#help-10
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ah awesome, thank you!
but wait if I try to get the ground speed using cos law I get 468.32
or do I obtain it a different way
there we go
are you doing
this just now?
I only did cos of 10.52 etc..
oh...
I know it's wrong xd
do you know why it is 180-41-25-10.527596656
because that's the angle between w and v?
correct
ah okay
that makes more sense than whatever I did lol
thank you so much for your help!
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in this problem i dont see where the singularity is
so i just used Cauchy integral theorem
but apparently the correct answer is non zero?
is that correct or is my answer correct
sin(z) never explodes
e² is a constant (even if i assume that it was a misprint and it was supposed to be e^z - even then it doesnt explode in the given contour)
and z² doesnt go to 0 in that contour
Are you sure about that last statement?
let me check
yeh bcz it doesnt include z=0
Yeah, that's right. I have no idea then, sorry
I want to say that you need the function to be defined on the curve itself? But my complex analysis is really rusty
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what is a conditional distribution
In probability theory and statistics, given two jointly distributed random variables
X
{\displaystyle X}
and
Y
{\displaystyle Y}
, the conditional probability distribution of
Y
{\displaystyle Y}
given
...
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where should I start from?
convert the floor into an inequality
i mean so many x are there
start with the outer one
so 10 <= x^(whatever) < 11
tbh it might not be possible to solve this analytically
I would actually start at the inside. can ceil(x)=1? or 2? or 3? or higher?
then you know what ceil(x) is so you can replace it which simplifies stuff
then the next ceil. which values can it be. and so on
i actually confused
can x be 20, for example?
no
@static shoal Has your question been resolved?
can x be 10? try to find some bounds for x
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Is this the idiot triangle of Sin cos tan?
or does sin cos tan needs to be on top? This is right light that right?
What???
Idiotic Triangle is like the thing that you dont have, you put your finger on it
and you can calculate it easy
and what do those letters (U, R, I) stand for?
what does the gegen part mean
gegen means "on top of" that's all I know
shoutouts to Rammstein
I would just memorize the relationships for sin, cos, and tan
in english we can say SOH CAH TOA but i'm not sure how it works in german
,tex .sohcahtoa
Hayley
presumably if you find yourself in need of an "idiot triangle" these are beyond you
this triangle as written here is only good for sin, if that.
i know, you just need to put cos and change the other things with it.
I just wasnt sure if it sin goes on top or lower left
i think making these triangles is unhelpful tbh
because for example the opposite leg goes on the bottom for the sine but on the top for tangent
and you are definitely going to confuse yourself if you try to memorize it the idiot way
Why it is called an idiot triangle?
Its simple to use.
you just put it in there
its even easyer
in germany its common
even etachers, professors use it
Wow I didn't know about stupid triangle
this is better i think
don't try to memorize what sin, cos and tan do in isolation from the right triangle
but do it with the right triangle
so that you have a mental picture
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i've never done this before
its an extra credit question
we've been doimng these
which are fairly erasy
im ust trying to see how it relates
yeah it's just the reverse problem pretty much
but they don't give you a graph here
eh
at least you're trying the numbers on the pic ^^
yeah let's try and interpret what they've written
Okay :]
difference between highest and lowest point is 8cm
mhm
here's a random sinus graph I plotted w/ geogebra
are you able to draw where the 8cm are ?
so you mean this ?
i have an idea
time period = 1/2 second right
so 2pi/w = 1/2
w= 4pi right
so amplititude would be
4
wdym 1/2 second
there's 9 cycles per second
and that has nothing to do with amplitude
I mean your formula is fine
it's for the frequency tho, not the amplitude
9 cycles per second
mh
almost
we still haven't finished with the amplitude
do you agree with that pic?
the amplitude is usually given thats why
no
wait
lemme c
yes
it would be that middle line
well you shouldn't
how, theyre both 2 points away
or is it completely 4
from the lowest to highest point?
highest point vs lowest point
so its the tip to the bottom of the graph
I mean yeah the 0 is not the higest point of our sin
yes
which is 4 points
so amplitude is 8/2
on that graph
which is 4
W
W
W
W
so its 4sin(2pi/9t)
amplitude has been FOUND
yea
wat
wait i screwed up somewhere
^
this is alright
but then we shouldn't get w=2pi/9
it was just to see if you followed
I screwed up the calculation
2pi/w = 1/9 is the correct equation
but I told you complete shit as for the solution
you can find the correct solution on your own I suppose
no
solve this equation correctly and you'll find the correct w
unlike me
w is 18pi if u solve that
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Hopefully the English here is good enough, any help will be appreciated. I know I'm suppose to somehow use Zorn's lemma but got no clue how.
