#serious-discussion
1 messages · Page 542 of 1
But also I want to hear more about my parasocial relationships
Anyway I realized something really cool today
What did you realize Emma?
So there are Computable boolean algebras with Computably enumerable filters so that the quotient is not Computable (in the quotient you say a = b iff (a \iff b) is in the filter, and sometimes you can't decide if a \iff b is in the filter or not, so you don't know if a=b in the quotient or not
So this problem goes away if you move from classical logic to intuitionistic logic
Because then in the quotient a=b iff there is a constructive proof that (a \iff b) is in the filter
(when I write \iff I mean the formal iff in propositional logic)
So actually the quotient does exist, it's just not a boolean algebra
It's a heyting algebra
And as you increase the power of your programs
The heyting algebra will quotient into the actual quotient boolean algebra
So you have for each Turing degree a heyting algebra and you have surjective maps $H_\alpha \to H_\beta$ (where these denote the heyting algebras realized with respect to Turing degrees $\alpha\leq_T \beta$)
Emma
Lol
I mean there’s also this but I was kinda waiting for the server to be ready for it

what have you done
I guess in informal terms what you’re saying is in the “limit” as you increase the power of your programs (as unsure as I am in what this means), the Heyting Algebra (which are pseudo-Boolean algebras? Does this mean that they’re missing an axiom to being a Boolean algebra or something) quotients to the Boolean algebra
I may be misunderstanding this completely
Yes so that's it
When I say increase the power of your programs I mean allow yourself access to a more powerful oracle
So your programs can do more things
Heyting algebras are basically boolean algebras without excluded middle
They are also called pseudo boolean algebras
But yeah its nice to realize that things which aren't Computable don't just disappear in the effective topos (which is the setting I'm considering)
smaller sully is really smexy
yep
that was absolutely disgusting
imagine being that fucking sad of a person
at that point i would go to a hospital tbh
or at least like a psychologist
yeah, it is pretty sad. Imagine that constituting as "fun" for you
like, play modded minecraft like everyone else if you want to have fun, smh
facts
Ok I am glad I missed that based on your convo
i wouldn't've pinged mods ten times otherwise
Discord's block feature is underrated for these raids 👍
I missed like 30% of the images being sent thanks to it
I feel you
Do you know about the reimann-zeta function?
i might actually puke
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlm1aajH6gY
This video is really interesting
The Riemann hypothesis is the most notorious unsolved problem in all of mathematics. Ever since it was first proposed by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, the conjecture has maintained the status of the "Holy Grail" of mathematics. In fact, the person who solves it will win a $1 million prize from the Clay Institute of Mathematics. So, what is the Riema...
It talks about it
(I actually understand what the zeta function is now, thanks to it [albeit, a layman's understanding of it])
You might find the video helpful in taking your mind off of recent events
does anyone know how to turn discord so that it scans messages in servers?
i've already seen it :/
Try not to think about it, doing so will reinforce it
im prolly just gonna go play val or mc
Ah, how about a video of some dude getting to wave 10,000 in COD: zombies?
(World at war)
ooh yes pls
Socials:
https://www.twitch.tv/cruppz
https://twitter.com/xCruppz
https://discord.gg/cFgM5ujcAY
Music Used (In Order):
Gioachino Rossini : The Barber Of Seville - Overture
Lifeformed - Baryogenesis
Patrick Patrikios - Crazy
Brahms: Tragic Overture op. 81
Lifeformed - The Magnetic Tree
Home - 10
Lifeformed - Elvish Piper Academy
ESPRIT - DAYDRE...
This is really well made
Hope you enjoy
(Although, if it's boring, you can totally do something else like play valorant, it's entirely up to you)
fair
hope you feel better soon
@fervent pebble
But to answer your question how addition of reals is defined
Landau defines it like this
Truthfully, I'd probably understand it better if I read all the material up to that point
but you could probably read Landau's book for yourself if you wanted
||it's pretty easy to pirate math textbooks imo||
What feature is that? I have the one that scans messages but pretty sure that is only for dms
And don't think it works for videos
Oh, I'm sorry, it's not a feature per se, I just block users that are a part of a raid so that I don't see any more of the images that they're posting
I had to block a couple of the accounts that were a part of the raid, so I still saw a couple of the images/videos unfortunately.
