2c
thus we have solutions av1-2av2-av3=0
uh what?
yeah i get this
a+c=0 so c=-a