@zinc stump Has your question been resolved?
I've been thinking maybe I could show that for all R, (A, R) is partially ordered set, and then I could use Hausdorff maximal principle in order to claim that there is such max?
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Zamn
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Can anyone tell me why ln() returns undefined for any negative number but ln(-x) returns this graph? ln(-3) should return -1.1 when considering this graph right?
what's the sign of -x when x < 0 ?
well from my understanding -1
negative times negative equals positive
-1 is not a sign
ln(-x) when x = -3 is ln(-(-3)) which is ln(3)
Which of those two steps was giving you trouble?
I need 2 minutes i think I am about to understand it
-(-1) = ?
because ln(-(-x)) = lnx
Alright I think I got it, its kinda tough to explain but I do get the same y values for ln(-x) and ln(x) if I actually use this ln(-(-x)) I didnt know that. thank you all!
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if there are 6 children holding hands in a circle how many ways can they hold hands
6! is the number of arrangments on a line
on a circle it's different because many line orders are the same
for instance
1 2 3 4 5 6, and 2 3 4 5 6 1
on a circle are the same
so the result is 720?
Result:
120
for instance, (1 2 3 4 5 6), (2 3 4 5 6 1), ( 3 4 5 6 1 2), (4 5 6 1 2 3), (5 6 1 2 3 4), (6 1 2 3 4 5) are all the same
So you need to divide by 6
yeah that true the position will be repeated
6! / 6 = 5!
In general (n-1)! for circular arrangment
of n people
But, I'm not sure what the question means, they might hold hands in odd ways 😉
yeah btw interesting
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its reflection right, if so how would i know which one to choose
my only resource supporting rn
take your points on one side of the supposed reflection axis and their reflected counter points and see how they differ.
For example:
F = (1, 1), Q = (1, -1).
G = (4, 5), R = (4, -5)
do you see the pattern?
you are correct it's reflection, but which one?
E= (-3,1) F=(1,1) G=(4,5)
P=(-3,-1) Q=(1,-1) R=(4,-5)
only pattern im seeing is that all the Y’s are negative in the reflection
which would be the second answer
thank you for the help
im thinking a 90 degree rotation about the point (-3,-3)
but being its not named im not sure if thats the answer they’re looking for
@robust acorn Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
if it's rigid the side lengths will be the same
then it would be a no?
check whether the side lengths are all the same
they aren’t
yeah, so it would not be a rigid motion
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for this problem am i using 1400Sin50 and 1400Cos50?
Sin for the vertical and Sin for horizontal??
sin for vertical yes
no for horizontal then? @candid yarrow
not sin for horizontal
No
They were saying that sin is not used for the horizontal component
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Can anyone on here help with physics?
There's a physics server in #old-network :))
You can find many servers related to physics on the public server list
discoverable servers
You can ask questions related to physics if you need help with the mathematics part of the physics question
🗑️ 🔥
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Wondering if I did this correctly
My thought is that I may need to get c alone before I can find dC
but solving for C would give me a positive and negative sqrt for a^2 + b^2
<@&286206848099549185>
You've got derivatives on here but it's really just asking for a start-to-end difference
well wouldn't dC represent the change from start-to-end?
well... ΔC would represent that
it doesn't change at a constant rate so using the first derivative at the start point won't give you the right answer
what would give me the difference?
just doing the problem the simple way lol
just figure out the hyp length with the new values
damn that makes sense fr
that just seems suspiciously easy for this calc 3 assignment 🤨
word
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why is tan(50)-cot(50) = 0
you mean cot
Still not 0
then what is it
tan(90-40) - cot(40)
cot(40)-cot(40) = 0
because they are complementry angles
@golden oriole
@oblique sandal Has your question been resolved?
Yes but that isn't what you originally said
This would mean tan(50) - tan(40) = 0
Which isn't true
yea but tan(50) - tan(40) arnt comlemntry angles
like tan and cot
they are because triangles are 180 degrees
Im confused on what your trying to show with this ?