It would be cool to see if someone could implement a discord addon or something that would let them activate a "panic" system that temporarily blocks all the users posting in a channel, so that there's no chance of seeing something nasty
Well I suppose that is what mods, slow mode, and spam detection is for. Too bad it doesn't help when a you have multiple accounts doing it.
yeah
maybe if there was a way to detect if a big batch of images were being sent over
even if by multiple accounts
That's also what our snipers are for. That particular group won't be a problem for us again 🙂
would two independent events associated with the same experiment be mutually exclusive?
i.e. is the phrase "mutually exclusive" synonymous to "independent"
Yes I guess, but not always
Example, take the probability of getting an odd numbered card and the probability of getting an even numbered card from a set of cards labelled 1 to 10
They're mutually exclusive
(Consider event A and event B as two different sets of odd numbered and even numbered cards respectively)
A intersection B = nothing
But they're from the same experiment
Wlcm
oh! i got something interesting
consider two independent events E and F associated with the same experiment
this means that E and F' (not F) are also independent
but if E and F were mutually exclusive to start with, E and F' aren't
even though they are independent
Hmmm 
Interesting
Consider a die roll
Let event A be set of all odd outcomes
B be set of all multiple of 3 outcomes
A and B are independent since
P(A intersection B) = P(A).P(B), which is true.
B' = {1,2,4,5}
P(B') = 2/3
A intersection B' = {1,5}
P(A intersection B') = P(A).P(B') = 1/2 . 2/3 = 1/3
Seems true
what do you guys think of chong and meng's Principles and Techniques in Combinatorics?
i'm being forced by my parents to take the amc this year, and i really don't to spend a lot of time grinding boring comp math problems
so i thought i should read something like this because it should be good knowledge to have just for math in general right?
i'm thinking i can pretty leisurely read this during the summer for fun and to train me for amc10 to take a break from grinding out dummit and foote at times
is this enough to get me through with a decent score on the amc or do i need more contest focused prep?
(i really hate competition math btw, i'm hoping this might make it just a little bit more fun)
Folks, is there any discord server that deals with stocks and finances at the industry level and not as an academic discipline?
Discord doesn't seem like the best place to look for that
Any server we'd know about here would most likely be shit
Lol
How do I stay motivated throughout my studies?
No he said no Food=no food
bruh
The nos cancel out
$F(x) = \int f(x) dx$
texaspb
$F'(x) = f(x)$
texaspb
i like pauls more personally
"Consider the first n elements of the sequence 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, ..., but modulo n.
For which n do these first n elements of the series depict every possible remainder from 0 to n-1?"
...or something like that. After running a few programs, it seems to work with any n = 2^c for every non-negative integer c, but I dunno why and if that's all
Bye @deep mango
rip slurp
@neat frost ?????
bye @deep mango
that is so mean

graph theory question: theres a walk, path, circuits etc but is there a term for some sequence where the next edge doesn't connect with the current vertex? i.e there's a jump in the travel
Graph theory sucks
its a capital gamma
thanks
$\Gamma(x)$
Plegasus
Γ
I miss you swurp
Slurp leaving discord.
Upsidedown L
Why did that nutso say bye to me of all people??
Nutso funny is it
don't talk to my slurpy like that
giannis_moneyforhonorable
We all know you wanted to make it yourself.
That's not appropriate for this server.
Please read the rules next time: #rules
😵💫 yeah i wanted to but 😵💫

wtf
i just want to have a pbj bread packet
you are really asking for it rn
it should not be that runny
ya like deez nuts
What
oh wait i responded to the wrong one
are you an uncrustables fan
LOL
pb is not leaking out my nuts
uncrustables are fun but i am okay with crust
i also want to have something i can make myself
we used to have uncrustables in the berkeley undergrad math office
WHAT
LOL
wow great accomplishment, making a fucking sandwich
@cold needle horny teen
i just dont want stuff to leak out like it always does
metal worse than me
idk if i can get past the fact that there's a whole boundary layer with no pb or j!
like a pbj ravioli
just add more pb j to resolve it
i should feel like im eating gravel when im eating a pbj sandwich
ik a kid in middle school who brought a bag of spaghetti and meatballs in his pocket to make a statement about mens vs womens pants pockets
like wet gravel
it needs to be Chock full with pb
i like chunky pb
naw not chunky
I like it big
ig more like sand
I almost died once while eating peanut butter sandwich.
i love chunky pb
I pike it chunky
wet sand
it's not sand!
I fucked a monkey
I did not have water near by.
That is not appropriate for this server.
Please read the rules next time: #rules
Just make them
yeah but how do i make pb j raviolis at home thats what im asking
Wtf
it makes my throat feel dry
bread mason jars hot oil
ppap
its like edible kinetic sand
🖊️ 🍍 🍎 🖊️
where does the hot oil come in; i assume u press down on the sandwich to make a ravioli
like if tv static had a texture
it's cold though
that’s what it would be like
so weird
ok edible refrigerated kinetic sand
To help better seal the edges I assume light frying would help seal the ends better
hm hm i see
i agree that tv static is texturally similar to wet sand from a culinary perspective
personally i would just form the crust using edible tape
i'm not seeing how to close the loop here with gelato
idk maybe it just wasn’t good gelato
like i remember one time in the past i ate a pint of what i think was gelato in one sitting
i guess the only gelato ive had was super good gelato in europe
and it wasnt grainy
what about to me
??
slurp??
