#serious-discussion
1 messages · Page 326 of 1
how so
neutrons
proton*
This proton idea also never really got to me
so, let's use a vector field
and this proton exerts a vector force
it has no charge that's why it's called neutron
and so does this neutron and electron
now how does these stablize each other
what does stablizing "charge" Even mean
Quick recap on it:
The names of the three come literally from its electric charge
Electrons have negative charge
Neutrons have 0
Protons have positive charge
Electrons are """massless"""
Protons and Neutrons have about the same mass.
massless that's something isn't it hmm
what is charge
what phenomenon is it
i miss her
Its just a property of the fundamental particles in essence, basically, how much they interact with the electromagnetic field.
we say that they are massless mostly cause its actual mass is incredibly tiny, so, even small amounts of kinetic energy will basically accelerate them almost up to C
you actually explained it really well
now can we talk in terms of forces and particles?
this charge you talk about, it's basically about "interacting" with the em field right?
that's a complex idea to depict, but if charges go over or under, the thing that's affected is, is movement. so they're related with forces right? can you show them like inside a vector field and tell me why charges are affecting these things if something doesn't get 0 charge evenly?
and this charge, does it not defy energy conservation laws? I mean if electron's always gotta have a charge and say some atoms will always be positively/negatively charged, then they'll always be in force (Energy) no?
in here I don't talk about fundamental forces but push /pull
You know the classic way to depict gravity sinks by relativity?
As like, a cloth stretching downwards
well I've seen the explanation, never really made sense on how a particle bends actual empty space tho
especially 3 dimensional particle's empty space
where if it bends it, it's just seemingly a pull
Well, (ignoring this is classical physics), this is the formula for gravity force.
G is the gravitational constant (a number)
yea agree on it in many cases
right
coulumbs copycat idea
hmm
I didn't actually read about it tho
mind telling me the q1 q2
and what's k
tbh, k is actually a variable, but we generally treat it as constant since it changes based on the medium
q1,q2 are just the values of the charges
so, the analog to mass
mmmmm
like, if you want to measure whats the electromagnetic atraction between a proton and an electron, you can
just search up their q charge, and the radius of the atom you are looking at
so if we take atom A, then if there are 1 proton, 1 neutron and 2 electrons, then the q1 would be +1 unit?
this atom doesnt exist in a stable state, but okay, lets assume
Its hydrogen -
hydrogen +? what's a one electron atom doing something significant over here
Depends on what pair of charges you want to look at here
q1q2 could be
proton-electron
or electron-electron
pair of charges? interesting
yes, coulombs law only allows for pairs of charges
hey wouldn't a 1 photon 1 electron be 0 resultance aka a neutron's effect after they both are combined?
and a 1 neutron 1 electron would just be a 1 electron? I don't really get the idea of neutron here, is it 0 or is it -1 to compensate for +1 of proton
why do neutrons have to exist
Youre probably mixing the 3 "basic" particles
oh not photon my bad, proton. and like if proton is +1 , electron is -1
protons and neutrons are known as nucleons, they are in the nuclei of atoms
electrons are in the cloud
anyways, thats weak nuclear force, which is far harder to understand
why the neutron
weak nuclear force is nucleons pulling and keeping themselves in a clump?
neutrons stabilize atoms nucleus because of Strong Nuclear Force
Weak determines how particles combine
Strong determines the forces of two particles when they are really close.
hmm
which, btw, follow up
because of the nature of each, gravity is usually weak in force, but has a huge reach
electromagnetism is stronger but doesnt have noticeable effects on long distances
and strong nuclear is absurdly strong, but requires distances far smaller than the width of an atom.
Mmmm
on your original request to try to look at a vector field, gimme a sec
This is totally wrong, but i think for an explanation it will serve good enough
Assume q1 are q2 of the same type of charge
If they are inside the electric field generated by another charge of the same type, they will be repeled from it
Hmm
Since them both will always be inside one anothers field, they will both be repeled by the same physical force.
Ic
this electron, if it always repels another electron
then why do atoms try to take in another electron so thirstily when they only lack ONE electron and almost 49% of particles (between protons and electrons) Are electrons
protons in the nuclei
and because they actually re-arrange their electron clouds for it
something still doesn't fulfill this
if we were to talk in numbers, what number would electron be and what number would proton and neutron be (say +1 force, -1 force, 0 force)
or say we were talking in terms of vectors
electron doesn't really affect neutron right? so we'll keep specific coloured vectors that affect specific particles
so blue vector for electron's charge and proton being the blue particle
and neutron having the gray colour vector, proton being the gray particle here
and proton, having the red colour vector and electron being the red colour particle
looking at the total force due to all of the particles, from far enough away the distances are basically the same so the force scales with the net charge of the ion. if it has a net +1 charge it will generally attract electrons
oh
Electrons and Protons have (almost) the same electric charge with opposed signs
Really small numbers, but yeah
I see
but how's that force strong enough to pluck out an electron from another strong guy?
This is becoming a chem class, lmao
And say, in the other atom, overall they're trying to lose an electron
It really is connected tho
how's their overall positive force strong enough to push an electron out
like it's just a small positive margin
that's where the actual shape of the orbit clouds the electrons occupy are important. some of them put the electrons "in front of" the nucleus more so that they tend to cancel out the attractive force due to the nucleus, compared to others. this is called shielding
Resuming the idea, based on size of the atom and the amount of electrons it has in its outermost layer, some elements are better at giving out electrons and others at taking them
It can also happen they share them
oh I think I get this, so say the the king and general are the neucleus, then the traitor soldiers have surrounded them, and the orders of the king don't reach the outer loyal soldiers, (picture a clump of particles that are pulling, being surrounded by a clump of particles that are pushing in all directions)
now the outer electrons, would be weaker and other atoms will pluck them out in them right?
and the only other structure, is the electrons not shielding them and the nucleus force reaching strongly in many directions
and this atom pulls out an electron from another weak structure atom
something like that?
but what about a stable atom which requires no electron and which doesn't want to push out any? how do neutrons stablize the pull of protons? it's always gonna be a strong pull / if it stablizes then 0 net force and the electrons in our atom will go lose.