Because in no way does this support your original claim
what is the question at hand
.
,w tan(50°) - cot(50°)
@oblique sandal does this look like zero to you?
,w tan(50 radians) - cot(50 radians)
Why did it turn cot into tan an tan into cot ?
For no reason
simplyfing the expression give you 0
no, it does not.
if you insist it does, then show us exactly how you are simplifying it to give 0.
He broke math 😔
^
Here you do tan50 - cot40
my bad i mean simplify
do you understand that you gave us a different expression than you put into photomath?
?
There is no way to simplify that to what you sent
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can someone help me solve this
ive been moving numbers around for like 10 minutes but dont know what to do
@ripe sleet Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
@ripe sleet Has your question been resolved?
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What step are you on?
1. I don't know where to begin
2. I have begun but got stuck midway
3. I got an answer but I'm told it's wrong
4. I got an answer and would like my work checked
5. I have a question about someone else's worked solution
6. None of the above
Sorry
.
Step 1 actually
Have u done similar problems before?
Nah
...
Well notice that in the first equation on the left side, u can simplify the square root using (a-b)^2
Wait
Problem h) bruhhh
Well then ur only option is to subtract 1 from both sides, square and isolate either variable
Oh
Have u tried substituting the value of xy (u can find xy from the second equation)
I don't think so
I have tried but nothing happens
Bruhhh
I find the solution
Tks for helping me
Np
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,w plot (x^2 - 5x + 6)/(x^2 + 7x +10) from x = -6 to x = -4
looks like -infinity to me
What did I do wrong
consider whether the denominator is approaching 0 from above or below
can you show your calculation?
I factorized both to get (x-2)(x-3)/(x+2)(x+5)
subbed in -4.99, greater number than -5 because its a right limit
Got Positive number/0 which means its positive infinity
did you sub -4.99 into both the num and denom?
you can't assert that 0 is positive
It shows its going to infinity no? Cause its not defined
undefined is not the same as inf
could go to -infinity, you need to check what's happening as x->-5 from the right
But the positive numerator shows its positive?
look at 1/x when x goes to 0, on one side you get -inf, on the other +inf
1/0 is undefined
consider f(x) = 1/x and f(x) = 1/(-x), what do these do when x->0 from the right?
consider a simpler case 1/x as x approaches 0
oops, @pseudo swift beat me to it 😁
Positive infinity both
1/(-x) = -1/x, so clearly that can't be true
Hmmm ok
I guess I learned how to do it wrong haha
I factorized both to get (x-2)(x-3)/(x+2)(x+5)
subbed in -4.99, greater number than -5 because its a right limit
Got Positive number/0 , what do I do next?
@karmic hedge Has your question been resolved?
well as with 1/x, the sign of the denominator is important
if x approaches 0 from the positive side, you'd get a positive number out (positive/positive)
its negative
so the overall fraction is negative
aaaah
if x approaches 0 from the negative side, you'd get a negative no. out (positive/negative)
yea
I think I get why its negative infinity now
I just forgot about the denominators sign
Yeye I get it now
Thank you!!!
❤️
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Just checking so that im sure, if it was x -> positive infinity instead it would still be the same answer, right?
!status
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2. I have begun but got stuck midway
3. I got an answer but I'm told it's wrong
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6. None of the above
4
Yes
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|x-3|<7
When you have an absolute value inequality you can take the absolute away and work from both sides of the right hand side.
Because if x-3 is greater than -7 its absolute value will be less than 7
|x|+3<7
incorrect
Wait i dont understand
|x-3| ≠ |x|+3 generally
for instance x=-2 |-2 - 3| = |-5| = 5 <7
adamchebil33
-x < 1 < x probably?
Wait i need think
adamchebil33
Wait before this
No, you apply the opposite side to the side that does not have the | |
wait i thought this was the original equation
So, |x|>1 -> -1 > x > 1
adamchebil33
So it means x can also be x<1
Because |x| < 1 is true for any number that isn’t between -1 and 1
You have to include everything less than -1 because it’s absolute value is greater than 1
Wait i think you wrong
No wait ill do a sketch
is wrong
Yeah he is wrong
How?