what's with the blatant favoritism here
this is how you know slurp was being insincere
^^
they said bye to the person they hate most
It could’ve been spiteful
i think slurp is going on some kind of school trip at some point, so that might have just started today
idk
i wanna go on a field trip
i do too
i havent done one since middle school
fuck you dickwad
fucking hawaii
i hope so!
i would be scared if i were you
can u take me ryc
no
fuck
i like spiders
but
im your favorite
now that slurp's gone? I guess so
you know what ricey
oh
but like
i just said that to make anamono jealous
he's not gone
dont think too hard about it
oh
i don't have a favorite
ana only gets jealous over ryc and corn
i shouldve just gone to take my cold shower
shoot now i have to
blah blah blah i wont listen
objectively false
like that charlie brown thing
womp womp womp
charlie? charley?
charlotte
charlie brown and charlotte mahogany
🤐
what's the best comic series of all time
the fuckin uhh
note: there is one objectively correct answer
comic strip with that tiger and thw little boy
i have only read watchmen
calvin and hobbs
and that was pretty good
unless by comic series you mean like
newspaper comic
in which case calvin and hobbes
oh if we mean like
comic book comics then uhh
the fuckin uhh
idk the only comic i read as a kid was sonic
correct
i had all 17 books or smth like that
hobbes tho
but yes calvin and hobbes is the best
ever
objectively
and it's not even close
i have read peanuts several times too ryc
but i also read all of calvin and hobbes several times
it's clearly better
ok im back from my shower
that was a quick shower
corn sucks
i love corn i just wanted to see how that would go
okay just making sure
have u ever had canned corn
corn is delicious
ur actually deranged
frozen corn can be made good
UR SO MAD LOOOOL
canned corn is almost unsalvageable
no but ive had canned sweet corn
but can in very rare circumstances be good
fresh corn on the cob is delicious
elotes are god tier food
hot take
elotes are divine
i like my corn on the cob without butter
ambrosia
ana you need to try elotes
have you had grilled corn even if you haven't had elotes?
i feel like you would faint
if i find them in kansas i will
i have
make them urself
elotes are easy to make
i think theyre greater without
why'd you fucking sully huh?
cotija
I wanted to fucking sully your camera but I couldn’t so I decided to take your comment with me you fool
perhaps i will make them
oh
cheese \neq butter
todays the first day i think i won’t take a midday nap
because i need to fix my sleeping schedule
This rivalry is well and alive
tbh the fact he remembered that proves ur point
ayyyy
i pulled an allnighter last night for the same reason
also bc i couldnt sleep bc reasons lol but also to fix sched
i’m only doing this cos someone in chill said that sleep good equal big muscle
alongside other things
this was really good
bruv why did u
me
I did apologize to him in dms later
That was a bit strong
Though he did get banned like one week later
It made me happier than it made him sad
net positive or whatever
Haven't you already been muted once or twice? Why ping me with this stupid shit
I will use this
Also based on your research it seems like you are aware that you should be tormenting jesse
Oh I got ammo
hey
Sure
Lol
you just made my day
anyway ryc
i think i'm going to fail summer school
i can't seem to take notes
i spend 4 hours staring at a page and re-reading the passage I was to take notes on
Well it's pretty early in the summer
summer school is only 4 weeks
I see
That's fine, i understand the feeling. I'm also having a lot of difficulty getting any work done right now
But I hear that it's tougher since you have a short amount of time to make it happen
well, I only have three assignments I need to do: notes, essay, and a worksheet
it sounds easy
but I can't seem to do it
i literally sat there getting nothing done for four hours
i just want to cry
back in september/october, I spend 8 hours on notes for one chapter of lord of the flies
and I need notes for 13 chapters
Maybe there's another tactic you can try to feel like you can work more efficiently. I remember having similar issues with notetaking in my classes
@cold needle will you forgive me for what i said?
Sure
Thanks
just try to keep an open mind and everything will be fine
ricey can i vent to u too
ok i’m gonna do it anyways
i wanna take a nap
ok that’s all
Enjoy ur nap
need to decide if i’m going to take one
Are u gonna go to bed soon
i don’t know if i’m going to take one
Sotrue
they call me grandpa
Anaboomer
How old are u 40
about 80
WW2 era cool
I FOLD
i’m taking a 20 minute nap
not as nice as my usual 3 hour nap but it’ll have to do
cannot stress this enough to high schoolers
does this really matter though
only case where i see this being useful is saying $f: A \to B$ is correct over saying $f(a): A \to B$
Morbictus
its not the worst thing for highschoolers but like yes this is something at least undergrad students need to know for when they write things up
despite all the cringe notations and weird incorrect stuff that occasionally comes up i think there are definitely bigger things that need to change in that area of their education
in high school i think all you do with functions is operations on them (composite, inverse, derivative, integral, etc)
yeah
It matters a lot. Sometimes you have functions that take other functions as inputs, or produce other functions as outputs. If you dont distinguish between f and f(x) you present ambuguities here.