Theres an efect quite literally called Electron Shielding / Screening
The basic idea is that the innermost electrons push away all higher layers
Therefore, the outermost, is always the weaker
This effect is stronger for larger atoms
I see
and thats why youll generally find lighter atoms taking away electrons from heavier ones
generally
like everything in chem, theres always an exception
I can imagine why there's an exception here
they put themselves in such way that they pull slantingly so the electrons actually get closer
but yeah, compared to empty space, electrons are 1. massive enough to interact with us based on their fermion quality, 2. electrically charged, so they get electrically attracted to whatever object catches it
Theres an interesting example on this
Theres a particle thats the neutral-analog of an electron
so, a particle with really low mass
which doesnt have electric charge
Ok
Theres about a trillion crashing with you specifically rn
oh
We call them neutrinos
like trillion other particles like me hitting me?
these neutrinos, they hit themselves or an electron
No, as in, trillion particles colliding with your body, passing through the roof of your house or wherever you are
If they are lucky enough, they can sometimes pass through earth and follow up elsewhere
We predicted they existed about 30 years before we could detect them
with "colliding" i actually mean, passing through you as if you didnt exist
they are so little and interact with almost nothing
how so? I must have empty space for it no
if I'm fundamental I won't have empty space
your body is about 99.99% empty space
the chance of hitting a proton/neutron is extremely small
I see
and it adds up because I have a lot of atoms
like incredibly small
it doesnt, it just bounces elsewhere
They took specifically 26 years to detect because of that property, but it happens to be that there are so many of them to be able to fuck up with some predictions over large scales of time and space.
hmm hmm
Or for really tiny experiments
but like NOTHING can detect them right
yeah, you can
like even if say it hits a proton
how tho
like the major thing we have is photons
and that's too big wait how's a photon bigger than a neutrino
because a photon is emitted by an electron and it's like similar/lesser in size and electron is similar in size to neutrino
so u detect them with light, no?
uhh, why don't you learn these through AI?
quick tutorial: dig about 2 km underground to avoid other forms of radiation
set up a huge room with a lot of charged particles that can interact with neutrinos through weak force.
detect the change of those particles you can analyze over
how do you get the motivation to learn these bro?
I've been doing that for past few months, but it's just a whole load of bullshit. It's even got a name, "Vibe Physics" And so often you end up thinking you've discovered something that no one did.
but over here, the humans don't praise me for every single question "you're thinking exactly like a physicist" and I actually learn the answers instead of feeling proud
ah i see
it must be incredibly hard to denote the changes that shouldn't have been there by natural known laws
because they're a lot of charged particles
and like that makes them messy
and to know a change that's caused not by charged particles but this guy
yep, nowadays we have a few neutrino observatories, they have some uses
discover? what is even the topic about?
Is neutrino Spanish neutron
any topic, legit I was thinking the other day (12 days ago) that uncertainty principle is because of light particles deflecting the electron when we measure it, because that's the only way to do so. and because we don't know where a light particle can hit, the uncertainty
but it's so wrong
Hmm I see
what uses might they have
too insignificant
Neutrinos is like, the electron version of a Neutron
so, really low mass but no electric charge
and too improbable
they serve as measurement of events in the cosmos
I can understand why, like they're just a plain metal food particle that does nothing other than hit things.
exactly something like a mathematical ideal particle
oh
measurement of events?
isn't it kinda random, how can it be denoted with time or measurement
It can’t
but what is measurement of events in the cosmos mean, I mean I'm not too digging in but what can they do
To be useful
nuclear reactions spew a lot of those, based on how many you detect, you know if the nuclear reactions in a star are changing
disintegration thanks to other types of radiation in our atmosphere generate them too.
so are you saying that, nuclear reactions just make the particles move A LOT and quickly, so fast that they hit neutrinos quite a lot than they'd hit normally.
Like running in rain, hits u more particles (may not be true but consider the rain droplets are really tiny)
nope, nuclear reactions generate neutrinos
Again, weak nuclear forces are difficult to grasp, but they are a byproduct of nuclear reactions
Some part of the energy of a nuclear reactions is transformed into the atom youre fusing into
some other part is transformed into other things
okay how about we think what a nuclear reaction is? now that I think about it, how does nuclear energy generate so much power
it seems
there are two types of nuclear energy
it seems quite impossible you know
hmm
fission (the one we do)
and fusion (the one the sun does)
okay
fission basically breaks a heavy nucleus into two other nucleus + byproduct
fusion combines two light nucleus into a heavier one + byproduct
the sun does all this in vaccum
no??
but space is vaccum
yeah, but the inside of the sun isnt
ah so okay but why is the outer surface of the sun hot then
ah nvm
like okay okay I get it
what about this, say I give you a setting with 2 atoms
and a vaccum
and I combine them
where does the by product or the energy go
the surface is about 5000 C, the inside is about 15.000.000 C
Still not as hot as yo mo-
Excuse me
okay, the classic logic of chemistry/physics where mass is conservative doesnt apply for these
I mean... chat gpt might think this puzzled scientists, but I don't think it's too much of a task to think what very energetic interactive atoms, do to other atoms around them.
like thermal energy, they obviously vibrate things and that must reach to the outer atoms as well, just lesser in the vibrations tho
so ai is trash 🚮
I see, makes sense
for weak nuclear force, only energy is conservative, and if you have a difference in mass from state A to state B, then you have to have generated some other form of energy.
that's interesting
Messages deleted. Terminate AI task```
😭 omg
<@&268886789983436800>
holy wall of text
This account is not automated
It's me behind this all of this
I used to think I'd do wonders with ai
I actually did
Don’t post random walls of LLM generated nonsense please
Please do not trust ChatGPT or similar AI tools for mathematical tasks, as they often generate output which "sounds correct" but has numerous factual or logical errors. Use of these AI tools to answer other people's help questions is strictly against server rules (see #rules).