Its -1<x>1
|-7| = 7 > 1
there are no values that are simultaneously less than -1 and greater the 1
It has to be less than -1 to be greater than 1
|x| > 1 => x<-1 or x>1
If you were to graph
Those are the values of x
Which is greater than 1 and less than -1
you did not properly represent the solution
You’re not solving for a specific x, you’re finding a range of x such that it fits the equation
there are no values of x that satisfy the inequality you wrote
Oh what you want (-inf, -1) U (1, inf)?
How Did you guys do |x-3|<7
|x| > 1 then there is no solution and that Desmos graphing it is just coded wrong?
the compound inequality you wrote represents
x < -1 AND x > 1 for which
there are no values that are simultaneously less than -1 and greater the 1
you want OR
and you can't combine the inequalities like you attempted
yeah that's the correct solution for |x| > 1
keep them separated
How Did you guys think here
He was providing an example and I was showing him how he can find x values that solve |x| > 1
So he can better understand absolute value and inequalities
Ops sorry i called
He doesn’t understand why you switch signs and work from both directions removing the absolute value.
No hold on How Did you think here
I’ll let Adam and Ramanov take over. Good luck!
No point in arguing about how to do something multiple ways, only do it the way they teach you.
Yeah
this a the general form i just applied it there
lenght?
where?
that's invalid
Why
there arent any mathematical operations that justifiy that
u can't seperate addition in absolute value
Why is that?
Like What’s the issue
Since |7+3| =|10|
=10
Or do you think |x-3| is one number?
it might be equal in some cases but generally it's not
when u're solving equations with absoulate values u need to solve for all the possible cases
And is absolute value a number of it’s own?
Oh 😐
Okay so what made you think cus we have <7 that we have <-7 on the other side
Is this always the case
of course it is
you can understand it by intuition if you don't want to blindly apply the formula
That’s the thing though it don’t make sense to me
adamchebil33
What is this
Okay this is my mindset
I think of it like a lenght
That the number in x is less than a therefore x is <-a
Yes and x<-a
Im gonna try another example
|x-2|<5
Because number x-2 can be positive or negative
And that 2 is less than 5
Question is |x-3| is less than 7?
We wanna find x?
Yeah
Wait hold on
We about |x-2|<5 rn
So what i Said earlier
Is i think it works like this
Ah shit i forgot now
When x is less than 3
Than eq is 3-x<7
X>-4
When c is greater tha 3
X-3<7
X<10
X lies between -4 and 10
We about x-2<5
not this
|x-2|<5
Ok
So when x is below 2
Than value inside mod is negetive
But because of mod it becaomes +ve
So to remove the mod we put -ve sign
And when its grrater than 0 than value inside mod is +ve so we just open with +ve sign
What is ve
Solving Absolute Value Inequalities In this lesson, we are going to learn how to solve absolute value inequalities using the standard approach usually taught in an algebra class. That is, learn the rules and apply them
Yes it means we have 2 x
A area of 2 x
So back to question when c is below 2
2-x<5
X>-3
When x is more than 2 than
X-2<5
X<7
Hence x lies between -3 and 7
No your wrong here
What is mod
Hold on i made a sketch
I had learnt this question in 10th grade in my school
What you mean
This way also correct
My way is better
Nvm its hard to explain
I use my way because it saves time
Especially for competitive exams like jee
you want to understand why this is true ?
This means that the distance between x to 0 is less than a
you agree that |x| represents the distance from 0 to x right??
You mean x to 0?
now if that distance is less than a where should x be ?
if -a<x<0 does that satisfy the equation |x|<a
Yeah
correct
No why you put 0
but we need to find all the solutions
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try to gaph it u'll understand better
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how to integrate without u-substitution
I'm aware its easier with u-substitution and aware on how to do it
but if I weren't relying on u-technique, just purely anti-deriv
how do i solve it
You can try integration by parts
u sub with u = denominator, i.e. 1 + t^2
i said without u sub
The derivative of the denominator is a constant multiple of the numerator so the integral is a constant multiplied by the log of the denominator
I dont see why you dont want to use it if it is obviously the most easy way to go 🙂
I mean you can also do trig sub with t = tan theta, but why waste your energy on easy question…
cause i have test on anti-derivs and we arent allowed to use u sub
antidifferentials
without explictly doing u-sub,
you're pretty much still applying the same concept of chain rule
If you cheat by having u-sub to get the final answer, then you can work backward and pretend you get the integral by reversed-differentiation. 😂
the integral identity they supposedly want you to apply comes from u-sub and chain rule
so no idea why u-sub isn't expliclty going to allowed
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hello
is this always true and if so how do we got from lhs to rhs?