oh right forgot about that
Sure it probably wont matter in high school but why teach something that people will have to unlearn later
This is particularly relevant even for people outside math. Higher order functions in programming come to mind
thats fair
In many languages, you learn to distinguish a function object from a function evaluation call
If I write a = f(x), then a is the output of the function f evaluated at x, but if I write a = f then a is itself assigned to be a function
We should make sure to unify these instead of teaching people a system in math which is inconsistent with the system they might learn in a high school cs class
of course
yeah I agree lol
another issue is people like
reserving variables for things
like only u for integral substitutions
only m for slope
Go to sleep
shut up
the worst part is when people think that something like pi always means the circle constant
When u see an integral which is already du
when people just pull y=f(x) out of their ass
specifically when they just randomly interchange y and f(x)
my calc teacher is so guilty of this
ah yes f'(x)=dy/dx
she never writes y'(x) or df/dx
Riemann integration: int x^2 dx = x^3/3
Lebesgue integration: int x^2 dmu = x^2 mu
Im in bed!
f u
Im going to sleep
good night ricey
ok
Have fun talking to yourself
gn!
Good night

Just a random thought, if the game is about 10 people picking a number between 1-200 and the person closet to the rolled number between 1-200, is the winner. Is there a way to increase the likeliness of you being the closest or is it al just pure chance
Wonder if picking the middle is most optimal
Because worst case you would only ever be like what 100 off in either direction
I suppose one approach is to minimize $f(x)=\sum_{n=1}^{200}\frac{|x-n|}{200}$
Merosity
woah I was just thinking about a problem similar to that ^
specifically minimizing $|ax+b| + |cx+d| + |ex+f|$
griff
I think it ends up being the median of the set {-b/a, -d/c, -f/e}
oh I should've specified, I want x to be an integer!
it's convex so round that and you should be good
gotcha
nah I'm wrong that won't work
well only because I didn't think it through, I was going off a vague memory of a similar problem I had solved a long while back that's all lmao
sure nb
Are you discussing something different or what QuarkMark posted
different
Okay just seen the 200 but then the other stuff didn't see at all related
but for QuarkMark's problem if we take this approach differentiating immediately gets $$f'(x) = \frac{1}{200} \sum_{n=1}^{200}sign(x-n)$$ which is minimized when you pick x in the middle to even out the signs (as long as x is not an integer) and since it's convex we can just round to the nearest integer in the middle otherwise
Merosity
which is really the same as what you were saying earlier, picking the middle is most optimal, just a bit more justified now
if you don't like that and want to do more work you could also split the sum up into when n<x and when n>x and work out the sums manually and then differentiate them that way too
kinda requires a bit of care either way though cause we really only care about x being an integer but it's not too serious
well it's the derivative of |x| for x != 0
I mean I can see we have a discrete amount of numbers
the motivation for this sum here?
Yes
we want to pick x so that we're closest to the most numbers possible
so the distance from x to n is |x-n|, and we want to make this small on average
which is why f(x) is the average distance of x to every number from 1 to 200
I'm just suggesting this as a strategy, I don't really know if there's more information in the problem that would make a better strategy
Oh I see
for instance the fact that 10 people are picking a number could affect how I'd play since there are more decisions to be made like, where in the queue am I placing my number? Do I want to place earlier, later, or somewhere in the middle?
like if you go first and pick the middle number, then probably two people will place their bets right before and after your number making your guess a 1/200 shot now, ruining your hypothesis
probably going last or second to last is ideal since you don't have to worry about people scraping you out as much
like if you go last, probably best to pick the middle of the largest "hole" between two other players bets
although that's not entirely true since walls work differently
like let's say you and 2 other people are playing, first person picks 100, second person picks 50, your best bet isn't to pick 150, it's to pick 101
since that automatically guarantees you're closer to everything larger, which is basically half the numbers
yeah sees knowing other people's choices matter
I guess a small sub problem that's kind of interesting is
if you play first with 3 people, where's the ideal place to go?
if you go in the middle at 100, the optimal choice for your opponents is to 99 and 101 meaning you're screwed lol
Yeah
so you need to go somewhere less optimal so that it's not optimal for them to screw you over
Idk I think you are just screwed if you go first
If they always sandwich you
But If you take an end I wonder how they would play
Say you go 1
They screw themselves of they want to block you
So they for sure would next want to pick 2
Because player three picks 3
yeah, fun problem to think about
Actually you don't need to take the very end as if someone goes on your left they are worse off than you
eh, it's a problem for fun, you really shouldn't look up answers without giving it a few days to think about it
Whats the difference between various stoc calc books by shreve?