You really didn't.
on viXra maybe
I think I did pretty incredible stuff with it
oh man, I didn't even think that vixra of all places would be ruined by AI
right but something doesn't make sense, how can they disobey mass conservation. no matter how much energy I put to my dear electrons or quarks, they must never get destroyed
Ima head out
used to be cranks had to write their own stuff, and it was funny. Now it's just all slop. How depressing.
:clueless:
yeah, they sometimes do
At least they had their authenticity
like say u got an empty space
High energy states usually excitate fields that they shouldnt
Now what’s left
and u have a truly fundamental particle that does not divide at all
if i hit it with a lot of force
Look up what an atom/particle collider does
if that breaks the particle it either isn't fundamental and empty space has more chunks
the art of crankery is gone
anyway @astral kettle you're probably wanting to learn about statistical mechanics.
Use a textbook and not deepseek.
I can't get the intuition tho
They basically accelerate atoms to about 98% C and blast them into a chunk of metal
fields usually shouldnt interact with eachother
Actually-
this server is monitored, isn't it
but with enough energy, they can
wait but wait
monitored? uhh, we have mods on this server, I guess?
"enough energy " isn't something true is it, that means all fields interact with each other
just more seemingly at higher energy concentration
right?
No not that. The feds
Who uses Instagram here knows what I'm talking about
nope, they actually just transform kinetic energy into mass.
Or should I summarize it with one simple emoji
no but this cannot be true, mathematically it's like 0.00000000000........5x when you walk, and 1x when nuclear energy blast happens
how
is this possible
cranks, I swear
it seems like physics has a bias or a point of frame, if at one level something interacts with the other
seems like a game where a level unlocks u a weapon, but this shouldn't be true physically I mean...
Nothing you say on the math discord is going to be interesting enough for the feds to care unless it relates to national security. It's not like the feds care about the incorrect ideas you have about heat transfer.
but yeah, by default you should assume that any unencrypted communication is visible to the feds, specifically the NSA
okay, beyond from this image being really relevant to another topic, this is basically the idea of it
the center is the point of collition, the rays and points are the new particles created that were detected
The universe does some wacky shit when a lot of energy is crammed into a small space.
What's the stokes theorem in your name?
Greens Theorem
"strokes" theorem is crazy work
Stokes
it does not seem intuitive at all
but u mean to say me it's true
it's absolutely true
how's this possible tho
something's coming from 4th dimensional, I don't believe this is possible in 3 dimensional space
how is it possible that mass can come from energy and vice versa?
Isn't time called 4th dimension in physics?
This has nothing to do with a 4th spatial dimension
mass doesn't come from energy tho, (it does over here but the natural intuition)
and energy doesn't come from mass either, energy is just the phenomenon of the intense (not exactly really hard but like a scale) level of collision/force existing
completely off interpretation of it:
Based on E=mc^2, you can find the energy a particle has based on its mass
if you have enough kinetic energy, theres nothing stopping you from using the equation the other way around
Same.
Again, this is absurdly oversimplified
Here's something fun, energy coming from mass is how stars work. Two protons and two neutrons weigh significantly more than a helium nucleus
truly absurdly oversimplified.
The energy difference between these two states is why you're alive.
E =mc² is complete?
I think there is another equation
E^2 = m^2 c^4 + p^2 c^2
Why photon possess energy if it's massless?
where p is momentum
just to give an example of it, recall how i explained that electrons get sent to a higher energy state under certain conditions
and when they reestabilize, they emit light
Well, thats quite literally the same idea
hey I think this has a lot to do with something being massless and having energy
can we discuss about that first, to straighten up what energy is in a clear way
It is said that object possess energy if has capacity to do work. Sorry if you did mean different.
a photon, quantum physics has deemed it as a particle. but it doesn't feel like a usual particle, I only feel like you can narrow it down to a certain area in space, because of the electro magnetic ripple moving at a certain speed and not instantly.
so it actually travels, but it doesn't have mass, and it's not like a particle yet you can point down an area of space (small enough like a particle) Of the concentration of it's effect, where it's travelling
for a particle, momentum is associated to its velocity and mass
but photons are also a wave. > they use another formula
so the energy–momentum relation of the photon is E=p*c?
"What is energy?" is a surprisingly deep question. For instance, you may have heard about heisenberg's uncertainty principle, about how you can't know the momentum and position of a particle with a greater accuracy than h-bar/2 (iirc), but did you know that energy and time share a similar uncertainty property? This is because the energy of a quantum particle (aka the hamiltonian) and the time operator share a similar relationship to the momentum and position operators.
iirc there are about 4 pairs of uncertainty
right I don't think photon is a particle, I believe they narrow it down to the area it's present for it to seem like a particle, and it behaves like a wave. because when u look at it, a photon and the invisible electrical fields around it are not so different, it's the same material/element. So I believe for the wave element as well, even if it's a particle and the concentration of the effect is far away from the electron, behind it is just nature like it, so it's hard to think of it this way but wave seems to be true
i cant recall precisely why they are tied to eachother, but anyways
is this sort of true?
or photons are actual particles and not just narrowing of space of the effect of the change of the electron
that doesn't make sense tho, that would mean I should be able to change a photon's direction
and this narrowing of space to see where the effect of the change of the electron idea seems more accurate
because u really cannot change it
literally u cannot mess with it
Doesn't photoelectric effect confirm particle nature, for that Einstein got Nobel?
orthogonal components of angular momentum share an uncertainty principle, which was actually the first one you learn typically, though it isn't normally described this way
that confirms particle NATURE not particle PHYSICAL THING
particle nature is confirmed by what I'm conversing here too
and it denies a physical THING
like, if you start QM with the Stern Gerlach experiment.
From quantum field theory, yeah, they are waves, they act like particles when you take them as being in a discrete region of space (so really concentrated vibrations)
What is definition of physical thing?
RIGHT so I'm true and they're non existent particles that are really just space's narrowing down of the effect of the change of the electron exitation
turns out that using your intuition for every day things in the realm of quantum mechanics leads you to make assumptions that are difficult to correct.
oh
Like, depends on "non existent", for that case, protons, neutrons, electrons, etc... also doesnt exist.
u mean to say they're actually particles and not just our narrowing it down to particle like areas in space of the effect of the change of the...