$$
\sum_{i=a}^{i=b}x^{i+1}=\sum_{i=a+1}^{i=b+1}x^{i}
$$
NotAlexander
looks right. you just plug in the index and see that the sum on the LHS is x^(a+1) + ... + x^(b + 1)
i know but how do i generalise it?
i'm working on a proof that requires this manupilation
i just want more understanding
is it not already generalized?
i dont think so
let me show you part of the proof
$$
=\sum_{i=0}^{i=t}(-1)^{i+2}x^{t-i+1}(\text{lists of length i})+\sum_{i=0}^{i=t}-(-1)^{i+2}x^{t-i}(\text{lists of length i})\cdot z
$$
NotAlexander
$\text{i want the } t-i+1 \text{to be reduced to t-i in the first sum}$
NotAlexander
I don't know, but I'd write out some of the terms to see if a pattern emerges
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It throws me off when the function is just one number like here...so is h(-2)=3?
You could write it as $0x+3$ though.
Tsumi
Basically, at that range, the function doesn't depends on the x value.
So let me try to absorb
ooo and is that latex in discord? that's so dope.
anyway...umm...
So it's 0, because there is no X coordinate?
er i mean 3
I understand that concept....but format wise...
the output is 3, no matter the input
^
h(x) = whatever for x satisfying the specified condition
and for that second piece, that value is 3
that is all
So I put 3 in the box?
why would you put anything else? :))
You could try that on desmo, or any kind of graphing calculator. Even Microsoft Encarta is useable. And you'll see a straight line perpendicular to the y-axis.
consider a simpler example, stripping away the piecewise component
Because I'm 37, haven't done math since high school (and barely passed then), and am almost in tears just trying to survive this college algebra class because it's my last math class
😉
thank you
consider
y = f(x) = 7
f(99) = ?
7
exactly the same idea applies here
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question, why dont we divided by the sum of all weights when we calculate weighted generlized mean?
which should follow from this formula, but it doesnt
we r missing the the summation at the bottom
because the weights already accounted for in the sum
no I am asking why dont i get smthing equal to weight AM when I put p=1
this is what wikipedia says
you want to normalize the weights so they sum 1?
eh not necessarily
is the summation at the bottom for normalizing the weights?
i am very new to this stuff, so pls be a little patient with me 😅
I think you're talking about weighted arithmetic mean formula
Okay lemme rephrase my question
When I use this formula, when I set p=1
I should get the formula for the weighted AM
but this is different than what I get
if you want the weighted generalized mean formula to reduce to the weighted arithmetic mean formula when p=1, you would need to include that
So doesnt that mean its wrong? and wait include what?
Mhm
this is the arithmetic one
But I want to generalize it
So say if I wanted to calc WGM, WHM, and so on and so forth
I could find those formulas
oh wait-
am dumb
i ignored this 😐
but this confirms my suscipision
that formula i found online is missing the summation at the bottom
is there a difference?
wait lemme think abt this real quick
the weighted power mean can give me the weight GM, or is it the weighted generlized mean
oof i cant put p=0
i have to use limits
can u explain this?
this is the proof to obtain GeoMean from GeneralMean
the last step i dont get
If the bottom weights sum up to 1
why dont the upper ones do so
this assumes that the weights sum to 1
its the sum of w_i, not w_j
i dont get these 3 steps at all
definitely not the last step
send me the link
also why th r we involving weights? isnt obtaining Geometric mean from generlized mean something that should be done without involving these weights?
I am way tooooo confused
ohh
i get why we involve the weights
nvm that question
just explain this
need more time to explain this, i will leave in 2 minutes
it's ok, a lot of ppl will know this here for sure
well i have to close in a few minutes as well..i amma most likely ask this tmrw again
welll lets hope someone comes to help
if someones looking for the questions:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_mean
proof of how one can derive geometric mean using genelized mean formula (the last 3 steps of the limit) - Weighted Power Mean Vs Weighted Generlized Mean
- Do i use WPM or WGM for deriving weighted geometric mean, weighted harmonic mean, etc.
oof i gotta close
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Can I know how to change from the first matrix to the second one, which is 0?
is there anymore to this problem
It’s only asking us to show laplacian in spherical Polar coordinates
And I’m referring to this website
However, I referring to one of the book, it’s saying that it’s easier to solve with vector operators in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates but I don’t know how after reading that so I’m referring to the website
Also I would like to know how to see this part since the website only give this directly
Are you looking for a brute force proof?