Like there is stoc calc and brownian motion
Theres also stoc calc for finance
I have this one
Well there are two
I'm not familiar with the former one
Do you think its good book for beginners to learn stoc calc
Or would you recommend other book
Im not specifically learning it for finance btw
Thnx
Np
do you have some applications in mind, then (in some other field), or are you looking for a lemma theorem proof math book?
Lemma theorem proof
I do have some time tho so i dont mind extensive difficult books
Oksendal
look at the table of contents to see if it has what you want, but yes
@neat lintel i thought were talking about x^x = 5.7 lol
I mean sure I'll also try that
oh no not that
Ye
i was talking about calculating W
using newtons method
I'll also do and check
import numpy as np
def f(x):
return x*np.exp(x)
def df(x):
return np.exp(x)*(x+1)
def W(x):
F=lambda i:f(i)-x
ini=1
for n in range(50):
ini=ini-F(ini)/df(ini)
return ini
,w derivative of ln(x)
Alright
Ye ur right
Also it has come to my knowledge that the radius of convergence of Lambert W series has a radius of convergence at 1/e
So
,w \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-n)^{n-1}}{n!} (\frac{1}{e})^n
,w \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-n)^{n-1}}{n!} (e)^n
Yeah
I see
im mostly all for teachers getting breaks, but what the f is JUNETEENTH
that sounds like the most fake holiday to ever be faked.
A celebration of the end of slavery and of black American culture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juneteenth
Juneteenth (officially Juneteenth National Independence Day and also known as Jubilee Day, Emancipation Day, Freedom Day, and Black Independence Day) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the emancipation of enslaved African-Americans. It is also often observed for celebrating African-American culture. Originating in Galveston,...
ohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
jubilee day
okay
also you can just google terms
lol understandable, but maybe plopping in and saying juneteenth is a fake holiday is not the way to go about it
Yeah especially given what juneteenth celebrates it can come off as kind of, uh, really not great.
bieng defensive isnt making me look great imma just put the shovel down
My university now recognizes Juneteenth
@deep mango sorry to tag you, but what undergrad courses did you take in analysis?
lmao
About how I took 34 calculus classes or something
One sec
Here is the list of analysis and geometry classes I guess
calculus classes before college:
calc A
ap calc BC
multivariable calc
ODEs
during undergrad:
PDEs
real analysis
problems and theorems in analysis
grad topology and analysis
complex analysis
intermediate ODEs and dynamics
differential geometry
grad functional analysis
grad numerical functional analysis
differential topology
fourier analysis and wavelets
grad dynamical systems
grad differentiable manifolds
topics in noncommutative euler equations
grad harmonic analysis
grad PDEs 1
grad PDEs 2
topics in water waves equation and free surface flows
topics in random perturbations of non self adjoint operators
during grad school:
advanced PDEs
probability
ergodic theory
topics in enhanced dissipation
stochastic processes
elastic mechanics
riemannian geometry
topics in dispersive PDE
topics in almost periodic functions
Maybe theres other stuff in there
Anyway the undergrad stuff is in the middle
But I basically only did analysis/geometry and one algebra class, and one computability theory class
I was at Berkeley
Ah okay
Makes sense
My professor talked about berkeley before
Smart ass mfs
I took an intro to real analysis and thats pretty much is basically
But here the main things are real analysis, complex analysis, fourier analysis, measure theory, functional analysis, and PDEs.
Sorry, I dont want to be intimidating. Most people arent doing more than undergrad real analysis and maybe some electives beyond that in undergrad.
Yeah
Well people here like to tease me about how little abstract algebra I know
Haha
So it's a tradeoff
Algebra doesnt interest me too much honestly, but im not terrible at jt
I also only started learning about probability this year in grad school
Yeah
RYC, are you a PhD student?
Yey I don’t feel bad that I barely actually understand probability too 🤣
(if you dont mind me asking)
Can confirm my school recommends like analysis 2 and algebra 2 for two of your electives the department just says take what you like and what's required of course like ODE, probability, etc..
I got a little past borel fields and indicator functions
In terms of rigorous exposure to probability
Yes, I just finished my first year
It’s important if you want to do molecular stuff like I do
(its in the US, so I dont have a masters and the program is 5 years - ill have a masters by the end of next year, but my program is a phd program)
I'm trying to figure out if I want to do a masters first, idk money is the big concern tbh and I don't know many fully funded masters
Yeah I just ignored taking both of those haha. I went right to graduate analysis classes and didnt bother with more algebra besides analysis/geometry related stuff
5 years is considered fast track if you can manage to finish in 5 years lol
I would generally advise against unfunded masters programs for math in the US
My biomed PhD colleague that graduated from Hopkins took 8 years
Im worried about funding more than anything
My school offers a fully funded masters but I would probably like to go somewhere more prestigious if I did a masters
Idk how youd be able to get funding past year 4
With more courses that interest me to explore as well
Or 5
Some schools have it set up that you can get funding for another year or two if needed
Ah okay
Remember that you're teaching for them. You're not freeloading
True that
Also sometimes your advisors will have a grant that they can pull from.