They all are part of some field.
right but
I'm dumber than you all in physics. I should not argue between you.
I'm literally 14 what do u mean dumber, I'm the dumbest over here and seems like the loudest one as well, so don't think like that
right let's speak in terms of all the other particles and photons separately
okay i guess
WE are physical, and in a field of "abcde" interactions
If you are 14 then definitely I'm dumb. I'm double of your age.
photons, are ALSO PHYSICAL but in a field of "electro magnetic invisible to measly protons and neutrons"
we can not interact with them physically by hitting them
yeah, they recide inside the electromagnetic field.
kinda? if they can give energy to objects, objects interact with them
like, spaceships have to consider the push the sun gives because of light for the path.
that's a mental idea, not directly tho right? we sure can change electrons in ways that make them do things, but not mid air directly with the field of electro magnetism
electrons are kinda in between to our physical and the EM physical
but we cannot physically ourselves do anything in EM physics
Have you read bose Einstein theory? Leptons, bosons and quarks? Are they really smaller than electrons?
electrons reside in their own field to be precise
I suspect bosons wrong.
maybe we don't speak about those here right now tho
now think about this, for PHOTON to be considered a particle
we describe it's charesterics
but, nothing can change a photon mid air
and we can only disturb the electron to generate a different kind of photon
nothing from our physical world
now, the changing of electron is a one time thing, and nothing travels instantly over here as we observe
so, can we not narrow down where the effect of the electron movement is?
yes we can! and we can point it down and calculate it
NOW WHY IS IT THE FASTEST THING?
because it's not from our physical world yet it lies in it, so it's fastest and nothing disturbs it not even particles
and the only things that disturb it, are it's relatives called electrons
Youre sort of missing the fact that fields interact
Like, quick example, strong magnetic fields cause by electrical currents can change the state of a photon
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right the higgs boson field might make this electron field interact, but think about OUR MUNDANE, plastic, particles called neutrons and protons, that don't really have fields that do things
it's like thinking about melee weapons and guns, or human strongmen and beam throwing anime demons
all electrically charged particles interact with the electromagnetic field
which does include protons
Like, if you suppose it to be a little ball, no, none of them can actually interact with it as is without absorbing and reflecting it
But that isnt the case
They are waves, and they can be disturbed by effect cause by the physical medium
wait hold up hold on hold on, how are u so sure mister that protons and neutrons directly interact with the em field
mostly cause the physical medium is conformed by particles that are also waves of other fields
and not with electrons instead (directly )
because electrons are a gateway between our world and their superior world of fields
they are electrically charged, so they have to be interacting with the electric field
the electric field interacts with the magnetic
and electrons do exist in our world so
but
and the electromagnetic field is literally the combination of the two
how are u so sure that the phenomenon of them balancing /unbalancing based on how many particles wins over
is not a physical phenomenon like pull of gravity / push of particles from hitting
and directly a electro magnetic field phenomenon
okay, to be more precise, it isnt that electrically charged particles interact with the electric field
to be more precise, the electric field is the one which "gives" them their electrical character.
and not with the force itself
how about this idea
you mean photons?
the electric field does not give anything, and our physical phenomenon makes electrons, protons and neutrons seem charged like that, based on weird forces, and because the electron moves with a physical phenomenon and it is also tied with our electro magnetic FIELD, the field gets affected indirectly
no I meant to say the electric field is caused and changed by electrons
hmm
you mean to oppose this idea?
We usually explain it the "wrong" way because its easier to understand that electrons are like little balls that give energy to a field
how so?
In reality electrons are just the energy in the field
But they arent the only form of excitation in the electric field
visible distress
I see
but
the mass tho
to be more precise, protons arent a fundamental particle
this higgs field doesn't interact with our particles like neutrons and protons right?
they are a mix of 3 bosons
it does
I know quarks but even quarks have mass and
wait
the higgs field is the field that conveys the property of mass to particles
quarks are bosons
they have
let's say effect over here, effect of the higgs field
hmmmm
how do they have mass
and interact with the higgs field
I know they do a weird orbiting ritual to give protons and neutrons their mass
is that called interacting with higgs field
youre going back to the "wrong" interpretation of massive particles interacting with the higgs field
while the higgs field actually is the one that gives mass
Like, the electric field gives electrical charge
Higgs gives mass
long etc for all fields.
it's actually really complex to understand this idea completely even though u seem to understand each component very intuitively.
ah
yeah
turns out that the mass of those 3 quarks separately is greater than the mass of a proton
So there must be an exitation in some other field that compensates for that loss of mass
we'll talk about how u deduced that later when they're so small and etc.. Etc..
hmm yea
how did mass get reduced
it's not possible with our physical ideas
has to do with how the three quarks combine, they need a certain amount of "glue" to stick together
I'm glad that vixra cares enough to keep their crankery by real humans. It makes it so much better to hate read.
hold on
are you so sure on quarks being fundamental
and not having so many more very tiny particles
that sort of diffuse and we don't see cause they're even smaller than neutrinos
and
they diffuse because of the movement/ whatever physical actual moment the quarks do to look like protons/neutrons
when doing particle collision you dont generate protons, you generate quarks that then might combine into protons through strong nuclear force
wait but this idea is impossible because how would it be greater mass when you've actually measured their mass, even after being in protons and neutrons
given the idea of energy exciting fields into creating their own particles, we assume quarks to be fundamental.