This just looks like dot product
Author left out that notation
Google "gotohaggstrom laplacian"
Oh, just know that it’s also called this
Btw, I looked through the pdf uploaded for spherical polar coordinates, it’s very long
yea so that's why i'm asking what kind of proof you're looking for
I’m actually looking for the most simplest method to prove the question
Here
Like any method
Cause our lecturer ask us just go into the internet and search for it
This one has spherical coordinates but using the cylindircal coordinates first
https://www.math.cmu.edu/~rcristof/pdf/Teaching/Spring2017/The Laplacian in polar and spherical coordinates(1).pdf
it's marginally shorter
Omg, proving is hard
indeed
especially if you're given such open instructions
probably gonna take you a couple hours doing it step-by-step
Thanks
I think I’ll look into it
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It is multiple option correct type question
I just want to know how A is not an answer as I transformed the given function to integration as int of (1+x/1+x²)dx with limits 0 to 1 for n=infinity then if k starts from 0 then the sum should be greater than that when n=infinity so why is A incorrect?
Thnx for explaining
Apologies, i had my stuff on the keyboard, and I accidently sent that.
No problem
@lost quartz Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185> help me plz
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use the conditional probability formula
whtas that?
this thing
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im stuck in this problem
can you translate?
Cauchy pfp, doesn't speak french 
i didn't find a way to prove (OA')//(BB')
I eat pizza and pasta, doesn't mean I'm Italian :((
<@&286206848099549185> i didnt know how to prove that BOA'B' parallelogram or even (AO)//(BB')
Hmmm
The reactions keep growing but no help given 😔
@crisp elk Has your question been resolved?
hi
What step are you on?
1. I don't know where to begin
2. I have begun but got stuck midway
3. I got an answer but I'm told it's wrong
4. I got an answer and would like my work checked
5. I have a question about someone else's worked solution
6. None of the above
@crisp elk Has your question been resolved?
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so if the period is pi4
why doesen't one cycle end at pi4 why does it end at pi3
in this video he says this is one cycle
if thats one cycle then the period of the above graph must be 3Pi not 4Pi ????????

...ok wait which graph are you referring to? since you've posted 12 graphs
then ones i choose an answer for
...and why do you think those have a period of 3pi?
based on the screen shot in the video
well the video doesn't say anything about 3pi
wait its because the video is of sine and this graph is cosine
...what do you think the "period" of a function actually is?
what shrinks/stretches the graph
one full cycle of the graph happens within the period according to the video i screenshotted
NOW I SEEEEE
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I need help with infinite limits
How do you solve for a function for x going towards positive infinity versus x going towards negative infinity? I am struggling with the algebraic difference
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How can I know that I have to use a line integral and no a sufurce integral?
do you have a question in mind where it wasnt clear?
For example this, why I know that I have to use surfuce integral an no line?, find the area of the cylinder x^2 + z^2 = 1 who is inside the cylinder x^2 + y^2 = 1
if you're finding a surface area you need a surface integral
surface integral is for 2d things, line integral is for 1d things
it depends what it is on an object they are wanting you to calculate
a surface integral can calculate surface area
after all surface integrals are just "adding up" a bunch of things on a surface, those things can be areas
yeah it depends on the context
ooh
So, in this context the object that I want to calculate the area is 2d object, then is a surface integral?
yeah
whenever something says area of a surface they mean the surface integral of 1 over the surface
nw
yeah
they can't be 3d? why?
it's just the definition
like surface just means 2d space
there isn't really a name for 3d spaces as far as i know
surface doesn't have "stuffed"?
like filled in?
yes
that wouldn't be a surface
it still exists you just wouldn't call it a surface
it would need to be at least 3 dimensional
what do you mean?
surface = 2 dimensions
if a space has volume (like a filled in sphere) it has to be bigger than 2 dimensions
so a filled in sphere is 3d for example