You probably have to try to get into a good PhD program if you can’t get funded masters. I think the reality is you get a masters as PhD insurance most of the time no?
It depends on my advisor too om sure
I'm considering this for real analysis and maybe saving my 5th elective for a directed study course with my advisor
Yeah most of the time you get one en route
Even then PhD insurance only happens cuz sometimes people won’t be able to get enough funding to complete the full PhD and shit happens?
That’s rough tho, you only can get one to two years of additional funding most of the time if you don’t complete the requirements of the program as expected? Oof
I think it pays to really take your time to prepare
i know some phd students who had to switch to part time
and did tutoring while they finished
How can you do that tho? That’s counterintuitive if they decide to cut your funding
For reasons you have no control over
Hypothetically speaking*
Yeah the advice ive heard is to get into reading publications
Or like really know what you wanna do
But ive never done research so
Itll definitely be a challenge
You’d have to commit to full time program to guarantee a chance in getting the PhD in first place and you gotta make the effort work out at the best of your abilities and cut your losses if shit hits the fan cuz things were out of your control because of silly bureaucratic policies
you just do it
if you dont have funding there is no other way
unless you are rich or get loans
Wdym?
if you run out of funding and arent done you either leave without finishing or work something else while you do finish
Yeah worst case scenario i just walk out with a masters right haha
You have an example of what you mean here tho? What’s like a practical example of this circumstance
government funding here is limited to 5 years
You can only walk out with a masters IF you finish your course requirements AFAIK
Oh okay
you cannot legally get funding for any day longer
also i am talking europe, every phd student has a masters when starting and there are no course requirements
You don’t get a masters because of how long you sit in the program. Of course it doesn’t work like that.
Huh? Wdym
Oh your talking about Europe
so the worst case is you wasted 5 years
Oh so they never admit students without a masters even if they outcompete candidates that have a masters and let’s say they are not European?
I’m coming up with gnarly hypotheticals here of course
you just do a masters before you enter a phd, its a hard requirement
Also i rather study abroad in Europe than here in America
i dont think american students are admitted really
unless they do a masters first
but i dont know how its handled
its generally not recommended to move for a phd in either direction
america kinda sucks lmao
like, i would have to do quals and repeat coursework if i were to move to the US for a phd
at least most likely
It just shows you how credible schools are in comparison in America or Europe wants to set that bar. But I know in the history books there are stories of gifted students being accepted with barely any credentials to their name to European schools of the highest caliber. Then again I’m just breaking out hypotheticals here. I don’t expect to go back to school rather than just pick peoples brains apart here.
That makes no sense lmao
the bureaucracy just isnt set up to be compatible
But do we know for sure that European top schools are just way better than American across the board when it comes to rigorous higher education? What would that imply?
Sure there are research groups here at top American schools but the teaching sucks in comparison
US schools are better at the top level
because they are rich
but the average undergrad in europe gets a better education im pretty sure
Only some schools, what about the top schools near the LHC
sure, but US still outranks
there are good school in europe but its not that many
although tbf i think this is changing
How would it be changing?
the US isnt really a place people voluntarily move to anymore
So you think people are going to leave the US for better opportunities?
not necessarily
but the US could just "buy" many top scientists from all over the world for a long time
and people would happily go
but now people are more likely to stay where they are, or go somewhere in europe
See I feel like this is the only reason why top schools here are top schools. None of the faculty are there for breeding future students for their institutions when they outsource their staff that completed their education abroad 🤣
(tbf this is just personal opinion and anecdotes)
But at least you see what I’m getting at here, it just seems like the institutions here are like Jimmy rigged together
well, i never was in the US
Cuz there is this illusion that we are so great but we aren’t
but US students coming here for a year are advised to only take easy classes
Cuz we don’t employ our own people to do anything
because their classes did not prepare them
Then again I think employment should be internationally approached and not restricted to nation states anymore
More decentralized policies are needed especially for this sort of stuff
I know people going thru postdoc hell here in the states. I’ve worked with masters students that shouldn’t even be masters students. It’s almost embarrassing
That is also true
It also depends on school you go to here if you go to a very prestigious school you may be expected to take very rigorous classes early on because they expect you to have taken at least some calc by the time you show up and probably even to have learned some stuff on your own
Its not really surprising that US education is much less standardized than germany when its like 30x the size or something
lol
Whats postdoc hell?