I see
which, yeah, btw,
I see
nuclear strong force is where the mass went
oh wait
this idea again, it foreshadowed me the entire time
I get it know what it truly means to know of what fundamental is
iirc, atoms also suffer from that, when mixing a lot of protons and neutrons together, you actually lose some mass (a lot less compared)
fields are soo cool they're the gods we've been unaware of all this time
I see
but hey
what does "mixing" mean
like is it just moving?
moving loses mass because u interact with fields?
but how's that possible when the mass of the fundamental particles remain just as high
no, puting them together into an atom nucleus.
when the only thing that appears to be dim is the mass of groups
but what does "putting together" actually mean
Like, protons repel when they are apart from eachother, beyond a certain point they stick (also using neutrons to help)
oh
like, if you think about the EM force, atom nuclei should explode
neutrons dont have charge
and protons all share the same sign of charge
therefore, something has to be keeping them together
(strong nuclear)
thats also how you conclude that strong nuclear is really strong
a 30 minute ago (in the start of the charge discussion) me would be proud to know this.
but now it feels of no importance
hmm I see
these fields are really complex to think about together in an existing world
but I'm sure I get each of them
is this what quantum field theory is?
also, we havent mentioned negative energy excitations, lmao
they dont actually represent a negative ammount of energy, its just a QF concept.
negative energy? and exitations is sort of like a basic, intuition-achieved thing, it's like photons (energy) Coming to electrons (energy but mass) And that makes electrons move
right?
Positrons are the "negative energy" version of an electron
ah wait but that's protons no?
its an electron, but with reverse spin, reverse electric charge, etc...
wait
what is negative energy
protons interact with EM fields
again, its just a misnomer used in QF theory
If you imagine electrons to be pointing up in their own field, then positrons look the same but pointing down
Heyyy I’m new 👋
welcome!
someone once told me, angular momentum is the "wrong" perception of the electron being..
so if electron just has a momenntum like where it's supposedly going towards in physical space, then what is the idea of spin being up or down?
Uhhh I wanna go to astrophysics but I’m not so good at math so I joined ☺️
protons arent fundamental, electrons are
antiprotons arent fundamental, positrons are.
I need to relearn so much to pivot bc I failed Pre Calc 😭
angular momentum is just a really stretched out idea for particle spin
anti protons.. hmm
wait but let me get this straight over here
quarks interact with em field right?
Yes, quarks have charge.
because they're formed when u hit them at nearly light speed aka lot of energy
quarks form protons, specifically, with a disbalance in electric charge.
right but how do u know that's not a new field instead of our electro magnetic field
because they interact with electrons via this field.
they exchange photons with electrons
right but even the higgs field interact with electrons to give mass
it can be that the charges idea is not of the em field
right?
we havent explained this one, lmao
and of some other fields right?
wait what
exchanging as in like receiving a photon to an electron?
so photons are the mechanism that the EM field uses for interaction, it's the "boson" of the field.
bosons are force carrier particles.
yeah sure go ahead
quick recap: fields have "transmitter" (boson) particles that move information between particles that interact in the field.
I kind of understand this now
the photon is the EM boson
a 30 minute ago me wouldn't had goten this
right hm
but even the
electron is an em bosom right
because it interacts with the field
Thus if a particle interacts via the EM field it uses photons to mediate this interaction
the higgs boson is the boson of the higgs field

I see lol
hmm okay
yea that checks out
I'd hate to see some higgs field guy interacting with em field guy tho
in this case the "photons" really arent that much like the particle version, its more a diffusive wave in the field.
yea I get the idea
if u think about it in currency it's easier
like each countrie's currency
isn't usable in another
Be careful of using analogies though
mmmm yea they're never perfect at this level
alright go on
explain me how protons and... (quarks really) interact with em field
going over to the _anti_particle thing, they exist for every field, but some particles are their own anti-particle, and thats why we "need" that they dont interrupt eachother (like photons)
on why we need that > particle antiparticle pairs anhilate, aka, they delete eachother and both transform into actual energy. (not the QF misnomer)
what do u consider to be an anti particle? like negation of everything of it's charectarisicts? that seems really hard to point out tho
again, this deleting each other part, seems really complex to point out such a particle
every characteristic of each field the particle has, its antiparticle has opposite, except higgs
thats why we dont have negative mass
ohhhh that's what I was thinking
wait but if we don't have negative mass
how does it cancel out
it just really opposes it
what charestaristic do u negate
its just a thing thats out there, to be really honest, we dont really know why our universe is mostly "normal" particles.
oh
ah no wonder, I forgive physicists for not getting this idea forged out. seems really complex to decide all the charestaristics of a particle
like, in an atom collider you can actually collect antiquarks, and antielectrons (positrons)
wait but
and create an anti-atom
how do u know that
cause we did it
no no how do u know it's all "normal"
it can be that these are all anti versions of (several) other particles right
and these won
no but
there isnt nothing really that excempts us from being actually reversed from intended
maybe we are all anti-matter
but we dont know, and called the antimatter just "matter"
when u say normal, u seem to collectivise the idea of why these won, I understand your concern on "why" These won over other particles, but all of these may not be connected.... in terms of winning over other anti/normal particles
when you do collisions, particle-antiparticle pairs appair quite literally in 50/50
science is great 
yea but it can be possible that, say protons are actually anti matter versions and neutrons are actually normal guys
oh
no, those arent pairs
Yeah but they are hard 😿
oh
they aren’t as intuitive to me as humanities and maths are
hmmm
do you NOT see how intuitive all this quantum mechanics is
we just know that the great majority of our universe is composed of matter™ and that antimatter™ is quite rare.
like maths and humanities make the least sense in terms of what actually is the correct meaning etc.. Etc..
they all are ants going through a maze but like u understand nothing
not what the maze is out of, not where you're heading not why you're heading not what is all this bs
economics are math + humanities and goddam its hard.
nothing is intuitive to me 
Oh
😞
My nitro server boost ran out
hmm yea well, might need to think about why universe turned out like this, from what position has this idea of antimatter being rare occured

maybe it was vice versa
And changed
but someone called gravitational big bang theory
may deny that
do you remember when i mentioned that all fields have a non-zero potential everywhere?
well, pairs of particle-antiparticle generate everywhere at all times from straight void,
non zero potential, oh yea like a photon is not the only place where force idea of the field can be
thats why black holes radiate
is that why vaccum isn't truly 0 energy
oh wow
I don't understand black holes honestly, how do u understand such things from so far.
you'd have to do billions of gravitational calculations (for all particles to understand this black hole) and like nothing written out in formulas plus nothing to observe
i think ive heard at some point a theory for the big bang, where it was just a extremely rare occurence of a lot of energy concentrating at a point just out of pure chance.