Yeah there are also 50 different states and education varies by county in the states
tbf higher educaton across the whole bologna area is very standardized now
it works quite well
I think people need to think more long term and be patient about what they’re getting themselves into. How does a group of half a dozen masters data science students embarrassingly put a paper together with like no credible sources cited? Not a single source cited actually to look more into the intuition of the statistical methods being used… just wow
Now I’m not putting anyone on the spot here but a group of half a dozen masters students in data science that don’t know how to cite information on a paper……
like, moving inside bologna area is no issue at all
i think american colleges just also fulfill a different function in our economy and arent really differentiated or categorized the way german ones are (we dont have a university/university of applied sciecne/trade school system in the same way)
thats fair
I just wish there were more appreciatively rigorous STEM programs here. It just seems mostly like rushed big business superficial narratives
i mean, they exist
there are a lot of them by pure numbers
theyre just hard to get into and expensive
And I see the problem happening at scale because I think there is an association with appreciating rigor and modes of discipline as an efficient worker
Especially younger people now just starting college, a lot of them may not know what it means to have a dedicated healthy study routine
Or what it means to study a subject in depth
I would say a decent amount of people also don't care in my experience they just wanna graduate and get a job
And by the time people are approaching their 20s, they don’t got much time to figure that out depending on circumstance
Cuz it’s easy to get caught up being distracted with all the crap happening
I don’t think people are naturally apathetic that’s the thing. Apathy is mostly a conditioned behavior
its not really apathy so much as just having a different set of priorities
Wdym by different set of priorities?
I know of plenty of people in engineering and comp sci who don't really care for comp sci or engineering they just want to do it cause it pays well and employment looks good or their parents force them
Preferring to just graduate and get a degree rather than have a "rigorous stem education"
But the thing is as the complexities of task completion for the work place progress, don’t you think that’s a problem?
Like if you are given more responsibility overtime for instance for technical tasks
That seems like something you would need data to analyze
And then all of a sudden your education doesn’t help you anymore
Absolutely
We need so much data
But it doesnt seem like most people graduating with a CS degree right now feel underprepared or unequipped for the workforce, anecdotally
nor in many other degrees
I'mma be real most of friends say don't use much of their degrees in their work that's anecdotal and all but lots of people would probably say the same
Like especially as technology advances, that can create or shift job sectors to even higher technical capacity
I have many swe friends most their jobs involve very little comp sci maybe 10% they say
Demand*
I think a lot of people are just jumping into things without making an effort to think things through to some degree of reasonable outcomes.
Yet a lot of those CS/engineering majors want to contend to managerial roles that are more competitive to get into and less slots for. But then so many more people are gona bandwagon into it that then you have hunger games
Do we really need to hire a ton of fake engineers to fill job slots that probably won’t exist?
I'm just talking about entry level jobs like my friends range from junior software engineers to staff/principal engineer most of the friends I have who work in engineering do aerospace and are junior level employees and they just use a significant amount of their time working on specifications, cad, and fea instead of math, even doing very little calculus
Even the guy who's a high level engineer doesn't use much of his degree but instead his work experience from being in the field so long
Yea but those same opportunities are not going to be available for long
As demands shift based on technological advances and environmental circumstances
is there evidence for that
I don't think suddenly theory is gonna become the big need I think it's still gonna be stuff you learn on the job
Wdym? There’s been many documentaries making associations between pre and post industrial Revolution and we certainly see the demands change overtime. We can make a lot of very interesting speculations but I think some of my concern is how we are collecting data on any of these sort of metrics.
I'm failing to see how this relates to needing more rigor? As far as I can tell in the field of engineering especially less rigor is probably needed now than before because we have technology to assist us instead of doing things more by hand
“Learning on the job” is a deceptive phrase here. You don’t want to be stuck with the wrong jobs because then you set yourself up for a self-fulfilling prophecy.
I am rather surprised people have that much faith in big business enterprise anymore.
Like there is a lot of data out there but do you ever think about how it gets collected and how the data is contextualized? This makes speculation tricky.
What data are you taking about?
This is super vague
Naturally, different types of data will be collected and analysed in different ways
Like what exactly is your thesis here?
Yes so this is part of the problem. There’s no limit to how we analyze the data. We construct narratives around the patterns we see as we analyze it. This becomes a double edged sword, bc statistical inference theory always tells you that all statistical methods are limited based on context. The context in which is supplied by a narrative. The narrative is itself a set of phenomenal correlations that may be correct or incorrect. But that being said, any statistical methods can be used inappropriately even if it wasn’t purposefully used as such.
But which data are you taking about
I’m not talking about anything in particular. This is something any data scientist should be aware of
Yes data should be analysed using appropriate methods and care taken when attempting to draw conclusions
It just seemed like you were trying to say something more than that
Oh, I suppose I worded things a bit abrasively
Contextualization is a difficult thing because there’s so many variables at play and really… since your likely to use multiple statistical methods, your going to also have a multimodal approach to making correlations
But if we fail to account for the mechanisms of context, then we have problems along the line of the famous quote “correlation does not always imply causation”
What is a simple explanation for the inability to prove Beal Conjecture using the same methods used for Fermat's last theorem?