I have no clue how founded that idea was, so take it with a pinch of salt.
nah like pure chance I love this idea but like the foundation breaks down because we believe the universe is expanding, and pure chance needs it to be infinite
that's certainly interesting
I don't believe the universe is expanding now
tbh they are a relatively easy concept in principle
mass excerts a deformation over space-time, which attracts more matter, there a few limits of mass that need to be broken for it to eventually become a black hole, but it reaches a point where the principle of exclusion isnt strong enough to keep two fermions apart from each other
fermions are particles with mass > quarks > (neutrons)
u know a lot about relativity, are they saying universe is expanding because they don't know what lies of a few atoms ahead? or are they saying it because atoms are moving farther out in empty space reaching newer destinations in empty space where no atom has ever been and expanding is just a relative term to where an atom has been
if it werent, nothing would have formed from the big bang to now
or literally atoms expand empty space itself
oh I see
we assume that big concentrations of energy are able to expand space time somehow, thats where dark matter and dark energy come as a concept, but we know basically nothing about them
principle of exclusion? as in neutrons and protons not joining in into 6 quarks?
oh
actually, the quarks that compose them, but basically, two massive particles cannot occupy the same region of space
Unless you expose them to huge pressure.
and not like, atmospheric pressure, more like gravitational pressure or really fast collisions
another way of saying we know almost nothing about black holes
black holes we know a lot of tho
cause u wouldn't explain it to me that like that, and instead tell me a whole bunch of ideas and principles if u knew a lot
hmmmm well well
certainly a chapter of interest maybe later in my life
they are basically an infinitely concentrated form of mass inside a discrete region of space
They basically stretch space time into them
right hold on over here tho, big concentration of energy.... expand space time? do u know the meaning of expanding space time? like space can just be all there, and expanding is nothing but bending is something well because it can be infinite and u can bend it a lot with a really large mass, but like expanding doesn't make sense. Why do u assume that
thats just an observation of it, like, we have a model for it that imitates correctly the universe
But it just applies as a correcting factor
Thats where the percentages of matter, darkmatter and dark energy come from
its just "something" that we know is in our universe, but dont understand
wait hold on once more, this bending of space time.
something seems suspicious about fields, masses are really integrated into fields right, so maybe masses seem differently comparing to non mass areas of the fields? aka seem like bending space time?
since, for all we care, it doesnt interact with anything beyond gravity
masses are a cause of higgs
but relativity isnt integrated to QF
We know that higgs causes mass of particles
we know mass causes deformation of spacetime with enough concentration
but thats it, we cannot tie both theories together as of now
Cool this conversation still stands! Keep it up guys.
per se
From the 4 fundamental forces, grav, EM and both nuclear
only 3 are explained by quantum mechanics
which, btw, yeah, ik quantum mechanics is based on waves, but its fundamental principle is that everything has to be able to be "quantized", or in human terms, put into units.
We cant put gravity into units, it looks like a continuoum no matter what we do
right but u do not exactly know what a higgs field is tho, u just know there's a field that does it. like u don't know it's principles, fundamental qualities and etc.. and u know it interacts with other fields because of experiments.
And there's a lot more fields and even photons that tell us something, or everything that tells us something.
Its all related to fields, so mass filled areas certainly are a different factor compared to mass less areas in the fields.
I mean, like what even do you think time is? do u just assume everywhere that it's not the same and different things happen differently because of masses/speed bending time?
can it not very well be that time's just the speed of happening things and in higher energy areas it happens faster, and faster is like meaning that it happens faster than slower energy areas?
energy isnt discrete though, its effects appear as such from particles
but energy is a total quantity distributed over all fields.
and we know that electric fields dont cause gravity wells
right but mundanely, we can see certain areas having more energy concentrated than certain areas
take it lightly as areas of 5m²
yeah, cause mass is a form of energy
and you'd see certain areas have more
and surely like all of it balances but it doesn't really in certain..
yeah all the best! sorry for disturbing you
was a wonderful experience

I've been thinking about this
and seems like space being infinite makes every possibility of an observable universe be true
say over here, 10 to the power of 81 atoms are there, and there must be 10 to the power of 81 factorial universes just like ours that each have an atom speckled a bit.
and this group phenomenon, would naturally happen over VERY VERY VERY large distances between each universe, but there also must be a cluster that is VERY VERY near each and every universe and then same but except 1 or 17 universes.
like every possibility, and over every space.
infinite space and field principles might allow this
and not only just 10 to the power of 81 atoms, but like everything
ervery possibility ever
at every space possibility ever (relatively tho)
Hi, everyone, I am looking for friends here.
I am a 21 years old young man who is trying to teach himself mathematics with only the background of high school mathematics.
Before I tried to study modern mathematics, for example, abstract algebra, yet found out that my mathematical maturity was not enough to comprehend them. Recently, I switched my focus into proving some concrete elementary results by myself with guide from AI and other references so as to train my mathematical ability. I decided to study some elementary topics before moving on to modern analysis and algebra. There aren't exact books covering the elementary materials I wanted. The nearest choices are What is Mathematics by Courant and A mathematical bridge by Stephen Hewson. However, they are survey like and aren't deep enough for my need. So I decided to do the research-like learning, to prove some classical theorems by myself and understand the elementary theory in depth, and finally write a short book by myself after I have gained enough understanding.
5 min ago I was a solving a problem to verify strokes theoram and it sucks ngl so i lowkey forgive you for your username
Hey how u doing
Does anyone know why potential energy exists within shells of a nucleus like the why behind it ik its kinda physics but would appreciate
@shut thunder u seem like u know ur shit can u answer my question please
where can I ask about ML
Consider a ML server
@neat lintel do u know L from deathnote
nuh uh
You share a name with him
Ah, asking because i think in the show L has a similar name
this guy
fictional ahh
@neat lintel Yes, it's late in all of the US
thats not good!
Australia?
i wish
India time zone?
but ur expectation is kinda high
i'm just guessing in time zones and populations
there's a probability for everything
ay dont mention this slur around me 😭😭
xd
that makes me think pakistan or something like that
ay doesnt mean im pakistani but good humour
im not telling u the coordinates either🥀
the chance that someone is in one of them is given by probability
oh alr😭🥀
BB was goated
Yesss
but kinda ragebaiting at the same time
taking 30mins to show a turtle walking in desert or sum
I loved that episode so much!
What
hank had so much emotion
yea few epidoes edging my time
I think the walking dead is a better example at that
would be great if he didnt take that shi that day
in season 1 you had scenes that lasted for like 5 minutes of them doing nothing
yea they edging us
:3
Ohh you mean that episode, yeah if he didn't go to the bathroom he wouldn't have caught his step brother
Brother in law*
whats ur age
Meow
im an adult
Guess
Car :3
22?
It's 18<or equalx<or equalnatural-age
Less
me fr
Can I gaslight myself to forget stuff
To an extent
i'm old enough to know indiana jones, does that give it away? https://youtu.be/-bTpp8PQSog?si=FUG8k1gz8jJ_og0n
Gaslighting oneself to forget you’re in pain generally seems to work
Oh damn that's good
For myself and others
i played lego indiana jones
like if you have a headache
Or the hiccups
Just like gaslight yourself into thinking you don’t
And if its not super severe then BAM it goes bye bye
Can I gaslight myself into thinking I'm not horrible
like 19?
i'm 18.25
oh 🥀🥀
hell no
25?
hi
hellllnoooo
by 22 i wont be this unintellectual
12? (to be clear this is not my age, i am 15)
Why does remembering stuff happen when I start feeling nice :c
12 sound about right
He said that he was definitely an adult, so by logic it must be greater than 18
sarcasm
awh
you were sarcastic or are you saying i sound sarcastic because that sentence i said did sound sarcastic now that i read it again
There’s no need
Wait I was 7-12 why the fuck do I feel bad about this
Gaslighting implies the thing you’re trying not to think is true
But you’re not horrible
i was 😭😭😭😭
You aren't, few people are
Ohh
Hi
it is time...
@neat lintel welcome to the mathcord 
higher did you see my latest RLE in bots?
Have you taken algebra 2? I'm in Algebra 1
I thought you were like 19
and hello discussion 2 
what u studying rn in US
algebra 1, i suppose that's like the first year of high school in the rest of the world
Tbh I literally ignored someone who's mother died and they trusted me so I think that's pretty horrible (but I mean I was under 12 when it happened so idk)
Meta committee is a staff like role isn’t it
wasssupp the next field madalist here( dont know basic arithmatic)
Well you were under 12
that it is 
In my head I imagined all the staff were at least like in uni
what is algebra 1 ? like whats the level?
am I BLIND or is it not in the roles Info channel thingy
I'm also pretty sure I didn't even know we were dating for like the first 4 years 😭
Quadratic equations, exponential equations, learning a bit about polynomials, etc
Does that ring a bell?
1/3 of them are
Then you weren't don't you think so? how can you be dating someone if you don't know it
Oh hi😇
we study that during freshmen year
I mean I forgot or something because after covid we couldn't really talk
Yea, in the US it's Algebra 1 and then Geometry and then Algebra 2, this is how it is generally I believe in the US
How the hell did 7 year old me pull 🙏 I was such a weird ass kid
Thats fair :((
Yeah
i dont think there are or have been any pre-uni staff
dont they have like AP classes courses and stuff from the start of highschool
Normal track is alg 1 geo alg 2 pre-calc calc
Ye
But like I feel really bad now after rereading her messages that I never read bc I didn't use the app often 😔
Most schools start allowing aps in sophomore or junior year
there’s a bit of updating that needs to be done there :p
Yea, i believe that this is for good performing students i think?
Is speedy a 15 year old uni student
In theory, but students in my ap classes that are pretty average or even below average seem to do fine
Higherrr

I'm just glad she is doing mostly alright now with a new partner
yamin 
hi lexi guy
who knows 
chat guess how many hour i study everyday
IMO grade doesn't automatically equivocate to comprehension, it doesn't automatically translate
big words
you’re right
Yayyy! imo ur very mature for saying that because others might say something bad about someone they talked to before
grades and intellect are very different
Just because someone gets 100 in math, it doesn't necessarily mean that they understand the subject the best.
I would say that many students in my school maintain fine grades pretty easily but most of them absolutely flounder in terms of critical or independent thinking
Like deeply
true intellectual papi 🫦
and I would also say that things like ChatGPT are the primary cause of this
I mean, she is also a close family friend, and she's gone through alot, I just wish I had the courage to apologize when I saw her again
and the very much lenient/inflated nature of the grading system
I think that's the point in algebra, or one of them. To problem solve well, with tools that have been developed for thousands of years
thats my case too
Mumei
tiktok is an agonist for the opposite of critical thinking, there's no thinking involved, for most of the content
yeah short form doomscrolling and ai have completely cooked the general population of my class
yea i used to scroll for 6hr everyday and it made me passively dumb
why ai tho?
i used to be a victim, but i fell out of the trap and now every day feels like 48 hours instead of 1
Same
🙀
6 hours is a lot 
It can solve every problem for you
Nameless
and why do u think that is the problem?
"solve"
Because it makes them completely incompetent
Learning from something that is inadequate at teaching yields stupidity.
You can use a guide to guide, whatever that guide is, but not everything is a guide
Many of the students in my class, even my ap classes, don’t even attempt to do work; they just go straight to plugging the questions or prompt into ChatGPT and write what it says
ChatGPT is not smarter than any mathematician
it just spits out stuff, instead of thinks
chatgpt is simply a source of knowledge
Exactly
and what makes this worse than books?
no it's just a data base that spits out a combination of learned things
what?
That’s what I mean
It just knows things
books are very well developed 99% of the time, with many people making them
school text books
I don’t quite understand what comparison is exactly being made here
then suggest me better alternative
Thinking with your own noggin
i think (im not sure ofc) maybe what they're trying to say is that books also give you the answer
maybe in US but i learn more watching reels than our textbooks
Daily reminder to use your noggin.