Just learned 1+2 = 12
Where did you learn this?
what if + is the binary operation representing concatenation
what is the structure of set of all string with [0-9] as alphabets...
concatenation as binary operation
free group on ten objects
idk
well no inverses
so uhhh free semigroup
or whateve
@fast fable Then tell that person no
Alr
Free monoid on ten elements.
The empty string is the identity element.
yeah..
I've been thinking that how someone could print a really really really small double value
Like (in java), if one prints a value less than 2^-1074, it turns to 0.0
I tried like using other libraries, in java. Like BigDecimal
But sadly, it doesn't support raising a decimal to a decimal
Sending query to Wolfram Alpha, please wait. 
An unknown exception occurred while fetching the Wolfram Alpha query!
If the problem persists please contact support.
Nvm
I would be curious if it can even compute 2^1074

"BigInteger must support values in the range -2 Integer.MAX_VALUE (exclusive) to +2 Integer.MAX_VALUE (exclusive) and may support values outside of that range. The range of probable prime values is limited and may be less than the full supported positive range of BigInteger . The range must be at least 1 to 2^500000000"
Well in java, Double.MIN_VALUE is actually a constant that is the smallest positive double
If I wanted to assign a smaller value than that, how would I deal with it 
Also yesterday Wolfram alpha computed a value till 10^-51817 for me
pretty sure wolfram just has arbitrary precision on integers
if you want smaller floating point values, you need a bigger datatype
so find a library or build it yourself
👍
False
@neat lintel @stark pelican talk here if u want maybe?

Yes
idk what happened
it went dormant
the bot basically
yeah what is that

maybe I'm trippin
let me double check
is the cubic ax^3+bx^2+cx=0
I think you are
$-x^3+2x+2=0$
0/0=:Hmmcat:
this is the cubic
how did it do this , did it first make them into like quadratic terms?
the original problem was 45 tho
^
is this problem actually solavble without calc
or graphing?
well it says "graphically"
I mean we pop it into a graph, i think it might just work idk
like some people were saying to me number 45 can be
ig they meant the graphical method

ye
so we can't use algebra for question 45?
I generally never solved cubics given none of the roots atleast without calc unless it's a special cubic
idk dog poo about cubics so you're the master rn
cardanos formula
exists

I mean like is cardanos formula algebra
cuz idk, I just passed algebra 2 I didn't see it there
Yeah but I'm so sorry @neat lintel @stark pelican The questions were meant to be solved graphically, I wasted EVERYONE's time. I'm truly sorry
Hahahahhah
I'll read them better next time, god dang. Please understand. Thank you
it seems to be converting it to polish notation
er, reverse polish notation
programmers might call it "stack-based expression evaluation"
or some similar phrase
thank you
hello
sounds easy to solve for some reason
@ocean bronze
Honestly, psychology is the study of human brain but our school went ahead and made it a history course
The fact that there's quite a lot of memorize, they were like "oh yeah we'll just make it an history "
well me too, I can choose to take American history or psychology
How far are you in Psychology?
I don’t really need the credit because I’m already done with all the electives I’m meant to take and already got my extra elective credits done
Can someone help me with a math exercise?
Right now it’s sigma Freud
Ah alr, yeah for me it's helping my history credit. And I want a solid 4 in everything
Theory about mind
Use any of the help channels, #help-11
Yup, his theory is nice
Only class I might fail
Actually. DId you take notes?
you need to remember it on the top of your head 🤣
I don’t take notes
My school is pretty easy
Getting a P is basically passing grade right and it gives u the credits and doesn’t affect your gpa
There’s basically a hack in my school
That u can get all Ps
And one A
Which would count as a 4.0 gpa
@pastel mantle Hats off to this man for simultaneously helping everyone in the help channels. 👑 do you not get tired ??
lmao I have some free time rn that's all
Hiya, does anyone know if there's short hand notation for a function already being integrated, like a differentiated function is f(x) with a lil dash above the f. Wondering if there's an integrated version
Capital letters are sometimes used to denote antiderivatives
However, I don't believe there is a universally understood convention for annotating them
See, for example, the usual statement of the fundamental theorem of calculus
ah, ok. ty for the response💛
Dumb question, but is it possible to have a function that instead of giving a value, it gives a range of values?
a function can return a set, so yes
So lets say we have a set called U, for every value that are True(???). Then I can make a function that different returns sets within U?
Maybe that was a bad explination
i cant quite parse this, is U the domain or codomain
I'm very new to this. Think in my school, we called the set that is "above" every set "U"
well, you can have like a function f from {0, 1} into say the powerset of {1, 2, 3}
and f(1) = {1, 2}
so f returns a subset of {1, 2, 3} when you plug in 1
and you can interpret this as a range of values if you want
Over here we kinda learned that a function will never return more than one value
And if I really want to "goof around", I don't need to use integers in the set, I could use variables, right?
the one value here is a set
which works
Oh, man, how is math this cool?!
Oh
you just have to be precise about the objects
Can't wait until next year for uni

jesse