You are taught the material, afterall; you should be able to solve any problem given to you directly with the information you were given, or by thinking around with the information to create new inferences
i think therefore i exist ahhh
Some reels are pretty good, they can be informative, but at the same time there are also brain rot memes
diff situation here i mean degenerate teacher and system so yea i had to rely on ai
I find that short form content feels very informative in the moment but if you scroll for a hour and then unexpectedly are told to recall 10 genuine videos you watched, it would be difficult
Anyone here take an exam called the regents
thats unfortunate. thankfully i'm in an online school that is self paced and i teach my own self kind of with the information that they give me
we aren’t talking about the same thing
u dont get what im saying do u? and thats the point
Well tbf some books are badly written,but there exists many books which are great check out #book-recommendations for that and you can always use mathcord when you are stuck kek
this is a personal thing, but I just can't learn from videos
for me i quit going to school and learn from pretty good youtube mentors like prof dave and org chem tutor
Same here
Why do you think that is
I don't know what it is, but videos simply don't teach me anything 
I learn a lot better with a textbook
cuz u watch it passively
Do you learn from lectures in which you don’t ask questions? I would imagine the two would be pretty similar
Time consuming also you learn a lot more from the exercises provided the exercises are good which can be found plenty
not quite; I can learn something from a lecture
i can only learn from videos that teach well personally. to teach well you have to know what it is to be a learner and what it means to know the subject you are teaching
finding out what makes that distinction may help
yea true
I haven't watched a video to learn math in half a decade
These are fantastic channels, i love them
That’s like a long time
what would it help with? 
I don't learn math from videos
we have a lot in common
Yea, but i'm also subscribed to like 300 channels
It’s always good to have another medium of learning, the animated visuals of videos can be really helpful imo
like 3b1b
@placid shadow i mean i find common the most with european and US so i isolated myself
3b1b is so good for when you already know the subject but wanna visualize it. i tried to watch his videos before knowing pre-algebra and no matter how many times i repeated the video i just couldn't make sense of it 100%
I think the visuals are supplemental honestly 
for sure
they're a lot more effective when you already know the subject, but might be missing some intuition
bruv i can name pretty few 100 of em i did harvard cs50 and freecode channel coding stuff too right now
in real life?
maybe
idk
Oo nice! i'm subscribed to the most random channels from all genres ever
yea
i love company
Also, manipulating with the subject and seeing different angles of it really helps, i'd bet
me too
Same same
Me when the margin is too small but I proved the thingamajig:
knowing something through multiple perspectives is usually a hallmark of understanding, so yes c:
do u read classical books?
We have a lot in common! but probably also a lot not in common, such as exact height, favorite foods, personalities, etc etc, because lots of people are different from each other yknow?
I've read a bit of aristotle out of curiosity
I was able to learn quite a lot from his essence of Lin alg series, but thinking back on it you’re definitely right, the nuances aren’t explained extremely rigorously. I suppose that videos sort of rely on the viewer filling in the gaps themselves since videos are meant for a more general audience
still it doesnt change the fact that we have a lot in common
mhm
Oh btw @fresh comet my CA arc is coming to an end I feel like I haven't done much 
fwiw, I think the intuition he provides in his linear algebra series is fantastic
I believe so
Indeed!
im aware of the fact that ur white (likely) and im burmese meitei
it's just not enough to go with that alone, nor would I even call it a primary source to learn LA from
it's excellent supplemental material
but not the best primary source, if that makes sense
yeah of course, that’s not really what it’s meant for in the first place so I think it’s ok
Its like a precursor to get the ideas planted in your brain
so they’re familiar when you actually properly learn about them
what have you learned so far? 
my CA course is coming to an end soon too, we most recently covered Montel's theorem and the Riemann mapping theorem 
oh then sure, I don't disagree with you here 
Riemann mention
my opinion of complex analysis is that I hate it the least out of all the analysis I've learned so far 
bro dont be mad but u sound hella wannabe smart
I noticed today in my pre calc classroom that on the back wall with posters about mathematicians made by students the one on Euclid didn’t even mention his beautiful proof of infinite primes
Which I feel is his most famous proof is it not
Oh goodie!
i think a lot of people want to, knowledge is good!
I'm looking forwards to the smooth manifolds course next semester
I am not looking forwards to doing more analysis though 
I have no clue what a manifold is but whenever I hear it I think of the one time they mentioned the calobi yau manifold that they mentioned in young Sheldon
thats normal but doesnt mean u should be underestimating other like that she seems like a cocky narcissists
What exactly defines a topic as being analysis
that's not very nice to use words like that :((
I know nothing about Calabi-Yau manifolds besides that they're used in theoretical physics
some truth are objective
Yeah that’s the context it was in in the show
buzzwords atp
hmm, if I had to give an approximate general vibe to the subject, it's "calculus but rigourous"
limits, differentiation, integration, sequences, series, metrics, etc are usually hallmarks of analysis
a lot of the time you're studying stuff like continuity and convergence
Ohh I see, I thought that was specifically real and complex analysis
is numerical analysis also considered calculus?
more broadly, you can classify it as mathematical analysis
complex field properties,limits , continuity, differentiation,cr equations, analyticity, construction of analytical functions,the cauchy integral theorems,Laurent , residue theorem,conformal mapping and mobiüs transformations so lots of elementary stuff it's been fun ig 
I wish I could have done more 
I'm sure there are some who'd say so and others who disagree
certain subfields of the subject definitely lie in one or the other
conformal maps 
I guess I would suppose it is but yeah it definitely doesn’t feel like traditional calculus yknow
Like kinda but not really
well... I wouldn't call a field like functional analysis "traditional calculus" either, but it's analysis nevertheless
👁️
Numerical analysis is in essence real analysis if you consider it to finding the optimal bounds that's there in analysis
speaking of analysis, @pure hollow makes a big appearence in the subject 
Maybe the real analysis is the proofs we made along the way
Whenever I hear convergence I think of them
In AP lit the other week our poem was titled the convergence of the Twain
And I thought of @pure hollow

